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• Assign individual NIC to KVM guest

  - by Bin S

  I have a server with 6 NICs installed and is running Ubuntu 12.04LTS. I want to setup 4 guest VMs using kvm. Now I want to assign 2 NICs for the host(1 Public IP and 1 private IP), and 1 NIC each to 4 guest VM(all private IP). How do I do this? /etc/network/interfaces I am having trouble with my configuration file shown below: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.109 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.5 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.1.117 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth2 iface eth2 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.1.118 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth2 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth3 iface eth3 inet manual auto br1 iface br1 inet static address 192.168.1.119 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth3 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth4 iface eth4 inet manual auto br2 iface br2 inet static address 192.168.1.123 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth4 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth5 iface eth5 inet manual auto br3 iface br3 inet static address 192.168.1.124 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth5 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off

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• Kickstarting an Ubuntu Server 10.04 installation (DHCP fails)

  - by William

  I'm trying to automate the network installation of Ubuntu 10.04 LTS with an anaconda kickstart and everything seems to running except for the initial DHCP autoconfiguration. The installer attempts to configure the install via DHCP but fails on its first attempt. This brings me to a prompt where I can retry DHCP and it seems to always work on the second attempt. My issue is that this is not really automated if I have to hit retry for DHCP. Is there something I can add to the kickstart file so that it will automatically retry or better yet not fail the first time? Thanks. Kickstart: # System language lang en_US # Language modules to install langsupport en_US # System keyboard keyboard us # System mouse mouse # System timezone timezone America/New_York # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $1$unrsWyF2$B0W.k2h1roBSSFmUDsW0r/ # Initial user user --disabled # Reboot after installation reboot # Use text mode install text # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use Web installation url --url=http://10.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/ubuntu-10.04-x86_64/ # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr yes # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part swap --size 512 part / --fstype ext3 --size 1 --grow # System authorization infomation auth --useshadow --enablemd5 %include /tmp/pre_install_ubuntu_network_config # Always install the server kernel. preseed --owner d-i base-installer/kernel/override-image string linux-server # Install the Ubuntu Server seed. preseed --owner tasksel tasksel/force-tasks string server # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # Do not configure the X Window System skipx %pre wget "http://10.16.0.1/cblr/svc/op/trig/mode/pre/system/Test-D" -O /dev/null # Network information # Start pre_install_network_config generated code # Start of code to match cobbler system interfaces to physical interfaces by their mac addresses # Start eth0 # Configuring eth0 (00:1A:64:36:B1:C8) if ip -o link show | grep -i 00:1A:64:36:B1:C8 then IFNAME=$(ip -o link show | grep -i 00:1A:64:36:B1:C8 | cut -d" " -f2 | tr -d :) echo "network --device=$IFNAME --bootproto=dhcp" >> /tmp/pre_install_ubuntu_network_config fi # End pre_install_network_config generated code %packages openssh-server

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• Ubuntu IP Configuration - multiple subnets & interfaces

  - by HaydnWVN

  Have a 'new' mailserver running postfix on Ubuntu. We are having some problems configuring the subnets & interfaces. Basically 2 subnets (.253. & .254.) need to be connected through the 3rd subnet (.252.) where the Router is residing. # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.62.254.199 netmask 255.255.0.0 network 10.62.254.0 broadcast 10.62.255.255 #gateway 10.62.252.138 # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed dns-nameservers 10.62.252.138 dns-search ***.com auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 10.62.253.199 netmask 255.255.0.0 network 10.62.253.0 broadcast 10.62.255.255 #gateway 10.62.252.138 #dns-nameservers 10.62.254.199 10.62.253.199 10.62.252.199 dns-nameservers 10.62.252.138 dns-search ***.com auto eth2 iface eth2 inet static address 10.62.252.199 netmask 255.255.0.0 network 10.62.252.0 broadcast 10.62.255.255 gateway 10.62.252.138 #dns-nameservers 10.62.254.199 10.62.253.199 10.62.252.199 dns-search ***.com I have an external support company who are looking into this (they built and configured this server), but it's taking far too long... So I'm looking to highlight the mistake!

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• How to write rules for persistent net names?

  - by ndemou

  I know that a process generates persistent network card names based on rules found in /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules. I also know how to completely disable this process with a simple echo '#' > /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules but I've read that I "could also write my own rules file to give the interface a name — the persistent rules generator ignores the interface if a name has already been set" (/etc/udev/rules.d/README confirms that this is possible). Do you have any pointers to documentation about how to write such rules? (I mostly care about Debian/Ubuntu and a bit less for CentOS) As a specific example of why I want to write custom rules: I have two identical servers with one onboard LAN and one PCI LAN. In case of HW failure I want to be able to move disks from HW#1 to HW#2 and it's important for eth0 to continue pointing to the onboard card and eth1 to the PCI card (no one wants to mess with cabling in the middle of a HW failure panic). My current workaround works but is a lot of work[1] so I wonder if writing custom rules would allow me to express something simple like this: cards with MAC A or B should be named eth0 cards with MAC C or D should be named eth1 follow default naming scheme for anything else [1] install the OS in HW#1 and keep a copy of /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules. Move the disks to HW#2 and keep a second copy of the same file. Concatenate the two copies and manually edit the NAME="ethX" part. Replace /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules with my version. Finally disable auto-creation of a new 70-persistent-net.rules using echo '#' > /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules

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• RESOLVED Why does IPtables's NAT stop working when I enable the firewall's third interface?

  - by Kronick

  On my firewall I've three interfaces : eth0 : public IP (46.X.X.X.) eth0:0 public IP (46.X.X.Y.) eth1 : public IP (88.X.X.X.) eth2 : private LAN (172.X.X.X) I've setup a basic NAT which works great until I turn on the eth1 interface, I basically loose the connectivity. When I turn off the interface (ifconfig eth1 down) then the NAT re-work. I've added some policy routing via iproute, which makes my three public IP's available. I don't understand why turning on eth1 on makes the LAN unavailable. PS : weirder ; when I turn on eth1 BUT remove the NAT, then the firewall is accessible by using the public IPS. So to me it's exclusively a NAT issue, since without the NAT the network works while with the NAT without the second public interface, the NAT does work. Regards EDIT : I've been able to make it work by using iproute2 rules. That was definitely a routing issue. Here is what I did : ip rule add prio 50 table main ip rule add prio 201 from ip1/netmask table 201 ip rule add prio 202 from ip2/netmask table 202 ip route add default via gateway1 dev interface1 src ip1 proto static table 201 ip route append prohibit default table 201 metric 1 proto static ip route add default via gateway2 dev interface2 src ip2 proto static table 202 ip route append prohibit default table 202 metric 1 proto static # mutipath ip rule add prio 221 table 221 ip route add default table 221 proto static \ nexthop via gateway1 dev interface1 weight 2\ nexthop via gateway2 dev interface2 weight 3

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• SSH not working through Double NAT

  - by d_inevitable

  I am trying to setup port forwarding for ssh through 2 NATs The first Router translates my internet IP to my outer network (10.1.7.0). In the outer network there's a second Router that does NAT to my inner network (192.168.1.0). The target server is connected to both, the outer network and the inner network. I cannot change the port forwarding options for outer router. It is currently configured to forward the SSH and HTTP port to the router for the inner network. Internet + | v +-----------------+ +------------------+ | Outer Router | | Inner Router | |-----------------| |------------------| | | SSH HTTP | | +----+ +--------------------->| | | | | | | | | | | | | +-------+---------+ +------+---------+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +------------------+ | SSH | | | | Server | | | | | |------------------| | | | +-----------> |<-------+ | | | | |HTTP (testing) | +------------------+ | | | +------v------------------+ | | Outer Workstation | +-------------------+ | |-------------------------| | Inner Workstation| | | | |-------------------| | | | | |<----------------+ +-------------------------+ | | +-------------------+ When connecting from a outer workstation to the address of the inner router, then both SSH and HTTP work fine. When connecting from the internet to my public ip with HTTP, the connection works fine as well. However SSH just times out. Most likely because the reply is not routed back properly. I suspect its either because of the SSH itself, or because the server is connected to both, the inner and outer network. Any ideas how I could resolve this issue? The routes on the server are currently: ip route show default via 10.1.7.254 dev eth0 metric 100 10.1.7.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.7.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.2 Do I have to change this? If so how?

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• iptables rule on INPUT between 2 ethernet cards on the same host

  - by user1495181

  I have 2 eth cards on the same host. Both connected directly with LAN cable. I set eth0 with ip - 192.168.1.2 I set eth1 with ip - 192.168.1.1 I set this rule: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -j NFQUEUE --queue-num 0 There are no other rules. (I ran iptables -X,-F) I send TCP syn packet ( with c++ program by using raw socket) from 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.1 In wireshark i see that the packet received on eth0, but the iptables rule (above) dosnt apply for this packet. when i sent the packet to remote host and apply this rule on the remote host than it work correct. So, i guess that this is due to the fact that both eth cards exists the same host. . I need to create iptables INPUT rule for local eth card (dest and src on the same machine ). I need it for simplify test. Did i guess the problem correct? is there a way to bypass this? Ps - connected them via switch didn't help. the rule wasn't applied. Run on Ubuntu. TCDUMP show the packet: 10:48:42.365002 IP 192.168.1.2.38550 > 192.168.1.1.34298: Flags [S], seq 0, win 5840, length 0 but logging of iptables like this, has nothing: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -j LOG --log-prefix '*****************' iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -j LOG --log-prefix '#################'

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• iptables: How to combine DNAT and SNAT to use a secondary IP address?

  - by Que_273

  There are lots of questions on here about iptables DNAT/SNAT setups but I haven't found one that solves my current problem. I have services bound to the IP address of eth0 (e.g. 192.168.0.20) and I also have a IP address on eth0:0 (192.168.0.40) which is shared with another server. Only one server is active, so this alias interface comes and goes depending on which server is active. In order to get traffic accepted by the service a DNAT rule is used to change the destination IP. iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.0.40 -p udp --dport 7100 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.20 I also wish all outbound traffic from this service to appear to come from the shared IP, so that return responses will work in the event of a active-standby failover. iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p udp --sport 7100 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.0.40 My problem is that the SNAT rule is not always run. Inbound traffic causes a connection tracking entry like this. [root]# conntrack -L -p udp udp 17 170 src=192.168.0.185 dst=192.168.0.40 sport=7100 dport=7100 src=192.168.0.20 dst=192.168.0.185 sport=7100 dport=7100 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=2 which means the POSTROUTING chain is not run and outbound traffic leaves with the real IP address as the source. I am thinking I can set up a NOTRACK rule in the raw table to prevent conntracking for this port number, but is there a better or more efficient way to make this work? Edit - Alternative question: Is there a way (in CentOS/Linux) to have an interface that can be bound to but not used, such that it can be attached to the network or detached when a shared IP address is swapped between servers?

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• Can next hop address be same as destination address?

  - by Raj

  Like if host address is 100.0.0.1 and next hop address is 100.0.0.2 and destination ip address is also 100.0.0.2 Is this a valid use case? Any real life usage? <dest ip> <next hop> ip route 100.0.0.2 255.255.255.255 100.0.0.2 weight 1 next-hop-vrf GlobalRouter Above is the command on a router inside a VRF. 100.0.0.2 is pingable from host. 100.0.0.1 & 100.0.0.2 are an ip address assigned to a VLAN on host & destination respectively. On a linux box, Such configuration is valid. [root]# netstat -r -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 55.55.55.55 55.55.55.55 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0 [root]# ip route show 55.55.55.55 via 55.55.55.55 dev eth0 As per my understanding, If a destination IP is reachable (i.e in the same subnet of host IP) we dont need a next hop. I came across one application for using next hop for destination IP in same subnet (i.e for VPN) See this: Will packets send to the same subnet go through routers? If next hop != destination IP but they are in same subnet as that of host, is a valid scenario for VPN, then i am wondering what are the applications of next_hop==dest_ip & subnet same as host? This is my first post in Super User. Extremely happy with the quick and warm response.

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• SNMP query - operation not permitted

  - by jperovic

  I am working on API that reads a lot of data via SNMP (routes, interfaces, QoS policies, etc...). Lately, I have experienced a random error stating: Operation not permitted Now, I use SNMP4J as core library and cannot really pinpoint the source of error. Some Stackoverflow questions have suggested OS being unable to open sufficient number of file handles but increasing that parameter did not help much. The strange thing is that error occurs only when iptables is up and running. Could it be that firewall is blocking some traffic? I have tried writing JUnit test that mimicked application's logic but no errors were fired... Any help would be appreciated! Thanks! IPTABLES *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [2:96] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [68:4218] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [68:4218] # route redirect za SNMP Trap i syslog -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp -m udp --dport 514 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 33514 -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp -m udp --dport 162 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 33162 COMMIT *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT ..... # SNMP -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 161 -j ACCEPT # SNMP trap -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 162 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 33162 -j ACCEPT ..... -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT

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• OpenVPN + iptables / NAT routing

  - by Mikeage

  I'm trying to set up an OpenVPN VPN, which will carry some (but not all) traffic from the clients to the internet via the OpenVPN server. My OpenVPN server has a public IP on eth0, and is using tap0 to create a local network, 192.168.2.x. I have a client which connects from local IP 192.168.1.101 and gets VPN IP 192.168.2.3. On the server, I ran: iptables -A INPUT -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE On the client, the default remains to route via 192.168.1.1. In order to point it to 192.168.2.1 for HTTP, I ran ip rule add fwmark 0x50 table 200 ip route add table 200 default via 192.168.2.1 iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -j MARK -p tcp --dport 80 --set-mark 80 Now, if I try accessing a website on the client (say, wget google.com), it just hangs there. On the server, I can see $ sudo tcpdump -n -i tap0 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on tap0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 05:39:07.928358 IP 192.168.1.101.34941 > 74.125.67.100.80: S 4254520618:4254520618(0) win 5840 <mss 1334,sackOK,timestamp 558838 0,nop,wscale 5> 05:39:10.751921 IP 192.168.1.101.34941 > 74.125.67.100.80: S 4254520618:4254520618(0) win 5840 <mss 1334,sackOK,timestamp 559588 0,nop,wscale 5> Where 74.125.67.100 is the IP it gets for google.com . Why isn't the MASQUERADE working? More precisely, I see that the source showing up as 192.168.1.101 -- shouldn't there be something to indicate that it came from the VPN? Edit: Some routes [from the client] $ ip route show table main 192.168.2.0/24 dev tap0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.2.4 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.101 metric 2 169.254.0.0/16 dev wlan0 scope link metric 1000 default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 proto static $ ip route show table 200 default via 192.168.2.1 dev tap0

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• openvpn in a bridge?

  - by sebelk

  I have a somewhat tricky proble to solve. We have a wireless link between 2 building. One of them has an mikrotik and below there are some vlans. Some machines of one vlan need to use openvpn to connect to a remote private lan. I put a TP-Link WR1043ND (which those machines connect to) with openwrt with ebtables just in case I need it. I've configured openwrt in such a way that all ports belongs to the same vlan. My idea was to make things as transparent as I can. It has a bridge as follows: usr/sbin/brctl-full show br-lan bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br-lan 8000.f8d111565716 no eth0.1 eth0.2 Also I've added an ebtables rule: ebtables -t broute -A BROUTING -p ipv4 -j DROP So "bridge" has only one IP address. I've installed openvpn and I'm trying to bring up the tunnel but I can't still get working. Sure, someone can says why don't you use the vpn on the mikrotik, there are some reasons, the first one is I have little experience with mikrotik and I'd want to have the vpn at hand :) The problem is that openvpn is not working, because it is complaining that I have only one Ip Address on the server side. So I set up and alias interface with another IP address but is not working either: : Rejected connection attempt from IP-Client-Side:37801 due to --remote setting Is there a way to make it work?

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• ubuntu 12.04 kvm virtual server network setup, can't get the machine to be connectable

  - by xyious

  I have worked on my Ubuntu Server host for weeks now and I just can not manage to get the virtual machines into the network.... here's what I need to do: I need to be able to create virtual machines that have IP addresses that can be reached from the outside (192.168 network). I need to be able to connect to the virtual machines through ssh, ftp, http and preferably https, anything else doesn't matter that much. So far everything seems simple enough and I have a lot of leeway in terms of IP address range and server/client configuration. I have the option of taking part of a /24 net as most IPs aren't used, and if it's absolutely necessary I have the option of creating a new /24 subnet. Also have the option of reformatting and reinstalling OS on the host and recreating the virtual machines as nothing has been done other than trying to get virtual machines to work. I would prefer if the virtual machines were just part of the normal network which would be 192.168.5.0/24. The host machine has 2 network cards so I don't even necessarily need the Host to be connectable in the same /24 network. I have tried (I think) just about everything from about 5 different tutorials on bridging (giving br0 the same IP that eth0 used to have (Host is able to connect to VM and vice versa, VM doesn't have outside network access), having eth0 set up like it always was and having br0 have a different IP (same as above), NAT with port forwarding (which I would have preferred not to use but will if it works), turning off one of the hosts network cards and just using one of them, different subnets.... etc. I do know my way around iptables fairly well.... Host is 64bit Ubuntu Server 12.04, using libvirt/kvm. edits: Local network is 192.168.5.0/24, host has static ip 192.168.5.254, GW .5.1 which is also nameserver. We have a second Local network at 192.168.10.0/24 with .10.1 GW, but both hosts and VMs were supposed to go into the .5 subnet. The .10 subnet isn't required, but it wouldn't be horrible if the Host were only accessible in the .10 subnet.

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• Allow Incoming Responses Apache. On Ubuntu 11.10 - Curl

  - by Daniel Adarve

  I'm trying to get a Curl Response from an outside server, however I noticed I cant neither PING the server in question nor connect to it. I tried disabling the iptables firewall but I had no success. My server is running behind a Cisco Linksys WRTN310N Router with the DD-wrt firmware Installed. In which I already disabled the firewall. Here are my network settings: Ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:b9:76:73:6b inet addr:192.168.1.120 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::226:b9ff:fe76:736b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:49713 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:30987 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:52829022 (52.8 MB) TX bytes:5438223 (5.4 MB) Interrupt:16 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:341 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:341 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:27604 (27.6 KB) TX bytes:27604 (27.6 KB) /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 192.168.1.1 /etc/nsswitch.com passwd: compat group: compat shadow: compat hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: db files services: db files ethers: db files rpc: db files netgroup: nis /etc/host.conf order hosts,bind multi on /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.0.1 callcenter # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters /etc/network/interfaces # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.120 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.1 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 The Url to which im trying to get a connection to is https://www.veripayment.com/integration/index.php When I ping it on terminal heres what I get daniel@callcenter:~$ ping https://www.veripayment.com/integration/index.php ping: unknown host https://www.veripayment.com/integration/index.php daniel@callcenter:~$ ping www.veripayment.com PING www.veripayment.com (69.172.200.5) 56(84) bytes of data. --- www.veripayment.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1007ms PHP Function in codeigniter public function authorizePayment(){ //--------------------------------------------------- // Authorize a payment //--------------------------------------------------- // Get variables from POST array $post_str = "action=payment&business=" .urlencode($this->input->post('business')) ."&vericode=" .urlencode($this->input->post('vericode')) ."&item_name=" .urlencode($this->input->post('item_name')) ."&item_code=" .urlencode($this->input->post('item_code')) ."&quantity=" .urlencode($this->input->post('quantity')) ."&amount=" .urlencode($this->input->post('amount')) ."&cc_type=" .urlencode($this->input->post('cc_type')) ."&cc_number=" .urlencode($this->input->post('cc_number')) ."&cc_expdate=" .urlencode($this->input->post('cc_expdate_year')).urlencode($this->input->post('cc_expdate_month')) ."&cc_security_code=" .urlencode($this->input->post('cc_security_code')) ."&shipment=" .urlencode($this->input->post('shipment')) ."&first_name=" .urlencode($this->input->post('first_name')) ."&last_name=" .urlencode($this->input->post('last_name')) ."&address=" .urlencode($this->input->post('address')) ."&city=" .urlencode($this->input->post('city')) ."&state_or_province=" .urlencode($this->input->post('state_or_province')) ."&zip_or_postal_code=" .urlencode($this->input->post('zip_or_postal_code')) ."&country=" .urlencode($this->input->post('country')) ."&shipping_address=" .urlencode($this->input->post('shipping_address')) ."&shipping_city=" .urlencode($this->input->post('shipping_city')) ."&shipping_state_or_province=" .urlencode($this->input->post('shipping_state_or_province')) ."&shipping_zip_or_postal_code=".urlencode($this->input->post('shipping_zip_or_postal_code')) ."&shipping_country=" .urlencode($this->input->post('shipping_country')) ."&phone=" .urlencode($this->input->post('phone')) ."&email=" .urlencode($this->input->post('email')) ."&ip_address=" .urlencode($this->input->post('ip_address')) ."&website_unique_id=" .urlencode($this->input->post('website_unique_id')); // Send URL string via CURL $backendUrl = "https://www.veripayment.com/integration/index.php"; $this->curl->create($backendUrl); $this->curl->post($post_str); $return = $this->curl->execute(); $result = array(); // Explode array where blanks are found $resparray = explode(' ', $return); if ($resparray) { // save results into an array foreach ($resparray as $resp) { $keyvalue = explode('=', $resp); if(isset($keyvalue[1])){ $result[$keyvalue[0]] = str_replace('"', '', $keyvalue[1]); } } } return $result; } This gets an empty result array. This function however works well in the previous server where the script was hosted before. No modifications where made whatsoever Thanks in Advance

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• Ubuntu, No wireless networks found after correctly installed madwifi

  - by Peter

  Hi, I just installed madwifi on my MSI laptop with an Atheros AR5001 wifi card & Lucid. As far as I can see and according to System - Administration - Hardware drivers the install was successful and the card + driver is up and running. However, I don't see any wireless network (my windows PC can see about 5 wireless networks). I tried it with the network manager applet as well as with wicd. If I try to connect to "Hidden Wireless Network" via nm-applet, it will start to connect for a while but is unable too (although I supply it with the correct WEP settings & key) So, I'm unable to use my wireless network. What am i doing wrong? Some information about my system: iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wifi0 no wireless extensions. ath0 IEEE 802.11g ESSID:"" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Bit Rate:0 kb/s Tx-Power:17 dBm Sensitivity=1/1 Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=0/70 Signal level=-96 dBm Noise level=-96 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 pan0 no wireless extensions. ifconfig ath0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:af:cf:e2:ca inet6 addr: fe80::215:afff:fecf:e2ca/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:21:85:4d:82:78 inet addr:192.168.2.101 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::221:85ff:fe4d:8278/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3800 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3940261 (3.9 MB) TX bytes:525218 (525.2 KB) Interrupt:27 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:720 (720.0 B) TX bytes:720 (720.0 B) wifi0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-15-AF-CF-E2-CA-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3497 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:280 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:179947 (179.9 KB) Interrupt:16 lshw -C network *-network description: Wireless interface product: AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: wifi0 version: 01 serial: 00:15:af:cf:e2:ca width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list logical ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath_pci latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11g resources: irq:16 memory:fd7f0000-fd7fffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 01 serial: 00:21:85:4d:82:78 size: 100MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full ip=192.168.2.101 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100MB/s resources: irq:27 ioport:c800(size=256) memory:fe2ff000-fe2fffff memory:fe2c0000-fe2dffff(prefetchable) lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 Host Bridge 00:01.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (Internal gfx) 00:04.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc Device 7914 00:06.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (PCI Express Port 2) 00:07.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (PCI Express Port 3) 00:12.0 SATA controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 Non-Raid-5 SATA 00:13.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI0) 00:13.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI1) 00:13.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI2) 00:13.3 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI3) 00:13.4 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI4) 00:13.5 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB Controller (EHCI) 00:14.0 SMBus: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 SMBus Controller (rev 14) 00:14.1 IDE interface: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 IDE 00:14.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 00:14.3 ISA bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 PCI to LPC Bridge 00:14.4 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc RS690M [Radeon X1200 Series] 01:05.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc Radeon X1200 Series Audio Controller 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01) 05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 01) 06:04.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ711MP1/MS1 MemoryCardBus Controller (rev 21) 06:04.2 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MMC/SD Controller (rev 01) 06:04.3 Bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MS/xD Controller (rev 01) 06:04.4 FireWire (IEEE 1394): O2 Micro, Inc. Firewire (IEEE 1394) (rev 02) less /proc/modules | grep ath ath_rate_sample 11476 1 - Live 0xf812b000 ath_pci 193197 0 - Live 0xf85c3000 wlan 222892 5 wlan_wep,wlan_scan_sta,ath_rate_sample,ath_pci, Live 0xf8537000 ath_hal 398604 3 ath_rate_sample,ath_pci, Live 0xf8480000 I've been at this for hours now, also tried ndiswrapper and ath5k drivers with no luck, and really could use some help. Cheers.

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• SSH not working over IPSec tunnel (Strongswan)

  - by PattPatel

  I configured a small network on a cloud virtual machine. This virtual machine has a static IP address assigned to eth0 interface that I'll call $EXTIP. mydomain.com points to $EXTIP. Inside, I have some linux containers, that get their ip through DHCP in the Subnet 10.0.0.0/24 (i called the virtual interface nat ). They run some services that can be reached through DNAT. Then I wanted to connect to these containers through an IPSec tunnel, so I configured StrongSwan. ipsec.conf: conn %default dpdaction=none rekey=no conn remote keyexchange=ikev2 ike=######## left=[$EXTIP] leftsubnet=10.0.1.0/24,10.0.0.0/24 leftauth=pubkey lefthostaccess=yes leftcert=########.pem leftfirewall=yes leftid="#########" right=%any rightsourceip=10.0.1.0/24 rightauth=######## rightid=%any rightsendcert=never eap_identity=%any auto=add type=tunnel Everything works fine, IPSec clients get IPs of the 10.0.1.0/24 subnet and can reach the containers subnet. My problem is that I'm not able to get SSH connections over the tunnel. It simply does not work, ssh client does not produce any output. Sniffing with tcpdump gives: tcpdump: 09:50:29.648206 ARP, Request who-has 10.0.0.1 tell mydomain.com, length 28 09:50:29.648246 ARP, Reply 10.0.0.1 is-at 00:ff:aa:00:00:01 (oui Unknown), length 28 09:50:29.648253 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [S], seq 4007849772, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1151153 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0 09:50:29.648296 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [S.], seq 2809522632, ack 4007849773, win 14480, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 11482992 ecr 1151153,nop,wscale 6], length 0 09:50:29.677225 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [.], ack 2809522633, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151162 ecr 11482992], length 0 09:50:29.679370 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [P.], seq 0:23, ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151162 ecr 11482992], length 23 09:50:29.679403 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [.], ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483002 ecr 1151162], length 0 09:50:29.684337 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [P.], seq 1:32, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483003 ecr 1151162], length 31 09:50:29.685471 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [.], seq 32:1480, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483003 ecr 1151162], length 1448 09:50:29.685519 IP mydomain.com > 10.0.0.1: ICMP mydomain.com unreachable - need to frag (mtu 1422), length 556 09:50:29.685567 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [.], seq 32:1402, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483003 ecr 1151162], length 1370 09:50:29.685572 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [.], seq 1402:1480, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483003 ecr 1151162], length 78 09:50:29.714601 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [.], ack 32, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151173 ecr 11483003], length 0 09:50:29.714642 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [P.], seq 1480:1600, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483012 ecr 1151173], length 120 09:50:29.723649 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [P.], seq 1393:1959, ack 32, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151174 ecr 11483003], length 566 09:50:29.723677 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [.], ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483015 ecr 1151173,nop,nop,sack 1 {1394:1960}], length 0 09:50:29.725688 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [.], ack 1480, win 251, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151177 ecr 11483003], length 0 09:50:29.952394 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [P.], seq 1480:1600, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483084 ecr 1151173,nop,nop,sack 1 {1394:1960}], length 120 09:50:29.981056 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [.], ack 1600, win 251, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151253 ecr 11483084,nop,nop,sack 1 {1480:1600}], length 0 If you need it this is my iptables configuration file: iptables: *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [144:9669] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [97:15649] :interfacce-trusted - [0:0] :porte-trusted - [0:0] -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j interfacce-trusted -A FORWARD -j porte-trusted -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-unreachable -A FORWARD -d 10.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -d 10.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -d 10.0.0.3/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1234 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A interfacce-trusted -i nat -j ACCEPT -A porte-trusted -d 10.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A porte-trusted -d 10.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A porte-trusted -d 10.0.0.3/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1234 -j ACCEPT COMMIT *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [10:600] :INPUT ACCEPT [10:600] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [4:268] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [18:1108] -A PREROUTING -d [$EXTIP] -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.1:80 -A PREROUTING -d [$EXTIP] -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.1:443 -A PREROUTING -d [$EXTIP] -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8069 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.3:1234 -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -o eth0 -m policy --dir out --pol ipsec -j ACCEPT -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.1.0/24 -o nat -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT Probably I'm missing something stupid... Thanks in advance for helping :))

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• OpenVPN - client-to-client traffic working in one direction but not the other

  - by Pawz

  I have the following VPN configuration: +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ | outpost |----------------| kino |----------------| guchuko | +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ OS: FreeBSD 6.2 OS: Gentoo 2.6.32 OS: Gentoo 2.6.33.3 Keyname: client3 Keyname: server Keyname: client1 eth0: 10.0.1.254 eth0: 203.x.x.x eth0: 192.168.0.6 tun0: 192.168.150.18 tun0: 192.168.150.1 tun0: 192.168.150.10 P-t-P: 192.166.150.17 P-t-P: 192.168.150.2 P-t-P: 192.168.150.9 Kino is the server and has client-to-client enabled. I am using "fragment 1400" and "mssfix" on all three machines. An mtu-test on both connections is successful. All three machines have ip forwarding enabled, by this on the gentoo boxes: net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 1 And this on the FreeBSD box: net.inet.ip.forwarding: 1 In the server's "ccd" directory is the following files: client1: iroute 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 client3: iroute 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 The server config has these routes configured: push "route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0" push "route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0" route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 Kino's routing table looks like this: 192.168.150.0 192.168.150.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 10.0.1.0 192.168.150.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.0.0 192.168.150.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.150.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 Outpost's like this: 192.168.150 192.168.150.17 UGS 0 17 tun0 192.168.0 192.168.150.17 UGS 0 2 tun0 192.168.150.17 192.168.150.18 UH 3 0 tun0 And Guchuko's like this: 192.168.150.0 192.168.150.9 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 10.0.1.0 192.168.150.9 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.150.9 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 Now, the tests. Pings from Guchuko to Outpost's LAN IP work OK, as does the reverse - pings from Outpost to Guchuko's LAN IP. However... Pings from Outpost, to a machine on Guchuko's LAN work fine: .(( root@outpost )). (( 06:39 PM )) :: ~ :: # ping 192.168.0.3 PING 192.168.0.3 (192.168.0.3): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.0.3: icmp_seq=0 ttl=63 time=462.641 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=557.909 ms But a ping from Guchuko, to a machine on Outpost's LAN does not: .(( root@guchuko )). (( 06:43 PM )) :: ~ :: # ping 10.0.1.253 PING 10.0.1.253 (10.0.1.253) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 10.0.1.253 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2000ms Guchuko's tcpdump of tun0 shows: 18:46:27.716931 IP 192.168.150.10 > 10.0.1.253: ICMP echo request, id 63009, seq 1, length 64 18:46:28.716715 IP 192.168.150.10 > 10.0.1.253: ICMP echo request, id 63009, seq 2, length 64 18:46:29.716714 IP 192.168.150.10 > 10.0.1.253: ICMP echo request, id 63009, seq 3, length 64 Outpost's tcpdump on tun0 shows: 18:44:00.333341 IP 192.168.150.10 > 10.0.1.253: ICMP echo request, id 63009, seq 3, length 64 18:44:01.334073 IP 192.168.150.10 > 10.0.1.253: ICMP echo request, id 63009, seq 4, length 64 18:44:02.331849 IP 192.168.150.10 > 10.0.1.253: ICMP echo request, id 63009, seq 5, length 64 So Outpost is receiving the ICMP request destined for the machine on it's subnet, but appears not be forwarding it. Outpost has gateway_enable="YES" in its rc.conf which correctly sets net.inet.ip.forwarding to 1 as mentioned earlier. As far as I know, that's all that's required to make a FreeBSD box forward packets between interfaces. Is there something else I could be forgetting ? FWIW, pinging 10.0.1.253 from Kino has the same result - the traffic does not get forwarded. UPDATE: I've found that I can only ping certain IP's on Guchuko's LAN from Outpost. From Outpost I can ping 192.168.0.3 and 192.168.0.2, but 192.168.99 and 192.168.0.4 are unreachable. The same tcpdump behavior can be seen. I think this means the problem can't be due to ipforwarding or routing, because Outpost can reach SOME hosts on Guchuko's LAN but not others and likewise, Guchuko can reach two hosts on Outpost's LAN, but not others. This baffles me.

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• Slow NFS and GFS2 performance

  - by Tiago

  Recently I've designed and configured a 4 node cluster for a webapp that does lots of file handling. The cluster have been broken down into 2 main roles, webserver and storage. Each role is replicated to a second server using drbd in active/passive mode. The webserver does a NFS mount of the data directory of the storage server and the latter also has a webserver running to serve files to browser clients. In the storage servers I've created a GFS2 FS to hold the data which is wired to drbd. I've chose GFS2 mainly because the announced performance and also because the volume size which has to be pretty high. Since we entered production I've been facing two problems that I think are deeply connected. First of all, the NFS mount on the webservers keeps hanging for a minute or so and then resumes normal operations. By analyzing the logs I've found out that NFS stops answering for a while and outputs the following log lines: Oct 15 18:15:42 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:44 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:46 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:47 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:47 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:47 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:48 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:48 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:51 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:52 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:52 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:55 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:55 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:58 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK In this case, the hang lasted for 16 seconds but sometimes it takes 1 or 2 minutes to resume normal operations. My first guess was this was happening due to heavy load of the NFS mount and that by increasing RPCNFSDCOUNT to a higher value, this would become stable. I've increased it several times and apparently, after a while, the logs started appearing less times. The value is now on 32. After further investigating the issue, I've came across a different hang, despite the NFS messages still appear in the logs. Sometimes, the GFS2 FS simply hangs which causes both the NFS and the storage webserver to serve files. Both stay hang for a while and then they resume normal operations. This hangs leaves no trace on client side (also leaves no NFS ... not responding messages) and, on the storage side, the log system appears to be empty, even though the rsyslogd is running. The nodes connect themselves through a 10Gbps non-dedicated connection but I don't think this is an issue because the GFS2 hang is confirmed but connecting directly to the active storage server. I've been trying to solve this for a while now and I've tried different NFS configuration options, before I've found out the GFS2 FS is also hanging. The NFS mount is exported as such: /srv/data/ <ip_address>(rw,async,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,fsid=25) And the NFS client mounts with: mount -o "async,hard,intr,wsize=8192,rsize=8192" active.storage.vlan:/srv/data /srv/data After some tests, these were the configurations that yielded more performance to the cluster. I am desperate to find a solution for this as the cluster is already in production mode and I need to fix this so that this hangs won't happen in the future and I don't really know for sure what and how I should be benchmarking. What I can tell is that this is happening due to heavy loads as I have tested the cluster earlier and this problems weren't happening at all. Please tell me if you need me to provide configuration details of the cluster, and which do you want me to post. As last resort I can migrate the files to a different FS but I need some solid pointers on whether this will solve this problems as the volume size is extremely large at this point. The servers are being hosted by a third-party enterprise and I don't have physical access to them. Best regards. EDIT 1: The servers are physical servers and their specs are: Webservers: Intel Bi Xeon E5606 2x4 2.13GHz 24GB DDR3 Intel SSD 320 2 x 120GB Raid 1 Storage: Intel i5 3550 3.3GHz 16GB DDR3 12 x 2TB SATA Initially there was a VRack setup between the servers but we've upgraded one of the storage servers to have more RAM and it wasn't inside the VRack. They connect through a shared 10Gbps connection between them. Please note that it is the same connection that is used for public access. They use a single IP (using IP Failover) to connect between them and to allow for a graceful failover. NFS is therefore over a public connection and not under any private network (it was before the upgrade, were the problem still existed). The firewall was configured and tested thoroughly but I disabled it for a while to see if the problem still occurred, and it did. From my knowledge the hosting provider isn't blocking or limiting the connection between either the servers and the public domain (at least under a given bandwidth consumption threshold that hasn't been reached yet). Hope this helps figuring out the problem. EDIT 2: Relevant software versions: CentOS 2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64 nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.x86_64 nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-4.el6.x86_64 gfs2-utils-3.0.12.1-32.el6_3.1.x86_64 kmod-drbd84-8.4.2-1.el6_3.elrepo.x86_64 drbd84-utils-8.4.2-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64 DRBD configuration on storage servers: #/etc/drbd.d/storage.res resource storage { protocol C; on <server1 fqdn> { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/vg_storage/LV_replicated; address <server1 ip>:7788; meta-disk internal; } on <server2 fqdn> { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/vg_storage/LV_replicated; address <server2 ip>:7788; meta-disk internal; } } NFS Configuration in storage servers: #/etc/sysconfig/nfs RPCNFSDCOUNT=32 STATD_PORT=10002 STATD_OUTGOING_PORT=10003 MOUNTD_PORT=10004 RQUOTAD_PORT=10005 LOCKD_UDPPORT=30001 LOCKD_TCPPORT=30001 (can there be any conflict in using the same port for both LOCKD_UDPPORT and LOCKD_TCPPORT?) GFS2 configuration: # gfs2_tool gettune <mountpoint> incore_log_blocks = 1024 log_flush_secs = 60 quota_warn_period = 10 quota_quantum = 60 max_readahead = 262144 complain_secs = 10 statfs_slow = 0 quota_simul_sync = 64 statfs_quantum = 30 quota_scale = 1.0000 (1, 1) new_files_jdata = 0 Storage network environment: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr <mac address> inet addr:<ip address> Bcast:<bcast address> Mask:<ip mask> inet6 addr: <ip address> Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:957025127 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1473338731 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2630984979622 (2.3 TiB) TX bytes:1648430431523 (1.4 TiB) eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr <mac address> inet addr:<ip failover address> Bcast:<bcast address> Mask:<ip mask> UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 The IP addresses are statically assigned with the given network configurations: DEVICE="eth0" BOOTPROTO="static" HWADDR=<mac address> ONBOOT="yes" TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=<ip address> NETMASK=<net mask> and DEVICE="eth0:0" BOOTPROTO="static" HWADDR=<mac address> IPADDR=<ip failover> NETMASK=<net mask> ONBOOT="yes" BROADCAST=<bcast address> Hosts file to allow for a graceful NFS failover in conjunction with NFS option fsid=25 set on both storage servers: #/etc/hosts <storage ip failover address> active.storage.vlan <webserver ip failover address> active.service.vlan As you can see, packet errors are down to 0. I've also ran ping for a long time without any packet loss. MTU size is the normal 1500. As there is no VLan by now, this is the MTU used to communicate between servers. The webservers' network environment is similar. One thing I forgot to mention is that the storage servers handle ~200GB of new files each day through the NFS connection, which is a key point for me to think this is some kind of heavy load problem with either NFS or GFS2. If you need further configuration details please tell me. EDIT 3: Earlier today we had a major filesystem crash on the storage server. I couldn't get the details of the crash right away because the server stop responding. After the reboot, I noticed the filesystem was extremely slow, and I was not being able to serve a single file through either NFS or httpd, perhaps due to cache warming or so. Nevertheless, I've been monitoring the server closely and the following error came up in dmesg. The source of the problem is clearly GFS, which is waiting for a lock and ends up starving after a while. INFO: task nfsd:3029 blocked for more than 120 seconds. "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. nfsd D 0000000000000000 0 3029 2 0x00000080 ffff8803814f79e0 0000000000000046 0000000000000000 ffffffff8109213f ffff880434c5e148 ffff880624508d88 ffff8803814f7960 ffffffffa037253f ffff8803815c1098 ffff8803814f7fd8 000000000000fb88 ffff8803815c1098 Call Trace: [<ffffffff8109213f>] ? wake_up_bit+0x2f/0x40 [<ffffffffa037253f>] ? gfs2_holder_wake+0x1f/0x30 [gfs2] [<ffffffff814ff42e>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x13e/0x180 [<ffffffff814ff2cb>] mutex_lock+0x2b/0x50 [<ffffffffa0379f21>] gfs2_log_reserve+0x51/0x190 [gfs2] [<ffffffffa0390da2>] gfs2_trans_begin+0x112/0x1d0 [gfs2] [<ffffffffa0369b05>] ? gfs2_dir_check+0x35/0xe0 [gfs2] [<ffffffffa0377943>] gfs2_createi+0x1a3/0xaa0 [gfs2] [<ffffffff8121aab1>] ? avc_has_perm+0x71/0x90 [<ffffffffa0383d1e>] gfs2_create+0x7e/0x1a0 [gfs2] [<ffffffffa037783f>] ? gfs2_createi+0x9f/0xaa0 [gfs2] [<ffffffff81188cf4>] vfs_create+0xb4/0xe0 [<ffffffffa04217d6>] nfsd_create_v3+0x366/0x4c0 [nfsd] [<ffffffffa0429703>] nfsd3_proc_create+0x123/0x1b0 [nfsd] [<ffffffffa041a43e>] nfsd_dispatch+0xfe/0x240 [nfsd] [<ffffffffa025a5d4>] svc_process_common+0x344/0x640 [sunrpc] [<ffffffff810602a0>] ? default_wake_function+0x0/0x20 [<ffffffffa025ac10>] svc_process+0x110/0x160 [sunrpc] [<ffffffffa041ab62>] nfsd+0xc2/0x160 [nfsd] [<ffffffffa041aaa0>] ? nfsd+0x0/0x160 [nfsd] [<ffffffff81091de6>] kthread+0x96/0xa0 [<ffffffff8100c14a>] child_rip+0xa/0x20 [<ffffffff81091d50>] ? kthread+0x0/0xa0 [<ffffffff8100c140>] ? child_rip+0x0/0x20

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• Slow wifi on Ubuntu 12.04 wifi driver ath9k

  - by lunar

  For the last couple of days my wifi connection is extremely slow. I am pretty sure that it is caused by the driver. Can this be improved? lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"MyWiFi" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: 00:18:68:FE:7B:C7 Bit Rate=58.5 Mb/s Tx-Power=15 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=48/70 Signal level=-62 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:6960 Missed beacon:0 eth0 no wireless extensions. sudo lshw -class network *-network description: Wireless interface product: AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 01 serial: 74:f0:6d:34:c2:4e width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath9k driverversion=3.2.0-31-generic-pae firmware=N/A ip=192.168.1.2 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:17 memory:d7400000-d740ffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: AR8131 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:06:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: c0 serial: 48:4b:38:78:f6:ae capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.0-NAPI firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:51 memory:d3800000-d383ffff ioport:8000(size=128) lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 04f2:b1bb Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0b05:1788 ASUSTek Computer, Inc. lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor DRAM Controller (rev 18) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor PCI Express x16 Root Port (rev 18) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 18) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset HECI Controller (rev 06) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 06) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio (rev 06) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 06) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 06) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev 06) 00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev 06) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev 06) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 06) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev a6) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 5 Series Chipset LPC Interface Controller (rev 06) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset 4 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 06) 00:1f.6 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset Thermal Subsystem (rev 06) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF108 [GeForce GT 425M] (rev a1) 03:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01) 04:00.0 USB controller: Fresco Logic Device 1400 (rev 01) 06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8131 Gigabit Ethernet (rev c0) ff:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture Generic Non-core Registers (rev 05) ff:00.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture System Address Decoder (rev 05) ff:02.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Link 0 (rev 05) ff:02.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Physical 0 (rev 05) ff:02.2 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 05) ff:02.3 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 05) rfkill list all 0: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no

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• A problem with conky in Gnome 3.4 [closed]

  - by Pranit Bauva

  Possible Duplicate: Conky not working in Gnome 3.4 My conky in Gnome 3.4 is not working. When I run a conky script nothing appears but the process is running. Please also see the debug code : pungi-man@pungi-man:~$ sh conky_startup.sh Conky: forked to background, pid is 3157 Conky: desktop window (c00023) is subwindow of root window (aa) Conky: window type - override Conky: drawing to created window (0x2200001) Conky: drawing to double buffer My conky script is : background yes update_interval 1 cpu_avg_samples 2 net_avg_samples 2 temperature_unit celsius double_buffer yes no_buffers yes text_buffer_size 2048 gap_x 10 gap_y 30 minimum_size 190 450 maximum_width 190 own_window yes own_window_type override own_window_transparent yes own_window_hints undecorate,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager,below border_inner_margin 0 border_outer_margin 0 alignment tr draw_shades no draw_outline no draw_borders no draw_graph_borders no override_utf8_locale yes use_xft yes xftfont caviar dreams:size=8 xftalpha 0.5 uppercase no default_color FFFFFF color1 DDDDDD color2 AAAAAA color3 888888 color4 666666 lua_load /home/pungi-man/.conky/conky_grey.lua lua_draw_hook_post main TEXT ${voffset 35} ${goto 95}${color4}${font ubuntu:size=22}${time %e}${color1}${offset -50}${font ubuntu:size=10}${time %A} ${goto 85}${color2}${voffset -2}${font ubuntu:size=9}${time %b}${voffset -2} ${color3}${font ubuntu:size=12}${time %Y}${font} ${voffset 80} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:bold}${color}CPU ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${top name 1}${alignr}${top cpu 1}% ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color2}${top name 2}${alignr}${top cpu 2}% ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color3}${top name 3}${alignr}${top cpu 3}% ${goto 90}${cpugraph 10,100 666666 666666} ${goto 90}${voffset -10}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color}${threads} process ${voffset 20} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:bold}${color}MEM ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${top_mem name 1} ${alignr}${top_mem mem 1}% ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color2}${top_mem name 2} ${alignr}${top_mem mem 2}% ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color3}${top_mem name 3} ${alignr}${top_mem mem 3}% ${voffset 15} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:bold}${color}DISKS ${goto 90}${diskiograph 30,100 666666 666666}${voffset -30} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color}used: ${fs_used /home} /home ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color}used: ${fs_used /} / ${voffset 10} ${goto 70}${font Ubuntu:size=18,weight:bold}${color3}NET${alignr}${color2}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:bold}${color1}${if_up eth0}eth ${addr eth0} ${endif}${if_up wlan0}wifi ${addr wlan0}${endif} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:bold}${color}open ports: ${alignr}${color2}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 count} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:bold}${color}${offset 10}IP${alignr}DPORT ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 0}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 0} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 1}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 1} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 2}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 2} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 3}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 3} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 4}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 4} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 5}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 5} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 6}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 6} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 7}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 7} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 8}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 8} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 9}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 9} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 10}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 10} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 11}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 11} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 12}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 12} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 13}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 13} ${goto 90}${font Ubuntu:size=7,weight:normal}${color1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rip 14}${alignr 1}${tcp_portmon 1 65535 rport 14} This script works fine with unity but faces problems in gnome 3.4 Can anyone please sort it out?

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• Desktop login fails, terminal works

  - by Tobias

  I have a freshly setup 12.04 LTS pc system (120 GB SSD, 1 TB HDD, 16 GiB RAM); since a few days, I can't login to the graphical desktop anymore: there is very short flashing shell window which disappears very quickly, and I'm confronted with the login screen again. I believe there is something about modprobe and vbox, but I can't read it fast enough ... I can login to a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+F1). It did not help to chown all contents of my home directory to me:my-group, like suggested here. This is what I could find in /var/log, grepping for the date and time (I inserted linebreaks after <my-hostname>; real time values preserved): auth.log: <date> 22:43:01 <my-hostname> lightdm: pam_succeed_if(lightdm:auth): requirement "user ingroup nopasswdlogin" not met by user "tobias" <date> 22:43:08 <my-hostname> lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session closed for user lightdm <date> 22:43:08 <my-hostname> lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session opened for user tobias by (uid=0) <date> 22:43:08 <my-hostname> lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 <date> 22:43:08 <my-hostname> lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session closed for user tobias <date> 22:43:09 <my-hostname> lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session opened for user lightdm by (uid=0) <date> 22:43:09 <my-hostname> lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 <date> 22:43:10 <my-hostname> lightdm: pam_succeed_if(lightdm:auth): requirement "user ingroup nopasswdlogin" not met by user "tobias" <date> 22:43:10 <my-hostname> dbus[756]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender="1:43" (uid=104 pid=1639 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.15" (uid=0 pid=1005 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ") kern.log: <date> 22:43:00 <my-hostname> kernel: [ 16.084525] eth0: no IPv6 routers present syslog: <date> 22:43:00 <my-hostname> kernel: [ 16.084525] eth0: no IPv6 routers present <date> 22:43:01 <my-hostname> ntpdate[1492]: adjust time server 91.189.94.4 offset -0.162831 sec <date> 22:43:08 <my-hostname> acpid: client 969[0:0] has disconnected <date> 22:43:08 <my-hostname> acpid: client connected from 1553[0:0] <date> 22:43:08 <my-hostname> acpid: 1 client rule loaded I have Virtualbox and Truecrypt installed, but I can't think of a reason why they might prevent a graphical login. I'm confused: What is this about requirement "user ingroup nopasswdlogin" not met? I do login using a password, and the password works ok when logging in to a terminal! Can I somehow read the error output, e.g. by delaying it, redirecting it to a file, or having the system prompt me for pressing a key? Has possibly any recent update caused my problem? Should I install the pending updates? How, btw, without access to the graphical UI? I have some working knowledge about the Linux shell, but I'm new to Ubuntu. Any help would be appreciated.

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• The Raspberry Pi JavaFX In-Car System (Part 3)

  - by speakjava

  Ras Pi car pt3 Having established communication between a laptop and the ELM327 it's now time to bring in the Raspberry Pi. One of the nice things about the Raspberry Pi is the simplicity of it's power supply.  All we need is 5V at about 700mA, which in a car is as simple as using a USB cigarette lighter adapter (which is handily rated at 1A).  My car has two cigarette lighter sockets (despite being specified with the non-smoking package and therefore no actual cigarette lighter): one in the centre console and one in the rear load area.  This was convenient as my idea is to mount the Raspberry Pi in the back to minimise the disruption to the very clean design of the Audi interior. The first task was to get the Raspberry Pi to communicate using Wi-Fi with the ELM 327.  Initially I tried a cheap Wi-Fi dongle from Amazon, but I could not get this working with my home Wi-Fi network since it just would not handle the WPA security no matter what I did.  I upgraded to a Wi Pi from Farnell and this works very well. The ELM327 uses Ad-Hoc networking, which is point to point communication.  Rather than using a wireless router each connecting device has its own assigned IP address (which needs to be on the same subnet) and uses the same ESSID.  The settings of the ELM327 are fixed to an IP address of 192.168.0.10 and useing the ESSID, "Wifi327".  To configure Raspbian Linux to use these settings we need to modify the /etc/network/interfaces file.  After some searching of the web and a few false starts here's the settings I came up with: auto lo eth0 wlan0 iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet static     address 10.0.0.13     gateway 10.0.0.254     netmask 255.255.255.0 iface wlan0 inet static     address 192.168.0.1     netmask 255.255.255.0     wireless-essid Wifi327     wireless-mode ad-ho0 After rebooting, iwconfig wlan0 reported that the Wi-Fi settings were correct.  However, ifconfig showed no assigned IP address.  If I configured the IP address manually using ifconfig wlan0 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 then everything was fine and I was able to happily ping the IP address of the ELM327.  I tried numerous variations on the interfaces file, but nothing I did would get me an IP address on wlan0 when the machine booted.  Eventually I decided that this was a pointless thing to spend more time on and so I put a script in /etc/init.d and registered it with update-rc.d.  All the script does (currently) is execute the ifconfig line and now, having installed the telnet package I am able to telnet to the ELM327 via the Raspberry Pi.  Not nice, but it works. Here's a picture of the Raspberry Pi in the car for testing In the next part we'll look at running the Java code on the Raspberry Pi to collect data from the car systems.

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• Need help partitioning when reinstalling Ubuntu 14.04

  - by Chris M.

  I upgraded to 14.04 about a month ago on my HP Mini netbook (about 16 GB hard disk). A few days ago the system crashed (I don't know why but I was using internet at the time). When I restarted the computer, Ubuntu would not load. Instead, I got a message from the BIOS saying Reboot and Select proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key I took this to mean that I needed to reinstall 14.04. When I try to reinstall Ubuntu from the USB stick, I choose "Erase disk and install Ubuntu" but then I get a message: Some of the partitions you created are too small. Please make the following partitions at least this large: / 3.3 GB If you do not go back to the partitioner and increase the size of these partitions, the installation may fail. At first I hit Continue to see if it would install anyway, and it gave the message: The attempt to mount a file system with type ext4 in SCSI1 (0,0,0), partition # 1 (sda) at / failed. You may resume partitioning from the partitioning menu. The second time I hit Go Back, and it took me to the following partitioning table: Device Type Mount Point Format Size Used System /dev/sda /dev/sda1 ext4 (checked) 3228 MB Unknown /dev/sda5 swap (not checked) 1063 MB Unknown + - Change New Partition Table... Revert Device for boot loader installation: /dev/sda ATA JM Loader 001 (4.3 GB) At this point I'm not sure what to do. I've never partitioned my hard drive before and I don't want to screw things up. (I'm not particularly tech savvy.) Can you instruct me what I should do. (P.S. I'm afraid the table might not appear as I typed it in.) Results from fdisk: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders, total 8388608 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdb: 7860 MB, 7860125696 bytes 155 heads, 31 sectors/track, 3194 cylinders, total 15351808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009a565 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2768 15351807 7674520 b W95 FAT32 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ Here is what it displays when I open the Disks utility (I tried the screenshot terminal command you suggested but it didn't seem to do anything): 4.3 GB Hard Disk /dev/sda Model: JM Loader 001 (01000001) Size: 4.3 GB (4,294,967,296 bytes) Serial Number: 01234123412341234 Assessment: SMART is not supported Volumes Size: 4.3 GB (4,294,967,296 bytes) Device: /dev/sda Contents: Unknown (There is a button in the utility that when you click it gives the following options: Format... Create Disk Image... Restore Disk Image... Benchmark but SMART Data & Self-Tests... is dimmed out) When I hit F9 Change Boot Device Order, it shows the hard drive as: SATA:PM-JM Loader 001 When I hit F10 to get me into the BIOS Setup Utility, under Diagnostic it shows: Primary Hard Disk Self Test Not Support NetworkManager Tool State: disconnected Device: eth0 Type: Wired Driver: atl1c State: unavailable Default: no HW Address: 00:26:55:B0:7F:0C Capabilities: Carrier Detect: yes Wired Properties Carrier: off When I run command lshw -C network, I get: WARNING: you should run this program as super-user. *-network description: Network controller product: BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: 01 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=b43-pci-bridge latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:feafc000-feafffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: AR8132 Fast Ethernet vendor: Qualcomm Atheros physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: c0 serial: 00:26:55:b0:7f:0c capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.1-NAPI latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:43 memory:febc0000-febfffff ioport:ec80(size=128) WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.

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• Need help with chronic slow wifi connections

  - by mgeorge

  I have had chronic slow wifi connections on several networks for a while now, I think since my update to 12.04 when it came out. I have tried many of the tips and tricks already available out there in the forums with no luck (wicd, etc..). I want to see if any of you experts out there might be able to help me, and thanks in advance!! I use ubuntu 12.04 on a lenovo ideapad y650, and most networks I connect to lose the connection frequently or do not give appropriate bandwidth when I am connected. Here are some results of the usual go-to system checks: cat /etc/lsb-release; uname -a: DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS" Linux mgeorge-lenovo 3.2.0-48-generic-pae #74-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 6 20:05:01 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net: 04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation PRO/Wireless 5100 AGN [Shiloh] Network Connection [8086:4237] Subsystem: Intel Corporation WiFi Link 5100 AGN [8086:1211] Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi -- 08:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Broadcom Corporation NetLink BCM5784M Gigabit Ethernet PCIe [14e4:1698] (rev 10) Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:3878] Kernel driver in use: tg3 lsusb: Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 090c:7371 Silicon Motion, Inc. - Taiwan (formerly Feiya Technology Corp.) iwconfig: lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11abgn ESSID:"Dyno" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.412 GHz Access Point: CC:5D:4E:46:0A:93 Bit Rate=150 Mb/s Tx-Power=15 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=70/70 Signal level=-40 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:948 Invalid misc:728 Missed beacon:0 eth0 no wireless extensions. rfkill list all: 0: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: ideapad_bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no 2: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no lsmod: Module Size Used by uvcvideo 67203 0 videodev 86588 1 uvcvideo nouveau 712674 3 ttm 65344 1 nouveau drm_kms_helper 45466 1 nouveau drm 197641 5 nouveau,ttm,drm_kms_helper i2c_algo_bit 13199 1 nouveau mxm_wmi 12893 1 nouveau wmi 18744 1 mxm_wmi joydev 17393 0 arc4 12473 2 snd_hda_codec_realtek 174313 1 snd_hda_codec_hdmi 31775 1 snd_hda_intel 32719 3 snd_hda_codec 109562 3 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13276 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 80916 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec snd_seq_midi 13132 0 snd_rawmidi 25424 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14475 1 snd_seq_midi psmouse 86520 0 snd_seq 51592 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event serio_raw 13027 0 snd_timer 28931 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14172 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq iwlwifi 366509 0 mac80211 436493 1 iwlwifi snd 62218 16 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,sn d_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device ideapad_laptop 17890 0 sparse_keymap 13658 1 ideapad_laptop cfg80211 178877 2 iwlwifi,mac80211 ir_lirc_codec 12739 0 lirc_dev 18700 1 ir_lirc_codec soundcore 14635 1 snd snd_page_alloc 14108 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm ir_mce_kbd_decoder 12681 0 ir_sony_decoder 12462 0 ir_jvc_decoder 12459 0 ir_rc6_decoder 12459 0 ir_rc5_decoder 12459 0 rc_rc6_mce 12454 0 ir_nec_decoder 12459 0 video 19115 1 nouveau ene_ir 18019 0 rc_core 21263 10 ir_lirc_codec,ir_mce_kbd_decoder,ir_sony_decoder,ir_jvc_decoder,ir_rc6_decoder,ir_rc5_decoder,rc_rc6_mce,ir_nec_decoder,ene_ir bnep 17830 2 rfcomm 38139 0 parport_pc 32114 0 bluetooth 158479 10 bnep,rfcomm ppdev 12849 0 binfmt_misc 17292 1 mac_hid 13077 0 lp 17455 0 parport 40930 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp tg3 141414 0 nm-tool: NetworkManager Tool State: connected (global) - Device: eth0 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Type: Wired Driver: tg3 State: unavailable Default: no HW Address: 00:23:5A:CC:85:BD Capabilities: Carrier Detect: yes Wired Properties Carrier: off - Device: wlan0 [Dyno] -------------------------------------------------------- Type: 802.11 WiFi Driver: iwlwifi State: connected Default: yes HW Address: 00:22:FA:D0:94:CA Capabilities: Speed: 150 Mb/s Wireless Properties WEP Encryption: yes WPA Encryption: yes WPA2 Encryption: yes Wireless Access Points (* = current AP) *Dyno: Infra, CC:5D:4E:46:0A:93, Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 81 WPA2 IPv4 Settings: Address: 10.0.0.43 Prefix: 24 (255.255.255.0) Gateway: 10.0.0.1 DNS: 10.0.0.1

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• trying to setup wireless

  - by JohnMerlino

  I'm trying to set up wireless on vostro 1520 dell laptop, with latest Ubuntu install. Here's the output of some of the commands that I was told to run: lshw -C network viggy@ubuntu:~$ lshw -C network WARNING: you should run this program as super-user. *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:08:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 03 serial: 00:24:e8:da:84:25 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl_nic/rtl8168d-1.fw ip=192.168.2.6 latency=0 multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:47 ioport:3000(size=256) memory:f6004000-f6004fff memory:f6000000-f6003fff memory:f6020000-f603ffff *-network description: Network controller product: BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:0e:00.0 version: 01 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=b43-pci-bridge latency=0 resources: irq:18 memory:fa000000-fa003fff *-network DISABLED description: Wireless interface physical id: 1 logical name: wlan0 serial: 0c:60:76:05:ee:74 capabilities: ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=b43 driverversion=3.2.0-29-generic firmware=N/A multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bg lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 07) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07) 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 03) 00:1a.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 03) 00:1a.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6 (rev 03) 00:1a.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 03) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 03) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 03) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 03) 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 3 (rev 03) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 4 (rev 03) 00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 5 (rev 03) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 6 (rev 03) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 03) 00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 03) 00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 03) 00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 03) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev 93) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation ICH9M LPC Interface Controller (rev 03) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 82801IBM/IEM (ICH9M/ICH9M-E) 4 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 03) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 03) 08:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 03) 0e:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY (rev 01) 1a:00.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): O2 Micro, Inc. Device 10f7 (rev 01) 1a:00.1 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Device 8120 (rev 01) 1a:00.2 Mass storage controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Device 8130 (rev 01) iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=0 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:on eth0 no wireless extensions. At this point in time, I don't have wireless.

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