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• Automating Solaris 11 Zones Installation Using The Automated Install Server

  - by Orgad Kimchi

  Introduction How to use the Oracle Solaris 11 Automated install server in order to automate the Solaris 11 Zones installation. In this document I will demonstrate how to setup the Automated Install server in order to provide hands off installation process for the Global Zone and two Non Global Zones located on the same system. Architecture layout: Figure 1. Architecture layout Prerequisite Setup the Automated install server (AI) using the following instructions “How to Set Up Automated Installation Services for Oracle Solaris 11” The first step in this setup will be creating two Solaris 11 Zones configuration files. Step 1: Create the Solaris 11 Zones configuration files  The Solaris Zones configuration files should be in the format of the zonecfg export command. # zonecfg -z zone1 export > /var/tmp/zone1# cat /var/tmp/zone1 create -b set brand=solaris set zonepath=/rpool/zones/zone1 set autoboot=true set ip-type=exclusive add anet set linkname=net0 set lower-link=auto set configure-allowed-address=true set link-protection=mac-nospoof set mac-address=random end  Create a backup copy of this file under a different name, for example, zone2. # cp /var/tmp/zone1 /var/tmp/zone2 Modify the second configuration file with the zone2 configuration information You should change the zonepath for example: set zonepath=/rpool/zones/zone2 Step2: Copy and share the Zones configuration files  Create the NFS directory for the Zones configuration files # mkdir /export/zone_config Share the directory for the Zones configuration file # share –o ro /export/zone_config Copy the Zones configuration files into the NFS shared directory # cp /var/tmp/zone1 /var/tmp/zone2  /export/zone_config Verify that the NFS share has been created using the following command # share export_zone_config      /export/zone_config     nfs     sec=sys,ro Step 3: Add the Global Zone as client to the Install Service Use the installadm create-client command to associate client (Global Zone) with the install service To find the MAC address of a system, use the dladm command as described in the dladm(1M) man page. The following command adds the client (Global Zone) with MAC address 0:14:4f:2:a:19 to the s11x86service install service. # installadm create-client -e “0:14:4f:2:a:19" -n s11x86service You can verify the client creation using the following command # installadm list –c Service Name  Client Address     Arch   Image Path ------------  --------------     ----   ---------- s11x86service 00:14:4F:02:0A:19  i386   /export/auto_install/s11x86service We can see the client install service name (s11x86service), MAC address (00:14:4F:02:0A:19 and Architecture (i386). Step 4: Global Zone manifest setup  First, get a list of the installation services and the manifests associated with them: # installadm list -m Service Name   Manifest        Status ------------   --------        ------ default-i386   orig_default   Default s11x86service  orig_default   Default Then probe the s11x86service and the default manifest associated with it. The -m switch reflects the name of the manifest associated with a service. Since we want to capture that output into a file, we redirect the output of the command as follows: # installadm export -n s11x86service -m orig_default >  /var/tmp/orig_default.xml Create a backup copy of this file under a different name, for example, orig-default2.xml, and edit the copy. # cp /var/tmp/orig_default.xml /var/tmp/orig_default2.xml Use the configuration element in the AI manifest for the client system to specify non-global zones. Use the name attribute of the configuration element to specify the name of the zone. Use the source attribute to specify the location of the config file for the zone.The source location can be any http:// or file:// location that the client can access during installation. The following sample AI manifest specifies two Non-Global Zones: zone1 and zone2 You should replace the server_ip with the ip address of the NFS server. <!DOCTYPE auto_install SYSTEM "file:///usr/share/install/ai.dtd.1"> <auto_install>   <ai_instance>     <target>       <logical>         <zpool name="rpool" is_root="true">           <filesystem name="export" mountpoint="/export"/>           <filesystem name="export/home"/>           <be name="solaris"/>         </zpool>       </logical>     </target>     <software type="IPS">       <source>         <publisher name="solaris">           <origin name="http://pkg.oracle.com/solaris/release"/>         </publisher>       </source>       <software_data action="install">         <name>pkg:/entire@latest</name>         <name>pkg:/group/system/solaris-large-server</name>       </software_data>     </software>     <configuration type="zone" name="zone1" source="file:///net/server_ip/export/zone_config/zone1"/>     <configuration type="zone" name="zone2" source="file:///net/server_ip/export/zone_config/zone2"/>   </ai_instance> </auto_install> The following example adds the /var/tmp/orig_default2.xml AI manifest to the s11x86service install service # installadm create-manifest -n s11x86service -f /var/tmp/orig_default2.xml -m gzmanifest You can verify the manifest creation using the following command # installadm list -n s11x86service  -m Service/Manifest Name  Status   Criteria ---------------------  ------   -------- s11x86service    orig_default        Default  None    gzmanifest          Inactive None We can see from the command output that the new manifest named gzmanifest has been created and associated with the s11x86service install service. Step 5: Non Global Zone manifest setup The AI manifest for non-global zone installation is similar to the AI manifest for installing the global zone. If you do not provide a custom AI manifest for a non-global zone, the default AI manifest for Zones is used The default AI manifest for Zones is available at /usr/share/auto_install/manifest/zone_default.xml. In this example we should use the default AI manifest for zones The following sample default AI manifest for zones # cat /usr/share/auto_install/manifest/zone_default.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!--  Copyright (c) 2011, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. --> <!DOCTYPE auto_install SYSTEM "file:///usr/share/install/ai.dtd.1"> <auto_install>     <ai_instance name="zone_default">         <target>             <logical>                 <zpool name="rpool">                     <!--                       Subsequent <filesystem> entries instruct an installer                       to create following ZFS datasets:                           <root_pool>/export         (mounted on /export)                           <root_pool>/export/home    (mounted on /export/home)                       Those datasets are part of standard environment                       and should be always created.                       In rare cases, if there is a need to deploy a zone                       without these datasets, either comment out or remove                       <filesystem> entries. In such scenario, it has to be also                       assured that in case of non-interactive post-install                       configuration, creation of initial user account is                       disabled in related system configuration profile.                       Otherwise the installed zone would fail to boot.                     -->                     <filesystem name="export" mountpoint="/export"/>                     <filesystem name="export/home"/>                     <be name="solaris">                         <options>                             <option name="compression" value="on"/>                         </options>                     </be>                 </zpool>             </logical>         </target>         <software type="IPS">             <destination>                 <image>                     <!-- Specify locales to install -->                     <facet set="false">facet.locale.*</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.de</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.de_DE</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.en</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.en_US</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.es</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.es_ES</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.fr</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.fr_FR</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.it</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.it_IT</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.ja</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.ja_*</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.ko</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.ko_*</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.pt</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.pt_BR</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.zh</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.zh_CN</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.zh_TW</facet>                 </image>             </destination>             <software_data action="install">                 <name>pkg:/group/system/solaris-small-server</name>             </software_data>         </software>     </ai_instance> </auto_install> (optional) We can customize the default AI manifest for Zones Create a backup copy of this file under a different name, for example, zone_default2.xml and edit the copy # cp /usr/share/auto_install/manifest/zone_default.xml /var/tmp/zone_default2.xml Edit the copy (/var/tmp/zone_default2.xml) The following example adds the /var/tmp/zone_default2.xml AI manifest to the s11x86service install service and specifies that zone1 and zone2 should use this manifest. # installadm create-manifest -n s11x86service -f /var/tmp/zone_default2.xml -m zones_manifest -c zonename="zone1 zone2" Note: Do not use the following elements or attributes in a non-global zone AI manifest:     The auto_reboot attribute of the ai_instance element     The http_proxy attribute of the ai_instance element     The disk child element of the target element     The noswap attribute of the logical element     The nodump attribute of the logical element     The configuration element Step 6: Global Zone profile setup We are going to create a global zone configuration profile which includes the host information for example: host name, ip address name services etc… # sysconfig create-profile –o /var/tmp/gz_profile.xml You need to provide the host information for example:     Default router     Root password     DNS information The output should eventually disappear and be replaced by the initial screen of the System Configuration Tool (see Figure 2), where you can do the final configuration. Figure 2. Profile creation menu You can validate the profile using the following command # installadm validate -n s11x86service –P /var/tmp/gz_profile.xml Validating static profile gz_profile.xml...  Passed Next, instantiate a profile with the install service. In our case, use the following syntax for doing this # installadm create-profile -n s11x86service  -f /var/tmp/gz_profile.xml -p  gz_profile You can verify profile creation using the following command # installadm list –n s11x86service  -p Service/Profile Name  Criteria --------------------  -------- s11x86service    gz_profile         None We can see that the gz_profie has been created and associated with the s11x86service Install service. Step 7: Setup the Solaris Zones configuration profiles The step should be similar to the Global zone profile creation on step 6 # sysconfig create-profile –o /var/tmp/zone1_profile.xml # sysconfig create-profile –o /var/tmp/zone2_profile.xml You can validate the profiles using the following command # installadm validate -n s11x86service -P /var/tmp/zone1_profile.xml Validating static profile zone1_profile.xml...  Passed # installadm validate -n s11x86service -P /var/tmp/zone2_profile.xml Validating static profile zone2_profile.xml...  Passed Next, associate the profiles with the install service The following example adds the zone1_profile.xml configuration profile to the s11x86service  install service and specifies that zone1 should use this profile. # installadm create-profile -n s11x86service  -f  /var/tmp/zone1_profile.xml -p zone1_profile -c zonename=zone1 The following example adds the zone2_profile.xml configuration profile to the s11x86service  install service and specifies that zone2 should use this profile. # installadm create-profile -n s11x86service  -f  /var/tmp/zone2_profile.xml -p zone2_profile -c zonename=zone2 You can verify the profiles creation using the following command # installadm list -n s11x86service -p Service/Profile Name  Criteria --------------------  -------- s11x86service    zone1_profile      zonename = zone1    zone2_profile      zonename = zone2    gz_profile         None We can see that we have three profiles in the s11x86service  install service     Global Zone  gz_profile     zone1            zone1_profile     zone2            zone2_profile. Step 8: Global Zone setup Associate the global zone client with the manifest and the profile that we create in the previous steps The following example adds the manifest and profile to the client (global zone), where: gzmanifest  is the name of the manifest. gz_profile  is the name of the configuration profile. mac="0:14:4f:2:a:19" is the client (global zone) mac address s11x86service is the install service name. # installadm set-criteria -m  gzmanifest  –p  gz_profile  -c mac="0:14:4f:2:a:19" -n s11x86service You can verify the manifest and profile association using the following command # installadm list -n s11x86service -p  -m Service/Manifest Name  Status   Criteria ---------------------  ------   -------- s11x86service    gzmanifest                   mac  = 00:14:4F:02:0A:19    orig_default        Default  None Service/Profile Name  Criteria --------------------  -------- s11x86service    gz_profile         mac      = 00:14:4F:02:0A:19    zone2_profile      zonename = zone2    zone1_profile      zonename = zone1 Step 9: Provision the host with the Non-Global Zones The next step is to boot the client system off the network and provision it using the Automated Install service that we just set up. First, boot the client system. Figure 3 shows the network boot attempt (when done on an x86 system): Figure 3. Network Boot Then you will be prompted by a GRUB menu, with a timer, as shown in Figure 4. The default selection (the "Text Installer and command line" option) is highlighted.  Press the down arrow to highlight the second option labeled Automated Install, and then press Enter. The reason we need to do this is because we want to prevent a system from being automatically re-installed if it were to be booted from the network accidentally. Figure 4. GRUB Menu What follows is the continuation of a networked boot from the Automated Install server,. The client downloads a mini-root (a small set of files in which to successfully run the installer), identifies the location of the Automated Install manifest on the network, retrieves that manifest, and then processes it to identify the address of the IPS repository from which to obtain the desired software payload. Non-Global Zones are installed and configured on the first reboot after the Global Zone is installed. You can list all the Solaris Zones status using the following command # zoneadm list -civ Once the Zones are in running state you can login into the Zone using the following command # zlogin –z zone1 Troubleshooting Automated Installations If an installation to a client system failed, you can find the client log at /system/volatile/install_log. NOTE: Zones are not installed if any of the following errors occurs:     A zone config file is not syntactically correct.     A collision exists among zone names, zone paths, or delegated ZFS datasets in the set of zones to be installed     Required datasets are not configured in the global zone. For more troubleshooting information see “Installing Oracle Solaris 11 Systems” Conclusion This paper demonstrated the benefits of using the Automated Install server to simplify the Non Global Zones setup, including the creation and configuration of the global zone manifest and the Solaris Zones profiles.

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• Increase samba space on open suse 12.1

  - by Kapil Sharma

  I know linux basics but not an expert. IT guy left the job here and there is some time before new hire. So sorry if question is very basic. We have local testing server based on Open SUSE 12.1, which also act as shared drive between dev/mgmt team here and using Samba for that. Now we are running out of space on samba, even though server's 2*1TB harddisk is nearly 90% free. My question is, what is limiting Samba and how can I increase its limit? We need around at least 500 GB as shared drive but currently its just 25 GB. I don't need step by step answer, just a link to any helpful article would be sufficient. Probably I'm putting wrong keywords in google so not getting any helpful link. EDIT: Output of commands in the first comment. All commands were run as root user df -h (getting error with df -ht) Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rootfs 30G 5.1G 23G 19% / devtmpfs 2.0G 36K 2.0G 1% /dev tmpfs 2.0G 1.1M 2.0G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 2.0G 676K 2.0G 1% /run /dev/sda2 30G 5.1G 23G 19% / tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 2.0G 676K 2.0G 1% /var/run tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /media tmpfs 2.0G 676K 2.0G 1% /var/lock /dev/sda3 36G 31G 3.3G 91% /home fdisk -l /dev/[hmsv]d* Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2d4a2d49 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 16771071 8384512 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 * 16771072 79681535 31455232 83 Linux /dev/sda3 79681536 156301311 38309888 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda1: 8585 MB, 8585740288 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1043 cylinders, total 16769024 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sda2: 32.2 GB, 32210157568 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3915 cylinders, total 62910464 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/sda3: 39.2 GB, 39229325312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4769 cylinders, total 76619776 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda3 doesn't contain a valid partition table vgs No volume groups found lvs No volume groups found output of vi /etc/samba/smb.conf # smb.conf is the main Samba configuration file. You find a full commented # version at /usr/share/doc/packages/samba/examples/smb.conf.SUSE if the # samba-doc package is installed. # Date: 2011-11-02 [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP passdb backend = tdbsam printing = cups printcap name = cups printcap cache time = 750 cups options = raw map to guest = Bad User include = /etc/samba/dhcp.conf logon path = \\%L\profiles\.msprofile logon home = \\%L\%U\.9xprofile logon drive = P: usershare allow guests = Yes [homes] comment = Home Directories valid users = %S, %D%w%S browseable = No read only = No inherit acls = Yes [profiles] comment = Network Profiles Service path = %H read only = No store dos attributes = Yes create mask = 0600 directory mask = 0700 [users] comment = All users path = /home read only = No inherit acls = Yes veto files = /aquota.user/groups/shares/ [groups] comment = All groups path = /home/groups read only = No inherit acls = Yes [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/tmp printable = Yes create mask = 0600 browseable = No [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/drivers write list = @ntadmin root force group = ntadmin create mask = 0664 directory mask = 0775 [allusers] comment = All Users path = /home/shares/allusers valid users = @users force group = users create mask = 0660 directory mask = 0771 writable = yes

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• Setup access to SAS RAID drives with NTFS partitions on CentOS Machine

  - by Quanano

  We have a Dell Poweredge 2900 system with Adaptec 39320A SCSI CONTROLLER CARD and 4 SAS hard drives attached, with NTFS partitions on them. We installed CentOS on the other raid array with a different controller and it is working fine. We are now trying to access the drives shown above and they are not being shown in /dev as sdb, etc. sda is the drive that we installed centos on and it has sda1, sda2, sda3, etc. The CDROM has been picked up as well. If I scan for scsi devices then the perc and adaptec controllers are both found. sg0 is the CDROM and sg2 is the centos installed, however I think sg1 is the other drive but I cannot see anyway to mount the partitions, as only the drive is listed in /dev. Thanks. EXTRA INFO fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 72.7 GB, 72746008576 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8844 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x11e3119f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 8845 70528000 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_root: 34.4 GB, 34431041536 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4186 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_root doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_swap: 21.1 GB, 21139292160 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2570 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_swap doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_home: 16.6 GB, 16647192576 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2023 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_home doesn't contain a valid partition table These are all from the install hdd not the additional hard drives modprobe a320raid FATAL: Module a320raid not found. lsscsi -v [0:0:0:0] cd/dvd TSSTcorp CDRWDVD TS-H492C DE02 /dev/sr0 dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/0:0:0:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.1/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0] [4:0:10:0] enclosu DP BACKPLANE 1.05 - dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/4:0:10:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:0e.0/host4/target4:0:10/4:0:10:0] [4:2:0:0] disk DELL PERC 5/i 1.03 /dev/sda dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/4:2:0:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:0e.0/host4/target4:2:0/4:2:0:0] . lsmod Module Size Used by fuse 66285 0 des_generic 16604 0 ecb 2209 0 md4 3461 0 nls_utf8 1455 0 cifs 278370 0 autofs4 26888 4 ipt_REJECT 2383 0 ip6t_REJECT 4628 2 nf_conntrack_ipv6 8748 2 nf_defrag_ipv6 12182 1 nf_conntrack_ipv6 xt_state 1492 2 nf_conntrack 79453 2 nf_conntrack_ipv6,xt_state ip6table_filter 2889 1 ip6_tables 19458 1 ip6table_filter ipv6 322029 31 ip6t_REJECT,nf_conntrack_ipv6,nf_defrag_ipv6 bnx2 79618 0 ses 6859 0 enclosure 8395 1 ses dcdbas 9219 0 serio_raw 4818 0 sg 30124 0 iTCO_wdt 13662 0 iTCO_vendor_support 3088 1 iTCO_wdt i5000_edac 8867 0 edac_core 46773 3 i5000_edac i5k_amb 5105 0 shpchp 33482 0 ext4 364410 3 mbcache 8144 1 ext4 jbd2 88738 1 ext4 sd_mod 39488 3 crc_t10dif 1541 1 sd_mod sr_mod 16228 0 cdrom 39771 1 sr_mod megaraid_sas 77090 2 aic79xx 129492 0 scsi_transport_spi 26151 1 aic79xx pata_acpi 3701 0 ata_generic 3837 0 ata_piix 22846 0 radeon 1023359 1 ttm 70328 1 radeon drm_kms_helper 33236 1 radeon drm 230675 3 radeon,ttm,drm_kms_helper i2c_algo_bit 5762 1 radeon i2c_core 31276 4 radeon,drm_kms_helper,drm,i2c_algo_bit dm_mirror 14101 0 dm_region_hash 12170 1 dm_mirror dm_log 10122 2 dm_mirror,dm_region_hash dm_mod 81500 11 dm_mirror,dm_log

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• 13.10 - Weird WiFi connection problems - WMP300N - Broadcom BCM4321

  - by user1898041

  Just installed 13.10 on my desktop and I really like it. After having problems with getting the wifi to work, I installed it connected to the internet with an ethernet cable and added in the 3rd party software and updates as per the installation procedure. After installation was completed, I saw the wifi icon in the upper right hand corner, but it was not seeing any wifi networks. Some Googling brought me to use the 'Additional Drivers' application. It found the WMP300N Broadcom BDM4321 based pci wifi card and installed the proprietary Broadcom STA wireless driver, which may have been installed before. I'm not sure. Here is the weird part: when I start my system, wifi seems to be in some sort of suspended state where the system sees that the card exists but the card will not detect any wifi networks. It will work after booting once I 'Additional Drivers' application and then start FireFox. I know it seems weird, but this is the process I've got down to get the card to recognize wifi networks. After those applications are open for a few seconds, the card starts to function like normal (although maintaining the wifi connection is problem but most likely a seperate issue). The reason this is a problem is because this is supposed to just be a headless box managed through SSH. Here are the readouts from the common network diagnosis programs BEFORE I open 'Additional Drivers' and 'FireFox'. All commands were done with sudo. lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express DRAM Controller (rev 03) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express PCI Express Root Port (rev 03) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02) 00:1a.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 02) 00:1a.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6 (rev 02) 00:1a.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 02) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 02) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02) 00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 5 (rev 02) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 6 (rev 02) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02) 00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02) 00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02) 00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 02) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev 92) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801IR (ICH9R) LPC Interface Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 82801IR/IO/IH (ICH9R/DO/DH) 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 02) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 02) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GT216 [GeForce GT 220] (rev a2) 01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1) 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Qualcomm Atheros Attansic L1 Gigabit Ethernet (rev b0) 03:00.0 IDE interface: JMicron Technology Corp. JMB368 IDE controller 05:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4321 802.11b/g/n (rev 01) 05:03.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): VIA Technologies, Inc. VT6306/7/8 [Fire II(M)] IEEE 1394 OHCI Controller (rev c0) - lshw *-network description: Ethernet interface product: Attansic L1 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Qualcomm Atheros physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: b0 serial: 00:22:15:00:a8:12 capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1 driverversion=2.1.3 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:46 memory:feac0000-feafffff memory:feaa0000-feabffff *-network description: Wireless interface product: BCM4321 802.11b/g/n vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 01 serial: 00:23:69:d8:2b:16 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: bus_master ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=6.30.223.141 (r415941) latency=64 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abg resources: irq:16 memory:febfc000-febfffff - ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:15:00:a8:12 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:23:69:d8:2b:16 inet6 addr: fe80::223:69ff:fed8:2b16/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:16 Base address:0xc000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1856 (1.8 KB) TX bytes:1856 (1.8 KB) - iwconfig eth1 IEEE 802.11abg ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=200 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:off - iwlist scan eth1 No scan results - Here are the various commands AFTER I open 'Additional Drivers' and 'FireFox' lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express DRAM Controller (rev 03) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express PCI Express Root Port (rev 03) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02) 00:1a.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 02) 00:1a.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6 (rev 02) 00:1a.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 02) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 02) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02) 00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 5 (rev 02) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 6 (rev 02) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02) 00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02) 00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02) 00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 02) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev 92) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801IR (ICH9R) LPC Interface Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 82801IR/IO/IH (ICH9R/DO/DH) 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 02) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 02) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GT216 [GeForce GT 220] (rev a2) 01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1) 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Qualcomm Atheros Attansic L1 Gigabit Ethernet (rev b0) 03:00.0 IDE interface: JMicron Technology Corp. JMB368 IDE controller 05:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4321 802.11b/g/n (rev 01) 05:03.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): VIA Technologies, Inc. VT6306/7/8 [Fire II(M)] IEEE 1394 OHCI Controller (rev c0) - lshw *-network description: Ethernet interface product: Attansic L1 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Qualcomm Atheros physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: b0 serial: 00:22:15:00:a8:12 capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1 driverversion=2.1.3 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:46 memory:feac0000-feafffff memory:feaa0000-feabffff *-network description: Wireless interface product: BCM4321 802.11b/g/n vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 01 serial: 00:23:69:d8:2b:16 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: bus_master ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=6.30.223.141 (r415941) ip=192.168.1.103 latency=64 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abg resources: irq:16 memory:febfc000-febfffff - ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:15:00:a8:12 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:23:69:d8:2b:16 inet addr:192.168.1.103 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::223:69ff:fed8:2b16/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:85 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:11901 TX packets:132 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:52641 (52.6 KB) TX bytes:19058 (19.0 KB) Interrupt:16 Base address:0xc000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:76 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:76 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:6084 (6.0 KB) TX bytes:6084 (6.0 KB) - iwconfig eth1 IEEE 802.11abg ESSID:"BU" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.447 GHz Access Point: 00:26:F2:1F:81:02 Bit Rate=54 Mb/s Tx-Power=200 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:off Link Quality=59/70 Signal level=-51 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 - iwlist scan A LOT OF SSIDs FOUND! - I'd like to have this problem fixed, but I'm not quite sure where to go. Been Googling a lot and can't seem to find anyone else with this problem.

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• Thread placement policies on NUMA systems - update

  - by Dave

  In a prior blog entry I noted that Solaris used a "maximum dispersal" placement policy to assign nascent threads to their initial processors. The general idea is that threads should be placed as far away from each other as possible in the resource topology in order to reduce resource contention between concurrently running threads. This policy assumes that resource contention -- pipelines, memory channel contention, destructive interference in the shared caches, etc -- will likely outweigh (a) any potential communication benefits we might achieve by packing our threads more densely onto a subset of the NUMA nodes, and (b) benefits of NUMA affinity between memory allocated by one thread and accessed by other threads. We want our threads spread widely over the system and not packed together. Conceptually, when placing a new thread, the kernel picks the least loaded node NUMA node (the node with lowest aggregate load average), and then the least loaded core on that node, etc. Furthermore, the kernel places threads onto resources -- sockets, cores, pipelines, etc -- without regard to the thread's process membership. That is, initial placement is process-agnostic. Keep reading, though. This description is incorrect. On Solaris 10 on a SPARC T5440 with 4 x T2+ NUMA nodes, if the system is otherwise unloaded and we launch a process that creates 20 compute-bound concurrent threads, then typically we'll see a perfect balance with 5 threads on each node. We see similar behavior on an 8-node x86 x4800 system, where each node has 8 cores and each core is 2-way hyperthreaded. So far so good; this behavior seems in agreement with the policy I described in the 1st paragraph. I recently tried the same experiment on a 4-node T4-4 running Solaris 11. Both the T5440 and T4-4 are 4-node systems that expose 256 logical thread contexts. To my surprise, all 20 threads were placed onto just one NUMA node while the other 3 nodes remained completely idle. I checked the usual suspects such as processor sets inadvertently left around by colleagues, processors left offline, and power management policies, but the system was configured normally. I then launched multiple concurrent instances of the process, and, interestingly, all the threads from the 1st process landed on one node, all the threads from the 2nd process landed on another node, and so on. This happened even if I interleaved thread creating between the processes, so I was relatively sure the effect didn't related to thread creation time, but rather that placement was a function of process membership. I this point I consulted the Solaris sources and talked with folks in the Solaris group. The new Solaris 11 behavior is intentional. The kernel is no longer using a simple maximum dispersal policy, and thread placement is process membership-aware. Now, even if other nodes are completely unloaded, the kernel will still try to pack new threads onto the home lgroup (socket) of the primordial thread until the load average of that node reaches 50%, after which it will pick the next least loaded node as the process's new favorite node for placement. On the T4-4 we have 64 logical thread contexts (strands) per socket (lgroup), so if we launch 48 concurrent threads we will find 32 placed on one node and 16 on some other node. If we launch 64 threads we'll find 32 and 32. That means we can end up with our threads clustered on a small subset of the nodes in a way that's quite different that what we've seen on Solaris 10. So we have a policy that allows process-aware packing but reverts to spreading threads onto other nodes if a node becomes too saturated. It turns out this policy was enabled in Solaris 10, but certain bugs suppressed the mixed packing/spreading behavior. There are configuration variables in /etc/system that allow us to dial the affinity between nascent threads and their primordial thread up and down: see lgrp_expand_proc_thresh, specifically. In the OpenSolaris source code the key routine is mpo_update_tunables(). This method reads the /etc/system variables and sets up some global variables that will subsequently be used by the dispatcher, which calls lgrp_choose() in lgrp.c to place nascent threads. Lgrp_expand_proc_thresh controls how loaded an lgroup must be before we'll consider homing a process's threads to another lgroup. Tune this value lower to have it spread your process's threads out more. To recap, the 'new' policy is as follows. Threads from the same process are packed onto a subset of the strands of a socket (50% for T-series). Once that socket reaches the 50% threshold the kernel then picks another preferred socket for that process. Threads from unrelated processes are spread across sockets. More precisely, different processes may have different preferred sockets (lgroups). Beware that I've simplified and elided details for the purposes of explication. The truth is in the code. Remarks: It's worth noting that initial thread placement is just that. If there's a gross imbalance between the load on different nodes then the kernel will migrate threads to achieve a better and more even distribution over the set of available nodes. Once a thread runs and gains some affinity for a node, however, it becomes "stickier" under the assumption that the thread has residual cache residency on that node, and that memory allocated by that thread resides on that node given the default "first-touch" page-level NUMA allocation policy. Exactly how the various policies interact and which have precedence under what circumstances could the topic of a future blog entry. The scheduler is work-conserving. The x4800 mentioned above is an interesting system. Each of the 8 sockets houses an Intel 7500-series processor. Each processor has 3 coherent QPI links and the system is arranged as a glueless 8-socket twisted ladder "mobius" topology. Nodes are either 1 or 2 hops distant over the QPI links. As an aside the mapping of logical CPUIDs to physical resources is rather interesting on Solaris/x4800. On SPARC/Solaris the CPUID layout is strictly geographic, with the highest order bits identifying the socket, the next lower bits identifying the core within that socket, following by the pipeline (if present) and finally the logical thread context ("strand") on the core. But on Solaris on the x4800 the CPUID layout is as follows. [6:6] identifies the hyperthread on a core; bits [5:3] identify the socket, or package in Intel terminology; bits [2:0] identify the core within a socket. Such low-level details should be of interest only if you're binding threads -- a bad idea, the kernel typically handles placement best -- or if you're writing NUMA-aware code that's aware of the ambient placement and makes decisions accordingly. Solaris introduced the so-called critical-threads mechanism, which is expressed by putting a thread into the FX scheduling class at priority 60. The critical-threads mechanism applies to placement on cores, not on sockets, however. That is, it's an intra-socket policy, not an inter-socket policy. Solaris 11 introduces the Power Aware Dispatcher (PAD) which packs threads instead of spreading them out in an attempt to be able to keep sockets or cores at lower power levels. Maximum dispersal may be good for performance but is anathema to power management. PAD is off by default, but power management polices constitute yet another confounding factor with respect to scheduling and dispatching. If your threads communicate heavily -- one thread reads cache lines last written by some other thread -- then the new dense packing policy may improve performance by reducing traffic on the coherent interconnect. On the other hand if your threads in your process communicate rarely, then it's possible the new packing policy might result on contention on shared computing resources. Unfortunately there's no simple litmus test that says whether packing or spreading is optimal in a given situation. The answer varies by system load, application, number of threads, and platform hardware characteristics. Currently we don't have the necessary tools and sensoria to decide at runtime, so we're reduced to an empirical approach where we run trials and try to decide on a placement policy. The situation is quite frustrating. Relatedly, it's often hard to determine just the right level of concurrency to optimize throughput. (Understanding constructive vs destructive interference in the shared caches would be a good start. We could augment the lines with a small tag field indicating which strand last installed or accessed a line. Given that, we could augment the CPU with performance counters for misses where a thread evicts a line it installed vs misses where a thread displaces a line installed by some other thread.)

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• MS Office SharePoint Server 2007 UI language change

  - by Alexander

  There is an existing app in MOSS, which allows to create polls for a call center, operators fill them out as they call targeted customers. Then this Web app outputs the results of this poll. Is it possible to change the interface language of this existing web app? Operators don't understand English. If it's not about language packs, it would still be easier for me to embed new names and labels, rather than rewrite in a system I am not familiar with. Also, is it possible to change the authentication type from Windows authentication to regular username/password check (username and password will be stored in DB or somewhere only for this site) If it is possible, can you direct me to some kind of tutorial, help or manual which would show how to do it? On MSDN it's written that language can't be changed, but I'm not sure whether it's about the Web app language. Thank you.

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• Reading Source Code Aloud

  - by Jon Purdy

  After seeing this question, I got to thinking about the various challenges that blind programmers face, and how some of them are applicable even to sighted programmers. Particularly, the problem of reading source code aloud gives me pause. I have been programming for most of my life, and I frequently tutor fellow students in programming, most often in C++ or Java. It is uniquely aggravating to try to verbally convey the essential syntax of a C++ expression. The speaker must give either an idiomatic translation into English, or a full specification of the code in verbal longhand, using explicit yet slow terms such as "opening parenthesis", "bitwise and", et cetera. Neither of these solutions is optimal. On the one hand, an idiomatic translation is only useful to a programmer who can de-translate back into the relevant programming code—which is not usually the case when tutoring a student. In turn, education (or simply getting someone up to speed on a project) is the most common situation in which source is read aloud, and there is a very small margin for error. On the other hand, a literal specification is aggravatingly slow. It takes far far longer to say "pound, include, left angle bracket, iostream, right angle bracket, newline" than it does to simply type #include <iostream>. Indeed, most experienced C++ programmers would read this merely as "include iostream", but again, inexperienced programmers abound and literal specifications are sometimes necessary. So I've had an idea for a potential solution to this problem. In C++, there is a finite set of keywords—63—and operators—54, discounting named operators and treating compound assignment operators and prefix versus postfix auto-increment and decrement as distinct. There are just a few types of literal, a similar number of grouping symbols, and the semicolon. Unless I'm utterly mistaken, that's about it. So would it not then be feasible to simply ascribe a concise, unique pronunciation to each of these distinct concepts (including one for whitespace, where it is required) and go from there? Programming languages are far more regular than natural languages, so the pronunciation could be standardised. Speakers of any language would be able to verbally convey C++ code, and due to the regularity and fixity of the language, speech-to-text software could be optimised to accept C++ speech with a high degree of accuracy. So my question is twofold: first, is my solution feasible; and second, does anyone else have other potential solutions? I intend to take suggestions from here and use them to produce a formal paper with an example implementation of my solution.

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• Difference between >>> and >>

  - by Vipul

  I am asking difference between the operators in java.

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• Class template specializations with shared functionality

  - by Thomas

  I'm writing a simple maths library with a template vector type: template<typename T, size_t N> class Vector { public: Vector<T, N> &operator+=(Vector<T, N> const &other); // ... more operators, functions ... }; Now I want some additional functionality specifically for some of these. Let's say I want functions x() and y() on Vector<T, 2> to access particular coordinates. I could create a partial specialization for this: template<typename T> class Vector<T, 3> { public: Vector<T, 3> &operator+=(Vector<T, 3> const &other); // ... and again all the operators and functions ... T x() const; T y() const; }; But now I'm repeating everything that already existed in the generic template. I could also use inheritance. Renaming the generic template to VectorBase, I could do this: template<typename T, size_t N> class Vector : public VectorBase<T, N> { }; template<typename T> class Vector<T, 3> : public VectorBase<T, 3> { public: T x() const; T y() const; }; However, now the problem is that all operators are defined on VectorBase, so they return VectorBase instances. These cannot be assigned to Vector variables: Vector<float, 3> v; Vector<float, 3> w; w = 5 * v; // error: no conversion from VectorBase<float, 3> to Vector<float, 3> I could give Vector an implicit conversion constructor to make this possible: template<typename T, size_t N> class Vector : public VectorBase<T, N> { public: Vector(VectorBase<T, N> const &other); }; However, now I'm converting from Vector to VectorBase and back again. Even though the types are the same in memory, and the compiler might optimize all this away, it feels clunky and I don't really like to have potential run-time overhead for what is essentially a compile-time problem. Is there any other way to solve this?

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• Aggregate functions in ANSI SQL

  - by morpheous

  I want to use multiple aggregate functions in a query. All the examples i have seem on aggregate functions however, are trivial. Typically, they are of the form: SELECT field1,agg_func1, agg_func2 GROUP BY SOME_COLUMNS HAVING agg_func1 OP SOME_SCALAR Where: OP: is a boolean operator (e.g. <, = etc) SOME_SCALAR: is a scalar (i.e. a constant number) What I want to know is if it is possible to write (IN ANSI SQL) queries like: SELECT field1,agg_func1, agg_func2, agg_func3 GROUP BY SOME_COLUMNS HAVING (agg_func1 OP1 agg_func2) OP2 (agg_func2 OP3 agg_func3) Where: OP[N] are boolean operators or ANSI SQL clause operators like 'BETWEEN', 'LIKE', 'IN' etc. Also, assuming this is possible (I have not seen any documentation saying otherwise) are there any efficiency/performance considerations (i.e. penalties) when the HAVING clause consists of a boolean expression combining the output of the aggregate functions - instead of the normal comparison of the output of the aggregate with a constant number (e.g. min('salary') 100 ) - which is often used in the most banal examples involving aggregate functions?

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• Where would I use a bitwise operator in JavaScript?

  - by J-P

  I've read this (http://stackoverflow.com/quest...), so I know what bitwise operators are but I'm still not clear on how one might use them... Can anyone offer any real-world examples of where a bitwise operator would be useful in JavaScript? Thanks. Edit: Just digging into the jQuery source I've found a couple of places where bitwise operators are used, for example: (only the & operator) // Line 2756: event.which = (event.button & 1 ? 1 : ( event.button & 2 ? 3 : ( event.button & 4 ? 2 : 0 ) )); // Line 2101 var ret = a.compareDocumentPosition(b) & 4 ? -1 : a === b ? 0 : 1;

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• distinguishing a string with flex

  - by haluk

  Hi, I need to tokenize some strings which will be splitted of according to operators like = and !=. I was successful using regex until the string has != operator. In my case, string was seperated into two parts, which is expected but ! mark is in the left side even it is part of given operator. Therefore, I believe that regex is not suitable for it and I want to benefit from lex. Since I do not have enough knowledge and experience with lex, I am not sure whether it fits my work or not. Basically, I am trying to do replace the right hand side of the operators with actual values from other data. Do you people think that can it be helpful for my case? Thanks.

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• C++ union assignment, is there a good way to do this?

  - by Sqeaky

  I am working on a project with a library and I must work with unions. Specifically I am working with SDL and the SDL_Event union. I need to make copies of the SDL_Events, and I could find no good information on overloading assignment operators with unions. Provided that I can overload the assignment operator, should I manually sift through the union members and copy the pertinent members or can I simply come some members (this seems dangerous to me), or maybe just use memcpy() (this seems simple and fast, but slightly dangerous)? If I can't overload operators what would my best options be from there? I guess I could make new copies and pass around a bunch of pointers, but in this situation I would prefer not to do that. Any ideas welcome!

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• what is the kind of spaces in java?

  - by androidbase Praveen

  what is difference of below operators for spaces? \t, \n, \x0B, \f and \r.

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• How to prompt user input parameters for SQL Queries in Access 2010

  - by user1848907

  SELECT Transactions.TransactionNumber FROM Transactions WHERE (((Transactions.Date)>=#11/23/12#)) AND (((Transactions.Date)<=#11/23/12#)); The above code returns all the transaction that happened between the specified dates. But I want those dates to be defined by the user every time the query is executed. I tried using the [] operators to have the user define the criteria in the WHERE, something like this: WHERE (((Transactions.Date)>=[Input a Date])) AND (((Transactions.Date)<=[Input a Date])); But microsoft Access throws a Syntax error message. The same happens when I include the # (date operators) like this WHERE (((Transactions.Date)>=#[Input a Date]#)) AND (((Transactions.Date)<=#[Input a Date]#)); Is there anopther way to manage dates that I'm not aware of or is asking a user for dates in a query out of the question

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• CSS Equivalent of the "if" statement

  - by Qutbuddin Kamaal

  Is there any way to use conditional operators in CSS?

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• Real world examples of Ecmascript functions returning a Reference?

  - by Bergi

  Read the EcmaScript specification, section 8.7 The Reference Specification Type: The Reference type is used to explain the behaviour of such operators as delete, typeof, and the assignment operators. […] A Reference is a resolved name binding. Function calls are permitted to return references. This possibility is admitted purely for the sake of host objects. No built-in ECMAScript function defined by this specification returns a reference and there is no provision for a user-defined function to return a reference. Those last two sentences impressed me. With this, you could do things like coolHostFn() = value (valid syntax, btw). So my question is: Are there any EcmaScript implementations that define host function objects which result in Reference values?

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• Modify a given number to find the required sum?

  - by Gaurav

  A friend of mine sent me this question. I haven't really been able to come up with any kind of algorithm to solve this problem. You are provided with a no. say 123456789 and two operators * and +. Now without changing the sequence of the provided no. and using these operators as many times as you wish, evaluate the given value: eg: given value 2097 Solution: 1+2+345*6+7+8+9 Any ideas on how to approach problems like these?

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• c++ property class structure

  - by Without me Its just Aweso

  I have a c++ project being developed in QT. The problem I'm running in to is I am wanting to have a single base class that all my property classes inherit from so that I can store them all together. Right now I have: class AbstractProperty { public: AbstractProperty(QString propertyName); virtual QString toString() const = 0; virtual QString getName() = 0; virtual void fromString(QString str) = 0; virtual int toInteger() = 0; virtual bool operator==(const AbstractProperty &rightHand) = 0; virtual bool operator!=(const AbstractProperty &rightHand) = 0; virtual bool operator<(const AbstractProperty &rightHand) = 0; virtual bool operator>(const AbstractProperty &rightHand) = 0; virtual bool operator>=(const AbstractProperty &rightHand) = 0; virtual bool operator<=(const AbstractProperty &rightHand) = 0; protected: QString name; }; then I am implementing classes such as PropertyFloat and PropertyString and providing implementation for the comparator operators based on the assumption that only strings are being compared with strings and so on. However the problem with this is there would be no compiletime error thrown if i did if(propertyfloat a < propertystring b) however my implementation of the operators for each derived class relies on them both being the same derived class. So my problem is I cant figure out how to implement a property structure so that I can have them all inherit from some base type but code like what I have above would throw a compile time error. Any ideas on how this can be done? For those familiar with QT I tried using also a implementation with QVariant however QVariant doesn't have operators < and defined in itself only in some of its derived classes so it didn't work out. What my end goal is, is to be able to generically refer to properties. I have an element class that holds a hashmap of properties with string 'name' as key and the AbstractProperty as value. I want to be able to generically operate on the properties. i.e. if I want to get the max and min values of a property given its string name I have methods that are completely generic that will pull out the associated AbstactProperty from each element and find the max/min no matter what the type is. so properties although initially declared as PropertyFloat/PropertyString they will be held generically.

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• securing a webservice for use from a custom iphone app only

  - by mme

  I want to create an iphone application which consists of two parts: The app itself and a server side component. On a users request, the app sends data to the server which is to be handled by human operators. To prevent abuse from an iphone app user, the id of the iphone is sent along with the request, and the operators can blacklist pranksters to deny their iphone access to the service. So far so good. Now the problem is: Someone could easily discover the address of the serverside component, and write a script to send bogus requests, using multiple IP addresses etc. So my question is: how can I defend myself against this? Captchas to protect against scripted attacks or requiring the user to register himself are not an option for this particular application. If I had control of the download, I would associate a unique ID with each downloaded app, but obviously this is not an option with the appstore. What would be your approach to make the server side part more secure?

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• Testing what a String token holds

  - by Yiwei Gao

  I am making a calculator and part of this program takes in user String input and tokenizes it (using my own implementation of a Tokenizer class). So now I have a bunch of Token objects and I would like to test each one of them to see if they hold numbers or operators. Is there a way to test to see if they hold operators (ie. +, -, *, /, =, (, ), etc.) without using if (token.equals("+") || token.equals("-") || ... and so on, for each operator? These Token objects are all of type String.

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• BIP BIServer Query Debug

  - by Tim Dexter

  With some help from Bryan, I have uncovered a way of being able to debug or at least log what BIServer is doing when BIP sends it a query request. This is not for those of you querying the database directly but if you are using the BIServer and its datamodel to fetch data for a BIP report. If you have written or used the query builder against BIServer and when you run the report it chokes with a cryptic message, that you have no clue about, read on. When BIP runs a piece of BIServer logical SQL to fetch data. It does not appear to validate it, it just passes it through, so what is BIServer doing on its end? As you may know, you are not writing regular physical sql its actually logical sql e.g. select Jobs."Job Title" as "Job Title", Employees."Last Name" as "Last Name", Employees.Salary as Salary, Locations."Department Name" as "Department Name", Locations."Country Name" as "Country Name", Locations."Region Name" as "Region Name" from HR.Locations Locations, HR.Employees Employees, HR.Jobs Jobs The tables might not even be a physical tables, we don't care, that's what the BIServer and its model are for. You have put all the effort into building the model, just go get me the data from where ever it might be. The BIServer takes the logical sql and uses its vast brain to work out what the physical SQL is, executes it and passes the result back to BIP. select distinct T32556.JOB_TITLE as c1, T32543.LAST_NAME as c2, T32543.SALARY as c3, T32537.DEPARTMENT_NAME as c4, T32532.COUNTRY_NAME as c5, T32577.REGION_NAME as c6 from JOBS T32556, REGIONS T32577, COUNTRIES T32532, LOCATIONS T32569, DEPARTMENTS T32537, EMPLOYEES T32543 where ( T32532.COUNTRY_ID = T32569.COUNTRY_ID and T32532.REGION_ID = T32577.REGION_ID and T32537.DEPARTMENT_ID = T32543.DEPARTMENT_ID and T32537.LOCATION_ID = T32569.LOCATION_ID and T32543.JOB_ID = T32556.JOB_ID ) Not a very tough example I know but you get the idea. How do I know what the BIServer is up to? How can I find out what the issue might be if BIServer chokes on my query? There are a couple of steps: In the Administrator tool you need to set the logging level for the Administrator user to something greater than the default '0'. '7' is going to give you the max. Just remember to take it back down after you have finished the debug. I needed to bounce my BIServer service Now here's the secret sauce. Prefix the following to your BIP query set variable LOGLEVEL = 7; Set the log level to that you have in the admin tool Now run your BIP report. With the prefix in place; BIServer will write to the NQQuery.log file. This is located in the ./OracleBI/server/Log directory. In there you are going to find the complete process the BIServer has gone through to try and get the data back for you A quick note, if the BIServer can, its going to hit that great BIEE cache to get your data and you may not see the full log. IF this is the case. Get inot hte Administration page (via the browser login) and clear out your BIP report cursor. Then re-run. This will hopefully help out if you are trying to debug that annoying BIP report that will not run or is getting some strange data. Don't forget to turn that logging level back down once you are done. This will avoid the DBA screaming at you for sucking up all the disk space on the system.

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• PENGUIN IS GETTING READY FOR ORACLE OPENWORLD 2012

  - by Zeynep Koch

  Are you looking for reasons to attend Oracle Openworld, how about below Oracle Linux sessions and hands-on-labs.  1. General Session: Oracle Linux Strategy and Roadmap  In this session, Oracle executives will discuss Linux strategy; the roadmap; contributions to the Linux mainline kernel; and what's in store for upcoming releases of Oracle Linux and the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel. Don’t miss this session. 2. New Features in Oracle Linux- A Technical Deep Dive Collaborating with the Linux community, Oracle engineers contribute to advancing Linux for mission-critical deployments. In this technical session, attendees will learn about the recent developments in Oracle Linux and the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 3. Why Switch to Oracle Linux?  Oracle is the only company that provides a complete Linux solution from applications to disk, fully optimized for Oracle hardware and software, with one-stop support. In this session you will hear from two customers that have successfully implemented Oracle Linux and saved 50 to 90 percent on Linux support costs as well as the reasons to switch to Oracle Linux. 4. Debugging and Configuration Best Practices for Oracle Linux This is one of our best attended sessions and most informative. In this best practices session, learn how to save time and money while preventing headaches and hassles. Discover expert secrets to get your Linux systems up and running (and keep them running), avoid common pitfalls, prevent problems, and circumvent known issues. 5. Top Technical Tips for Automatic and Secure Oracle Linux Deployments In this session, attendees will learn about how to easily deploy and install Oracle Linux systems using various technologies like Kickstart, Oracle Enterprise Manager OpsCenter, and Oracle VM Templates for applications on Linux. Additionally, the session will share useful Linux security tips and introduce utilities to help with hardening and securely operating an Oracle Linux system. We also have a great session in Oracle Develop track: 6. DTrace for Oracle Linux Initially announced at last year's Oracle Openworld, DTrace for Oracle Linux is now available for the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel R.2. In this session held by one of the engineers working on the DTrace for Linux port, you will learn how you can use this powerful and flexible framework in your development environment. If you prefer to really have practical experience, don’t miss our two Hands-on-Labs where we will cover: HOL-1 : Oracle Linux Package Management: Configuring and Enabling Services In this session you will be Installing and configuring Oracle VM VirtualBox, importing the Oracle Linux virtual appliance. You will then use the package management on Oracle Linux using RPM and yum. You will also be able to review Ksplice, zero downtime kernel updates that enable you to apply security updates, patches and critical bug fixes without rebooting. HOL-2: Oracle Linux Storage Management with LVM and Device Mapper In this session you will learn about storage management with LVM2, the Linux Logical Volume Manager, Btrfs, preparing block devices, creating physical and logical volumes, creating file systems on top of logical volumes, and resizing file systems dynamically. You will also practice setting up software RAID devices, configuring encrypted block devices. You will also see Oracle Linux and Kpslice in the three demopods we will feature at Exhibition demogrounds. One in MySQL Connect and two in Oracle Openworld. What more do you need to come to San Francisco? Oh, I forgot to mention we also have great weather in fall.. Check out the Content Catalog and register to attend Oracle Linux sessions.

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• Abstraction, Politics, and Software Architecture

  Abstraction can be defined as a general concept and/or idea that lack any concrete details. Throughout history this type of thinking has led to an array of new ideas and innovations as well as increased confusion and conspiracy. If one was to look back at our history they will see that abstraction has been used in various forms throughout our past. When I was growing up I do not know how many times I heard politicians say “Leave no child left behind” or “No child left behind” as a major part of their campaign rhetoric in regards to a stance on education. As you can see their slogan is a perfect example of abstraction because it only offers a very general concept about improving our education system but they do not mention how they would like to do it. If they did then they would be adding concrete details to their abstraction thus turning it in to an actual working plan as to how we as a society can help children succeed in school and in life, but then they would not be using abstraction. By now I sure you are thinking what does abstraction have to do with software architecture. You are valid in thinking this way, but abstraction is a wonderful tool used in information technology especially in the world of software architecture. Abstraction is one method of extracting the concepts of an idea so that it can be understood and discussed by others of varying technical abilities and backgrounds. One ways in which I tend to extract my architectural design thoughts is through the use of basic diagrams to convey an idea for a system or a new feature for an existing application. This allows me to generically model an architectural design through the use of views and Unified Markup Language (UML). UML is a standard method for creating a 4+1 Architectural View Models. The 4+1 Architectural View Model consists of 4 views typically created with UML as well as a general description of the concept that is being expressed by a model. The 4+1 Architectural View Model: Logical View: Models a system’s end-user functionality. Development View: Models a system as a collection of components and connectors to illustrate how it is intended to be developed.  Process View: Models the interaction between system components and connectors as to indicate the activities of a system. Physical View: Models the placement of the collection of components and connectors of a system within a physical environment. Recently I had to use the concept of abstraction to express an idea for implementing a new security framework on an existing website. My concept would add session based management in order to properly secure and allow page access based on valid user credentials and last user activity.  I created a basic Process View by using UML diagrams to communicate the basic process flow of my changes in the application so that all of the projects stakeholders would be able to understand my idea. Additionally I created a Logical View on a whiteboard while conveying the process workflow with a few stakeholders to show how end-user will be affected by the new framework and gaining additional input about the design. After my Logical and Process Views were accepted I then started on creating a more detailed Development View in order to map how the system will be built based on the concept of components and connections based on the previously defined interactions. I really did not need to create a Physical view for this idea because we were updating an existing system that was already deployed based on an existing Physical View. What do you think about the use of abstraction in the development of software architecture? Please let me know.

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• Columnstore Case Study #1: MSIT SONAR Aggregations

  - by aspiringgeek

  Preamble This is the first in a series of posts documenting big wins encountered using columnstore indexes in SQL Server 2012 & 2014.  Many of these can be found in this deck along with details such as internals, best practices, caveats, etc.  The purpose of sharing the case studies in this context is to provide an easy-to-consume quick-reference alternative. Why Columnstore? If we’re looking for a subset of columns from one or a few rows, given the right indexes, SQL Server can do a superlative job of providing an answer. If we’re asking a question which by design needs to hit lots of rows—DW, reporting, aggregations, grouping, scans, etc., SQL Server has never had a good mechanism—until columnstore. Columnstore indexes were introduced in SQL Server 2012. However, they're still largely unknown. Some adoption blockers existed; yet columnstore was nonetheless a game changer for many apps.  In SQL Server 2014, potential blockers have been largely removed & they're going to profoundly change the way we interact with our data.  The purpose of this series is to share the performance benefits of columnstore & documenting columnstore is a compelling reason to upgrade to SQL Server 2014. App: MSIT SONAR Aggregations At MSIT, performance & configuration data is captured by SCOM. We archive much of the data in a partitioned data warehouse table in SQL Server 2012 for reporting via an application called SONAR.  By definition, this is a primary use case for columnstore—report queries requiring aggregation over large numbers of rows.  New data is refreshed each night by an automated table partitioning mechanism—a best practices scenario for columnstore. The Win Compared to performance using classic indexing which resulted in the expected query plan selection including partition elimination vs. SQL Server 2012 nonclustered columnstore, query performance increased significantly.  Logical reads were reduced by over a factor of 50; both CPU & duration improved by factors of 20 or more.  Other than creating the columnstore index, no special modifications or tweaks to the app or databases schema were necessary to achieve the performance improvements.  Existing nonclustered indexes were rendered superfluous & were deleted, thus mitigating maintenance challenges such as defragging as well as conserving disk capacity. Details The table provides the raw data & summarizes the performance deltas. Logical Reads (8K pages) CPU (ms) Durn (ms) Columnstore 160,323 20,360 9,786 Conventional Table & Indexes 9,053,423 549,608 193,903 ? x56 x27 x20 The charts provide additional perspective of this data.  "Conventional vs. Columnstore Metrics" document the raw data.  Note on this linear display the magnitude of the conventional index performance vs. columnstore.  The “Metrics (?)” chart expresses these values as a ratio. Summary For DW, reports, & other BI workloads, columnstore often provides significant performance enhancements relative to conventional indexing.  I have documented here, the first in a series of reports on columnstore implementations, results from an initial implementation at MSIT in which logical reads were reduced by over a factor of 50; both CPU & duration improved by factors of 20 or more.  Subsequent features in this series document performance enhancements that are even more significant. 

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