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• Convince developer to use IDE

  - by artjom

  There is a developer, lets call him John (currently on probationary period) in company(pretty small company approx. 10 persons, 3 developers, one of them works long in this company know business process around and can be consider as Team leader) who didn't want to use any IDE at all(he is using some text editor). Application this team working on is medium size Java application with Spring Hibernate technology stack and refactoring/adding new features to launch new version of that application in near future. John performance working without IDE on this application is lower then desirable, team leader's (lets call him Bill) assumption is this happens because John is not using IDE. Bill try to persuade John to use IDE, but this idea meets a lot of resistance and main reason is "I want to be in total control of what I am doing, so I need to write all code by myself". How can Bill convince John to try to use IDE? (considering the fact what Bill already protected John from company owner several complaints about John performance)

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• Should each app have its own database, or should small apps be merged into one?

  - by King

  We have a bunch of small to medium sized apps, each of which has its own database (MSSQL Server). There was a suggestion that we consoldate the 'related' databases into a smaller set amount of larger databases. They don't particularly share a lot of data, they would just be under a similar business group. For example, using a 'Finance' DB to hold the tables and procedures for finance apps. Would it be appropriate to use a different schema for each app? E.g. App1.SomeTable App1.SomeOtherTable AppTwo.SomeTable What are the pros and cons of this approach? What should I watch out for? Thanks

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• Getting fingerprint from Apache certificate (combined with key)

  - by Alois Mahdal

  I have just created a certificate for my Apache SSL host using: make-ssl-cert /usr/share/ssl-cert/ssleay.cnf /etc/ssl/private/myhost.crt Now that is the correct way to get the fingerprint out of it? (So I can keep it in other place for visual comparison---in case I need to connect and really don't trust the network?) openssl sha1 /etc/ssl/private/myhost.crt returns different SHA1 than Opera tells me about the cert. Is this because it's combined with the key? (...or am I spoofed already? :-)).

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• 12/14 IDC Webcast on Insurance Distribution Strategies -- Manage Data and Engage Customers

  - by charles.knapp

  The insurance industry faces unprecedented challenges from new competition, more rigorous regulatory obligations, tighter capital restrictions, and more demanding customers. The winners will be those insurers that can successfully manage complex and disparate data resources to engage successfully with their customers, building trust through outstanding, multi-channel customer service with the insurer and its agents. At the heart of all these issues is the ability of insurers to engage directly with agents and customers using their preferred channels; measure risk and profitability accurately, and quickly to enable swift decision-making; and transform aging IT infrastructure so that the business can drive down costs and protect eroding margins. In this one-hour webcast, moderated by Insurance & Technology Magazine Executive Editor Anthony O'Donnell, you will learn about critical distribution management strategies that work. Join Peter Farley of analyst firm IDC Financial Insights, Scott Mampre of Capgemini, and Srini Venkat of Oracle Insurance to learn ways to maximize improvements to competitiveness, customer service, operating efficiencies - and ultimately profitability and growth. Please join us!

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• Announcing the Mastering SharePoint 2013 Development lab

  - by Erwin van Hunen

  If you’re a seasoned SharePoint developer and you’d like to get up and running with all the new goodies that SharePoint 2013 is bringing, make sure you check out the Mastering SharePoint 2013 Development lab I’m giving at LabCenter in Stockholm, Sweden. 3 days of development heaven *and* you take away a brand new laptop, or an iPad, or some of the other perks you decide to go for. Check out: http://www.labcenter.se/Labs#lab=Mastering_Sharepoint_2013_Development The overview of the 3 days: Day 1 Module 1: Comparing SharePoint 2013 to SharePoint 2010 What’s new in SharePoint 2013 Module 2: Installing your SharePoint 2013 development environment How to successfully (and above all correctly) install SharePoint 2013 Day 2 Module 3: Apps, sandboxed or full trust? What’s the difference between the deployment models. Pro’s and con’s Code or no-code solutions? Module 4: Search is the new black Using the new out of the box Search webparts Building a search based solution Day 3 Module 5: Workflows Differences between SharePoint 2010 workflows and 2013 workflows Building a workflow using Visio and SharePoint Designer Building a workflow using Visual Studio Module 6: You’re the master of the design The design manager Master pages Page layouts CSS and HTML5

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• The University with the best Computer Science degree?

  - by Shinnok

  Which University provides the best Computer Science degree in your opinion(non US Universities welcomed too)? I do realize that you most probably didn't attend more then one University so you can't really provide a truly insightful opinion on several institutions, but what you can do instead, is describe the one you attended and outline it's strengths and weaknesses. What do i mean by the best is essentially the University that upon graduation and given a subject's assumed reasonable level of passion and interest in the field, one can trust upon the fact he was at least exposed to the best and most deep, correct and up to date courses on Programming, Operating Systems, Internet and Computer Technology overall. We have all heard of recent horror stories in Computer Science teaching, thus an exposure the best of the best, essentially the University you would grant your children to if they were to be interested into this field, would be a great thing.

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• EV SSL Certificates - does anyone care?

  - by pygorex1

  Is any one aware of any data or studies from an impartial source that show the impact of EV SSL certificates on customer behavior? I've been unable to find any such studies. If an EV SSL certificate increases sales on a web store front by even a few points, I can see the value. Aside from data targeted at EV SSL it may be possible to guess at customer behavior based on user interaction with regular SSL certificates. Are users even aware of SSL security? Does regular SSL have any proven effect on web store front sales? Note, that I'm not asking about the necessity of good encryption - I'm asking about a potential customer's perception of security & trust.

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• Multiple domains and product categories but one company?

  - by Brad

  Hi Guys, My company is expanding online, and we are wondering the best way to go about our eCommerce strategy. We sell a wide range of products of a single material, lets use ceramics as an example. The current competition in our niche online is medium level. We currently have one site selling all our range: ceramicstuff.com However I have just found that ceramickitchenware.com, ceramicbowls.com, etc are currently unregistered, despite quite decent traffic search volume around those keywords monthly. What do you guys think about registering these domains to increase traffic? Would I put a standalone sites on those domains, or do I point them to my main domain? Or do I use them a "micro" sites to offer information, and then link to buy at my main domain, etc? Summary: I'm looking to employ "spammy" type SEO tricks, multiple domains, etc but the key point is I will be generating REAL content, and offering a REAL QUALITY product. How to proceed? Thanks!

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• How to change tooltip background color in Unity?

  - by kayahr

  In a lot of applications the tooltips are just plain ugly (White text on black background, way too much contrast) or even unreadable (black or dark blue text (Hyperlinks) on black background). I want to change the background color of the tooltips to some medium gray or even some yellow or something like that, maybe even something semi-transparent. Here is a screenshot of Eclipse which displays some source code in a tool tip with black text on black background: Switching to a different theme (Something other than Ambiance or Radiance) helps but I like Ambiance and I want to keep it. It's just this darn tooltip color which is absolutely unacceptable. I found several solutions for older Ubuntu versions but they no longer work with Unity in Ubuntu 11.10 because I can't find any function to customize the Ambiance or Radiance theme. So how do I do that in the current Ubuntu version?

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• *Code owner* system: is it an efficient way?

  - by sergzach

  There is a new developer in our team. An agile methodology is in use at our company. But the developer has another experience: he considers that particular parts of the code must be assigned to particular developers. So if one developer had created a program procedure or module it would be considered normal that all changes of the procedure/module would be made by him only. On the plus side, supposedly with the proposed approach we save common development time, because each developer knows his part of the code well and makes fixes fast. The downside is that developers don't know the system entirely. Do you think the approach will work well for a medium size system (development of a social network site)?

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• Is "no installation" software a good thing?

  - by Yaron Naveh

  I am building an application that will, hopefully, be used by developers. To be appealing to developers I want it to be lightweight, small in size, and with no installation (e.g. xcopy). I trust more an application without installation to not put garbage in my registry, to be lightweight etc. My friend thinks the opposite: An installer puts shortcuts on the desktop / menu for me, it ensures cleanup via the uninstaller, and seems more official. I'm curious - what is everyone's take on this?

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• Better drivers for SiS 650/740 integrated video?

  - by Bart van Heukelom

  I installed Xubuntu 10.10 on an old box today and the graphical performance is horrid. According to lspci, the video card is this: 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 65x/M650/740 PCI/AGP VGA Display Adapter (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 8081 Flags: 66MHz, medium devsel, IRQ 11 BIST result: 00 Memory at f0000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=128M] Memory at e7800000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=128K] I/O ports at d800 [size=128] Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel modules: sisfb Is there a way to make it faster? Alternative drivers? The additional drivers tool shows nothing. I'm specifically interested in improving Java's Java2D rendering speed, because I'll be running a "stat screen" written in that language on it.

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• Should a senior developer refuse to take paper exams during an interview?

  - by ??? Shengyuan Lu

  I found that many senior developers refuse to do paper exams in interviews. They regard the exam as a kind of humiliation, because they think that "They don't trust my programming ability even if I have five years working experience... only junior staff need take a paper exam...". However, Joel insists: 11. Do new candidates write code during their interview? Would you hire a magician without asking them to show you some magic tricks? Of course not. Is it justifiable if a senior developer refuses to take a paper exam in an interview?

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• Should my colleagues review each others code from source control system?

  - by Daniel Excinsky

  Hi everybody. So that's my story: one of my colleagues uses to review all the code, hosted to revision system. I'm not speaking about adequate review of changes in parts that he belongs to. He watches the code file to file, line to line. Every new file and every modified. I feel just like being spied on! My guess is that if code was already hosted to control system, you should trust it as workable at least. My question is, maybe I'm just too paranoiac and practice of reviewing each others code is good? P.S: We're team of only three developers, and I fear that if there will be more of us, colleague just won't have time to review all the the code we'll write.

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• How Easy is it to Code In-Built Videos?

  - by Alan Parker

  First time poster so please don't bite my head off. Basically, I'm having a site built for me and I don't really know anything about coding but I'm not too sure if I trust my web developer. I asked him recently about adding a feature where I could display built-in videos like the following page - http://www.ejot.co.uk/buildingfasteners.odl and he quoted me quite a high amount for it. I just wanted to double check with you guys whether this is a difficult feature to add in and whether it justifies a reasonable amount of money on top of what I'm already paying him. Thanks in advance for your help, Alan

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• Live boot from hard disk problem

  - by user172277

  I've installed Ubuntu Desktop 13.04 32bit. Next I configured /etc/grub.d/40_custom to boot live system from ubuntu.iso (also Desktop 13.04 32 bit) I used configuration: menuentry "Ubuntu 13.04 Desktop" { loopback loop /boot/ubuntu.iso linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/boot/ubuntu.iso noeject noprompt splash -- initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz } and it works OK. Later I made some changes on my installed ubuntu. I made some configuration, installed additional packages and so on. After that I made backup using remastersys tool. Remastersys gave me new ISO file. So I wanted to use it. And here was first problem. Remastersys creates only initrd.gz file. So I changed the grub configuration form: initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz to: initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.gz But after that, when I reboot my system I get error: /init: line 3: can't open /dev/sr0: No medium found Any ideas how to fix it? Best Regards, Bartosz

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• Google Analytics - Unable to get GA Tracking

  - by Pure.Krome

  We've been using GA for a few years with no probs. About 2-3 weeks ago we tried to clean up some of our tracking and on one of our profiles, it's not working anymore (since oct 10.) First, some context then some GA Debugging code. 1. Context. We have the following setup: different root domains AND different sub-domains on one of the root domains. www.website.com www.website.com.au www.anotherWebsite.com foo.website.com baa.website.com So what we're doing is the following: each root domain and each sub-domain get their own tracking code. This way we can allow separate people (from outside our company) to access only their own data. Eg. a manager for foo.website.com can only see data related to that domain .. and see data on the other domains. Have a last account which is the SUM of all the domains. this is for us. so we can see total numbers. So to do this, we have two trackers that fire off, on the page. the individual accounts all work fine - they seem to be tracking data ok. the 'global' account is not working and this gives us the = Tracking Not Installed error. This has been going on since oct 10. So the wait 24/48/72 hours thing is waaaaay over. 2. GA Debug code. Installing GA Debug chrome extension gives the following output. I've tried to hide anything that could be considered secret. UA-XXXXX34-1 == Global account (which isn't working any more). UA-XXXXX34-11 == Specific account for www.website.com _gaq.push processing "_setAccount" for args: "[UA-XXXXX34-1]": ga_debug.js:18 _gaq.push processing "_setDomainName" for args: "[website.com]": ga_debug.js:18 _gaq.push processing "_setAllowLinker" for args: "[true]": ga_debug.js:18 _gaq.push processing "_trackPageview" for args: "[]": ga_debug.js:18 Track Pageview ga_debug.js:18 Tracking beacon sent! utmwv=--snipped-- Account ID : UA-XXXX234-1 Page Title : Some page title Host Name : www.website.com Page : / Referring URL : - Hit ID : 1923583969 Visitor ID : 785310647 Session Count : 51 Session Time - First : Thu Aug 23 2012 15:20:17 GMT 1000 (AUS Eastern Standard Time) Session Time - Last : Mon Oct 29 2012 11:41:46 GMT 1100 (AUS Eastern Summer Time) Session Time - Current : Mon Oct 29 2012 12:19:23 GMT 1100 (AUS Eastern Summer Time) Campaign Time : Thu Aug 23 2012 15:20:17 GMT 1000 (AUS Eastern Standard Time) Campaign Session : 1 Campaign Count : 1 Campaign Source : (direct) Campaign Medium : (none); Campaign Name : (direct) Language : en-gb Encoding : UTF-8 Flash Version : 11.4 r31 Java Enabled : true Screen Resolution : 1050x1680 Browser Size : 1033x861 Color Depth : 32-bit Ga.js Version : 5.3.7d Cachebuster : 1846514973 ga_debug.js:18 _gaq.push processing "_setAccount" for args: "[UA-XXXX234-11]": ga_debug.js:18 _gaq.push processing "_setDomainName" for args: "[website.com]": ga_debug.js:18 _gaq.push processing "_setAllowLinker" for args: "[true]": ga_debug.js:18 _gaq.push processing "_trackPageview" for args: "[]": ga_debug.js:18 Track Pageview ga_debug.js:18 Tracking beacon sent! utmwv=--snipped-- Account ID : UA-XXXX234-11 Page Title : SomePageTitle Host Name : www.website.com Page : / Referring URL : - Hit ID : 1923583969 Visitor ID : 785310647 Session Count : 51 Session Time - First : Thu Aug 23 2012 15:20:17 GMT 1000 (AUS Eastern Standard Time) Session Time - Last : Mon Oct 29 2012 11:41:46 GMT 1100 (AUS Eastern Summer Time) Session Time - Current : Mon Oct 29 2012 12:19:23 GMT 1100 (AUS Eastern Summer Time) Campaign Time : Thu Aug 23 2012 15:20:17 GMT 1000 (AUS Eastern Standard Time) Campaign Session : 1 Campaign Count : 1 Campaign Source : (direct) Campaign Medium : (none); Campaign Name : (direct) Language : en-gb Encoding : UTF-8 Flash Version : 11.4 r31 Java Enabled : true Screen Resolution : 1050x1680 Browser Size : 1033x861 Color Depth : 32-bit Ga.js Version : 5.3.7d Cachebuster : 1580443754 and this is the js code he have. BTW, it is inside a <head></head> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push( ['_setAccount', 'UA-XXXX234-1'], ['_setDomainName', 'website.com'], ['_setAllowLinker', true], ['_trackPageview'] ,['b._setAccount','UA-XXXX234-11'], ['b._setDomainName','website.com'], ['b._setAllowLinker',true], ['b._trackPageview'] ); (function () { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> Finally, I've triple checked that the UA is the correct text. and yes, the global account is -1 and the specific domain is -11. Anyone have any suggestions to help?

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• Marketing texts for freelance programmers [closed]

  - by chiborg

  I'm a freelance developer and would like to set up a website that describes my services. When trying to come up with texts for the web site I got a severe case of writers block. I know that I'd like to describe what I do (websites, CMS, web-based applications), the different stages of projects (analysis, contract, prototype, testing, improvement, delivery, payment, etc) and who the target audience is (owners of small to medium businesses). But I have this feeling that there are some rules/tips on how to write such texts and I don't know them - any pointers?

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• WebLogic JDBC Use of Oracle Wallet for SSL

  - by Steve Felts

  Introduction Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) can be used to secure the connection between the middle tier “client”, WebLogic Server (WLS) in this case, and the Oracle database server.  Data between WLS and database can be encrypted.  The server can be authenticated so you have proof that the database can be trusted by validating a certificate from the server.  The client can be authenticated so that the database only accepts connections from clients that it trusts. Similar to the discussion in an earlier article about using the Oracle wallet for database credentials, the Oracle wallet can also be used with SSL to store the keys and certificates.  By using it correctly, clear text passwords can be eliminated from the JDBC configuration and client/server configuration can be simplified by sharing the wallet across multiple datasources. There is a very good Oracle Technical White Paper on using SSL with the Oracle thin driver at http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/wp-oracle-jdbc-thin-ssl-130128.pdf [LINK1].  The link http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/weblogic/index-087556.html [LINK2] describes how to use WebLogic Server with Oracle JDBC Driver SSL. The information in this article is a guide on what steps need to be taken in the variety of available options; use the links above for details. SSL from the driver to the database server is basically turned on by specifying a protocol of “tcps” in the URL.  However, there is a fair amount of setup needed.  Also remember that there is an overhead in performance. Creating the wallets The common use cases are 1. “data encryption and server-only authentication”, requiring just a trust store, or 2. “data encryption and authentication of both tiers” (client and server), requiring a trust store and a key store. It is recommended to use the auto-login wallet type so that clear text passwords are not needed in the datasource configuration to open the wallet.  The store type for an auto-login wallet is “SSO” (Single Sign On), not “JKS” or “PKCS12” as in [LINK2].  The file name is “cwallet.sso”. Wallets are created using the orapki tool.  They need to be created based on the usage (encryption and/or authentication).  This is discussed in detail in [LINK1] in Appendix B or in the Advanced Security Administrator’s Guide of the Database documentation. Database Server Configuration It is necessary to update the sqlnet.ora and listener.ora files with the directory location of the wallet using WALLET_LOCATION.  These files also indicate whether or not SSL_CLIENT_AUTHENTICATION is being used (true or false). The Oracle Listener must also be configured to use the TCPS protocol.  The recommended port is 2484. LISTENER = (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=servername)(PORT=2484))) WebLogic Server Classpath The WebLogic Server CLASSPATH must have three additional security files. The files that need to be added to the WLS CLASSPATH are $MW_HOME/modules/com.oracle.osdt_cert_1.0.0.0.jar $MW_HOME/modules/com.oracle.osdt_core_1.0.0.0.jar $MW_HOME/modules/com.oracle.oraclepki_1.0.0.0.jar One way to do this is to add them to PRE_CLASSPATH environment variable for use with the standard WebLogic scripts. Setting the Oracle Security Provider It’s necessary to enable the Oracle PKI provider on the client side.  This can either be done statically by updating the java.security file under the JRE or dynamically by setting it in a WLS startup class using java.security.Security.insertProviderAt(new oracle.security.pki.OraclePKIProvider (), 3); See the full example of the startup class in [LINK2]. Datasource Configuration When creating a WLS datasource, set the PROTOCOL in the URL to tcps as in the following. jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=host)(PORT=port))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=myservice))) For encryption and server authentication, use the datasource connection properties: - javax.net.ssl.trustStore=location of wallet file on the client - javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=”SSO” For client authentication, use the datasource connection properties: - javax.net.ssl.keyStore=location of wallet file on the client - javax.net.ssl.keyStoreType=”SSO” Note that the driver connection properties for the wallet require a file name, not a directory name. Active GridLink ONS over SSL For completeness, there is another SSL usage for WLS datasources.  The communication with the Oracle Notification Service (ONS) for load balancing information and node up/down events can use SSL also. Create an auto-login wallet and use the wallet on the client and server.  The following is a sample sequence to create a test wallet for use with ONS. orapki wallet create -wallet ons -auto_login -pwd ONS_Wallet orapki wallet add -wallet ons -dn "CN=ons_test,C=US" -keysize 1024 -self_signed -validity 9999 -pwd ONS_Wallet orapki wallet export -wallet ons -dn "CN=ons_test,C=US" -cert ons/cert.txt -pwd ONS_Wallet On the database server side, it’s necessary to define the walletfile directory in the file $CRS_HOME/opmn/conf/ons.config and run onsctl stop/start. When configuring an Active GridLink datasource, the connection to the ONS must be defined.  In addition to the host and port, the wallet file directory must be specified.  By not giving a password, a SSO wallet is assumed. Summary To use SSL with the Oracle thin driver without any clear text passwords, use an SSO Oracle Wallet.  SSL support in the Oracle thin driver is available starting in 10g Release 2.

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• Palm take-over watch

  This is just in: HTC is said to be considering taking over Palm. That would be an interesting development, since HTC is one of the few parties we can trust not messing up webOS but actually using it as it’s supposed to work.Palm has an absolutely first-rate product in webOS, especially its user interface. As far as I’m concerned the Palm Pre is the only phone that’s (almost?) on a par with the iPhone when it comes to UI, although the system is completely different (and has supported multitasking...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• What's the importance of the "title" tag?

  - by Matteo Mosca

  Talking with some other people recently, it came up an interesting topic. The core question at hand is: What's the real importance and weight of the <title> tag in a web site? For instance, what are the consequences if a site has the same <title> tag on all the pages, reporting only the site name? Or better (or worse) no title tag at all? Will that be a little/medium/huge SEO problem? How will the pages appear on search engines? Will fixing it in a later stage be problematic since pages have already been indexed? How does it compromise the overall usability/accessibility/experience? Is that a "feature" that can be omitted, or it can't even be considered a "feature" but a core element? I have quite my opinion on this topic, but I'd really love to hear what other experts (you) think about it.

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• Collaboration between client, web designer, and web developer

  - by Alex

  I am primarily a Web Developer (back end programming) - but intend to offer a complete service to my clients, from concept, to brand design, photoshop mock-ups and everything else in between. I'm aware that it's a good idea to outsource this design aspect of the project to someone that I trust. My question is more about the process: I imagine that in order for the designer to really grasp what the client wants to create, they would need some sort of interaction. Therefore, does anyone know if it is common to bring both parties into a 3 way discussion? Or is it more common to get all of the info from the client, and then pass it onto the designer, and act as a back and forth middleman? Afterall, I am the designer's client. Any insight into this would be great

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• Making profit from a social network

  - by James P.

  This follows similar questions but I'd like to see if anything particular comes out of it due to the nature of site. In short, I've taken up the role of webmaster for a small social network site and wish to make it profitable to at least cover the running costs. The site is linked to a commerce and presents are offered to members according to the number of points they've accumulated through various actions. The site is running on shared hosting so it's probably dirt cheap but the presents can be expensive as a whole and some money has already been invested into the project. One idea I have is to seek some sponsors that would be willing to offer presents or special offers in return for publicity. I don't know if this will be easy or not. I'm also looking into adapting hosting to perhaps move static files to a cheaper online storage medium (see Ideas for reducing storage needs and/or costs (lots of images)). Other suggestions are welcome.

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• Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 14 &ndash; Insuring Integrity &amp; Availability

  - by MarkPearl

  After reading this section you should be able to Identify the characteristics of a network that keep data safe from loss or damage Protect an enterprise-wide network from viruses Explain network and system level fault tolerance techniques Discuss issues related to network backup and recovery strategies Describe the components of a useful disaster recovery plan and the options for disaster contingencies What are integrity and availability? Integrity – the soundness of a networks programs, data, services, devices, and connections Availability – How consistently and reliably a file or system can be accessed by authorized personnel A number of phenomena can compromise both integrity and availability including… security breaches natural disasters malicious intruders power flaws human error users etc Although you cannot predict every type of vulnerability, you can take measures to guard against the most damaging events. The following are some guidelines… Allow only network administrators to create or modify NOS and application system users. Monitor the network for unauthorized access or changes Record authorized system changes in a change management system’ Install redundant components Perform regular health checks on the network Check system performance, error logs, and the system log book regularly Keep backups Implement and enforce security and disaster recovery policies These are just some of the basics… Malware Malware refers to any program or piece of code designed to intrude upon or harm a system or its resources. Types of Malware… Boot sector viruses Macro viruses File infector viruses Worms Trojan Horse Network Viruses Bots Malware characteristics Some common characteristics of Malware include… Encryption Stealth Polymorphism Time dependence Malware Protection There are various tools available to protect you from malware called anti-malware software. These monitor your system for indications that a program is performing potential malware operations. A number of techniques are used to detect malware including… Signature Scanning Integrity Checking Monitoring unexpected file changes or virus like behaviours It is important to decide where anti-malware tools will be installed and find a balance between performance and protection. There are several general purpose malware policies that can be implemented to protect your network including… Every compute in an organization should be equipped with malware detection and cleaning software that regularly runs Users should not be allowed to alter or disable the anti-malware software Users should know what to do in case the anti-malware program detects a malware virus Users should be prohibited from installing any unauthorized software on their systems System wide alerts should be issued to network users notifying them if a serious malware virus has been detected. Fault Tolerance Besides guarding against malware, another key factor in maintaining the availability and integrity of data is fault tolerance. Fault tolerance is the ability for a system to continue performing despite an unexpected hardware or software malfunction. Fault tolerance can be realized in varying degrees, the optimal level of fault tolerance for a system depends on how critical its services and files are to productivity. Generally the more fault tolerant the system, the more expensive it is. The following describe some of the areas that need to be considered for fault tolerance. Environment (Temperature and humidity) Power Topology and Connectivity Servers Storage Power Typical power flaws include Surges – a brief increase in voltage due to lightening strikes, solar flares or some idiot at City Power Noise – Fluctuation in voltage levels caused by other devices on the network or electromagnetic interference Brownout – A sag in voltage for just a moment Blackout – A complete power loss The are various alternate power sources to consider including UPS’s and Generators. UPS’s are found in two categories… Standby UPS – provides continuous power when mains goes down (brief period of switching over) Online UPS – is online all the time and the device receives power from the UPS all the time (the UPS is charged continuously) Servers There are various techniques for fault tolerance with servers. Server mirroring is an option where one device or component duplicates the activities of another. It is generally an expensive process. Clustering is a fault tolerance technique that links multiple servers together to appear as a single server. They share processing and storage responsibilities and if one unit in the cluster goes down, another unit can be brought in to replace it. Storage There are various techniques available including the following… RAID Arrays NAS (Storage (Network Attached Storage) SANs (Storage Area Networks) Data Backup A backup is a copy of data or program files created for archiving or safekeeping. Many different options for backups exist with various media including… These vary in cost and speed. Optical Media Tape Backup External Disk Drives Network Backups Backup Strategy After selecting the appropriate tool for performing your servers backup, devise a backup strategy to guide you through performing reliable backups that provide maximum data protection. Questions that should be answered include… What data must be backed up At what time of day or night will the backups occur How will you verify the accuracy of the backups Where and for how long will backup media be stored Who will take responsibility for ensuring that backups occurred How long will you save backups Where will backup and recovery documentation be stored Different backup methods provide varying levels of certainty and corresponding labour cost. There are also different ways to determine which files should be backed up including… Full backup – all data on all servers is copied to storage media Incremental backup – Only data that has changed since the last full or incremental backup is copied to a storage medium Differential backup – Only data that has changed since the last backup is coped to a storage medium Disaster Recovery Disaster recovery is the process of restoring your critical functionality and data after an enterprise wide outage has occurred. A disaster recovery plan is for extreme scenarios (i.e. fire, line fault, etc). A cold site is a place were the computers, devices, and connectivity necessary to rebuild a network exist but they are not appropriately configured. A warm site is a place where the computers, devices, and connectivity necessary to rebuild a network exists with some appropriately configured devices. A hot site is a place where the computers, devices, and connectivity necessary to rebuild a network exists and all are appropriately configured.

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• Does semi-normalization exist as a concept? Is it "normalized"?

  - by Gracchus

  If you don't mind, a tldr on my experience: My experience tldr I have an application that's heavily dependent upon uncertainty, a bane to database design. I tried to normalize it as best as I could according to the capabilities of my database of choice, but a "simple" query took 50ms to read. Nosql appeals to me, but I can't trust myself with it, and besides, normalization has cut down my debugging time immensely over and over. Instead of 100% normalization, I made semi-redundant 1:1 tables with very wide primary keys and equivalent foreign keys. Read times dropped to a few ms, and write times barely degraded. The semi-normalized point Given this reality, that anyone who's tried to rely upon views of fully normalized data is aware of, is this concept codified? Is it as simple as having wide unique and foreign keys, or are there any hidden secrets to this technique? Or is uncertainty merely a special case that has extremely limited application and can be left on the ash heap?

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