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  • Is there a language with native pass-by-reference/pass-by-name semantics, which could be used in mod

    - by Bubba88
    Hi! This is a reopened question. I look for a language and supporting platform for it, where the language could have pass-by-reference or pass-by-name semantics by default. I know the history a little, that there were Algol, Fortran and there still is C++ which could make it possible; but, basically, what I look for is something more modern and where the mentioned value pass methodology is preferred and by default (implicitly assumed). I ask this question, because, to my mind, some of the advantages of pass-by-ref/name seem kind of obvious. For example when it is used in a standalone agent, where copyiong of values is not necessary (to some extent) and performance wouldn't be downgraded much in that case. So, I could employ it in e.g. rich client app or some game-style or standalone service-kind application. The main advantage to me is the clear separation between identity of a symbol, and its current value. I mean when there is no reduntant copying, you know that you're working with the exact symbol/path you have queried/received. And intristing boxing of values will not interfere with the actual logic of program. I know that there is C# ref keyword, but it's something not so intristic, though acceptable. Equally, I realize that pass-by-reference semantics could be simulated in virtually any language (Java as an instant example) and so on.. not sure about pass by name :) What would you recommend - create a something like DSL for such needs wherever it be appropriate; or use some languages that I already know? Maybe, there is something that I'm missing? Thank you!

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  • Good language to learn in order to build small websites

    - by mkoryak
    I want to start building websites and charging people for them! My problem is that the stack that know well does not lend itself to quick development, or cheap hosting. I am looking for languages that satisfy the following criteria: Fast to develop in Can find cheap hosting for it Bonus points if it can also be 'enterprisey'

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  • Linux Kernel - Slab Allocator Question

    - by Drex
    I am playing around with the kernel and am looking at the kmem_cache files_cachep belonging to fork.c. It detects the sizeof(files_struct). My question is this: I have altered files_struct and added a rb_root (red/black tree root) using the built-in functionality in linux/rbtree.h. I can properly insert values into this tree. However, at some point, a segfault occurs and GDB backtraces the following information: (gdb) backtrace 0 0x08066ad7 in page_ok (page=) at arch/um/os-Linux/sys-i386/task_size.c:31 1 0x08066bdf in os_get_top_address () at arch/um/os-Linux/sys-i386/task_size.c:100 2 0x0804a216 in linux_main (argc=1, argv=0xbfb05f14) at arch/um/kernel/um_arch.c:277 3 0x0804acdc in main (argc=1, argv=0xbfb05f14, envp=0xbfb05f1c) at arch/um/os-Linux/main.c:150 I have spent many hours trying to figure out why there is a segfault given that the red/black tree inserts properly. I'm thinking it's a memory allocation issue with new processes made by fork() of a parent process. Could this be the case and could it have something to do with kmem_cache files_cachep?

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  • Object serialization practical uses?

    - by nash
    How many software projects have you worked on used object serialization? I personally never came across a scenario where object serialization was used. One use case i can think of is, a server software storing objects to disk to save memory. Are there other types of software where object serialization is essential or preferred over a database?

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  • Naming convention in Objective C /C , start with "_"?

    - by Tattat
    Something I see ppl define the variable like this: b2World *_world; b2Body *_body; CCSprite *_ball; instead of b2World *world; b2Body *body; CCSprite *ball; I familiar with the second one, but not the first one. So, I checked the Wikipedia about naming convention: Names beginning with double underscore or an underscore and a capital letter are reserved for implementation (compiler, standard library) and should not be used (e.g. __reserved or _Reserved). So, is that any special meaning which is start with "_"? The wiki page.

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  • Apply a Quartz filter while saving PDF under Mac OS X 10.6.3

    - by olpa
    Using Mac OS X API, I'm trying to save a PDF file with a Quartz filter applied, just like it is possible from the "Save As" dialog in the Preview application. So far I've written the following code (using Python and pyObjC, but it isn't important for me): -- filter-pdf.py: begin from Foundation import * from Quartz import * import objc page_rect = CGRectMake (0, 0, 612, 792) fdict = NSDictionary.dictionaryWithContentsOfFile_("/System/Library/Filters/Blue \ Tone.qfilter") in_pdf = CGPDFDocumentCreateWithProvider(CGDataProviderCreateWithFilename ("test .pdf")) url = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath(None, "test_out.pdf", kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle, False) c = CGPDFContextCreateWithURL(url, page_rect, fdict) np = CGPDFDocumentGetNumberOfPages(in_pdf) for ip in range (1, np+1): page = CGPDFDocumentGetPage(in_pdf, ip) r = CGPDFPageGetBoxRect(page, kCGPDFMediaBox) CGContextBeginPage(c, r) CGContextDrawPDFPage(c, page) CGContextEndPage(c) -- filter-pdf.py: end Unfortunalte, the filter "Blue Tone" isn't applied, the output PDF looks exactly as the input PDF. Question: what I missed? How to apply a filter? Well, the documentation doesn't promise that such way of creating and using "fdict" should cause that the filter is applied. But I just rewritten (as far as I can) sample code /Developer/Examples/Quartz/Python/filter-pdf.py, which was distributed with older versions of Mac (meanwhile, this code doesn't work too): ----- filter-pdf-old.py: begin from CoreGraphics import * import sys, os, math, getopt, string def usage (): print ''' usage: python filter-pdf.py FILTER INPUT-PDF OUTPUT-PDF Apply a ColorSync Filter to a PDF document. ''' def main (): page_rect = CGRectMake (0, 0, 612, 792) try: opts,args = getopt.getopt (sys.argv[1:], '', []) except getopt.GetoptError: usage () sys.exit (1) if len (args) != 3: usage () sys.exit (1) filter = CGContextFilterCreateDictionary (args[0]) if not filter: print 'Unable to create context filter' sys.exit (1) pdf = CGPDFDocumentCreateWithProvider (CGDataProviderCreateWithFilename (args[1])) if not pdf: print 'Unable to open input file' sys.exit (1) c = CGPDFContextCreateWithFilename (args[2], page_rect, filter) if not c: print 'Unable to create output context' sys.exit (1) for p in range (1, pdf.getNumberOfPages () + 1): #r = pdf.getMediaBox (p) r = pdf.getPage(p).getBoxRect(p) c.beginPage (r) c.drawPDFDocument (r, pdf, p) c.endPage () c.finish () if __name__ == '__main__': main () ----- filter-pdf-old.py: end

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  • display records which exist in file2 but not in file1

    - by Phoenix
    log file1 contains records of customers(name,id,date) who visited yesterday log file2 contains records of customers(name,id,date) who visited today How would you display customers who visited yesterday but not today? Constraint is: Don't use auxiliary data structure because file contains millions of records. [So, no hashes] Is there a way to do this using Unix commands ??

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  • How to simplify this code or a better design?

    - by Tattat
    I am developing a game, the game have different mode. Easy, Normal, and Difficult. So, I'm thinking about how to store the game mode. My first idea is using number to represent the difficulty. Easy = 0 Normal = 1 Difficult = 2 So, my code will have something like this: switch(gameMode){ case 0: //easy break; case 1: //normal break; case 3: //difficult break; } But I think it have some problems, if I add a new mode, for example, "Extreme", I need to add case 4... ... it seems not a gd design. So, I am thinking making a gameMode object, and different gameMode is sub class of the super class gameMode. The gameMode object is something like this: class GameMode{ int maxEnemyNumber; int maxWeaponNumber; public static GameMode init(){ GameMode gm = GameMode(); gm.maxEnemyNumber = 0; gm.maxWeaponNumber = 0; return gm; } } class EasyMode extends GameMode{ public static GameMode init(){ GameMode gm = super.init(); gm.maxEnemyNumber = 10; gm.maxWeaponNumber = 100; return gm; } } class NormalMode extends GameMode{ public static GameMode init(){ GameMode gm = super.init(); gm.maxEnemyNumber = 20; gm.maxWeaponNumber = 80; return gm; } } But I think it seems too "bulky" to create an object to store gameMode, my "gameMode" only store different variables for game settings.... Is that any simple way to store data only instead of making an Object? thz u.

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  • Should I invest time in learning about OR\M or LINQ?

    - by Peter Smith
    I'm a .NET web developer primarily who occasionally writes console applications to mine data, cleanup tasks, etc. Most of what I do winds up involving a database which I currently design via sql server management studio, using stored procedures, and query analyzer. I also create a lot of web services which are consumed via AJAX applications. Do these technologies really help you in speeding up development times? Do you still have to build the database or object code first?

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  • Question on Addressing Modes in PDP-11 Assembler

    - by lego69
    I have small question about pdp-11(simulator), I have this command (it begins from the address 1000) add 2500, #2500 and this initial list: register/address - initial value pc 1000 sp 600 2500 3000 and I want to know how this small snippet exactly runs, in my booklet I found that: firstly it reads inforamtion from the address 1000, inside this address we have value 066727, after we read number from the address 1002, AND VALUE MUST BE 2500(because of add 2500, #2500), but in my booklet I have 1474 without any explanations why, I know that I have here relative addressing mode, but why 1474 inside the address 1002 and not 2500, thanks in advance for any help

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  • Which is more appropriate way of programmming

    - by Raju
    If a variable can take n values should we check for the validity of the values or assume that if all the n-i checks fail it would be the nth value. For example if we have a variable that stores gender as M or F If gender = "M" do male_processing else do female_processing endif If gender = "M" do male_processing else if gender = "F" do female_processing else print "Something has gone wrong Gender has a value " Gender endif endif

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  • C# property definition

    - by Sunny
    For C# properties, I can do this: public class Employee{ public string Name { get; private set; } public Employee(string name){ Name = name; } } which means that the Name property can be set within the class Employee & can be read publicly. But, if I want to restrict the set to only within the constructors of the Employee class, I need to do: public class Employee{ public readonly string Name = String.Empty; public Employee(string name){ Name = name; } } But, for this case, I had to change the property to a field. Is there any reason this is not possible/allowed in C#: public class Employee{ public string Name { get; private readonly set; } public Employee(string name){ Name = name; } } IMO this will allow us to have properties which can be set only in the constructor & does not require us to change properties to fields... Thanks!

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  • Is selling a "website screen scraper" illegal?

    - by Yatendra Goel
    I have coded a "website screen scraper" and want to sell it commercially. I know that webpages scraped by the screen scraper are restricted to be scraped by the webmaser of that website. The robots.txt file of the website says that its webpages must not be scraped. So my question is whether selling that screen scraper is a crime or using that screen scraper is a crime in legal terms. I know that this question is related to law but I thought the software experts on SO must also have answer to this question.

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  • What features of interpreted languages can a compiled one not have?

    - by sub
    Interpreted languages are usually more high-level and therefore have features as dynamic typing (including creating new variables dynamically without declaration), the infamous eval and many many other features that make a programmer's life easier - but why can't compiled languages have these as well? I don't mean languages like Java that run on a VM, but those that compile to binary like C(++). I'm not going to make a list now but if you are going to ask which features I mean, please look into what PHP, Python, Ruby etc. have to offer. Which common features of interpreted languages can't/don't/do exist in compiled languages? Why?

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  • Socket read() hangs for a while when there is no data to read.

    - by janesconference
    Hi' I'm writing a simple http port forwarder. I read data from port 80, and pass the data to my lighttpd server, on port 8080. As long as I write() data on the socket on port 8080 (forwarding the request) there's no problem, but when I read() data from that socket (forwarding the response), the last read() hangs a lot (about 1 or 2 seconds) before realizing there's no more data and returning 0. I tried to set the socket to non-blocking, but this doesn't work, as sometimes it returns EWOULDBLOCKING even if there's some data left (lighttpd + cgi can be quite slow). I tried to set a timeout with select(), but, as above, a slow cgi could timeout the socket when there's actually some data to transmit. How would you do?

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  • Problem determining how to order F# types due to circular references

    - by James Black
    I have some types that extend a common type, and these are my models. I then have DAO types for each model type for CRUD operations. I now have a need for a function that will allow me to find an id given any model type, so I created a new type for some miscellaneous functions. The problem is that I don't know how to order these types. Currently I have models before dao, but I somehow need DAOMisc before CityDAO and CityDAO before DAOMisc, which isn't possible. The simple approach would be to put this function in each DAO, referring to just the types that can come before it, so, State comes before City as State has a foreign key relationship with City, so the miscellaneous function would be very short. But, this just strikes me as wrong, so I am not certain how to best approach this. Here is my miscellaneous type, where BaseType is a common type for all my models. type DAOMisc = member internal self.FindIdByType item = match(item:BaseType) with | :? StateType as i -> let a = (StateDAO()).Retrieve i a.Head.Id | :? CityType as i -> let a = (CityDAO()).Retrieve i a.Head.Id | _ -> -1 Here is one dao type. CommonDAO actually has the code for the CRUD operations, but that is not important here. type CityDAO() = inherit CommonDAO<CityType>("city", ["name"; "state_id"], (fun(reader) -> [ while reader.Read() do let s = new CityType() s.Id <- reader.GetInt32 0 s.Name <- reader.GetString 1 s.StateName <- reader.GetString 3 ]), list.Empty ) This is my model type: type CityType() = inherit BaseType() let mutable name = "" let mutable stateName = "" member this.Name with get() = name and set restnameval=name <- restnameval member this.StateName with get() = stateName and set stateidval=stateName <- stateidval override this.ToSqlValuesList = [this.Name;] override this.ToFKValuesList = [StateType(Name=this.StateName);] The purpose for this FindIdByType function is that I want to find the id for a foreign key relationship, so I can set the value in my model and then have the CRUD functions do the operations with all the correct information. So, City needs the id for the state name, so I would get the state name, put it into the state type, then call this function to get the id for that state, so my city insert will also include the id for the foreign key. This seems to be the best approach, in a very generic way to handle inserts, which is the current problem I am trying to solve.

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  • What languages should a microISV use to write commercial software?

    - by Wal
    I've been writing software in Java for many years now, but it was always for internal applications that would be deployed to a server. I'd like to get into writing desktop applications now but I don't know where to start. I've written a few Java/Swing applications but again they were for internal use. My understanding is that Java and other semi-compiled and interpreted languages are too easy to reverse engineer, making them unsuitable for commercial software. I am aware that there are compilers for Java and some other interpreted language, but I've also heard that they are pricey and/or unreliable. Assuming I start a microISV and wish to develop and sell applications to a broad audience, what's my best bet? I would prefer something that can be written close to once, and compiled for different operating systems but I am not opposed to .NET and a Windows-only audience if other languages would compromise the experience (installation ease & user experience) in Windows. My only issue there is that I don't have a large starting budget and paying out the wazoo for the required development tools is not really in the cards.

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  • Generate an image / thumbnail of a webpage using X/Gui-less linux

    - by dassouki
    There are a lot of solutions out there on generating a thumbnail or an image preview of a webpage. Some of these are websites like websnapshots, windows libraries such as PHP's imagegrabscreen (only works on windows), and KDE's wkhtml. Many more do exist. However, I'm looking for a GUI-less solution. Something I can create an API around and link it to php or python. I'm comfortable with python, php, C, and shell. This is a personal project, so I'm not interested in commercial applications as I'm aware of their existence. Any ideas?

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