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  • How do I simplify a 2D game grid for level management while keeping its by-pixel features?

    - by Eric Thoma
    (I cross-posted this from StackOverflow as this seems to be a more appropriate forum. I've looked around a little here and I did not find an answer, so I hope this is not a recurring question.) This is a question dealing with 2D world design. I am playing around by creating a 2D bird's eye view shooter game, and I am looking to make the game sleek and advanced. I hope to be able to write physics so projectiles have momentum and knock-down properties. I am immediately running into the problem of world design. I need a way to have level files that store everything there is about a game. This is easiest by just having a grid of objects. But there are thin-walls and other objects that don't seem to fit into a traditional cell of a grid. I want to be able to fit all these together so I can streamline level design; so I don't have to put in the exact pixel-specific start and end of a wall. There doesn't seem to be an obvious translation from level file to game without forcing myself into a pacman-life scenario, meaning a scenario where the game feels boxy and discrete. There is a contrast between the smoothly (relatively) moving characters and finite jumps in a grid. I would appreciate an answer that would describe implementation options or point me to resources that do. I would also appreciate references to sites that teach game design. The language I am using is Java (although I would love to use C or C++, but I can never find convenient resources in those languages). Thank you for any answers. Please leave any questions in the space below; I will be able to answer them later tonight (28th Nov).

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  • Necessary Infrastructure for large project with many components communicating through IPCs

    - by jluzwick
    I have a fairly in depth question which probably doesn't have an exact answer. As a software engineer, I am usually tasked with working on a program or project with minimal understanding of how other components or programs in the project interact with each other. When one program fails in a sea of multiple components and processes, what infrastructure elements are necessary to ensure that the problem can be accurately tracked to the violating application? More specifically, what infrastructure elements should be necessary for this large project and which are optional but very helpful. One such example I can think of is some form of a common logging infrastructure that allows for a developer or tester to easily browse through a log that contains numerous components for messages that might allude to the culprit program along with a "trail" of what happened before the issue occurred. I'm thinking of something similar to Androids alogcat tool. These necessary infrastructure elements should be language-agnostic. While these elements should be understood by all engineers on the team in question, which elements should be understood at great detail by the technical system engineers and what should the individual software engineers be responsible for adding to their tools to allow for such infrastructures to take hold? Please feel free to ask for clarification if something does not make sense as I understand this question is very broad and needs some refinement. I will refine as necessary from the answers and comments I receive. Thanks for any help!

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  • The advantages & disadvantages to be had from using a Web Framework?

    - by JHarley1
    Hello, This question is focused on extracting the advantages and disadvantages of using Web based Frameworks: such as Cake PHP, Zend, jQuery, ASP.NET). This question is completely language agnostic. Let me start with the notion of "Standing on the shoulders of Giants". Advantages: Empowers Developers - by taking features that would have previously have taken 100's of lines of code and compressing them into one simple function call empowers developers to integrate more complex features into their Web Sites. Allow for Quicker development of applications - this is very relevant for people that need websites created in a very small window (has anyone any examples of this?) Lower Costs - allows programmers to pass cost savings onto the customer, a whole new range of customers generated that wanted a website but previously could not afford the higher development costs. Disadvantages: Lost Understanding - by relying on the features of a framework a developer is in danger of loosing understanding on how things work (underneath the hood). The configuration cliff - once you go further than the configuration of your framework your productivity drops right off, it can be difficult to implement features outside of a frameworks configuration. Developer tramlines - you (the developer) has to do things the way that the developer want you to do things. Security issues - giving people these tools to develop professional looking websites fast is a potential risk, people can quickly create professional looking websites for fraudulent companies. I wonder what people make of my points, and whether any body disagrees with them? Also if people have additional points I would be grateful. Many Thanks, J

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  • XSLT and possible alternatives [on hold]

    - by wirrbel
    I had a look at XSLT for transforming one XML file into another one (HTML, etc.). Now while I see that there are benefits to XSLT (being a standardized and used tool) I am reluctant for a couple of reasons XSLT processors seem to be quite huge / resource hungry XML is a bad notation for programming and thats what XSLT is all about. It do not want to troll XSLT here though I just want to point out what I dislike about it to give you an idea of what I would expect from an alternative. Having some Lisp background I wonder whether there are better ways for tree-structure transformations based upon some lisp. I have seen references to DSSSL, sadly most links about DSSSL are dead so its already challenging to see some code that illustrates it. Is DSSSL still in use? I remember that I had installed openjade once when checking out docbook stuff. Jeff Atwood's blog post seems to hint upon using Ruby instead of XSLT. Are there any sane ways to do XML transformations similar to XSLT in a non-xml programming language? I would be open for input on Useful libraries for scripting languages that facilitate XML transformations especially (but not exclusively) lisp-like transformation languages, or Ruby, etc. A few things I found so far: A couple of places on the web have pointed out Linq as a possible alternative. Quite generally I any kind of classifications, also from those who have had the best XSLT experience. For scheme http://cs.brown.edu/~sk/Publications/Papers/Published/kk-sxslt/ and http://www.okmij.org/ftp/Scheme/xml.html

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  • Unit testing to prove balanced tree

    - by Darrel Hoffman
    I've just built a self-balancing tree (red-black) in Java (language should be irrelevant for this question though), and I'm trying to come up with a good means of testing that it's properly balanced. I've tested all the basic tree operations, but I can't think of a way to test that it is indeed well and truly balanced. I've tried inserting a large dictionary of words, both pre-sorted and un-sorted. With a balanced tree, those should take roughly the same amount of time, but an unbalanced tree would take significantly longer on the already-sorted list. But I don't know how to go about testing for that in any reasonable, reproducible way. (I've tried doing millisecond tests on these, but there's no noticeable difference - probably because my source data is too small.) Is there a better way to be sure that the tree is really balanced? Say, by looking at the tree after it's created and seeing how deep it goes? (That is, without modifying the tree itself by adding a depth field to each node, which is just wasteful if you don't need it for anything other than testing.)

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  • Pantheon Not Completely Installed?

    - by Simon
    I have just installed the pantheon shell today, and I have not found any help with this yet. I am not just a random noob, i use a bunch of other shells and i also have a few development applications on my copy of ubuntu. But ever since ive opened up pantheon, i cannot find settings or this thing called the launchpad. (if the launchpad is the app drawer up in the upper left corner, or if its the dock. i have it, if thats not what launchpad is, then i cant access it.) I can only change my wallpaper by going back to unity, gnome, or KDE. There is a system settings in the power menu (upper right), but it only has Language Support, Ubuntu One, Additional Drivers, And Printing. I can still access the full ubuntu settings in GNOME of Unity. But thats it. I installed in the terminal, uninstalled, and reinstalled using the software center. Please Help Me If Any Of You Can! Thanks!!!

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  • How should an undergraduate programmer organize his time learning the maximum possible?

    - by nischayn22
    I started programming lately(pre-final year of a CS degree) and now feel like there's a sea of uncovered treasure for me out there. So, I decided to cover as much as is possible before I look out for a job after graduation. So, I started to read books (The C++ Programming Language, Introduction to Algorithms, Cracking the Coding Interview, Programming Pearls,etc ) participate in StackExchange sites, solving problems (InterviewStreet and ProjectEuler), coding for open source, chatting to fellow programmers/mentors and try to learn more and more. Good,then what's the problem?? The problem is I am trying to do many things, but I am doubtful that I am still utilizing my time properly. I am reading many books and sometimes I just leave a book halfway (jumping from one book to another), sometimes I spend way too much time on chatting and also in getting lost somewhere in the huge internet world, and lastly the wasteful burden of attending classes (I don't think my teachers know good enough or I prefer learning on my own) May be some of you had similar situation. How did you organize your time? Or what do you think is the best way to organize it for an undergraduate? Also what mistakes am I making that you can warn me of

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  • Use the Latest Guided Learning Paths for BI & EPM Partners

    - by Mike.Hallett(at)Oracle-BI&EPM
    Keep up to date with the current version Guided Learning Paths for BI Partners @ https://competencycenter.oracle.com/opncc/glp_list.cc, for Example: Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} Business Intelligence Implementation Consultant Business Intelligence Applications 7.9.6 for CRM Implementation Specialist Business Intelligence Applications 7.9.6 for ERP Implementation Specialist Oracle Business Intelligence Foundation 11g Implementation Specialist Oracle Essbase 11 Implementation Specialist PreSales Consultant Business Intelligence Applications 7.9.6 PreSales Specialist Oracle Business Intelligence Foundation Suite 11g PreSales Specialist Oracle Essbase 11 PreSales Specialist Sales Person Business Intelligence Applications 7.9.6 Sales Specialist Oracle Business Intelligence Foundation Suite 11g Sales Specialist Oracle Essbase 11 Sales Specialist

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  • Using R on your Oracle Data Warehouse

    - by jean-pierre.dijcks
    Since it is Predictive Analytics World in our backyard (or are we San Francisco’s backyard…?) I figured it is well worth the time to dust of some old but important news. With big data (should we start calling it “any data analytics” instead?) being the buzz word and analytics the key operative goal, not moving data around is becoming more and more critical to the business users. Why? Because instead of spending time on moving data around into your next analytics server you should be running analytics on those CPUs. You could always do this with Oracle Data Mining within the Oracle Database. But a lot of folks want to leverage R as their main tool. Well, this article describes how you can do this, since 2010… As Casimir Saternos concludes in the article; “There is a growing awareness of the need to effectively analyze astronomical amounts of data, much of which is stored in Oracle databases. Statistics and modeling techniques are used to improve a wide variety of business functions. ODM accessed using the R language increases the value of your data by uncovering additional information. RODM is a powerful tool to enable your organization to make predictions, classify data, and create visualizations that maximize effectiveness and efficiencies.” Happy Analysis!

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  • Tail-recursive implementation of take-while

    - by Giorgio
    I am trying to write a tail-recursive implementation of the function take-while in Scheme (but this exercise can be done in another language as well). My first attempt was (define (take-while p xs) (if (or (null? xs) (not (p (car xs)))) '() (cons (car xs) (take-while p (cdr xs))))) which works correctly but is not tail-recursive. My next attempt was (define (take-while-tr p xs) (let loop ((acc '()) (ys xs)) (if (or (null? ys) (not (p (car ys)))) (reverse acc) (loop (cons (car ys) acc) (cdr ys))))) which is tail recursive but needs a call to reverse as a last step in order to return the result list in the proper order. I cannot come up with a solution that is tail-recursive, does not use reverse, only uses lists as data structure (using a functional data structure like a Haskell's sequence which allows to append elements is not an option), has complexity linear in the size of the prefix, or at least does not have quadratic complexity (thanks to delnan for pointing this out). Is there an alternative solution satisfying all the properties above? My intuition tells me that it is impossible to accumulate the prefix of a list in a tail-recursive fashion while maintaining the original order between the elements (i.e. without the need of using reverse to adjust the result) but I am not able to prove this. Note The solution using reverse satisfies conditions 1, 3, 4.

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  • Late feedback

    - by Sveta Smirnova
    MySQL Community team asked me to write about Devconf 2013 few months ago. Conference was in June, 2013, but I remembered about this my promise only now: month later after my participating in MySQL Connect and Expert Troubleshooting seminar (change country to United Kingdom if you see blank page). I think it is too late for the feedback, but I still have few thoughts which I want to record.DevConf (former PHPConf) always was a place where I tried new topics. At first, because I know audience there very well and they will be bored if I repeat a story which I was telling last year, but also because it is much easier to get feedback in your own native language. But last years my habit seems started to change and I presented improved version of my 2012 MySQL Connect talk about MySQL backups. Of course, I also had a seminar with unique topic, made for this conference first time: Troubleshooting MySQL Performance with EXPLAIN and Using Performance Schema to Troubleshoot MySQL. And these topics, improved, were presented at the expert seminar. It is interesting how my habit changes and one public speaking activity interferes next one.What is good about DevConf is it forces you to create new ideas and do it really well, because audience is not forgiving at all, so they catch everything you miss or prepared not good enough. This can be bad if you want to make a marketing-style topic for free, but allows to present technical features in really good details: all these sudden discussions really help.In year 2013 Oracle had a booth at the conference and was presented by a bunch of people. Dmitry Lenev presented topic "New features of replication in MySQL 5.6" and Victoria Reznichenko worked on the booth. What was new at the conference this year is greater interest in NoSQL, scale and fast development solutions. This, unfortunately, means not so huge interest in MySQL as it was earlier. However, at the same time, "Common" track was really MySQL track: not only Oracle, but people from other companies presented about it.

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  • What to learn after standard C++?

    - by Luca Cerone
    I switched to C++ a few months ago, learning its syntax, the main features of the STL and what you can usually find in a "learn C++" manual. Now I would like to go further. What would be your recommendations? I would like to know what to learn next (not only about the language, but also debugging, frameworks etc. etc.) I know probably the answer depends on the specific needs of each user, so here is a list of mine: Cross Platform development Developing GUI for my programs Develop extendible software, allowing the use of plugins Use of scientific libraries Interact with databases (mainly MySQL) Having server/client functionalities (I'd like users of my programs to interact through internet.. as you might have guessed I am not a programmer by training so I might have used the wrong terms.. if so I apologize for that). Of course I know it takes time, but I would like to have a good list of references and resources to start (both books and websites are ok). Thanks a lot for your help!

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  • Multilingual sites and Google search results, do subfolders really work?

    - by AWinter
    About three months ago we added an English version of our, previously Japanese only, site http://www.clubberia.com under the subfolder http://www.clubberia.com/en/ we've tried to follow the sometimes incomplete best practices laid out by Google by adding alternate tags to all pages that are currently translated. The top page for instance has the following meta tags for language. <link rel="canonical" href="/"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="/"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="/en/"> While the English main page under /en/ has <link rel="canonical" href="/en/"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="/"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="/en/"> We also have these alternate languages setup in the sitemap. (as per Google's recommendations) http://www.clubberia.com/sitemap.xml It seems however that Google absolutely refuses to show the English top page in results when the user is using English at google.com if you search for "clubberia" you'll, as of this post, get the Japanese description and a title that Google has apparently invented instead of the title and description in the meta-tags for the /en/ index page. Does anyone have any experience with subfolders actually working to affect search results? Am I being too impatient, or possibly doing something incorrect? Should we just give up on subfolders and push to subdomains (not the prettiest option)?

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  • Good practices when optimizing HTML5/Javascript Game Developement [closed]

    - by hustlerinc
    I'm just starting out as a game developer and have created a few crappy but playable clones of classic games like pong, and bomberman. Being self taught (bless the internet) I do this by just stuffing in code to make the games work. Now I feel the time has come to create something complete, for this I need to know how a game is structured. I've searched on the web but there isn't that much to be found. The only "high-level" language I know is javascript so reading a tutorial or article based on C++ doesn't help me that much. I'm looking for good resource's pedagogically covering the theory and possibly examples (in Javascript or pseudo code that is understandable for a beginner) of how the game pieces fit together. From the start screen to asset loading and running the game loop. I'm not looking for anything complicated like reading through a 4000 line source code. All I want to learn is where, how and when the main parts of every game should be called. If you know any good resources to share, or maybe even have an answer for me I would deeply appreciate it.

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  • Design in "mixed" languages: object oriented design or functional programming?

    - by dema80
    In the past few years, the languages I like to use are becoming more and more "functional". I now use languages that are a sort of "hybrid": C#, F#, Scala. I like to design my application using classes that correspond to the domain objects, and use functional features where this makes coding easier, more coincise and safer (especially when operating on collections or when passing functions). However the two worlds "clash" when coming to design patterns. The specific example I faced recently is the Observer pattern. I want a producer to notify some other code (the "consumers/observers", say a DB storage, a logger, and so on) when an item is created or changed. I initially did it "functionally" like this: producer.foo(item => { updateItemInDb(item); insertLog(item) }) // calls the function passed as argument as an item is processed But I'm now wondering if I should use a more "OO" approach: interface IItemObserver { onNotify(Item) } class DBObserver : IItemObserver ... class LogObserver: IItemObserver ... producer.addObserver(new DBObserver) producer.addObserver(new LogObserver) producer.foo() //calls observer in a loop Which are the pro and con of the two approach? I once heard a FP guru say that design patterns are there only because of the limitations of the language, and that's why there are so few in functional languages. Maybe this could be an example of it? EDIT: In my particular scenario I don't need it, but.. how would you implement removal and addition of "observers" in the functional way? (I.e. how would you implement all the functionalities in the pattern?) Just passing a new function, for example?

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  • Computer Says No: Mobile Apps Connectivity Messages

    - by ultan o'broin
    Sharing some insight into connectivity messages for mobile applications. Based on some recent ethnography done my myself, and prompted by a real business case, I would recommend a message that: In plain language, briefly and directly tells the user what is wrong and why. Something like: Cannot connect because of a network problem. Affords the user a means to retry connecting (or attempts automatically). Mobile context of use means users use anticipate interruptibility and disruption of task, so they will try again as an effective course of action. Tells the user when connection is re-established, and off they go. Saves any work already done, implicitly. (Bonus points on the ADF critical task setting scale) The following images showing my experience reading ADF-EMG Google Groups notification my (Android ICS) Samsung Galaxy S2 during a loss of WiFi give you a good idea of a suitable kind of messaging user experience for mobile apps in this kind of scenario. Inline connection lost message with Retry button Connection re-established toaster message The UX possible is dependent on device and platform features, sure, so remember to integrate with the device capability (see point 10 of this great article on mobile design by Brent White and Lynn Hnilo-Rampoldi) but taking these considerations into account is far superior to a context-free dumbed down common error message repurposed from the desktop mentality about the connection to the server being lost, so just "Click OK" or "Contact your sysadmin.".

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  • Structure of a .NET Assembly

    - by Om Talsania
    Assembly is the smallest unit of deployment in .NET Framework.When you compile your C# code, it will get converted into a managed module. A managed module is a standard EXE or DLL. This managed module will have the IL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) code and the metadata. Apart from this it will also have header information.The following table describes parts of a managed module.PartDescriptionPE HeaderPE32 Header for 32-bit PE32+ Header for 64-bit This is a standard Windows PE header which indicates the type of the file, i.e. whether it is an EXE or a DLL. It also contains the timestamp of the file creation date and time. It also contains some other fields which might be needed for an unmanaged PE (Portable Executable), but not important for a managed one. For managed PE, the next header i.e. CLR header is more importantCLR HeaderContains the version of the CLR required, some flags, token of the entry point method (Main), size and location of the metadata, resources, strong name, etc.MetadataThere can be many metadata tables. They can be categorized into 2 major categories.1. Tables that describe the types and members defined in your code2. Tables that describe the types and members referenced by your codeIL CodeMSIL representation of the C# code. At runtime, the CLR converts it into native instructions

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  • Matrices: Arrays or separate member variables?

    - by bjz
    I'm teaching myself 3D maths and in the process building my own rudimentary engine (of sorts). I was wondering what would be the best way to structure my matrix class. There are a few options: Separate member variables: struct Mat4 { float m11, m12, m13, m14, m21, m22, m23, m24, m31, m32, m33, m34, m41, m42, m43, m44; // methods } A multi-dimensional array: struct Mat4 { float[4][4] m; // methods } An array of vectors struct Mat4 { Vec4[4] m; // methods } I'm guessing there would be positives and negatives to each. From 3D Math Primer for Graphics and Game Development, 2nd Edition p.155: Matrices use 1-based indices, so the first row and column are numbered 1. For example, a12 (read “a one two,” not “a twelve”) is the element in the first row, second column. Notice that this is different from programming languages such as C++ and Java, which use 0-based array indices. A matrix does not have a column 0 or row 0. This difference in indexing can cause some confusion if matrices are stored using an actual array data type. For this reason, it’s common for classes that store small, fixed size matrices of the type used for geometric purposes to give each element its own named member variable, such as float a11, instead of using the language’s native array support with something like float elem[3][3]. So that's one vote for method one. Is this really the accepted way to do things? It seems rather unwieldy if the only benefit would be sticking with the conventional math notation.

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  • Is this a decent use-case for goto in C?

    - by Robz
    I really hesitate to ask this, because I don't want to "solicit debate, arguments, polling, or extended discussion" but I'm new to C and want to gain more insight into common patterns used in the language. I recently heard some distaste for the goto command, but I've also recently found a decent use-case for it. Code like this: error = function_that_could_fail_1(); if (!error) { error = function_that_could_fail_2(); if (!error) { error = function_that_could_fail_3(); ...to the n-th tab level! } else { // deal with error, clean up, and return error code } } else { // deal with error, clean up, and return error code } If the clean-up part is all very similar, could be written a little prettier (my opinion?) like this: error = function_that_could_fail_1(); if(error) { goto cleanup; } error = function_that_could_fail_2(); if(error) { goto cleanup; } error = function_that_could_fail_3(); if(error) { goto cleanup; } ... cleanup: // deal with error if it exists, clean up // return error code Is this a common or acceptable use-case of goto in C? Is there a different/better way to do this?

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  • Diving into a computer science career [closed]

    - by Willis
    Well first I would like to say thank you for taking the time to read my question. I'll give you some background. I graduated two years ago from a local UC in my state with a degree in cognitive psychology and worked in a neuroscience lab. During this time I was exposed to some light Matlab programming and other programming tidbits, but before this I had some basic understanding of programming. My father worked IT for a company when I was younger so I picked up his books and took learned things along the way growing up. Naturally I'm an inquisitive person, constantly learning, love challenges, and have had exposure to some languages. Yet at this point I was fully pursue it as a career and always had this in the back of my head. Where do I start? I'm 25 and feel like I still have time to make a switch. I've immersed myself in the terminal/command prompt to start, but which language do I focus on? I've read the A+ book and planning to take on the exam, then the networking exam, but I want to deal with more programming, development, and troubleshooting. I understand to get involved in open source, but where? I took the next step and got a small IT assistant job, but doesn't really deal with programming, development, just troubling shooting and small network issues. Thank you!

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  • Finding the best practice for a game simulating tool

    - by Tougheart
    I'm studying Java right now, and I'm thinking of this tool as my practice project. The game is "League of Legends" in case anyone knows it, I'm not actually simulating the game as in simulating game play, I'm just trying to create a tool that can compare different champions to each other based on their own abilities and items bought inside the game. The game basics are: Every player has a champion in a team of 5 players playing against another team. Each champion has a different set of abilities (usually 4) that s/he uses to do damage to opposing champions. Each champion gets stronger by buying different items, increasing the attack it deals or decreasing the damage received. What I want to do is to create a tool to be used outside the game enabling players to try out different builds for their champions and compare the figures against other champions they usually fight against. The goal is to enable players get a deeper understanding of the different item combinations (builds) that can be used during the games, instead of trying them out in real games which can be somehow very time consuming. What I'm stuck at is the best practice I should follow to make this possible using Java, I can't figure out which classes should inherit from which, should I make champions and items specs in the code or extracted from other files, specially that I'm talking about hundreds of items and champions to use in that tool. I'm self studying Java, and I don't have much practice at it, so I would really appreciate any broad guidelines regarding this, and sorry if my question doesn't fit here, I tried to follow the rules. English isn't my native language, so I'm really sorry if I wasn't clear enough, I would be more than happy to explain anything that's not understood.

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  • Are specific types still necessary?

    - by MKO
    One thing that occurred to me the other day, are specific types still necessary or a legacy that is holding us back. What I mean is: do we really need short, int, long, bigint etc etc. I understand the reasoning, variables/objects are kept in memory, memory needs to be allocated and therefore we need to know how big a variable can be. But really, shouldn't a modern programming language be able to handle "adaptive types", ie, if something is only ever allocated in the shortint range it uses fewer bytes, and if something is suddenly allocated a very big number the memory is allocated accordinly for that particular instance. Float, real and double's are a bit trickier since the type depends on what precision you need. Strings should however be able to take upp less memory in many instances (in .Net) where mostly ascii is used buth strings always take up double the memory because of unicode encoding. One argument for specific types might be that it's part of the specification, ie for example a variable should not be able to be bigger than a certain value so we set it to shortint. But why not have type constraints instead? It would be much more flexible and powerful to be able to set permissible ranges and values on variables (and properties). I realize the immense problem in revamping the type architecture since it's so tightly integrated with underlying hardware and things like serialization might become tricky indeed. But from a programming perspective it should be great no?

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  • How will closures in Java impact the Java Community?

    - by Ryan Delucchi
    It is one of the most talked about features planned for Java: Closures. Many of us have been longing for them. Some of us (including I) have grown a bit impatient and have turned to scripting languages to fill the void. But, once closures have finally arrived to Java: how will they effect the Java Community? Will the advancement of VM-targetted scripting languages slow to a crawl, stay the same, or acclerate? Will people flock to the new closure syntax, thus turning Java code-bases all-around into more functionally structured implementations? Will we only see closures sprinkled in Java throughout? What will be the effect on tool/IDE support? How about performance? And finally, what will it mean for Java's continued adoption, as a language, compared with other languages that are rising in popularity? To provide an example of one of the latest proposed Java Closure syntax specs: public interface StringOperation { String invoke(String s); } // ... (new StringOperation() { public invoke(String s) { new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString(); } }).invoke("abcd"); would become ... String reversed = { String s => new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString() }.invoke("abcd"); [source: http://tronicek.blogspot.com/2007/12/closures-closure-is-form-of-anonymous_28.html]

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  • Is wrapping a third party code the only solution to unit test its consumers? [closed]

    - by Songo
    I'm doing unit testing and in one of my classes I need to send a mail from one of the methods, so using constructor injection I inject an instance of Zend_Mail class which is in Zend framework. Now some people argue that if a library is stable enough and won't change often then there is no need to wrap it. So assuming that Zend_Mail is stable and won't change and it fits my needs entirely, then I won't need a wrapper for it. Now take a look at my class Logger that depends on Zend_Mail: class Logger{ private $mailer; function __construct(Zend_Mail $mail){ $this->mail=$mail; } function toBeTestedFunction(){ //Some code $this->mail->setTo('some value'); $this->mail->setSubject('some value'); $this->mail->setBody('some value'); $this->mail->send(); //Some } } However, Unit testing demands that I test one component at a time, so I need to mock the Zend_Mail class. In addition I'm violating the Dependency Inversion principle as my Logger class now depends on concretion not abstraction. Now is wrapping Zend_Mail the only solution or is there a better approach to this problem? The code is in PHP, but answers doesn't have to be. This is more of a design issue than a language specific feature

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  • Directing Multiple ccTLD's to 1 gTLD with a country specific subdirectory?

    - by Pascal Van Opzeeland
    We have multiple ccTLDomains and are thinking about how to best combine these into one. We want to do this to focus our link building efforts. We are running a website through which we offer a software-as-a-service. Therefore we could potentially sell to any country in the world. However, Germany is our most important market. We currently have a .com, .de, .nl. and .pl domain. All these domains have a high amount of unique content pages. What we are planning is to change everything to .com with language-based subdirectories, so .com/en/, .com/de/, etc. I have two questions concerning this issue: 1) How much of an advantage does a ccTLD have over a gTLD with country specific subdirectories in search rankings? So let’s say .de versus .com/de/? 2) How could we best redirect the visitors of our old ccTLD’s to our gTLD’s subdirectories? We would like to loose as few search engine rankings as possible. Thank you for your help.

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