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• R: ggplot2, how to add a number of layers to a plot at once to reduce code

  - by John

  library(ggplot2) This code produces a nice looking plot: qplot(cty, hwy, data = mpg, colour = displ) + scale_y_log2() + labs(x="x axis") + labs(y="y axis") + opts(title = "my title") But I want to setup variables to try and to reduce code repetition: log_scale <- scale_y_log2() xscale <- labs(x="x axis") yscale <- labs(y="y axis") title <- opts(title = "my title") my_scales <- c(log_scale, xscale, yscale, title) # make a variable to hold the scale info changes above So that I can do this and add a bunch of things at the same time: qplot(cty, hwy, data = mpg, colour = displ) + my_scales # add these to your plot. but I get this error: Error in object$class : $ operator is invalid for atomic vectors I realize that the things going into my_scales need to be layers / different types of objects, but I don't see what they should be.

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• Generate n-dimensional random numbers in Python

  - by Magsol

  I'm trying to generate random numbers from a gaussian distribution. Python has the very useful random.gauss() method, but this is only a one-dimensional random variable. How could I programmatically generate random numbers from this distribution in n-dimensions? For example, in two dimensions, the return value of this method is essentially distance from the mean, so I would still need (x,y) coordinates to determine an actual data point. I suppose I could generate two more random numbers, but I'm not sure how to set up the constraints. I appreciate any insights. Thanks!

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• adldap class, need to search for user in two groups

  - by Brad

  http://adldap.sourceforge.net/wiki/doku.php?id=api_user_functions#user_ingroup_username_group_recursive_null I am using the adLDAP class above to authenticate users against our ldap server. I was wondering how I could check multiple groups to see if the user belongs to either, if they belong to either. I don't know if user_ingroup($username,$group,$recursive=NULL); can handle search two different groups for the user, need help coding it to search for the user in two different groups, and as soon as it finds it in one of those, break the operation and set a variable to true. Any help is appreciated.

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• How this is code is getting compiled even though we are using a constant which is defined later?

  - by GK

  In the following code DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE is declared later, but it is used to assign a value to String variable before than that, so was curious how is it possible? public class Test { public String getName() { return this.name; } public int getCacheSize() { return this.cacheSize; } public synchronized void setCacheSize(int size) { this.cacheSize = size; System.out.println("Cache size now " + this.cacheSize); } private final String name = "Reginald"; private int cacheSize = DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE; private static final int DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE = 200; }

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• When should you use intermediate variables for expressions?

  - by froadie

  There are times that one writes code such as this: callSomeMethod(someClass.someClassMethod()); And other times when one would write the same code like this: int result = someClass.someClassMethod(); callSomeMethod(result); This is just a basic example to illustrate the point. My question isn't if you should use an intermediate variable or not, as that depends on the code and can sometimes be a good design decision and sometimes a terrible one. The question is - when would you choose one method over the other? What factors would you consider when deciding whether to use an intermediate step? (I'd assume length and understandability of the fully inlined code would have something to do with it...)

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• Which is better? private static vs private

  - by KiD0M4N

  In this code sample: public class SuperMan { private static bool IsProper(decimal x) { return x > 31.0m && x < 45.0m; } public bool CheckStuff(string a, string b, string c) { // lots of code, some of which introduces a variable x return IsProper(x) && /* other conditions */; } } Should IsProper(..) be a 'private static' or a 'private'. Assuming: IsProper(..) doesn't need to access any instance state.

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• how can I retrieve an html document from a url from javascript?

  - by Matt

  Hi, I have a url and I want to retrieve the html dom generated when going to the url (all the code for the page) in a javascript variable. How can I do this? I'm guessing an html get or post? Can anyone give an example with jQuery? Every time I do a $.get or $.post like this: $.get("http://www.google.ca", function(result) { alert(result); alert($(result).html()); }); $.post("http://www.google.ca", function(result) { alert(result); alert($(result).html()); }, "xml"); the first alert in each call comes up blank and the second comes up as null. Any ideas? Thanks, Matt

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• How to sort a gridview once a radio button is selected

  - by metashockwave

  I'm trying to sort records in the gridview right after a radio button is selected. My approach is with the dataview, but because the dataset variable doesn't survive a round trip to the server, I don't know how to make this happen. please help! Public Sub GetCustomers() db.RunProcedure("usp_customers_get_all") db.doSort(radList.SelectedValue) gvCustomers.DataSource = db.MyView End Sub Protected Sub radList_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles radList.SelectedIndexChanged If radList.SelectedValue = 0 Then db.doSort(0) gvCustomers.DataSource = db.MyView End If If radList.SelectedValue = 1 Then db.doSort(1) gvCustomers.DataSource = db.MyView End If End Sub Public Sub doSort(ByVal strIn As Integer) If strIn = 0 Then MyView.Sort = "lastname, firstname" Else MyView.Sort = "username" End If End Sub Public Sub RunProcedure(ByVal strName As String) Dim objConnection As New SqlConnection(mstrConnection) Dim mdbDataAdapter As New SqlDataAdapter(strName, objConnection) Try mdbDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure Me.mDataset.Clear() mdbDataAdapter.Fill(mDataset, "tblCustomers") MyView.Table = mDataset.Tables("tblCustomers") Catch ex As Exception Throw New Exception("stored procedure is " & strName.ToString & " error is " & ex.Message) End Try End Sub

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• Error : The Type Initializer of Deamon.Global threw an exception in c#

  - by srk

  I am using the below class file, where some variables are declared to use in the entire application. Now i used that variable [BlockLogOut] in another class file to make the value True. I just put this below line and getting error in it.. "TypeInitializationException" Global.BlockLogOut = True; The wired thing is, it was working fine for many months and i am getting this error now on the above line. Of course i was modifying some other stuffs in the application, but surely not this class file. What would have been the problem ? namespace Daemon { class Global { public static bool BlockLogOut = false; } }

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• Check if hydrated doctrine result is NULL

  - by iggnition

  Hi, I'm trying to check if a result in my DQL is NULL. I got the following DQL query: $q = self::createQuery("l") ->select('i.*, s.aantal, m.naam, c.cat_naam, a.app_id') ->from('InstalledBase i, i.Spare s, i.Apparaat a, a.Categorie c, a.Merk m') ->execute(); return $q; Now i want to check if the s.aantal is NULL so i do: if(is_null($installedbase->Spare->spare_id)) when the variable is NOT null everything works, but when it is actually NULL i get a E notice message: Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in \installedbase\templates\_index.php on line 29 It does see that it is null though because the if condition is executed. Weird thing is i'm doing the exact same thing on another page where it works no problem. But i must be doing something wrong or stupid since those messages generally don't show for nothing. So can anybody explain this to me? :)

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• ASP.net VB Timers

  - by Tom Gullen

  I would like to be able to time a page load time in ASP.net (VBscript). Adding Trace="true" to the page directive is nice, but I need to actually time an event and store it in a variable. In ASP it was easy with the Timer object, but in .net I can't find anything on Google. I need something along the lines of: Dim startTime Dim endTime startTime = now() doBigFunction() endTime = now() response.write("That took " & endTime - startTime & " milliseconds") Cheers!

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• Birt Global Integer

  - by matschie

  Hi there I have a Birt Report which read some stuff from a database. After that i want to increment a global Integer for every Detailrow that is loaded. So far i have initialized a global Integer with the following lines: importPackage(Packages.java.lang); reportContext.setPersistentGlobalVariable("minTotalPlus", new Integer(0)); After that i added the following line into a field in my detail row: reportContext.setGlobalVariable("minTotalPlus", new Integer reportContext.getGlobalVariable("minTotalPlus")) + 1); When i preview the report i get an "java.lang.NumberFormatException: null" which means that the global variable is null. Why is that so? How could I fix that?

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• Virtual class problem

  - by ugur

  What i think about virtual class is, if a derived class has a public base, let's say, class base, then a pointer to derived can be assigned to a variable of type pointer to base without use of any explicit type conversion. But what if, we are inside of base class then how can we call derived class's functions. I will give an example: class Graph{ public: Graph(string); virtual bool addEdge(string,string); } class Direct:public Graph{ public: Direct(string); bool addEdge(string,string); } Direct::Direct(string filename):Graph(filename){}; When i call constructor of Direct class then it calls Graph. Now lets think Graph function calls addedge. Graph(string str){ addedge(str,str); } When it calls addedge, even if the function is virtual, it calls Graph::edge. What i want is, to call Direct::addedge. How can it be done?

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• VIrtual class problem

  - by ugur

  What i think about virtual class is, if a derived class has a public base, let's say, class base, then a pointer to derived can be assigned to a variable of type pointer to base without use of any explicit type conversion. But what if, we are inside of base class then how can we call derived class's functions. I will give an example: class Graph{ public: Graph(string); virtual bool addEdge(string,string); } class Direct:public Graph{ public: Direct(string); bool addEdge(string,string); } Direct::Direct(string filename):Graph(filename){}; When i call constructor of Direct class then it calls Graph. Now lets think Graph function calls addedge. Graph(string str){ addedge(str,str); } When it calls addedge, even if the function is virtual, it calls Graph::edge. What i want is, to call Direct::addedge. How can it be done?

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• While loop in IL - why stloc.0 and ldloc.0?

  - by Michael Stum

  I'm trying to understand how a while loop looks in IL. I have written this C# function: static void Brackets() { while (memory[pointer] > 0) { // Snipped body of the while loop, as it's not important } } The IL looks like this: .method private hidebysig static void Brackets() cil managed { // Code size 37 (0x25) .maxstack 2 .locals init ([0] bool CS$4$0000) IL_0000: nop IL_0001: br.s IL_0012 IL_0003: nop // Snipped body of the while loop, as it's not important IL_0011: nop IL_0012: ldsfld uint8[] BFHelloWorldCSharp.Program::memory IL_0017: ldsfld int16 BFHelloWorldCSharp.Program::pointer IL_001c: ldelem.u1 IL_001d: ldc.i4.0 IL_001e: cgt IL_0020: stloc.0 IL_0021: ldloc.0 IL_0022: brtrue.s IL_0003 IL_0024: ret } // end of method Program::Brackets For the most part this is really simple, except for the part after cgt. What I don't understand is the local [0] and the stloc.0/ldloc.0. As far as I see it, cgt pushes the result to the stack, stloc.0 gets the result from the stack into the local variable, ldloc.0 pushes the result to the stack again and brtrue.s reads from the stack. What is the purpose of doing this? Couldn't this be shortened to just cgt followed by brtrue.s?

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• Empty accessors do matter? Regarding value types and their modification

  - by Petr

  Hi, I have following code that does not work due to "a" being a value typed. But I thought it would not work even without accessors, but it did: class Program { a _a //with accessors it WONT compile { get; set; } static void Main(string[] args) { Program p = new Program(); p._a.X = 5; //when both accessors are deleted, compiler does not //complain about _a.X not being as variable } } struct a { public int X; } It does not work as "a" is struct. But when I delete accessors from "_a" instance, it works. I do not understand why. Thanks

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• How do I use namespaces in Backbone with RequireJs

  - by dev.pus

  I am unsure how I use namespaces in an modularized (RequireJs) Backbone environment. I have thought a bit how it could look like but am totally unsure if this is the right way. app.js (getting executed by main.js) define('App', ['underscore', 'backbone', 'Router'], function( _, Backbone, Router){ function initialize(){ var app = {}; // app is the global namespace variable, every module exists in app app.router = new Router(); // router gets registered Backbone.history.start(); } return { initialize: initialize } }); messages.js define('MessageModel', ['underscore', 'backbone', 'App'], function(_, Backbone, App){ App.Message.Model; // registering the Message namespace with the Model class App.Message.Model = Backbone.Model.extend({ // the backbone stuff }); return App; }); Is this the right approach or am I fully on the wrong way (if yes please correct me!)

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• using document() function in .NET XSLT generates error

  - by Simon

  I'd like to use embedded resources in my XSLT file, but while invoking 'document(...)' C# complains that "Error during loading document ..." I'd like to use defined resources in XSLT file and get them by this: "document('')//my:resources/"... How can i do that?? ex xsl: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:my="xslt-gruper-v1.2.xsl" exclude-result-prefixes="my"> <my:resources> <one>tryb</one> </my:resources> <xsl:variable name="res" select="document('')/*/my:resources/("/> </xsl:stylesheet> How can i get access to such structure without exceptions in C#? I'll add that during static transform via ex. Opera everything works fine.

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• Is SynchronizationContext.Post() threadsafe?

  - by cyclotis04

  This is a pretty basic question, and I imagine that it is, but I can't find any definitive answer. Is SynchronizationContext.Post() threadsafe? I have a member variable which holds the main thread's context, and _context.Post() is being called from multiple threads. I imagine that Post() could be called simultaneously on the object. Should I do something like lock (_contextLock) _context.Post(myDelegate, myEventArgs); or is that unnecessary? Edit: MSDN states that "Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe." Should I keep my lock(), then?

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• 503 (Server Unavailable) WebException when loading local XHTML file

  - by kcoppock

  Hello! So I'm currently working on an ePub reader application, and I've been reading through a bunch of regular XML files just fine with System.Xml and XmlDocument: XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument(); xmldoc.Load(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "META-INF/container.xml")); XmlNodeList xnl = xmldoc.GetElementsByTagName("rootfile"); However, now I'm trying to open the XHTML files that contain the actual book text, and they're XHTML files. Now I don't really know the difference between the two, but I'm getting the following error with this code (in the same document, using the same XmlDocument and XmlNodeList variable) xmldoc.Load(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "OEBPS/part1.xhtml")); "WebException was unhandled: The remote server returned an error: (503) Server Unavailable" It's a local document, so I'm not understanding why it's giving this error? Any help would be greatly appreciated. :) I've got the full source code here if it helps: http://drop.io/epubtest (I know the ePubConstructor.ParseDocument() method is horribly messy, I'm just trying to get it working at the moment before I split it into classes)

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• Is there a more efficient way to set variables on a RadioButton's CheckChanged event?

  - by C Patton

  I have 16 radio buttons in an application of mine.. I have to set a variable based on which one was selected.. and I've produced some very ugly code doing this.. private void Foo_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { convertSource = 1; } private void Bar_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { convertSource = 2; } private void Baz_RadioButton_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { convertSource = 3; } Now, I've been thinking about it and to be honest I thought there might have been a way to do it with a switch.. I just can't conceptualize it in my mind. If anyone could show me a more efficient way of doing this, I'd really appreciate it. It's just really bugging me that such a simple thing as this is taking up fifty to seventy lines of code. thanks, cpatton

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• problem in return value from server to client in ajax

  - by user1400

  hello i try to use ajax and zend framework in my application , i could pass variable to server but i can not get data from server , it does not return values, it return all html code page, where is my mistake? $('#myForm').submit(function($e){ $e.preventDefault(); var $paramToServer=$("#myForm").serialize(); $.ajax({ type:'POST', url:'test', data:$paramToServer , success:function(re){ var res = $.evalJSON(re); console.log(res.id); // to see in firebog }, dataType:'json' }); }); public function testAction() { $this->_helper->getHelper('viewRenderer')->setNoRender(); //disable layout Zend_Layout::getMvcInstance()->disableLayout(); $name=$this->getRequest()->getParam ( 'name' ); //pass $name to server $return = array( 'id' => '5', 'family' => 'hello ', ); $return = Zend_Json::encode( $return); // Response $this->getResponse()->setBody($return); }

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• Python nested function scopes

  - by Thomas O

  I have code like this: def write_postcodes(self): """Write postcodes database. Write data to file pointer. Data is ordered. Initially index pages are written, grouping postcodes by the first three characters, allowing for faster searching.""" status("POSTCODE", "Preparing to sort...", 0, 1) # This function returns the key of x whilst updating the displayed # status of the sort. ctr = 0 def keyfunc(x): ctr += 1 status("POSTCODE", "Sorting postcodes", ctr, len(self.postcodes)) return x sort_res = self.postcodes[:] sort_res.sort(key=keyfunc) But ctr responds with a NameError: Traceback (most recent call last): File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 53, in <module> w.write_postcodes() File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 47, in write_postcodes sort_res.sort(key=keyfunc) File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 43, in keyfunc ctr += 1 UnboundLocalError: local variable 'ctr' referenced before assignment How can I fix this? I thought nester scopes would have allowed me to do this. I've tried with 'global', but it still doesn't work.

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• Resharper and var

  - by Refracted Paladin

  I have Resharper 4.5 and have found it invaluable so far but I have a concern; It seems to want to make every variable declaration implicit(var). As a relativly new developer how much should I trust ReSharper when it comes to this? Take the below code snippet from a method that Paints Tab Headers. TabPage currentTab = tabCaseNotes.TabPages[e.Index]; Rectangle itemRect = tabCaseNotes.GetTabRect(e.Index); SolidBrush fillBrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Linen); SolidBrush textBrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black); StringFormat sf = new StringFormat { Alignment = StringAlignment.Center, LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center }; Resharper wants me to change all 5 of those to var. I have read the following similar post,Use of var keyword in C#, but I would like to know from a Resharper standpoint. Thanks!

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• how to check only one item in checkedlistbox

  - by Shashi Jaiswal

  I have check list box control and i want to select only one item at a time and i am currently using this code to do the same. private void CLSTVariable_ItemCheck(object sender, ItemCheckEventArgs e) { // Local variable int ListIndex; CLSTVariable.ItemCheck -= CLSTVariable_ItemCheck; for (ListIndex = 0; ListIndex < CLSTVariable.Items.Count; ListIndex++) { // Unchecked all items that is not currently selected if (CLSTVariable.SelectedIndex != ListIndex) { // set item as unchecked CLSTVariable.SetItemChecked(ListIndex, false); } // if else { // set selected item as checked CLSTVariable.SetItemChecked(ListIndex, true); } } // for CLSTVariable.ItemCheck += CLSTVariable_ItemCheck; } this code is working fine. but problem is that when i click again and again on selected item then that selected item should not be unchecked, means at least one item should be checked always...

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