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• How to generate a random unique string with more than 2^30 combination. I also wanted to reverse the process. Is this possible?

  - by Yusuf S

  I have a string which contains 3 elements: a 3 digit code (example: SIN, ABD, SMS, etc) a 1 digit code type (example: 1, 2, 3, etc) a 3 digit number (example: 500, 123, 345) Example string: SIN1500, ABD2123, SMS3345, etc.. I wanted to generate a UNIQUE 10 digit alphanumeric and case sensitive string (only 0-9/a-z/A-Z is allowed), with more than 2^30 (about 1 billion) unique combination per string supplied. The generated code must have a particular algorithm so that I can reverse the process. For example: public static void main(String[] args) { String test = "ABD2123"; String result = generateData(test); System.out.println(generateOutput(test)); //for example, the output of this is: 1jS8g4GDn0 System.out.println(generateOutput(result)); //the output of this will be ABD2123 (the original string supplied) } What I wanted to ask is is there any ideas/examples/libraries in java that can do this? Or at least any hint on what keyword should I put on Google? I tried googling using the keyword java checksum, rng, security, random number, etc and also tried looking at some random number solution (java SecureRandom, xorshift RNG, java.util.zip's checksum, etc) but I can't seem to find one? Thanks! EDIT: My use case for this program is to generate some kind of unique voucher number to be used by specific customers. The string supplied will contains 3 digit code for company ID, 1 digit code for voucher type, and a 3 digit number for the voucher nominal. I also tried adding 3 random alphanumeric (so the final digit is 7 + 3 digit = 10 digit). This is what I've done so far, but the result is not very good (only about 100 thousand combination): public static String in ="somerandomstrings"; public static String out="someotherrandomstrings"; public static String encrypt(String kata) throws Exception { String result=""; String ina=in; String outa=out; Random ran = new Random(); Integer modulus=in.length(); Integer offset= ((Integer.parseInt(Utils.convertDateToString(new Date(), "SS")))+ran.nextInt(60))/2%modulus; result=ina.substring(offset, offset+1); ina=ina+ina; ina=ina.substring(offset, offset+modulus); result=result+translate(kata, ina, outa); return result; } EDIT: I'm sorry I forgot to put the "translate" function : public static String translate(String kata,String seq1, String seq2){ String result=""; if(kata!=null&seq1!=null&seq2!=null){ String[] a=kata.split(""); for (int j = 1; j < a.length; j++) { String b=a[j]; String[]seq1split=seq1.split(""); String[]seq2split=seq2.split(""); int hint=seq1.indexOf(b)+1; String sq=""; if(seq1split.length>hint) sq=seq1split[hint]; String sq1=""; if(seq2split.length>hint) sq1=seq2split[hint]; b=b.replace(sq, sq1); result=result+b; } } return result; }

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• Fastest way to read data from a lot of ASCII files

  - by Alsenes

  Hi guys, for a college exercise that I've already submitted I needed to read a .txt file wich contained a lot of names of images(1 in each line). Then I needed to open each image as an ascii file, and read their data(images where in ppm format), and do a series of things with them. The things is, I noticed my program was taking 70% of the time in the reading the data from the file part, instead of in the other calculations that I was doing (finding number of repetitions of each pixel with a hash table, finding diferents pixels beetween 2 images etc..), which I found quite odd to say the least. This is how the ppm format looks like: P3 //This value can be ignored when reading the file, because all image will be correctly formatted 4 4 255 //This value can be also ignored, will be always 255. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 7 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 This is how I was reading the data from the files: ifstream fdatos; fdatos.open(argv[1]); //Open file with the name of all the images const int size = 128; char file[size]; //Where I'll get the image name Image *img; while (fdatos >> file) { //While there's still images anmes left, continue ifstream fimagen; fimagen.open(file); //Open image file img = new Image(fimagen); //Create new image object with it's data file ……… //Rest of the calculations whith that image ……… delete img; //Delete image object after done fimagen.close(); //Close image file after done } fdatos.close(); And inside the image object read the data like this: const int tallafirma = 100; char firma[tallafirma]; fich_in >> std::setw(100) >> firma; // Read the P3 part, can be ignored int maxvalue, numpixels; fich_in >> height >> width >> maxvalue; // Read the next three values numpixels = height*width; datos = new Pixel[numpixels]; int r,g,b; //Don't need to be ints, max value is 256, so an unsigned char would be ok. for (int i=0; i<numpixels; i++) { fich_in >> r >> g >> b; datos[i] = Pixel( r, g ,b); } //This last part is the slow one, //I thing I should be able to read all this data in one single read //to buffer or something which would be stored in an array of unsigned chars, //and then I'd only need to to do: //buffer[0] -> //Pixel 1 - Red data //buffer[1] -> //Pixel 1 - Green data //buffer[2] -> //Pixel 1 - Blue data So, any Ideas? I think I can improve it quite a bit reading all to an array in one single call, I just don't know how that is done. Also, is it posible to know how many images will be in the "index file"? Is it posiible to know the number of lines a file has?(because there's one file name per line..) Thanks!!

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• Parse filename, insert to SQL

  - by jakesankey

  Thanks to Code Poet, I am now working off of this code to parse all .txt files in a directory and store them in a database. I need a bit more help though... The file names are R303717COMP_148A2075_20100520.txt (the middle section is unique per file). I would like to add something to code so that it can parse out the R303717COMP and put that in the left column of the database such as: (this is not the only R number we have) R303717COMP data data data R303717COMP data data data R303717COMP data data data etc Lastly, I would like to have it store each full file name into another table that gets checked so that it doesn't get processed twice.. Any Help is appreciated. using System; using System.Data; using System.Data.SQLite; using System.IO; namespace CSVImport { internal class Program { private static void Main(string[] args) { using (SQLiteConnection con = new SQLiteConnection("data source=data.db3")) { if (!File.Exists("data.db3")) { con.Open(); using (SQLiteCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand()) { cmd.CommandText = @" CREATE TABLE [Import] ( [RowId] integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, [FeatType] varchar, [FeatName] varchar, [Value] varchar, [Actual] decimal, [Nominal] decimal, [Dev] decimal, [TolMin] decimal, [TolPlus] decimal, [OutOfTol] decimal, [Comment] nvarchar);"; cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } con.Close(); } con.Open(); using (SQLiteCommand insertCommand = con.CreateCommand()) { insertCommand.CommandText = @" INSERT INTO Import (FeatType, FeatName, Value, Actual, Nominal, Dev, TolMin, TolPlus, OutOfTol, Comment) VALUES (@FeatType, @FeatName, @Value, @Actual, @Nominal, @Dev, @TolMin, @TolPlus, @OutOfTol, @Comment);"; insertCommand.Parameters.Add(new SQLiteParameter("@FeatType", DbType.String)); insertCommand.Parameters.Add(new SQLiteParameter("@FeatName", DbType.String)); insertCommand.Parameters.Add(new SQLiteParameter("@Value", DbType.String)); insertCommand.Parameters.Add(new SQLiteParameter("@Actual", DbType.Decimal)); insertCommand.Parameters.Add(new SQLiteParameter("@Nominal", DbType.Decimal)); insertCommand.Parameters.Add(new SQLiteParameter("@Dev", DbType.Decimal)); insertCommand.Parameters.Add(new SQLiteParameter("@TolMin", DbType.Decimal)); insertCommand.Parameters.Add(new SQLiteParameter("@TolPlus", DbType.Decimal)); insertCommand.Parameters.Add(new SQLiteParameter("@OutOfTol", DbType.Decimal)); insertCommand.Parameters.Add(new SQLiteParameter("@Comment", DbType.String)); string[] files = Directory.GetFiles(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "TextFile*.*"); foreach (string file in files) { string[] lines = File.ReadAllLines(file); bool parse = false; foreach (string tmpLine in lines) { string line = tmpLine.Trim(); if (!parse && line.StartsWith("Feat. Type,")) { parse = true; continue; } if (!parse || string.IsNullOrEmpty(line)) { continue; } foreach (SQLiteParameter parameter in insertCommand.Parameters) { parameter.Value = null; } string[] values = line.Split(new[] {','}); for (int i = 0; i < values.Length - 1; i++) { SQLiteParameter param = insertCommand.Parameters[i]; if (param.DbType == DbType.Decimal) { decimal value; param.Value = decimal.TryParse(values[i], out value) ? value : 0; } else { param.Value = values[i]; } } insertCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(); } } } con.Close(); } } } }

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• Termite colony simulator using java

  - by ashii

  hi everyone, i hve to design a simulator that will maintain an environment, which consists of a collection of patches arranged in a rectangular grid of arbitrary size. Each patch contains zero or more wood chips. A patch may be occupied by one or more termites or predators, which are mobile entities that live within the world and behave according to simple rules. A TERMITE can pick up a wood chip from the patch that it is currently on, or drop a wood chip that it is carrying. Termites travel around the grid by moving randomly from their current patch to a neighbouring patch, in one of four possible directions. New termites may hatch from eggs, and this is simulated by the appearance of a new termite at a random patch within the environment. A PREDATOR moves in a similar way to termites, and if a predator moves onto a patch that is occupied by a termite, then the predator eats the termite. At initialization, the termites, predators, and wood chips are distributed randomly in the environment. Simulation then proceeds in a loop, and the new state of the environment is obtained at each iteration. i have designed the arena using jpanel but im not able to randomnly place wood,termite and predator in that arena. can any one help me out?? my code for the arena is as following: 01 import java.awt.*; 02 import javax.swing.*; 03 04 public class Arena extends JPanel 05 { 06 private static final int Rows = 8; 07 private static final int Cols = 8; 08 public void paint(Graphics g) 09 { 10 Dimension d = this.getSize(); 11 // don't draw both sets of squares, when you can draw one 12 // fill in the entire thing with one color 13 g.setColor(Color.WHITE); 14 // make the background 15 g.fillRect(0,0,d.width,d.height); 16 // draw only black 17 g.setColor(Color.BLACK); 18 // pick a square size based on the smallest dimension 19 int sqsize = ((d.width<d.height) ? d.width/Cols : d.height/Rows); 20 // loop for rows 21 for (int row=0; row<Rows; row++) 22 { 23 int y = row*sqsize; // y stays same for entire row, set here 24 int x = (row%2)*sqsize; // x starts at 0 or one square in 25 for (int i=0; i<Cols/2; i++) 26 { 27 // you will only be drawing half the squares per row 28 // draw square 29 g.fillRect(x,y,sqsize,sqsize); 30 // move two square sizes over 31 x += sqsize*2; 32 } 33 } 34 35 } 36 37 38 39 public void update(Graphics g) { paint(g); } 40 41 42 43 public static void main (String[] args) 44 { 45 46 JFrame frame = new JFrame("Arena"); 47 frame.setSize(600,400); 48 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 49 frame.setContentPane(new Arena()); 50 frame.setVisible(true); 51 } 52 53 }

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• Reconciling a new BindingList into a master BindingList using LINQ

  - by Neo

  I have a seemingly simple problem whereby I wish to reconcile two lists so that an 'old' master list is updated by a 'new' list containing updated elements. Elements are denoted by a key property. These are my requirements: All elements in either list that have the same key results in an assignment of that element from the 'new' list over the original element in the 'old' list only if any properties have changed. Any elements in the 'new' list that have keys not in the 'old' list will be added to the 'old' list. Any elements in the 'old' list that have keys not in the 'new' list will be removed from the 'old' list. I found an equivalent problem here - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/161432/ - but it hasn't really been answered properly. So, I came up with an algorithm to iterate through the old and new lists and perform the reconciliation as per the above. Before anyone asks why I'm not just replacing the old list object with the new list object in its entirety, it's for presentation purposes - this is a BindingList bound to a grid on a GUI and I need to prevent refresh artifacts such as blinking, scrollbars moving, etc. So the list object must remain the same, only its updated elements changed. Another thing to note is that the objects in the 'new' list, even if the key is the same and all the properties are the same, are completely different instances to the equivalent objects in the 'old' list, so copying references is not an option. Below is what I've come up with so far - it's a generic extension method for a BindingList. I've put comments in to demonstrate what I'm trying to do. public static class BindingListExtension { public static void Reconcile<T>(this BindingList<T> left, BindingList<T> right, string key) { PropertyInfo piKey = typeof(T).GetProperty(key); // Go through each item in the new list in order to find all updated and new elements foreach (T newObj in right) { // First, find an object in the new list that shares its key with an object in the old list T oldObj = left.First(call => piKey.GetValue(call, null).Equals(piKey.GetValue(newObj, null))); if (oldObj != null) { // An object in each list was found with the same key, so now check to see if any properties have changed and // if any have, then assign the object from the new list over the top of the equivalent element in the old list foreach (PropertyInfo pi in typeof(T).GetProperties()) { if (!pi.GetValue(oldObj, null).Equals(pi.GetValue(newObj, null))) { left[left.IndexOf(oldObj)] = newObj; break; } } } else { // The object in the new list is brand new (has a new key), so add it to the old list left.Add(newObj); } } // Now, go through each item in the old list to find all elements with keys no longer in the new list foreach (T oldObj in left) { // Look for an element in the new list with a key matching an element in the old list if (right.First(call => piKey.GetValue(call, null).Equals(piKey.GetValue(oldObj, null))) == null) { // A matching element cannot be found in the new list, so remove the item from the old list left.Remove(oldObj); } } } } It can be called like this: _oldBindingList.Reconcile(newBindingList, "MyKey") However, I'm looking for perhaps a method of doing the same using LINQ type methods such as GroupJoin<, Join<, Select<, SelectMany<, Intersect<, etc. So far, the problem I've had is that each of these LINQ type methods result in brand new intermediary lists (as a return value) and really, I only want to modify the existing list for all the above reasons. If anyone can help with this, would be most appreciated. If not, no worries, the above method (as it were) will suffice for now. Thanks, Jason

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• Help to argue why to develop software on a physical computer rather than via a remote desktop

  - by s5804

  Remote desktops are great and many times a blessing and cost effective (instead of leasing expensive cables). I am not arguing against remote desktops, just if one have the alternative to use either remote desktop or physical computer, I would choose the later. Also note that I am not arguing for or against remote work practices. But in my case I am required to be physically present in the office when developing software. Background, I work in a company which main business is not to develop software. Therefore the company IT policies are mainly focused on security and to efficiently deploying/maintaing thousands of computer to users. Further, the typical employee runs typical Office applications, like a word processors. Because safety/stability is such a big priority, every non production system/application, shall be deployed into a physical different network, called the test network. Software development of course also belongs in the test network. To access the test network the company has created a standard policy, which dictates that access to the test network shall go only via a remote desktop client. Practically from ones production computer one would open up a remote desktop client to a virtual computer located in the test network. On the virtual computer's remote desktop one would be able to access/run/install all development tools, like Eclipse IDE. Another solution would be to have a dedicated physical computer, which is physically only connected to the test network. Both solutions are available in the company. I have tested both approaches and found running Eclipse IDE, SQL developer, in the remote desktop client to be sluggish (keyboard strokes are delayed), commands like alt-tab takes me out of the remote client, enjoying... Further, screen resolution and colors are different, just to mention a few. Therefore there is nothing technical wrong with the remote client, just not optimal and frankly de-motivating. Now with the new policies put in place, plans are to remove the physical computers connected to the test network. I am looking for help to argue for why software developers shall have a dedicated physical software development computer, to be productive and cost effective. Remember that we are physically in office. Further one can notice that we are talking about approx. 50 computers out of 2000 employees. Therefore the extra budget is relatively small. This is more about policy than cost. Please note that there are lots of similar setups in other companies that work great due to a perfectly tuned systems. However, in my case it is sluggish and it would cost more money to trouble shoot the performance and fine tune it rather than to have a few physical computers. As a business case we have argued that productivity will go down by 25%, however it's my feeling that the reality is probably closer to 50%. This business case isn't really accepted and I find it very difficult to defend it to managers that has never ever used a rich IDE in their life, never mind developed software. Further the test network and remote client has no guaranteed service level, therefore it is down for a few hours per month with the lowest priority on the fix list. Help is appreciated.

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• How to develop an english .com domain value rating algorithm?

  - by Tom

  I've been thinking about an algorithm that should rougly be able to guess the value of an english .com domain in most cases. For this to work I want to perform tests that consider the strengths and weaknesses of an english .com domain. A simple point based system is what I had in mind, where each domain property can be given a certain weight to factor it's importance in. I had these properties in mind: domain character length Eg. initially 20 points are added. If the domain has 4 or less characters, no points are substracted. For each extra character, one or more points are substracted on an exponential basis (the more characters, the higher the penalty). domain characters Eg. initially 20 points are added. If the domain is only alphabetic, no points are substracted. For each non-alhabetic character, X points are substracted (exponential increase again). domain name words Scans through a big offline english database, including non-formal speech, eg. words like "tweet" should be recognized. Question 1 : where can I get a modern list of english words for use in such application? Are these lists available for free? Are there lists like these with non-formal words? The more words are found per character, the more points are added. So, a domain with a lot of characters will still not get a lot of points. words hype-level I believe this is a tricky one, but this should be the cause to differentiate perfect but boring domains from perfect and interesting domains. For example, the following domain is probably not that valueable: www.peanutgalaxy.com The algorithm should identify that peanuts and galaxies are not very popular topics on the web. This is just an example. On the other side, a domain like www.shopdeals.com should ring a bell to the hype test, as shops and deals are quite popular on the web. My initial thought would be to see how often these keywords are references to on the web, preferably with some database. Question 2: is this logic flawed, or does this hype level test have merit? Question 3: are such "hype databases" available? Or is there anything else that could work offline? The problem with eg. a query to google is that it requires a lot of requests due to the many domains to be tested. domain name spelling mistakes Domains like "freemoneyz.com" etc. are generally (notice I am making a lot of assumptions in this post but that's necessary I believe) not valueable due to the spelling mistakes. Question 4: are there any offline APIs available to check for spelling mistakes, preferably in javascript or some database that I can use interact with myself. Or should a word list help here as well? use of consonants, vowels etc. A domain that is easy to pronounce (eg. Google) is usually much more valueable than one that is not (eg. Gkyld). Question 5: how does one test for such pronuncability? Do you check for consonants, vowels, etc.? What does a valueable domain have? Has there been any work in this field, where should I look? That is what I came up with, which leads me to my final two questions. Question 6: can you think of any more english .com domain strengths or weaknesses? Which? How would you implement these? Question 7: do you believe this idea has any merit or all, or am I too naive? Anything I should know, read or hear about? Suggestions/comments? Thanks!

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• how to add multiple filters to pagination?

  - by ClarkSKent

  Hey, I am trying to allow multiple filters to be selected for my pagination script. So in my pagination, when a user clicks the 'marketing' button(link) it queries the database just for the category that = marketing. The same goes for the other 2 filter buttons as seen in the script below. (automotive, sports). The problem is, I want to be able to select multiple filters like only marketing and auomotive or automotive and sports, for example if I click the marketing filter and then the automotive, it would display the categories that equal marketing, and automotive. I have no idea how to accomplish this, so I have come to the experts to help me out. This is the script I am working on (I am very new to PHP and programming in general): <h3>Filter results by:</h3> <a href='pagi_test.php?category=marketing'>marketing</a> <a href='pagi_test.php?category=automotive'>automotive</a> <a href='pagi_test.php?category=sports'>sports</a> <br /> <h3>Results:</h3> <?php //connecting to the database $error = "Could not connect to the database"; mysql_connect('localhost','root','root') or die($error); mysql_select_db('ajax_demo') or die($error); //max displayed per page $per_page = 3; //get start variable $start = $_GET['start']; $category = mysql_real_escape_string($_GET['category']); //count records $record_count = mysql_num_rows(mysql_query("SELECT * FROM explore WHERE category='$category'")); //count max pages $max_pages = $record_count / $per_page; //may come out as decimal if (!$start) $start = 0; //display data $get = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM explore WHERE category='$category' LIMIT $start, $per_page"); ?> <table width="800px"> <?php while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($get)) { // get data $id = $row['id']; $site_name = $row['site_name']; $site_description = $row['site_description']; ?> <tr> <td><?php echo $id; ?></td> <td><?php echo $site_name; ?></td> <td><?php echo $site_description; ?></td> </tr> <?php } //setup prev and next variables $prev = $start - $per_page; $next = $start + $per_page; //show prev button if (!($start<=0)) echo "<a href='pagi_test.php?category=$category&start=$prev'>Prev</a> "; //show page numbers //set variable for first page $i=1; for ($x=0;$x<$record_count;$x=$x+$per_page) { if ($start!=$x) echo " <a href='pagi_test.php?category=$category&start=$x'>$i</a> "; else echo " <a href='pagi_test.php?category=$category&start=$x'><b>$i</b></a> "; $i++; } //show next button if (!($start>=$record_count-$per_page)) echo " <a href='pagi_test.php?category=$category&start=$next'>Next</a>"; ?>

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• Reading a user input (character or string of letters) into ggplot command inside a switch statement or a nested ifelse (with functions in it)

  - by statisticalbeginner

  I have code like AA <- as.integer(readline("Select any number")) switch(AA, 1={ num <-as.integer(readline("Select any one of the options \n")) print('You have selected option 1') #reading user data var <- readline("enter the variable name \n") #aggregating the data based on required condition gg1 <- aggregate(cbind(get(var))~Mi+hours,a, FUN=mean) #Ploting ggplot(gg1, aes(x = hours, y = get(var), group = Mi, fill = Mi, color = Mi)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth(stat="smooth", alpha = I(0.01)) }, 2={ print('bar') }, { print('default') } ) The dataset is [dataset][1] I have loaded the dataset into object list a <- read.table(file.choose(), header=FALSE,col.names= c("Ei","Mi","hours","Nphy","Cphy","CHLphy","Nhet","Chet","Ndet","Cdet","DON","DOC","DIN","DIC","AT","dCCHO","TEPC","Ncocco","Ccocco","CHLcocco","PICcocco","par","Temp","Sal","co2atm","u10","dicfl","co2ppm","co2mol","pH")) I am getting error like source ("switch_statement_check.R") Select any one of the options 1 [1] "You have selected option 1" enter the variable name Nphy Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos) : (list) object cannot be coerced to type 'double' > gg1 is getting data that is fine. I dont know what to do to make the variable entered by user to work in that ggplot command. Please suggest any solution for this. The dput output structure(list(Ei = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), Mi = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), hours = 1:6, Nphy = c(0.1023488, 0.104524, 0.1064772, 0.1081702, 0.1095905, 0.110759), Cphy = c(0.6534707, 0.6448216, 0.6369597, 0.6299084, 0.6239005, 0.6191941), CHLphy = c(0.1053458, 0.110325, 0.1148174, 0.1187672, 0.122146, 0.1249877), Nhet = c(0.04994161, 0.04988347, 0.04982555, 0.04976784, 0.04971029, 0.04965285), Chet = c(0.3308593, 0.3304699, 0.3300819, 0.3296952, 0.3293089, 0.3289243), Ndet = c(0.04991916, 0.04984045, 0.04976363, 0.0496884, 0.04961446, 0.04954156), Cdet = c(0.3307085, 0.3301691, 0.3296314, 0.3290949, 0.3285598, 0.3280252), DON = c(0.05042275, 0.05085697, 0.05130091, 0.05175249, 0.05220978, 0.05267118 ), DOC = c(49.76304, 49.52745, 49.29323, 49.06034, 48.82878, 48.59851), DIN = c(14.9933, 14.98729, 14.98221, 14.9781, 14.97485, 14.97225), DIC = c(2050.132, 2050.264, 2050.396, 2050.524, 2050.641, 2050.758), AT = c(2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007), dCCHO = c(0.964222, 0.930869, 0.8997098, 0.870544, 0.843196, 0.8175117), TEPC = c(0.1339044, 0.1652179, 0.1941872, 0.2210289, 0.2459341, 0.2690721), Ncocco = c(0.1040715, 0.1076058, 0.1104229, 0.1125141, 0.1140222, 0.1151228), Ccocco = c(0.6500288, 0.6386706, 0.6291149, 0.6213265, 0.6152447, 0.6108502), CHLcocco = c(0.1087667, 0.1164099, 0.1225822, 0.1273103, 0.1308843, 0.1336465), PICcocco = c(0.1000664, 0.1001396, 0.1007908, 0.101836, 0.1034179, 0.1055634), par = c(0, 0, 0.8695131, 1.551317, 2.777707, 4.814341), Temp = c(9.9, 9.9, 9.9, 9.9, 9.9, 9.9), Sal = c(31.31, 31.31, 31.31, 31.31, 31.31, 31.31), co2atm = c(370, 370, 370, 370, 370, 370), u10 = c(0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01), dicfl = c(-2.963256, -2.971632, -2.980446, -2.989259, -2.997877, -3.005702), co2ppm = c(565.1855, 565.7373, 566.3179, 566.8983, 567.466, 567.9814), co2mol = c(0.02562326, 0.02564828, 0.0256746, 0.02570091, 0.02572665, 0.02575002 ), pH = c(7.879427, 7.879042, 7.878636, 7.878231, 7.877835, 7.877475)), .Names = c("Ei", "Mi", "hours", "Nphy", "Cphy", "CHLphy", "Nhet", "Chet", "Ndet", "Cdet", "DON", "DOC", "DIN", "DIC", "AT", "dCCHO", "TEPC", "Ncocco", "Ccocco", "CHLcocco", "PICcocco", "par", "Temp", "Sal", "co2atm", "u10", "dicfl", "co2ppm", "co2mol", "pH"), row.names = c(NA, 6L), class = "data.frame") As per the below suggestions I have tried a lot but it is not working. Summarizing I will say: var <- readline("enter a variable name") I cant use get(var) inside any command but not inside ggplot, it wont work. gg1$var it also doesnt work, even after changing the column names. Does it have a solution or should I just choose to import from an excel sheet, thats better? Tried with if else and functions fun1 <- function() { print('You have selected option 1') my <- as.character((readline("enter the variable name \n"))) gg1 <- aggregate(cbind(get(my))~Mi+hours,a, FUN=mean) names(gg1)[3] <- my #print(names(gg1)) ggplot (gg1,aes_string(x="hours",y=(my),group="Mi",color="Mi")) + geom_point() } my <- as.integer(readline("enter a number")) ifelse(my == 1,fun1(),"") ifelse(my == 2,print ("its 2"),"") ifelse(my == 3,print ("its 3"),"") ifelse(my != (1 || 2|| 3) ,print("wrong number"),"") Not working either...:(

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• Having some trouble in my pagation code(PHP)

  - by user300371

  My table is posting and in that table, it shows all the posting people put in. I am trying to make page navigation links at the bottom of the posts. the function generateenter code here_page_links does all the work. The code seem to be only showing the "<-" and "-" and not the link numbers. I think the function is only reading the $_GET['posting'] ==1. (this code is from the Oreilly PHP/MySQL book. I am using it as practice) function generate_page_links($cur_page, $num_pages) { $page_links = ''; // If this page is not the first page, generate the "previous" link if ($cur_page > 1) { //cur_page is just a number that is gotten from the url. $page_links .= '<a href="' . $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . '?page=' . ($cur_page - 1) . '"><--</a> '; } else { $page_links .= '<- '; } // Loop through the pages generating the page number links for ($i = 1; $i <= $num_pages; $i++) { if ($cur_page == $i) { $page_links .= ' ' . $i; } else { $page_links .= ' <a href="' . $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . '?usersearch=' . $user_search . '&sort=' . $sort . '&page=' . $i . '"> ' . $i . '</a>'; } } // If this page is not the last page, generate the "next" link if ($cur_page < $num_pages) { $page_links .= ' <a href="' . $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . '?usersearch=' . $user_search . '&sort=' . $sort . '&page=' . ($cur_page + 1) . '">-></a>'; } if ($cur_page == $num_pages){ //the last page $page_links .= ' ->'; } return $page_links; //need to return this variable in the function } // Calculate pagination information $cur_page = isset($_GET['page']) ? $_GET['page'] : 1; $results_per_page = 3; // number of results per page $skip = (($cur_page - 1) * $results_per_page); $query = "SELECT * FROM posting ORDER BY date_added DESC"; $data = mysqli_query($dbc, $query); $total = mysqli_num_rows($data); $num_pages = ceil($total / $results_per_page); //Query again to get just the subset of results $query = $query . " LIMIT $skip, $results_per_page"; $result = mysqli_query($dbc, $query); echo '<table>'; echo '<tr><td><b>Title</b></td><td><b>Date Posted</b></td></tr>'; while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) { echo '<tr><td><a href="ad.php? posting_id='.$row['posting_id'].' ">'.$row['title'].'</a></td>'; echo '<td>'.$row['date_added'].'</td>'; //echo '<td>'.$row['name'].'</td></tr>'; } echo '</table>'; // Generate navigational page links if we have more than one page if ($num_pages > 1) { echo generate_page_links($user_search, $sort, $cur_page, $num_pages); }

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• hosting simple python scripts in a container to handle concurrency, configuration, caching, etc.

  - by Justin Grant

  My first real-world Python project is to write a simple framework (or re-use/adapt an existing one) which can wrap small python scripts (which are used to gather custom data for a monitoring tool) with a "container" to handle boilerplate tasks like: fetching a script's configuration from a file (and keeping that info up to date if the file changes and handle decryption of sensitive config data) running multiple instances of the same script in different threads instead of spinning up a new process for each one expose an API for caching expensive data and storing persistent state from one script invocation to the next Today, script authors must handle the issues above, which usually means that most script authors don't handle them correctly, causing bugs and performance problems. In addition to avoiding bugs, we want a solution which lowers the bar to create and maintain scripts, especially given that many script authors may not be trained programmers. Below are examples of the API I've been thinking of, and which I'm looking to get your feedback about. A scripter would need to build a single method which takes (as input) the configuration that the script needs to do its job, and either returns a python object or calls a method to stream back data in chunks. Optionally, a scripter could supply methods to handle startup and/or shutdown tasks. HTTP-fetching script example (in pseudocode, omitting the actual data-fetching details to focus on the container's API): def run (config, context, cache) : results = http_library_call (config.url, config.http_method, config.username, config.password, ...) return { html : results.html, status_code : results.status, headers : results.response_headers } def init(config, context, cache) : config.max_threads = 20 # up to 20 URLs at one time (per process) config.max_processes = 3 # launch up to 3 concurrent processes config.keepalive = 1200 # keep process alive for 10 mins without another call config.process_recycle.requests = 1000 # restart the process every 1000 requests (to avoid leaks) config.kill_timeout = 600 # kill the process if any call lasts longer than 10 minutes Database-data fetching script example might look like this (in pseudocode): def run (config, context, cache) : expensive = context.cache["something_expensive"] for record in db_library_call (expensive, context.checkpoint, config.connection_string) : context.log (record, "logDate") # log all properties, optionally specify name of timestamp property last_date = record["logDate"] context.checkpoint = last_date # persistent checkpoint, used next time through def init(config, context, cache) : cache["something_expensive"] = get_expensive_thing() def shutdown(config, context, cache) : expensive = cache["something_expensive"] expensive.release_me() Is this API appropriately "pythonic", or are there things I should do to make this more natural to the Python scripter? (I'm more familiar with building C++/C#/Java APIs so I suspect I'm missing useful Python idioms.) Specific questions: is it natural to pass a "config" object into a method and ask the callee to set various configuration options? Or is there another preferred way to do this? when a callee needs to stream data back to its caller, is a method like context.log() (see above) appropriate, or should I be using yield instead? (yeild seems natural, but I worry it'd be over the head of most scripters) My approach requires scripts to define functions with predefined names (e.g. "run", "init", "shutdown"). Is this a good way to do it? If not, what other mechanism would be more natural? I'm passing the same config, context, cache parameters into every method. Would it be better to use a single "context" parameter instead? Would it be better to use global variables instead? Finally, are there existing libraries you'd recommend to make this kind of simple "script-running container" easier to write?

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• NHibernate: How is identity Id updated when saving a transient instance?

  - by bretddog

  If I use session-per-transaction and call: session.SaveOrUpdate(entity) corrected: session.SaveOrUpdateCopy(entity) ..and entity is a transient instance with identity-Id=0. Shall the above line automatically update the Id of the entity, and make the instance persistent? Or should it do so on transaction.Commit? Or do I have to somehow code that explicitly? Obviously the Id of the database row (new, since transient) is autogenerated and saved as some number, but I'm talking about the actual parameter instance here. Which is the business logic instance. EDIT Mappings: public class StoreMap : ClassMap<Store> { public StoreMap() { Id(x => x.Id).GeneratedBy.Identity(); Map(x => x.Name); HasMany(x => x.Staff) // 1:m .Cascade.All(); HasManyToMany(x => x.Products) // m:m .Cascade.All() .Table("StoreProduct"); } } public class EmployeeMap : ClassMap<Employee> { public EmployeeMap() { Id(x => x.Id).GeneratedBy.Identity(); Map(x => x.FirstName); Map(x => x.LastName); References(x => x.Store); // m:1 } } public class ProductMap : ClassMap<Product> { public ProductMap() { Id(x => x.Id).GeneratedBy.Identity(); Map(x => x.Name).Length(20); Map(x => x.Price).CustomSqlType("decimal").Precision(9).Scale(2); HasManyToMany(x => x.StoresStockedIn) .Cascade.All() .Inverse() .Table("StoreProduct"); } } EDIT2 Class definitions: public class Store { public int Id { get; private set; } public string Name { get; set; } public IList<Product> Products { get; set; } public IList<Employee> Staff { get; set; } public Store() { Products = new List<Product>(); Staff = new List<Employee>(); } // AddProduct & AddEmployee is required. "NH needs you to set both sides before // it will save correctly" public void AddProduct(Product product) { product.StoresStockedIn.Add(this); Products.Add(product); } public void AddEmployee(Employee employee) { employee.Store = this; Staff.Add(employee); } } public class Employee { public int Id { get; private set; } public string FirstName { get; set; } public string LastName { get; set; } public Store Store { get; set; } } public class Product { public int Id { get; private set; } public string Name { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } public IList<Store> StoresStockedIn { get; private set; } }

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• Flash Mouse.hide() cmd+tab(alt+tab) bring the mouse back

  - by DickieBoy

  Having a bit of trouble with Mouse.show() and losing focus of the swf This isn't my demo: but its showing the same bug http://www.foundation-flash.com/tutorials/as3customcursors/ What i do to recreate it is: mouse over the swf, hit cmd+tab to highlight another window, result is that the mouse is not brought back and is still invisible, (to get it back go to the window bar at the top of the screen and click something). I have an area in which movement is detected and an image Things I have tried package { import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.display.MovieClip; import com.greensock.*; import flash.events.*; import flash.utils.Timer; import flash.events.TimerEvent; import flash.utils.*; import flash.ui.Mouse; public class mousey_movey extends MovieClip { public var middle_of_the_flash; //pixels per second public var speeds = [0,1,3,5,10]; public var speed; public var percentage_the_mouse_is_across_the_screen; public var mouse_over_scrollable_area:Boolean; public var image_move_interval; public function mousey_movey() { middle_of_the_flash = stage.stageWidth/2; hot_area_for_movement.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OVER, mouseEnter); hot_area_for_movement.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OUT, mouseLeave); hot_area_for_movement.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_MOVE, mouseMove); stage.addEventListener(Event.MOUSE_LEAVE, show_mouse); stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OUT, show_mouse); stage.addEventListener(Event.DEACTIVATE,show_mouse); hot_area_for_movement.alpha=0; hot_area_for_movement.x=0; hot_area_for_movement.y=34; } public function show_mouse(e) { trace(e.type) trace('show_mouse') Mouse.show(); } public function onActivate(e) { trace('activate'); Mouse.show(); } public function onDeactivate(e) { trace('deactivate'); } public function get_speed(percantage_from_middle):int { if(percantage_from_middle > 80) { return speeds[4] } else { if(percantage_from_middle > 60) { return speeds[3] } else { if(percantage_from_middle > 40) { return speeds[2] } else { if(percantage_from_middle > 20) { return speeds[1] } else { return 0; } } } } } public function mouseLeave(e:Event):void{ Mouse.show(); clearInterval(image_move_interval); } public function mouseEnter(e:Event):void{ Mouse.hide(); image_move_interval = setInterval(moveImage,1); } public function mouseMove(e:Event):void { percentage_the_mouse_is_across_the_screen = Math.round(((middle_of_the_flash-stage.mouseX)/middle_of_the_flash)*100); speed = get_speed(Math.abs(percentage_the_mouse_is_across_the_screen)); airplane_icon.x = stage.mouseX; airplane_icon.y = stage.mouseY; } public function stageMouseMove(e:Event):void{ Mouse.show(); } public function moveImage():void { if(percentage_the_mouse_is_across_the_screen > 0) { moving_image.x+=speed; airplane_icon.scaleX = -1; } else { moving_image.x-=speed; airplane_icon.scaleX = 1; } } } } Nothing too fancy, im just scrolling an image left of right at a speed which is generated by how far you are from the middle of the stage, and making an airplane moveclip follow the mouse. The events: stage.addEventListener(Event.MOUSE_LEAVE, show_mouse); stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OUT, show_mouse); stage.addEventListener(Event.DEACTIVATE,show_mouse); All fire and work correctly when in the browser, seem a little buggy when running a test through flash, was expecting this as ive experienced it before. The deactivate call even runs when testing and cmd+tabbing but shows no mouse. Any help on the matter is appreciated Thanks, Dickie

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• C/PHP: How do I convert the following PHP JSON API script into a C plugin for apache?

  - by TeddyB

  I have a JSON API that I need to provide super fast access to my data through. The JSON API makes a simply query against the database based on the GET parameters provided. I've already optimized my database, so please don't recommend that as an answer. I'm using PHP-APC, which helps PHP by saving the bytecode, BUT - for a JSON API that is being called literally dozens of times per second (as indicated by my logs), I need to reduce the massive RAM consumption PHP is consuming ... as well as rewrite my JSON API in a language that execute much faster than PHP. My code is below. As you can see, is fairly straight forward. <?php define(ALLOWED_HTTP_REFERER, 'example.com'); if ( stristr($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'], ALLOWED_HTTP_REFERER) ) { try { $conn_str = DB . ':host=' . DB_HOST . ';dbname=' . DB_NAME; $dbh = new PDO($conn_str, DB_USERNAME, DB_PASSWORD); $params = array(); $sql = 'SELECT homes.home_id, address, city, state, zip FROM homes WHERE homes.display_status = true AND homes.geolat BETWEEN :geolatLowBound AND :geolatHighBound AND homes.geolng BETWEEN :geolngLowBound AND :geolngHighBound'; $params[':geolatLowBound'] = $_GET['geolatLowBound']; $params[':geolatHighBound'] = $_GET['geolatHighBound']; $params[':geolngLowBound'] =$_GET['geolngLowBound']; $params[':geolngHighBound'] = $_GET['geolngHighBound']; if ( isset($_GET['min_price']) && isset($_GET['max_price']) ) { $sql = $sql . ' AND homes.price BETWEEN :min_price AND :max_price '; $params[':min_price'] = $_GET['min_price']; $params[':max_price'] = $_GET['max_price']; } if ( isset($_GET['min_beds']) && isset($_GET['max_beds']) ) { $sql = $sql . ' AND homes.num_of_beds BETWEEN :min_beds AND :max_beds '; $params['min_beds'] = $_GET['min_beds']; $params['max_beds'] = $_GET['max_beds']; } if ( isset($_GET['min_sqft']) && isset($_GET['max_sqft']) ) { $sql = $sql . ' AND homes.sqft BETWEEN :min_sqft AND :max_sqft '; $params['min_sqft'] = $_GET['min_sqft']; $params['max_sqft'] = $_GET['max_sqft']; } $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); $result_set = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); /* output a JSON representation of the home listing data retrieved */ ob_start("ob_gzhandler"); // compress the output header('Content-type: text/javascript'); print "{'homes' : "; array_walk_recursive($result_set, "cleanOutputFromXSS"); print json_encode( $result_set ); print '}'; $dbh = null; } catch (PDOException $e) { die('Unable to retreive home listing information'); } } function cleanOutputFromXSS(&$value) { $value = htmlspecialchars($value, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); } ?> How would I begin converting this PHP code over to C, since C is both better on memory management (since you do it yourself) and much, much faster to execute?

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• Why doesn't PHP's oci_connect return false?

  - by absolethe

  I have a situation in which we have two production databases that synchronize with one other. Server One is considered the primary. Sometimes due to maintenance or a disaster Server Two will become primary. In some of our code that means we have to manually go in and edit the server name for database connections. I find this annoying, so the last thing I wrote I put the server information for both and set up a loop. If oci_connect failed on the Server One 3 times it would move on to Server Two. If Server Two failed 3 times it would notify the user a connection couldn't be made. This has worked fine most times we've had the situation of switching the servers. Yesterday, for example, it worked fine. Today it didn't. It just sat and spun endlessly. No error in the PHP error log. No failure to move on from. No error output to the screen. Nothing for 5 minutes. So then I had to manually edit the stupid config file. I asked what could possibly be different and I was told "yesterday the database was down, but not the server. today the server is down." Okay...? But I don't see a distinction. I would expect oci_connect to return false if it can't establish any sort of communication with the server. I'd expect it to timeout and error. Not just pass it on when it receives an error code from the server. What if there's a network problem, for example? Is this a bug in oci_connect or is there a possibility that something in our PHP configuration gives oci_connect a crazily long timeout? If it is a sort of "bug" is there some way I can check to see if the server is up first? Like a ping? (Of course when I did a ping through the command prompt I got a response from Server One and then was told, "it's back now" although I am skeptical about the timing on that.) Anyway, if anyone could shed some light on why oci_connect might run endlessly without failing and how to keep it from doing so I'd be grateful. -- Edit: My code looks like the examples on PHP.net only in some loops. $count = count($servers); for($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++){ if((!isset($connection)) || ($connection == false)){ // Attempt to connect to the oracle database $connection = @oci_connect($servers[$i]["user"], $servers[$i]["pass"], $servers[$i]["conid"]) or ($conn_error = oracle_error()); // Try again if there was a failure if(($connection == false) || (isset($con_error))){ // Three (two more) tries per alternative for($j = $st; $j < $fn; $j++){ // Try again to connect $connection = @oci_connect($servers[$i]["user"], $servers[$i]["pass"], $servers[$i]["conid"]) or ($conn_error = oracle_error()); } // for($j = 2; $j < 4; $j++) } // if($connection == false) } // if(!isset($connection) || ($connection == false)) } // for($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++)

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• Data Warehouse ETL slow - change primary key in dimension?

  - by Jubbles

  I have a working MySQL data warehouse that is organized as a star schema and I am using Talend Open Studio for Data Integration 5.1 to create the ETL process. I would like this process to run once per day. I have estimated that one of the dimension tables (dimUser) will have approximately 2 million records and 23 columns. I created a small test ETL process in Talend that worked, but given the amount of data that may need to be updated daily, the current performance will not cut it. It takes the ETL process four minutes to UPDATE or INSERT 100 records to dimUser. If I assumed a linear relationship between the count of records and the amount of time to UPDATE or INSERT, then there is no way the ETL can finish in 3-4 hours (my hope), let alone one day. Since I'm unfamiliar with Java, I wrote the ETL as a Python script and ran into the same problem. Although, I did discover that if I did only INSERT, the process went much faster. I am pretty sure that the bottleneck is caused by the UPDATE statements. The primary key in dimUser is an auto-increment integer. My friend suggested that I scrap this primary key and replace it with a multi-field primary key (in my case, 2-3 fields). Before I rip the test data out of my warehouse and change the schema, can anyone provide suggestions or guidelines related to the design of the data warehouse the ETL process how realistic it is to have an ETL process INSERT or UPDATE a few million records each day will my friend's suggestion significantly help If you need any further information, just let me know and I'll post it. UPDATE - additional information: mysql> describe dimUser; Field Type Null Key Default Extra user_key int(10) unsigned NO PRI NULL auto_increment id_A int(10) unsigned NO NULL id_B int(10) unsigned NO NULL field_4 tinyint(4) unsigned NO 0 field_5 varchar(50) YES NULL city varchar(50) YES NULL state varchar(2) YES NULL country varchar(50) YES NULL zip_code varchar(10) NO 99999 field_10 tinyint(1) NO 0 field_11 tinyint(1) NO 0 field_12 tinyint(1) NO 0 field_13 tinyint(1) NO 1 field_14 tinyint(1) NO 0 field_15 tinyint(1) NO 0 field_16 tinyint(1) NO 0 field_17 tinyint(1) NO 1 field_18 tinyint(1) NO 0 field_19 tinyint(1) NO 0 field_20 tinyint(1) NO 0 create_date datetime NO 2012-01-01 00:00:00 last_update datetime NO 2012-01-01 00:00:00 run_id int(10) unsigned NO 999 I used a surrogate key because I had read that it was good practice. Since, from a business perspective, I want to keep aware of potential fraudulent activity (say for 200 days a user is associated with state X and then the next day they are associated with state Y - they could have moved or their account could have been compromised), so that is why geographic data is kept. The field id_B may have a few distinct values of id_A associated with it, but I am interested in knowing distinct (id_A, id_B) tuples. In the context of this information, my friend suggested that something like (id_A, id_B, zip_code) be the primary key. For the large majority of daily ETL processes (80%), I only expect the following fields to be updated for existing records: field_10 - field_14, last_update, and run_id (this field is a foreign key to my etlLog table and is used for ETL auditing purposes).

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• SQL: Using a CASE Statement to update a 1000 rows at once, how??

  - by SoLoGHoST

  Ok, I would like to use a CASE STATEMENT for this, but I am lost with this. Basically, I need to update a ton of rows, but just on the "position" column. I need to update all "position" values from 0 - count(position) for each id_layout_position column per id_layout column. Here's what I got for a regular update, but I don't wanna throw this into a foreach loop, as it would take forever to do it. I'm using SMF (Simple Machines Forums), so it might look a little different, but the idea is the same, and CASE statements are supported... $smcFunc['db_query']('', ' UPDATE {db_prefix}dp_positions SET position = {int:position} WHERE id_layout_position = {int:id_layout_position} AND id_layout = {int:id_layout}', array( 'position' => $position++, 'id_layout_position' => (int) $id_layout_position, 'id_layout' => (int) $id_layout, ) ); Anyways, I need to apply some sort of CASE on this so that I can auto-increment by 1 all values that it finds and update to the next possible value. I know I'm doing this wrong, even in this QUERY. But I'm totally lost when it comes to CASES. Here's an example of a CASE being used within SMF, so you can see this and hopefully relate: $conditions = ''; foreach ($postgroups as $id => $min_posts) { $conditions .= ' WHEN posts >= ' . $min_posts . (!empty($lastMin) ? ' AND posts <= ' . $lastMin : '') . ' THEN ' . $id; $lastMin = $min_posts; } // A big fat CASE WHEN... END is faster than a zillion UPDATE's ;). $smcFunc['db_query']('', ' UPDATE {db_prefix}members SET id_post_group = CASE ' . $conditions . ' ELSE 0 END' . ($parameter1 != null ? ' WHERE ' . (is_array($parameter1) ? 'id_member IN ({array_int:members})' : 'id_member = {int:members}') : ''), array( 'members' => $parameter1, ) ); Before I do the update, I actually have a SELECT which throws everything I need into arrays like so: $disabled_sections = array(); $positions = array(); while ($row = $smcFunc['db_fetch_assoc']($request)) { if (!isset($disabled_sections[$row['id_group']][$row['id_layout']])) $disabled_sections[$row['id_group']][$row['id_layout']] = array( 'info' => $module_info[$name], 'id_layout_position' => $row['id_layout_position'] ); // Increment the positions... if (!is_null($row['position'])) { if (!isset($positions[$row['id_layout']][$row['id_layout_position']])) $positions[$row['id_layout']][$row['id_layout_position']] = 1; else $positions[$row['id_layout']][$row['id_layout_position']]++; } else $positions[$row['id_layout']][$row['id_layout_position']] = 0; } Thanks, I know if anyone can help me here it's definitely you guys and gals... Anyways, here is my question: How do I use a CASE statement in the first code example, so that I can update all of the rows in the position column from 0 - total # of rows found, that have that id_layout value and that id_layout_position value, and continue this for all different id_layout values in that table? Can I use the arrays above somehow? I'm sure I'll have to use the id_layout and id_layout_position values for this right? But how can I do this?

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• C++ Simple thread with parameter (no .net)

  - by Marc Vollmer

  I've searched the internet for a while now and found different solutions but then all don't really work or are to complicated for my use. I used C++ until 2 years ago so it might be a bit rusty :D I'm currently writing a program that posts data to an URL. It only posts the data nothing else. For posting the data I use curl, but it blocks the main thread and while the first post is still running there will be a second post that should start. In the end there are about 5-6 post operations running at the same time. Now I want to push the posting with curl into another thread. One thread per post. The thread should get a string parameter with the content what to push. I'm currently stuck on this. Tried the WINAPI for windows but that crashes on reading the parameter. (the second thread is still running in my example while the main thread ended (waiting on system("pause")). It would be nice to have a multi plattform solution, because it will run under windows and linux! Heres my current code: #define CURL_STATICLIB #include <curl/curl.h> #include <curl/easy.h> #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #if defined(WIN32) #include <windows.h> #else //#include <pthread.h> #endif using namespace std; void post(string post) { // Function to post it to url CURL *curl; // curl object CURLcode res; // CURLcode object curl = curl_easy_init(); // init curl if(curl) { // is curl init curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "http://10.8.27.101/api.aspx"); // set url string data = "api=" + post; // concat post data strings curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, data.c_str()); // post data res = curl_easy_perform(curl); // execute curl_easy_cleanup(curl); // cleanup } else { cerr << "Failed to create curl handle!\n"; } } #if defined(WIN32) DWORD WINAPI thread(LPVOID data) { // WINAPI Thread string pData = *((string*)data); // convert LPVOID to string [THIS FAILES] post(pData); // post it with curl } #else // Linux version #endif void startThread(string data) { // FUnction to start the thread string pData = data; // some Test #if defined(WIN32) CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)thread, &pData, 0, NULL); // Start a Windows thread with winapi #else // Linux version #endif } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { // The post data to send string postData = "test1234567890"; startThread(postData); // Start the thread system("PAUSE"); // Dont close the console window return EXIT_SUCCESS; } Has anyone a suggestion? Thanks for the help!

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• Problems with Asynchronous UDP Sockets

  - by ihatenetworkcoding

  Hi, I'm struggling a bit with socket programming (something I'm not at all familiar with) and I can't find anything which helps from google or MSDN (awful). Apologies for the length of this. Basically I have an existing service which recieves and responds to requests over UDP. I can't change this at all. I also have a client within my webapp which dispatches and listens for responses to that service. The existing client I've been given is a singleton which creates a socket and an array of response slots, and then creates a background thread with an infinite looping method that makes "sock.Receive()" calls and pushes the data received into the slot array. All kinds of things about this seem wrong to me and the infinite thread breaks my unit testing so I'm trying to replace this service with one which makes it's it's send/receives asynchronously instead. Point 1: Is this the right approach? I want a non-blocking, scalable, thread-safe service. My first attempt is roughly like this, which sort of worked but the data I got back was always shorter than expected (i.e. the buffer did not have the number of bytes requested) and seemed to throw exceptions when processed. private Socket MyPreConfiguredSocket; public object Query() { //build a request this.MyPreConfiguredSocket.SendTo(MYREQUEST, packet.Length, SocketFlags.Multicast, this._target); IAsyncResult h = this._sock.BeginReceiveFrom(response, 0, BUFFER_SIZE, SocketFlags.None, ref this._target, new AsyncCallback(ARecieve), this._sock); if (!h.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(TIMEOUT)) { throw new Exception("Timed out"); } //process response data (always shortened) } private void ARecieve (IAsyncResult result) { int bytesreceived = (result as Socket).EndReceiveFrom(result, ref this._target); } My second attempt was based on more google trawling and this recursive pattern I frequently saw, but this version always times out! It never gets to ARecieve. public object Query() { //build a request this.MyPreConfiguredSocket.SendTo(MYREQUEST, packet.Length, SocketFlags.Multicast, this._target); State s = new State(this.MyPreConfiguredSocket); this.MyPreConfiguredSocket.BeginReceiveFrom(s.Buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE, SocketFlags.None, ref this._target, new AsyncCallback(ARecieve), s); if (!s.Flag.WaitOne(10000)) { throw new Exception("Timed out"); } //always thrown //process response data } private void ARecieve (IAsyncResult result) { //never gets here! State s = (result as State); int bytesreceived = s.Sock.EndReceiveFrom(result, ref this._target); if (bytesreceived > 0) { s.Received += bytesreceived; this._sock.BeginReceiveFrom(s.Buffer, s.Received, BUFFER_SIZE, SocketFlags.None, ref this._target, new AsyncCallback(ARecieve), s); } else { s.Flag.Set(); } } private class State { public State(Socket sock) { this._sock = sock; this._buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; this._buffer.Initialize(); } public Socket Sock; public byte[] Buffer; public ManualResetEvent Flag = new ManualResetEvent(false); public int Received = 0; } Point 2: So clearly I'm getting something quite wrong. Point 3: I'm not sure if I'm going about this right. How does the data coming from the remote service even get to the right listening thread? Do I need to create a socket per request? Out of my comfort zone here. Need help.

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• Multiple Notifications Not Firing

  - by motionpotion

  I'm scheduling two notifications as shown below. The app is a long-lived app. One local notification is scheduled to run every hour. The other is scheduled to run once per day. Only the second scheduled notification (the hourly notifcation) fires. - (void)scheduleNotification { LogInfo(@"IN scheduleNotification - DELETEYESTERDAY NOTIFICATION SCHEDULED."); UILocalNotification *notif = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init]; NSDictionary *deleteDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"DeleteYesterday" forKey:@"DeleteYesterday"]; NSCalendar *calendar = [NSCalendar currentCalendar]; NSDateComponents *components = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init]; components = [[NSCalendar currentCalendar] components:NSDayCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSYearCalendarUnit fromDate:[NSDate date]]; NSInteger day = [components day]; NSInteger month = [components month]; NSInteger year = [components year]; [components setDay: day]; [components setMonth: month]; [components setYear: year]; [components setHour: 00]; [components setMinute: 45]; [components setSecond: 0]; [calendar setTimeZone: [NSTimeZone systemTimeZone]]; NSDate *dateToFire = [calendar dateFromComponents:components]; notif.fireDate = dateToFire; notif.timeZone = [NSTimeZone systemTimeZone]; notif.repeatInterval = NSDayCalendarUnit; notif.userInfo = deleteDict; [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:notif]; } and then I schedule this after above: - (void)scheduleHeartBeat { LogInfo(@"IN scheduleHeartBeat - HEARTBEAT NOTIFICATION SCHEDULED."); UILocalNotification *heartbeat = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init]; NSDictionary *heartbeatDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"HeartBeat" forKey:@"HeartBeat"]; heartbeat.userInfo = heartbeatDict; NSCalendar *calendar = [NSCalendar currentCalendar]; NSDateComponents *components = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init]; components = [[NSCalendar currentCalendar] components:NSDayCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSYearCalendarUnit fromDate:[NSDate date]]; NSInteger day = [components day]; NSInteger month = [components month]; NSInteger year = [components year]; [components setDay: day]; [components setMonth: month]; [components setYear: year]; [components setHour: 00]; [components setMinute: 50]; [components setSecond: 0]; [calendar setTimeZone: [NSTimeZone systemTimeZone]]; NSDate *dateToFire = [calendar dateFromComponents:components]; heartbeat.fireDate = dateToFire; heartbeat.timeZone = [NSTimeZone systemTimeZone]; heartbeat.repeatInterval = NSHourCalendarUnit; [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:heartbeat]; } The above are scheduled when the app launches in the viewDidLoad of the main view controller. - (void)viewDidLoad { [self scheduleNotification]; [self scheduleHeartBeat]; [super viewDidLoad]; //OTHER CODE HERE } Then in the appdelegate I have the following: - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification { LogInfo(@"IN didReceiveLocalNotification NOTIFICATION RECEIVED."); NSString *notificationHeartBeat = nil; NSString *notificationDeleteYesterday = nil; application.applicationIconBadgeNumber = 0; if (notification) { notificationHeartBeat = [notification.userInfo objectForKey:@"HeartBeat"]; notificationDeleteYesterday = [notification.userInfo objectForKey:@"DeleteYesterday"]; LogInfo(@"IN didReceiveLocalNotification HEARTBEAT NOTIFICATION TYPE: %@", notificationHeartBeat); LogInfo(@"IN didReceiveLocalNotification DELETEYESTERDAY NOTIFICATION TYPE: %@", notificationDeleteYesterday); } if ([notificationHeartBeat isEqualToString:@"HeartBeat"]) { //CREATE THE HEARTBEAT LogInfo(@"CREATING THE HEARTBEAT."); //CALL THE FUNCTIONALITY HERE THAT CREATES HEARTBEAT. } if ([notificationDeleteYesterday isEqualToString:@"DeleteYesterday"]) { //DELETE YESTERDAYS RECORDS LogInfo(@"DELETING YESTERDAYS RECORDS."); } } The notification that is scheduled last (scheduleHeartBeat) is the only notification that is fired. Could somebody help me figure out why this is happening?

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• PHP $_GET and $_POST are returning empty arrays--trying to paginate SQL data

  - by George88

  I have set up the following: Database class ($db) Pagination class ($paginator) I am attempting to write a basic system to let me administrate pages. I have a page "page_manager.php" in which I include both my database class (database.php) and my pagination class (paginate.php). In my pagination class I have a function which echoes my SQL data. I've come up with a way to echo an HTML < select element with the necessary IDs, which allows me to successfully echo the corresponding results (10 per page), based on the value of the < select element. So, "1" will echo the first 10 results in the database, "2" will echo from 11-20, "3" will echo from 21-30, etc., etc.. I have added an onChange event to the < select element which will copy its value (using "this.value") to a hidden form field. I then submit this form using document.getElementById().submit(); This will then add the $_GET variable to the URL, so the URL becomes ".../?pagenumber_form=X". However, when I try to grab this value back from the URL, the $_GET['pagenumber_form'] is empty. Some code: <span style='font-family: tahoma; font-size: 10pt;'>Page #</span> <select id="page_number_selection" onchange='javascript: document.getElementById("pagenumber_form").value = this.value; document.getElementById("pagenumber").submit();'> <?php for($i = 1; $i <= $this->num_pages; $i++) echo"<option id='" . $i . "'>" . $i . "</option>"; ?> </select> <form name="pagenumber" id="pagenumber" action="" method="get"> <input type="text" name="pagenumber_form" id="pagenumber_form" /> </form> So, I've tried using $_POST as well, but the same thing happens. I want to use $_GET, for a couple of reasons: it's easier to see what is happening with my values and the data I'm using doesn't need to be secure. To recap: the $_GET variable is being added to the URL when I change the < select element, and the corresponding value gets added to the URL as: ".../?pagenumber_form=X", but when I try to use the value in PHP, for example... $page_number = $_GET['pagenumber_form']; ... I get a NULL value. :-( Can anybody help me out please? Thank you. EDIT: I've just made a discovery. If I move my print_r($_GET) to my main index page, then the superglobals are returning as expected. My site structure is like this: index.php - JavaScript buttons use AJAX HTTP requests to include the "responseText" as the .innerHTML of my main < div . The "responseText" is the contents the page itself, in this case page_manager.php, which in turn includes pagination.php. So in other words, my site is built from PHP includes, which doesn't seem to be compatible with HTTP superglobals. Any idea how I can get around this problem? Thank you :-).

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• Use of select or multithread for almost 80 or more clients?

  - by Tushar Goel

  I am working on one project in which i need to read from 80 or more clients and then write their o/p into a file continuously and then read these new data for another task. My question is what should i use select or multithreading? Also I tried to use multi threading using read/fgets and write/fputs call but as they are blocking calls and one operation can be performed at one time so it is not feasible. Any idea is much appreciated. update 1: I have tried to implement the same using condition variable. I able to achieve this but it is writing and reading one at a time.When another client tried to write then it cannot able to write unless i quit from the 1st thread. I do not understand this. This should work now. What mistake i am doing? Update 2: Thanks all .. I am able to succeeded to get this model implemented using mutex condition variable. updated Code is as below: **header file******* char *mailbox ; pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER ; pthread_cond_t writer = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { pthread_t t1 , t2; pthread_attr_t attr; int fd, sock , *newfd; struct sockaddr_in cliaddr; socklen_t clilen; void *read_file(); void *update_file(); //making a server socket if((fd=make_server(atoi(argv[1])))==-1) oops("Unable to make server",1) //detaching threads pthread_attr_init(&attr); pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr,PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED); ///opening thread for reading pthread_create(&t2,&attr,read_file,NULL); while(1) { clilen = sizeof(cliaddr); //accepting request sock=accept(fd,(struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr,&clilen); //error comparison against failire of request and INT if(sock==-1 && errno != EINTR) oops("accept",2) else if ( sock ==-1 && errno == EINTR) oops("Pressed INT",3) newfd = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)); *newfd = sock; //creating thread per request pthread_create(&t1,&attr,update_file,(void *)newfd); } free(newfd); return 0; } void *read_file(void *m) { pthread_mutex_lock(&lock); while(1) { printf("Waiting for lock.\n"); pthread_cond_wait(&writer,&lock); printf("I am reading here.\n"); printf("%s",mailbox); mailbox = NULL ; pthread_cond_signal(&writer); } } void *update_file(int *m) { int sock = *m; int fs ; int nread; char buffer[BUFSIZ] ; if((fs=open("database.txt",O_RDWR))==-1) oops("Unable to open file",4) while(1) { pthread_mutex_lock(&lock); write(1,"Waiting to get writer lock.\n",29); if(mailbox != NULL) pthread_cond_wait(&writer,&lock); lseek(fs,0,SEEK_END); printf("Reading from socket.\n"); nread=read(sock,buffer,BUFSIZ); printf("Writing in file.\n"); write(fs,buffer,nread); mailbox = buffer ; pthread_cond_signal(&writer); pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock); } close(fs); }

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• Rotating images makes ui slow

  - by 5w4rley

  i'm trying to implement kind of speedometer. i'm getting informations about rounds per minute, boost and load of an engine over bluetooth and i try to display them on the screen witch 3 arrows witch should point in the right direktion. i tried to use a rotate animation evry time i get data(10-100ms) to setup the arrows. but that makes my ui extremly slow. 500ms to react on a buttonclick. Doese someone know how to make it work better? source code: public void setTacho() { //rotate Tachonadel Rpmcurrentdegree=Rpmcurrentdegree+Rpmdegree; Rpmdegree=((rpms-lastrpm)*RPMtoDegree); RpmAnim=new RotateAnimation((float)Rpmcurrentdegree, (float)Rpmdegree, ivNadel.getWidth()/2, ivNadel.getHeight()/2); RpmAnim.setFillEnabled(true); RpmAnim.setFillAfter(true); ivNadel.setAnimation(RpmAnim); RpmAnim.start(); //rotate Boostbalken currentBoostDegree=currentBoostDegree+BoostDegree; BoostDegree=(boost-lastBoost)*BOOSTtoDegree; //rotate Loadbalken currentLoadDegree=currentLoadDegree+LoadDegree; LoadDegree=(load-lastLoad)*LOADtoDegree; BoostAnim=new RotateAnimation((float)-currentBoostDegree, (float)-BoostDegree, ivBoost.getWidth()/2, ivBoost.getHeight()/2); BoostAnim.setFillEnabled(true); BoostAnim.setFillAfter(true); ivBoost.setAnimation(BoostAnim); BoostAnim.start(); LoadAnim=new RotateAnimation((float)currentLoadDegree, (float)LoadDegree, ivLoad.getWidth()/2, ivLoad.getHeight()/2); LoadAnim.setFillEnabled(true); LoadAnim.setFillAfter(true); ivLoad.setAnimation(LoadAnim); LoadAnim.start(); } when i try to make the rotation only if the values have changed then it works only while they are changing but if they aren't the arrows jump back to the zero position. isnt setfillafter to tell the image that it should hold the new position? code: public void setTacho() { //rotate Tachonadel Rpmcurrentdegree=Rpmcurrentdegree+Rpmdegree; Rpmdegree=((rpms-lastrpm)*RPMtoDegree); if(Rpmdegree!=0) { RpmAnim=new RotateAnimation((float)Rpmcurrentdegree, (float)Rpmdegree, ivNadel.getWidth()/2, ivNadel.getHeight()/2); RpmAnim.setFillEnabled(true); RpmAnim.setFillAfter(true); ivNadel.setAnimation(RpmAnim); RpmAnim.start(); } //rotate Boostbalken currentBoostDegree=currentBoostDegree+BoostDegree; BoostDegree=(boost-lastBoost)*BOOSTtoDegree; //rotate Loadbalken currentLoadDegree=currentLoadDegree+LoadDegree; LoadDegree=(load-lastLoad)*LOADtoDegree; if(BoostDegree!=0) { BoostAnim=new RotateAnimation((float)-currentBoostDegree, (float)-BoostDegree, ivBoost.getWidth()/2, ivBoost.getHeight()/2); BoostAnim.setFillEnabled(true); BoostAnim.setFillAfter(true); ivBoost.setAnimation(BoostAnim); BoostAnim.start(); } if(LoadDegree!=0) { LoadAnim=new RotateAnimation((float)currentLoadDegree, (float)LoadDegree, ivLoad.getWidth()/2, ivLoad.getHeight()/2); LoadAnim.setFillEnabled(true); LoadAnim.setFillAfter(true); ivLoad.setAnimation(LoadAnim); LoadAnim.start(); } } i don't get it =( thx 4 help EDIT: part of the bluetooth Thread that calls the callback while (run) { try { bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer); if (connection.btCallback != null) { connection.btCallback.getData(buffer,bytes); } } catch (IOException e) { break; } the callback methode of the bluetooth thread: public void getData(byte[] bytes, int len) { setTacho(); }

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• PHP-How to Pass Multiple Value In Form Field

  - by Tall boY

  hi i have a php based sorting method with drop down menu to sort no of rows, it is working fine. i have another sorting links to sort id & title, it is also working fine. but together they are not working fine. what happens is that when i sort(say by title) using links, result gets sorted by title, then if i sort rows using drop down menu rows get sorted but result gets back to default of id sort. sorting codes for id & tite is if ($orderby == 'title' && $sortby == 'asc') {echo " <li id='scurrent'><a href='?rpp=$rowsperpage&order=title&sort=asc'>title-asc:</a></li> ";} else {echo " <li><a href='?rpp=$rowsperpage&order=title&sort=asc'>title-asc:</a></li> ";} if ($orderby == 'title' && $sortby == 'desc') {echo " <li id='scurrent'><a href='?rpp=$rowsperpage&order=title&sort=desc'>title-desc:</a></li> ";} else {echo " <li><a href='?rpp=$rowsperpage&order=title&sort=desc'>title-desc:</a></li> ";} if ($orderby == 'id' && $sortby == 'asc') {echo " <li id='scurrent'><a href='?rpp=$rowsperpage&order=id&sort=asc'>id-asc:</a></li> ";} else {echo " <li><a href='?rpp=$rowsperpage&order=id&sort=asc'>id-asc:</a></li> ";} if ($orderby == 'id' && $sortby == 'desc') {echo " <li id='scurrent'><a href='?rpp=$rowsperpage&order=id&sort=desc'>id-desc:</a></li> ";} else {echo " <li><a href='?rpp=$rowsperpage&order=id&sort=desc'>id-desc:</a></li> ";} ?> sorting codes for rows is <form action="is-test.php" method="get"> <select name="rpp" onchange="this.form.submit()"> <option value="10" <?php if ($rowsperpage == 10) echo 'selected="selected"' ?>>10</option> <option value="20" <?php if ($rowsperpage == 20) echo 'selected="selected"' ?>>20</option> <option value="30" <?php if ($rowsperpage == 30) echo 'selected="selected"' ?>>30</option> </select> </form> this method passes only rows per page(rpp) into url. i want it to pass order, sort& rpp. is there a way around to pass multiple values in form fields like this. <form action="is-test.php" method="get"> <select name="rpp, order, sort" onchange="this.form.submit()"> <option value="10, $orderby, $sortby" <?php if ($rowsperpage == 10) echo 'selected="selected"' ?>>10</option> <option value="20, $orderby, $sortby" <?php if ($rowsperpage == 20) echo 'selected="selected"' ?>>20</option> <option value="30, $orderby, $sortby" <?php if ($rowsperpage == 30) echo 'selected="selected"' ?>>30</option> </select> </form> this may seem silly but it just to give you an idea of what i am trying to implement,(i am very new to php) please suggest any way to make this work. thanks

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• 10000's+ UI elements, bind or draw?

  - by jpiccolo

  I am drawing a header for a timeline control. It looks like this: I go to 0.01 millisecond per line, so for a 10 minute timeline I am looking at drawing 60000 lines + 6000 labels. This takes a while, ~10 seconds. I would like to offload this from the UI thread. My code is currently: private void drawHeader() { Header.Children.Clear(); switch (viewLevel) { case ViewLevel.MilliSeconds100: double hWidth = Header.Width; this.drawHeaderLines(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 10), 100, 5, hWidth); //Was looking into background worker to off load UI //backgroundWorker = new BackgroundWorker(); //backgroundWorker.DoWork += delegate(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs args) // { // this.drawHeaderLines(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 10), 100, 5, hWidth); // }; //backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync(); break; } } private void drawHeaderLines(TimeSpan timeStep, int majorEveryXLine, int distanceBetweenLines, double headerWidth) { var currentTime = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 0); const int everyXLine100 = 10; double currentX = 0; var currentLine = 0; while (currentX < headerWidth) { var l = new Line { ToolTip = currentTime.ToString(@"hh\:mm\:ss\.fff"), StrokeThickness = 1, X1 = 0, X2 = 0, Y1 = 30, Y2 = 25 }; if (((currentLine % majorEveryXLine) == 0) && currentLine != 0) { l.StrokeThickness = 2; l.Y2 = 15; var textBlock = new TextBlock { Text = l.ToolTip.ToString(), FontSize = 8, FontFamily = new FontFamily("Tahoma"), Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromRgb(255, 255, 255)) }; Canvas.SetLeft(textBlock, (currentX - 22)); Canvas.SetTop(textBlock, 0); Header.Children.Add(textBlock); } if ((((currentLine % everyXLine100) == 0) && currentLine != 0) && (currentLine % majorEveryXLine) != 0) { l.Y2 = 20; var textBlock = new TextBlock { Text = string.Format(".{0}", TimeSpan.Parse(l.ToolTip.ToString()).Milliseconds), FontSize = 8, FontFamily = new FontFamily("Tahoma"), Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromRgb(192, 192, 192)) }; Canvas.SetLeft(textBlock, (currentX - 8)); Canvas.SetTop(textBlock, 8); Header.Children.Add(textBlock); } l.Stroke = new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromRgb(255, 255, 255)); Header.Children.Add(l); Canvas.SetLeft(l, currentX); currentX += distanceBetweenLines; currentLine++; currentTime += timeStep; } } I had looked into BackgroundWorker, except you can't create UI elements on a non-UI thread. Is it possible at all to do drawHeaderLines in a non-UI thread? Could I use data binding for drawing the lines? Would this help with UI responsiveness? I would imagine I can use databinding, but the Styling is probably beyond my current WPF ability (coming from winforms and trying to learn what all these style objects are and binding them). Would anyone be able to supply a starting point for tempting this out? Or Google a tutorial that would get me started?

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