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• set / line intersection solution

  - by Xavier

  I have two lists in python and I want to know if they intersect at the same index. Is there a mathematical way of solving this? For example if I have [9,8,7,6,5] and [3,4,5,6,7] I'd like a simple and efficient formula/algorithm that finds that at index 3 they intersect. I know I could do a search just wondering if there is a better way. I know there is a formula to solve two lines in y = mx + b form by subtracting them from each other but my "line" isn't truly a line because its limited to the items in the list and it may have curves. Any help is appreciated.

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• Finding all points common to two circles

  - by Dustin I.

  In Python, how would one find all points common to two circles? For example, imagine a Venn diagram-like intersection of two (equally sized) circles, with center-points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) and radii r1=r2. Additionally, we already know the two points of intersection of the circles are (xi1,yi1) and (xi2,yi2). How would one generate a list of all points (x,y) contained in both circles in an efficient manner? That is, it would be simple to draw a box containing the intersections and iterate through it, checking if a given point is within both circles, but is there a better way?

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• Extracting Information from Images

  - by Khorkrak

  What are some fast and somewhat reliable ways to extract information about images? I've been tinkering with openCV and this seems so far to be the best route plus it has Python bindings. So to be more specific I'd like to determine what I can about what's in an image. So for example the haar face detection and full body detection classifiers are great - now I can tell that most likely there are faces and / or people in the image as well as about how many. okay - what else - how about whether there are any buildings and if so what do they seem to be - huts, office buildings etc? Is there sky visible, grass, trees and so forth. From what I've read about training classifiers to detect objects, it seems like a rather laborious process 10,000 or so wrong images and 5,000 or so correct samples to train a classifier. I'm hoping that there are some decent ones around already instead of having to do this all myself for a bunch of different objects - or is there some other way to go about this sort of thing?

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• AppEngine dev_appserver.py not showing any outputs

  - by shin

  I installed Python2.6 and Google App Engine (GAE). I realized that GAE does not run on 2.6, so I installed 2.5 as well. Now I have a very basic code as follows and it does not show on the localhost:8080 I typed the following in cmd.exe under my dir testapps. c:\Users\myname\testapps"\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\dev_appserver.py" helloworld I am hoping someone lead me to the right direction. helloworld/helloworld.py print 'Content-Type: text/plain' print '' print 'Hello, world!' helloworld/app.yaml application: helloworld version: 1 runtime: python api_version: 1 handlers: - url: /.* script: helloworld.py

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• Can django lazy-load fields in a model?

  - by Leopd

  One of my django models has a large TextField which I often don't need to use. Is there a way to tell django to "lazy-load" this field? i.e. not to bother pulling it from the database unless I explicitly ask for it. I'm wasting a lot of memory and bandwidth pulling this TextField into python every time I refer to these objects. The alternative would be to create a new table for the contents of this field, but I'd rather avoid that complexity if I can.

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• Google App Engine Database Index

  - by fjsj

  I need to store a undirected graph in a Google App Engine database. For optimization purposes, I am thinking to use database indexes. Using Google App Engine, is there any way to define the columns of a database table to create its index? I will need some optimization, since my app uses this stored undirected graph on a content-based filtering for item recommendation. Also, the recommender algorithm updates the weights of some graph's edges. If it is not possible to use database indexes, please suggest another method to reduce query time for the graph table. I believe my algorithm does more data retrieval operations from graph table than write operations. PS: I am using Python.

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• OOWrite is to LaTeX as OODraw is to?

  - by grimborg

  I'm looking for a tool to nicely generate single-page PDFs. My needs are: Able to put a PDF/EPS/... as a background Absolute positioning Able to define tables, lists Able to rotate blocks Reasonably easy syntax (will be used to automatically generate many similar looking documents) Easily usable from Python Free or very cheap In essence I'm looking for the tool X that is to OODraw/CorelDraw/... as LaTeX is to OOWrite/MS Word. I've looked at webkit2pdf and a headless OODraw, but both seem a bit of an overkill. XML-FO has some limitations such as not being able to predict how many pages your document spans. Reportlab is pricey. Any ideas? Thanks!

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• How to wrap Plone authentication around a third-party servlet?

  - by smocking

  We're using Plone to serve up some third-party middle-ware. Unfortunately the middle-ware has a particular servlet that gets invoked from a Java applet and doesn't do any kind of authentication. I would like to firewall this off and somehow wrap authentication around it, preferably using the existing session that users will have on Plone. My first idea was to configure nginx (which we're using as the reverse proxy) to check the cookie and only proxy if the user has a valid session (along the lines of this example). However, how to check the session ID against Plone, since it's all stored in the Zope database? Alternatively we could have a Plone python script that basically passes everything along to the back-end after authenticating, but I'm not sure how to do that. Any suggestions? Or alternative ideas?

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• Inserting rows while fetching(from another table) in SQLite

  - by Samuel

  I'm getting this error no matter what with python and sqlite. File "addbooks.py", line 77, in saveBook conn.commit() sqlite3.OperationalError: cannot commit transaction - SQL statements in progress The code looks like this: conn = sqlite3.connect(fname) cread = conn.cursor() cread.execute('''select book_text from table''') while True: row = cread.fetchone() if row is None: break .... for entry in getEntries(doc): saveBook(entry, conn) Can't do a fetchall() because table and column size are big, and the memory is scarce. What can be done without resorting to dirty tricks(as getting the rowids in memory, which would probably fit, and then selecting the rows one by one)?.

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• Open Source CMS with linked sub-sections and users

  - by Teegijee

  I work at a small college that wants to make "sites" for all of the academic departments (~30). I managed to talk them out of their original idea: 30 individual Wordpress installations. What a maintenance nightmare! What I'm looking for is a CMS (preferably Python or PHP, as those are my areas of expertise) that can automagically create a subsection (or subsite, whatever the appropriate vernacular) complete with user and a couple of headings based on a template. So, I could just click a button and have a new subsection for a new department complete with its own authorized user, and default subsection headings/menu/pages. Is this just wishful thinking? I don't mind getting my hands dirty (this would be the whole of my job duties), so what platform would be a good starting point for something like this? Open source is a must for me as I have literally no budget, and I'm probably going to have to dig pretty deep into the application.

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• How to return a value when destroying/cleaning-up an object instance

  - by Mridang Agarwalla

  When I initiate a class in Python, I give it some values. I then call method in the class which does something. Here's a snippet: class TestClass(): def __init__(self): self.counter = 0 def doSomething(self): self.counter = self.counter + 1 print 'Hiya' if __name__ == "__main__": obj = TestClass() obj.doSomething() obj.doSomething() obj.doSomething() print obj.counter As you can see, everytime I call the doSomething method, it prints some text and increments an internal variable i.e. counter. When I initiate the class, i set the counter variable to 0. When I destroy the object, I'd like to return the internal counter variable. What would be a good way of doing this? I wanted to know if there were other ways apart from doing stuff like: accessing the variable directly. Like obj.counter. creating a method like getCounter. Thanks.

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• Make Sphinx generate me rst for class documentation from pydoc

  - by Michal Cihar

  I'm currently in process of migrating existing (non complete) documentation to Sphinx. The final goal is to have all documentation in Sphinx. The problem I'm facing right now is that I have some documentation using Python docstrings (well the module is actually written in C, but it probably does not matter) and I would like to generate class documentation in form usable for Sphinx from these docstrings. I know there is sphinx.ext.autodoc, but it automatically puts current docstrings to the document. I rather want to generate source (rst) file based on current docstrings, which I could edit and improve manually. So is there some way to turn existing docstrings into rst form which Sphinx consumes?

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• Sphinx autodoc is not automatic enough

  - by Cory Walker

  I'm trying to use Sphinx to document a 5,000+ line project in Python. It has about 7 base modules. As far as I know, In order to use autodoc I need to write code like this for each file in my project: .. automodule:: mods.set.tests :members: :show-inheritance: This is way too tedious because I have many files. It would be much easier if I could just specify that I wanted the 'mods' module to be documented. Sphinx could then recursively go through the module and make a page for each submodule. Is there A feature like this? If not I could write a script to make all the .rst files, but that would take up a lot of time.

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• Trying to figure out URL dispatcher for sluggale URLs like stackoverflow

  - by TylerW

  I'm using the Tornado framework (Python). I have the sluggable URLs working. But I have 3 different entries in the URL dispatcher. I was wondering if someone could help me transform it into one line. This is what I have: (r"/post/([0-9]+)/[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+", SpotHandler), (r"/post/([0-9]+)/", SpotHandler), (r"/post/([0-9]+)", SpotHandler), I want it so that the following URLs all go to the same place. http://domain.com/post/14 http://domain.com/post/14/ http://domain.com/post/14/any-text-it-doesnt-matter-what-it-is

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• Configurator Scan not picking up views

  - by mxmissile

  New to Py and Python. I'm trying to get pyramid Configurator scan to find my views, but I seem to be missing something, it's not picking up my "view" index here are my files: app.py from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server from pyramid.config import Configurator if __name__ == '__main__': config = Configurator() config.add_route('home', '/') config.scan() app = config.make_wsgi_app() server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 6543, app) server.serve_forever() and index.py from pyramid.view import view_config from pyramid.response import Response @view_config(route_name='home') def index(request): print'Incoming request' return Response('<body><h1>Home</h1></body>') Its returning a 404. However, if I remove config.scan() and add the view manually it works fine. from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server from pyramid.config import Configurator from index import index if __name__ == '__main__': config = Configurator() config.add_route('home', '/') config.add_view(index, route_name='home')

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• Explanation needed for sum of prime below n numbers

  - by Bala Krishnan

  Today I solved a problem given in Project Euler its problem no 10 and it took 7 hrs for my python program to show the result. But in that forum itself a person named lassevk posted solution for this and it took only 4 sec. And its not possible for me to post this question in that forum because its not discussion forum. So, think about this if you want to mark this question as non-constructive. marked = [0] * 2000000 value = 3 s = 2 while value < 2000000: if marked[value] == 0: s += value i = value while i < 2000000: marked[i] = 1 i += value value += 2 print s If any one understand this code please explain it simple as possible. Link to the Problem 10 question.

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• is this a correct way to generate rsa keys?

  - by calccrypto

  is this code going to give me correct values for RSA keys (assuming that the other functions are correct)? im having trouble getting my program to decrypt properly, as in certain blocks are not decrypting properly this is in python: import random def keygen(bits): p = q = 3 while p == q: p = random.randint(2**(bits/2-2),2**(bits/2)) q = random.randint(2**(bits/2-2),2**(bits/2)) p += not(p&1) # changes the values from q += not(q&1) # even to odd while MillerRabin(p) == False: # checks for primality p -= 2 while MillerRabin(q) == False: q -= 2 n = p * q tot = (p-1) * (q-1) e = tot while gcd(tot,e) != 1: e = random.randint(3,tot-1) d = getd(tot,e) # gets the multiplicative inverse while d<0: # i can probably replace this with mod d = d + tot return e,d,n one set of keys generated: e = 3daf16a37799d3b2c951c9baab30ad2d d = 16873c0dd2825b2e8e6c2c68da3a5e25 n = dc2a732d64b83816a99448a2c2077ced

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• django + xmppy: send a message to two recipients

  - by Agrajag

  I'm trying to use xmpppy for sending jabber-messages from a django-website. This works entirely fine. However, the message only gets sent to the -first- of the recipients in the list. This happens when I run the following function from django, and also if I run it from an interactive python-shell. The weird part though, is that if I extract the -body- of the function and run that interactively, then all the recipients (there's just 2 at the moment) get the message. Also, I do know that the inner for-loop gets run the correct count times (2), because the print-statement does run twice, and return two different message-ids. The function looks like this: def hello_jabber(request, text): jid=xmpp.protocol.JID(settings.JABBER_ID) cl=xmpp.Client(jid.getDomain(),debug=[]) con=cl.connect() auth=cl.auth(jid.getNode(),settings.JABBER_PW,resource=jid.getResource()) for friend in settings.JABBER_FRIENDS: id=cl.send(xmpp.protocol.Message(friend,friend + ' is awesome:' + text)) print 'sent message with id ' + str(id) cl.disconnect() return render_to_response('jabber/sent.htm', locals())

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• Multi-argument decorators in 2.6

  - by wheaties

  Generally don't do OO-programming in Python. This project requires it and am running into a bit of trouble. Here's my scratch code for attempting to figure out where it went wrong: class trial(object): def output( func, x ): def ya( self, y ): return func( self, x ) + y return ya def f1( func ): return output( func, 1 ) @f1 def sum1( self, x ): return x which doesn't compile. I've attempted to add the @staticmethod tag to the "output" and "f1" functions but to no avail. Normally I'd do this def output( func, x ): def ya( y ): return func( x ) + y return ya def f1( func ): return output( func, 1 ) @f1 def sum1( x ): return x which does work. So how do I get this going in a class?

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• Avoid IF statement after condition has been met

  - by greye

  I have a division operation inside a cycle that repeats many times. It so happens that in the first few passes through the loop (more or less first 10 loops) the divisor is zero. Once it gains value, a div by zero error is not longer possible. I have an if condition to test the divisor value in order to avoid the div by zero, but I am wondering that there is a performance impact that evaluating this if will have for each run in subsequent loops, especially since I know it's of no use anymore. How should this be coded? in Python?

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• looking for a set union find algorithm

  - by Mig

  I have thousands of lines of 1 to 100 numbers, every line define a group of numbers and a relationship among them. I need to get the sets of related numbers. Little Example: If I have this 7 lines of data T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T1 T5 T4 T3 T4 I need a not so slow algorith to know that the sets here are: T1 T2 T6 (because T1 is related with T2 in the first line and T1 related with T6 in the line 5) T3 T4 T5 (because T5 is with T4 in line 6 and T3 is with T4 in line 7) but when you have very big sets is painfully slow to do a search of a T(x) in every big set, and do unions of sets... etc. Do you have a hint to do this in a not so brute force manner? I'm trying to do this in python. Thanks

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• Duplicate an AppEngine Query object to create variations of a filter without affecting the base quer

  - by Steve Mayne

  In my AppEngine project I have a need to use a certain filter as a base then apply various different extra filters to the end, retrieving the different result sets separately. e.g.: base_query = MyModel.all().filter('mainfilter', 123) Then I need to use the results of various sub queries separately: subquery1 = basequery.filter('subfilter1', 'xyz') #Do something with subquery1 results here subquery2 = basequery.filter('subfilter2', 'abc') #Do something with subquery2 results here Unfortunately 'filter()' affects the state of the basequery Query instance, rather than just returning a modified version. Is there any way to duplicate the Query object and use it as a base? Is there perhaps a standard Python way of duping an object that could be used? The extra filters are actually applied by the results of different forms dynamically within a wizard, and they use the 'running total' of the query in their branch to assess whether to ask further questions. Obviously I could pass around a rudimentary stack of filter criteria, but I'd rather use the Query itself if possible, as it adds simplicity and elegance to the solution.

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• Web programming: Apache modules: mod_python vs mod_php

  - by Olivier Pons

  Hi! I've been using for more than 12 years PHP with Apache (a.k.a mod_php) for my web development work. I've recenlty discovered python and its real power (I still don't understand why this is not always the best product that becomes the most famous). I've just discovered mod_python for Apache. I've already googled but without success things like mod_python vs mod_php. I wanted to know the differences between the two mod_php and mod_python in terms of: speed productivity maintainance (I know `python is most productive and maintainable language in the world, but is it the same for Web programming with Apache) availability of features e.g, cookies and session handling, databases, protocols, etc.

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• Ambiguous Evaluation of Lambda Expression on Array

  - by Joe

  I would like to use a lambda that adds one to x if x is equal to zero. I have tried the following expressions: t = map(lambda x: x+1 if x==0 else x, numpy.array) t = map(lambda x: x==0 and x+1 or x, numpy.array) t = numpy.apply_along_axis(lambda x: x+1 if x==0 else x, 0, numpy.array) Each of these expressions returns the following error: ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all() My understanding of map() and numpy.apply_along_axis() was that it would take some function and apply it to each value of an array. From the error it seems that the the lambda is being evaluated as x=array, not some value in array. What am I doing wrong? I know that I could write a function to accomplish this but I want to become more familiar with the functional programming aspects of python.

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• Any better algorithm possible here?

  - by Cupidvogel

  I am trying to solve this problem in Python. Noting that only the first kiss requires the alternation, any kiss that is not a part of the chain due to the first kiss can very well have a hug on the 2nd next person, this is the code I have come up with. This is just a simple mathematical calculation, no looping, no iteration, nothing. But still I am getting a timed-out message. Any means to optimize it? import psyco psyco.full() testcase = int(raw_input()) for i in xrange(0,testcase): n = int(raw_input()) if n%2: m = n/2; ans = 2 + 4*(2**m-1); ans = ans%1000000007; print ans else: m = n/2 - 1 ans = 2 + 2**(n/2) + 4*(2**m-1); ans = ans%1000000007 print ans

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