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  • a more pythonic way to express conditionally bounded loop?

    - by msw
    I've got a loop that wants to execute to exhaustion or until some user specified limit is reached. I've got a construct that looks bad yet I can't seem to find a more elegant way to express it; is there one? def ello_bruce(limit=None): for i in xrange(10**5): if predicate(i): if not limit is None: limit -= 1 if limit <= 0: break def predicate(i): # lengthy computation return True Holy nesting! There has to be a better way. For purposes of a working example, xrange is used where I normally have an iterator of finite but unknown length (and predicate sometimes returns False).

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  • Processing a log to fix a malformed IP address ?.?.?.x

    - by skymook
    I would like to replace the first character 'x' with the number '7' on every line of a log file using a shell script. Example of the log file: 216.129.119.x [01/Mar/2010:00:25:20 +0100] "GET /etc/.... 74.131.77.x [01/Mar/2010:00:25:37 +0100] "GET /etc/.... 222.168.17.x [01/Mar/2010:00:27:10 +0100] "GET /etc/.... My humble beginnings... #!/bin/bash echo Starting script... cd /Users/me/logs/ gzip -d /Users/me/logs/access.log.gz echo Files unzipped... echo I'm totally lost here to process the log file and save it back to hd... exit 0 Why is the log file IP malformed like this? My web provider (1and1) has decide not to store IP address, so they have replaced the last number with the character 'x'. They told me it was a new requirement by 'law'. I personally think that is bs, but that would take us off topic. I want to process these log files with AWstats, so I need an IP address that is not malformed. I want to replace the x with a 7, like so: 216.129.119.7 [01/Mar/2010:00:25:20 +0100] "GET /etc/.... 74.131.77.7 [01/Mar/2010:00:25:37 +0100] "GET /etc/.... 222.168.17.7 [01/Mar/2010:00:27:10 +0100] "GET /etc/.... Not perfect I know, but least I can process the files, and I can still gain a lot of useful information like country, number of visitors, etc. The log files are 200MB each, so I thought that a shell script is the way to go because I can do that rapidly on my Macbook Pro locally. Unfortunately, I know very little about shell scripting, and my javascript skills are not going to cut it this time. I appreciate your help.

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  • Open/Close database connection in django

    - by mp0int
    I am using Django and Postgresql as my DBMS. I wish to set a setting that enables to enable/disable database connection. When the connection is set to closed (in settings.py) the site will display a message such as "meintanence mode" or something like that. Django will not show any db connection error message (or mail them to admins). It is appreciated if django do not try to connect to the database at all.

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  • List as a key to a dictionary

    - by williamx
    Let's say I have a list: a = ['apple', 'orange'] and a dictionary: d ={'apple': [2,4], 'carrot': [44,33], 'orange': [345,667]} How can I use the list a as a key to lookup in the dictionary d? I want the result to be written to a comma-separated textfile like this apple, orange 2, 44 4, 33

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  • How long should it take for someone to be able to type code from memory?

    - by LordSnoutimus
    Hi, I understand that this question could be answered with a simple sentence and that it may be viewed as subjective, however, I am a young student who is interested in pursuing a career in programming and wondered how long it took some of you to get to the level of experience you are now?. I ask this because I am currently working on building an application in Java on the Android platform and it bothers me that I am constantly having to look up how to write a certain section of code in my application such as writing to a database, or how the if loop should be structured. My question really is, how long did it take for you to become experienced enough to actually know exactly how your next line of code was going to look, before you even wrote it?

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  • Jinja2 returns "None" string for Google App Engine models

    - by Brian M. Hunt
    Google App Engine models, likeso: from google.appengine.ext.db import Model class M(): name = db.StringProperty() Then in a Jinja2 template called from a Django view with an in instance of M passed in as m: The name of this M is {{ m.name }}. When m is initialized without name being set, the following is printed: The name of this M is None. The preferable and expected output (and the output when using Django templates) would be/is: The name of this M is . Do you know why this is happening, and how to get the preferred & expected output?

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  • How to Convert multiple sets of Data going from left to right to top to bottom the Pythonic way?

    - by ThinkCode
    Following is a sample of sets of contacts for each company going from left to right. ID Company ContactFirst1 ContactLast1 Title1 Email1 ContactFirst2 ContactLast2 Title2 Email2 1 ABC John Doe CEO [email protected] Steve Bern CIO [email protected] How do I get them to go top to bottom as shown? ID Company Contactfirst ContactLast Title Email 1 ABC John Doe CEO [email protected] 1 ABC Steve Bern CIO [email protected] I am hoping there is a Pythonic way of solving this task. Any pointers or samples are really appreciated! p.s : In the actual file, there are 10 sets of contacts going from left to right and there are few thousand such records. It is a CSV file and I loaded into MySQL to manipulate the data.

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  • llvm-py questions

    - by DSblizzard
    1) Is it possible to use llvm-py on Windows without Visual Studio 2008? Maybe I can compile files on another computer and use on my? 2) Is llvm-py mature enough in your opinion? If not, what are the problems?

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  • Creating a dataframe in pandas by multiplying two series together

    - by Aoife
    Say I have two series in pandas, series A and series B. How do I create a dataframe in which all of those values are multiplied together, i.e. with series A down the left hand side and series B along the top. Basically the same concept as this, where series A would be the yellow on the left and series B the yellow along the top, and all the values in between would be filled in by multiplication: http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.vaughns-1-pagers.com/computer/multiplication-tables/times-table-12x12.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.vaughns-1-pagers.com/computer/multiplication-tables.htm&h=533&w=720&sz=58&tbnid=9B8R_kpUloA4NM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=122&zoom=1&usg=__meqZT9kIAMJ5b8BenRzF0l-CUqY=&docid=j9BT8tUCNtg--M&sa=X&ei=bkBpUpOWOI2p0AWYnIHwBQ&ved=0CE0Q9QEwBg Thanks!

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  • How to create a custom admin configuration panel in Django?

    - by Matteo
    Hi, I would like to create a configuration panel for the homepage of the web-app I'm designing with Django. This configuration panel should let me choose some basic options like highlighting some news, setting a showcase banner, and so on. Basically I don't need an app with different rows, but just a panel page with some configuration options. The automatically generated administration area created by Django doesn't seem to handle this feature as far as I can see, so I'm asking you for some directions. Any hint is highly appreciated. Thank you in advance. Matteo

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  • Introspection of win32com module / pythoncom module

    - by crystal
    Hi, what is the best way to see what all functions that can be performed using pythoncom module? Specifically, i was working with the win32com module to operate upon excel files. I was not able to find introspection for it as we do for the rest of the modules. Can anyone please suggest how can i retrieve this information?

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  • With sqlalchemy how to dynamically bind to database engine on a per-request basis

    - by Peter Hansen
    I have a Pylons-based web application which connects via Sqlalchemy (v0.5) to a Postgres database. For security, rather than follow the typical pattern of simple web apps (as seen in just about all tutorials), I'm not using a generic Postgres user (e.g. "webapp") but am requiring that users enter their own Postgres userid and password, and am using that to establish the connection. That means we get the full benefit of Postgres security. Complicating things still further, there are two separate databases to connect to. Although they're currently in the same Postgres cluster, they need to be able to move to separate hosts at a later date. We're using sqlalchemy's declarative package, though I can't see that this has any bearing on the matter. Most examples of sqlalchemy show trivial approaches such as setting up the Metadata once, at application startup, with a generic database userid and password, which is used through the web application. This is usually done with Metadata.bind = create_engine(), sometimes even at module-level in the database model files. My question is, how can we defer establishing the connections until the user has logged in, and then (of course) re-use those connections, or re-establish them using the same credentials, for each subsequent request. We have this working -- we think -- but I'm not only not certain of the safety of it, I also think it looks incredibly heavy-weight for the situation. Inside the __call__ method of the BaseController we retrieve the userid and password from the web session, call sqlalchemy create_engine() once for each database, then call a routine which calls Session.bind_mapper() repeatedly, once for each table that may be referenced on each of those connections, even though any given request usually references only one or two tables. It looks something like this: # in lib/base.py on the BaseController class def __call__(self, environ, start_response): # note: web session contains {'username': XXX, 'password': YYY} url1 = 'postgres://%(username)s:%(password)s@server1/finance' % session url2 = 'postgres://%(username)s:%(password)s@server2/staff' % session finance = create_engine(url1) staff = create_engine(url2) db_configure(staff, finance) # see below ... etc # in another file Session = scoped_session(sessionmaker()) def db_configure(staff, finance): s = Session() from db.finance import Employee, Customer, Invoice for c in [ Employee, Customer, Invoice, ]: s.bind_mapper(c, finance) from db.staff import Project, Hour for c in [ Project, Hour, ]: s.bind_mapper(c, staff) s.close() # prevents leaking connections between sessions? So the create_engine() calls occur on every request... I can see that being needed, and the Connection Pool probably caches them and does things sensibly. But calling Session.bind_mapper() once for each table, on every request? Seems like there has to be a better way. Obviously, since a desire for strong security underlies all this, we don't want any chance that a connection established for a high-security user will inadvertently be used in a later request by a low-security user.

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  • Django: name of many to many items in the admin interface

    - by Adam
    I have a many to many field, which I'm displaying in the django admin panel. When I add multiple items, they all come up as "ASGGroup object" in the display selector. Instead, I want them to come up as whatever the ASGGroup.name field is set to. How do I do this? My models looks like: class Thing(Model): read_groups = ManyToManyField('ASGGroup', related_name="thing_read", blank=True) class ASGGroup(Model): name = CharField(max_length=63, null=True) But what I'm seeing the m2m widget display is:

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  • Hide deprecated methods from tab completion

    - by Morgoth
    I would like to control which methods appear when a user uses tab-completion on a custom object in ipython - in particular, I want to hide functions that I have deprecated. I still want these methods to be callable, but I don't want users to see them and start using them if they are inspecting the object. Is this something that is possible?

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  • Unbuffered subprocess output (last line missing)

    - by plok
    I must be overlooking something terribly obvious. I need to execute a C program, display its output in real time and finally parse its last line, which should be straightforward as the last line printed is always the same. process = subprocess.Popen(args, shell = True, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE) # None indicates that the process hasn't terminated yet. while process.poll() is None: # Always save the last non-emtpy line that was output by the child # process, as it will write an empty line when closing its stdout. out = process.stdout.readline() if out: last_non_empty_line = out if verbose: sys.stdout.write(out) sys.stdout.flush() # Parse 'out' here... Once in a while, however, the last line is not printed. The default value for Popens's bufsize is 0, so it is supposed to be unbuffered. I have also tried, to no avail, adding fflush(stdout) to the C code just before exiting, but it seems that there is absolutely no need to flush a stream before exiting a program. Ideas anyone?

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  • Framework for Implementing REST web service in Django

    - by Laizer
    I'm looking to implement a RESTful interface for a Django application. It is primarily a data-service application - the interface will be (at this point) read-only. The question is which Django toolsets / frameworks make the most sense for this task. I see Django-rest and Django-piston. There's also the option of rolling my own. The question was asked here, but a good two years back. I'd like to know what the current state of play is. In this question, circa 2008, the strong majority vote was to not use any framework at all - just create Django views that reply with e.g. JSON. (The question was also addressed, crica 2008, here.) In the current landscape, what makes the most sense?

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  • Running an allocation simulation repeatedly breaks after the first run.

    - by Az
    Background I have a bunch of students, their desired projects and the supervisors for the respective projects. I'm running a battery of simulations to see which projects the students end up with, which will allow me to get some useful statistics required for feedback. So, this is essentially a Monte-Carlo simulation where I'm randomising the list of students and then iterating through it, allocating projects until I hit the end of the list. Then the process is repeated again. Note that, within a single session, after each successful allocation of a project the following take place: + the project is set to allocated and cannot be given to another student + the supervisor has a fixed quota of students he can supervise. This is decremented by 1 + Once the quota hits 0, all the projects from that supervisor become blocked and this has the same effect as a project being allocated Code def resetData(): for student in students.itervalues(): student.allocated_project = None for supervisor in supervisors.itervalues(): supervisor.quota = 0 for project in projects.itervalues(): project.allocated = False project.blocked = False The role of resetData() is to "reset" certain bits of the data. For example, when a project is successfully allocated, project.allocated for that project is flipped to True. While that's useful for a single run, for the next run I need to be deallocated. Above I'm iterating through thee three dictionaries - one each for students, projects and supervisors - where the information is stored. The next bit is the "Monte-Carlo" simulation for the allocation algorithm. sesh_id = 1 for trial in range(50): for id in randomiseStudents(1): stud_id = id student = students[id] if not student.preferences: # Ignoring the students who've not entered any preferences for rank in ranks: temp_proj = random.choice(list(student.preferences[rank])) if not (temp_proj.allocated or temp_proj.blocked): alloc_proj = student.allocated_proj_ref = temp_proj.proj_id alloc_proj_rank = student.allocated_rank = rank successActions(temp_proj) temp_alloc = Allocated(sesh_id, stud_id, alloc_proj, alloc_proj_rank) print temp_alloc # Explained break sesh_id += 1 resetData() # Refer to def resetData() above All randomiseStudents(1) does is randomise the order of students. Allocated is a class defined as such: class Allocated(object): def __init__(self, sesh_id, stud_id, alloc_proj, alloc_proj_rank): self.sesh_id = sesh_id self.stud_id = stud_id self.alloc_proj = alloc_proj self.alloc_proj_rank = alloc_proj_rank def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "%s - Student: %s (Project: %s - Rank: %s)" %(self.sesh_id, self.stud_id, self.alloc_proj, self.alloc_proj_rank) Output and problem Now if I run this I get an output such as this (truncated): 1 - Student: 7720 (Project: 1100241 - Rank: 1) 1 - Student: 7832 (Project: 1100339 - Rank: 1) 1 - Student: 7743 (Project: 1100359 - Rank: 1) 1 - Student: 7820 (Project: 1100261 - Rank: 2) 1 - Student: 7829 (Project: 1100270 - Rank: 1) . . . 1 - Student: 7822 (Project: 1100280 - Rank: 1) 1 - Student: 7792 (Project: 1100141 - Rank: 7) 2 - Student: 7739 (Project: 1100267 - Rank: 1) 3 - Student: 7806 (Project: 1100272 - Rank: 1) . . . 45 - Student: 7806 (Project: 1100272 - Rank: 1) 46 - Student: 7714 (Project: 1100317 - Rank: 1) 47 - Student: 7930 (Project: 1100343 - Rank: 1) 48 - Student: 7757 (Project: 1100358 - Rank: 1) 49 - Student: 7759 (Project: 1100269 - Rank: 1) 50 - Student: 7778 (Project: 1100301 - Rank: 1) Basically, it works perfectly for the first run, but on subsequent runs leading upto the nth run, in this case 50, only a single student-project allocation pair is returned. Thus, the main issue I'm having trouble with is figuring out what is causing this anomalous behaviour especially since the first run works smoothly. Thanks in advance, Az

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  • My method is being recognized within my own program. Newbie mistake probably.

    - by Sergio Tapia
    Here's my code: sentenceToTranslate = raw_input("Please write in the sentence you want to translate: ") words = sentenceToTranslate.split(" ") for word in words: if isVowel(word[0]): print "TEST" def isVowel(letter): if letter.lower() == "a" or letter.lower() == "e" or letter.lower() == "i" or letter.lower() == "o" or letter.lower() == "u": return True else: return False The error I get is: NameError: name 'isVowel' is not defined What am I doing wrong?

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  • Add fields to Django ModelForm that aren't in the model

    - by Cyclic
    I have a model that looks like: class MySchedule(models.Model): start_datetime=models.DateTimeField() name=models.CharField('Name',max_length=75) With it comes its ModelForm: class MyScheduleForm(forms.ModelForm): startdate=forms.DateField() starthour=forms.ChoiceField(choices=((6,"6am"),(7,"7am"),(8,"8am"),(9,"9am"),(10,"10am"),(11,"11am"), (12,"noon"),(13,"1pm"),(14,"2pm"),(15,"3pm"),(16,"4pm"),(17,"5pm"), (18,"6pm" startminute=forms.ChoiceField(choices=((0,":00"),(15,":15"),(30,":30"),(45,":45")))),(19,"7pm"),(20,"8pm"),(21,"9pm"),(22,"10pm"),(23,"11pm"))) class Meta: model=MySchedule def clean(self): starttime=time(int(self.cleaned_data.get('starthour')),int(self.cleaned_data.get('startminute'))) return self.cleaned_data try: self.instance.start_datetime=datetime.combine(self.cleaned_data.get("startdate"),starttime) except TypeError: raise forms.ValidationError("There's a problem with your start or end date") Basically, I'm trying to break the DateTime field in the model into 3 more easily usable form fields -- a date picker, an hour dropdown, and a minute dropdown. Then, once I've gotten the three inputs, I reassemble them into a DateTime and save it to the model. A few questions: 1) Is this totally the wrong way to go about doing it? I don't want to create fields in the model for hours, minutes, etc, since that's all basically just intermediary data, so I'd like a way to break the DateTime field into sub-fields. 2) The difficulty I'm running into is when the startdate field is blank -- it seems like it never gets checked for non-blankness, and just ends up throwing up a TypeError later when the program expects a date and gets None. Where does Django check for blank inputs, and raise the error that eventually goes back to the form? Is this my responsibility? If so, how do I do it, since it doesn't evaluate clean_startdate() since startdate isn't in the model. 3) Is there some better way to do this with inheritance? Perhaps inherit the MyScheduleForm in BetterScheduleForm and add the fields there? How would I do this? (I've been playing around with it for over an hours and can't seem to get it) Thanks! [Edit:] Left off the return self.cleaned_data -- lost it in the copy/paste originally

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  • File Uploads with Turbogears 2

    - by William Chambers
    I've been trying to work out the 'best practices' way to manage file uploads with Turbogears 2 and have thus far not really found any examples. I've figured out a way to actually upload the file, but I'm not sure how reliable it us. Also, what would be a good way to get the uploaded files name? file = request.POST['file'] permanent_file = open(os.path.join(asset_dirname, file.filename.lstrip(os.sep)), 'w') shutil.copyfileobj(file.file, permanent_file) file.file.close() this_file = self.request.params["file"].filename permanent_file.close() So assuming I'm understanding correctly, would something like this avoid the core 'naming' problem? id = UUID. file = request.POST['file'] permanent_file = open(os.path.join(asset_dirname, id.lstrip(os.sep)), 'w') shutil.copyfileobj(file.file, permanent_file) file.file.close() this_file = file.filename permanent_file.close()

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  • BioPython: extracting sequence IDs from a Blast output file

    - by Jon
    Hi, I have a BLAST output file in XML format. It is 22 query sequences with 50 hits reported from each sequence. And I want to extract all the 50x22 hits. This is the code I currently have, but it only extracts the 50 hits from the first query. from Bio.Blast import NCBIXM blast_records = NCBIXML.parse(result_handle) blast_record = blast_records.next() save_file = open("/Users/jonbra/Desktop/my_fasta_seq.fasta", 'w') for alignment in blast_record.alignments: for hsp in alignment.hsps: save_file.write('>%s\n' % (alignment.title,)) save_file.close() Somebody have any suggestions as to extract all the hits? I guess I have to use something else than alignments. Hope this was clear. Thanks! Jon

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  • How to customize pickle for django model objects

    - by muudscope
    I need to pickle a complex object that refers to django model objects. The standard pickling process stores a denormalized object in the pickle. So if the object changes on the database between pickling and unpickling, the model is now out of date. (I know this is true with in-memory objects too, but the pickling is a convenient time to address it.) So what I'd like is a way to not pickle the full django model object. Instead just store its class and id, and re-fetch the contents from the database on load. Can I specify a custom pickle method for this class? I'm happy to write a wrapper class around the django model to handle the lazy fetching from db, if there's a way to do the pickling.

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  • Beautifulsoup recursive attribute

    - by Marcos Placona
    Hi, trying to parse an XML with Beautifulsoup, but hit a brick wall when trying to use the "recursive" attribute with findall() I have a pretty odd xml format shown below: <?xml version="1.0"?> <catalog> <book id="bk101"> <author>Gambardella, Matthew</author> <title>XML Developer's Guide</title> <genre>Computer</genre> <price>44.95</price> <publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date> <description>An in-depth look at creating applications with XML.</description> <catalog>true</catalog> </book> <book id="bk102"> <author>Ralls, Kim</author> <title>Midnight Rain</title> <genre>Fantasy</genre> <price>5.95</price> <publish_date>2000-12-16</publish_date> <description>A former architect battles corporate zombies, an evil sorceress, and her own childhood to become queen of the world.</description> <catalog>false</catalog> </book> </catalog> As you can see, the catalog tag repeats inside the book tag, which causes an error when I try to to something like: from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulStoneSoup as BSS catalog = "catalog.xml" def open_rss(): f = open(catalog, 'r') return f.read() def rss_parser(): rss_contents = open_rss() soup = BSS(rss_contents) items = soup.findAll('catalog', recursive=False) for item in items: print item.title.string rss_parser() As you will see, on my soup.findAll I've added recursive=false, which in theory would make it no recurse through the item found, but skip to the next one. This doesn't seem to work, as I always get the following error: File "catalog.py", line 17, in rss_parser print item.title.string AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'string' I'm sure I'm doing something stupid here, and would appreciate if someone could give me some help on how to solve this problem. Changing the HTML structure is not an option, this this code needs to perform well as it will potentially parse a large XML file. Thanks in advance, Marcos

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