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  • Iterating through nested dictionaries

    - by Framester
    I want to write an iterator for my 'toy' Trie implementation. Adding already works like this: class Trie: def __init__(self): self.root = dict() pass def add(self, string, value): global nops current_dict = self.root for letter in s: nops += 1 current_dict = current_dict.setdefault(letter, {}) current_dict = current_dict.setdefault('value', value) pass The output of the adding looks like that: trie = Trie() trie.add("hello",1) trie.add("world",2) trie.add("worlds",12) print trie.root {'h': {'e': {'l': {'l': {'o': {'value': 1}}}}}, 'w': {'o': {'r': {'l': {'d': {'s': {'value': 2}, 'value': 2}}}}}} I know, that I need a __iter__ and next method. def __iter__(self): self.root.__iter__() pass def next(self): print self.root.next() But AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'next'. How should I do it? [Update] In the perfect world I would like the output to be one dict with all the words/entries with their corresponding values.

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  • Socket Lose Connection

    - by Dave Dixon
    I know Twisted can do this well but what about just plain socket? How'd you tell if you randomly lost your connection in socket? Like, If my internet was to go out of a second and come back on.

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  • Django, making a page activate for a fixed time

    - by Hellnar
    Greetings I am hacking Django and trying to test something such as: Like woot.com , I want to sell "an item per day", so only one item will be available for that day (say the default www.mysite.com will be redirected to that item), Assume my urls for calling these items will be such: www.mysite.com/item/<number> my model for item: class Item(models.Model): item_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) price = models.FloatField() content = models.TextField() #keeps all the html content start_time = models.DateTimeField() end_time = models.DateTimeField() And my view for rendering this: def results(request, item_id): item = get_object_or_404(Item, pk=item_id) now = datetime.now() if item.start_time > now: #render and return some "not started yet" error templete elif item.end_time < now: #render and return some "item selling ended" error templete else: # render the real templete for selling this item What would be the efficient and clever model & templete for achieving this ?

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  • detecting circular imports

    - by wallacoloo
    I'm working with a project that contains about 30 unique modules. It wasn't designed too well, so it's common that I create circular imports when adding some new functionality to the project. Of course, when I add the circular import, I'm unaware of it. Sometimes it's pretty obvious I've made a circular import when I get an error like AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'attribute' where I clearly defined 'attribute'. But other times, the code doesn't throw exceptions because of the way it's used. So, to my question: Is it possible to programmatically detect when and where a circular import is occuring?

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  • PGU Tiles collision detection

    - by user280454
    Hi, I've been using PGU(Phil's Pygame Utilities) for a while. It has a dictionary called tdata, which is passed as an argument while loading tiles tdata = { tileno:(agroup, hit_handler, config)} I'm making a pacman clone in which I have 2 groups : player and ghost, for which I want to collision detection with the same type of tile. For example, if the tile no is 2, I want this tile to have agroups as both player and ghost. I tried doing the following: tdata = {0x02 :('player', tile_hit_1, config), 0x02 : ('ghost', tile_hit_2, config)} However, on doing this, it only gives collision detection for ghost, not the player. Any ideas on how I can do collision detection for both the player and the ghost with the same type of tile?

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  • How To Create Per-Request Singleton in Pylons?

    - by dave mankoff
    In our Pylons based web-app, we're creating a class that essentially provides some logging functionality. We need a new instance of this class for each http request that comes in, but only one per request. What is the proper way to go about this? Should we just create the object in middleware and store in in request.environ? Is there a more appropriate way to go about this?

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  • Django debug error

    - by Hulk
    I have the following in my model: class info(models.Model): add = models.CharField(max_length=255) name = models.CharField(max_length=255) An in the views when i say info_l = info.objects.filter(id=1) logging.debug(info_l.name) i get an error saying name doesnt exist at debug statement. 'QuerySet' object has no attribute 'name' 1.How can this be resolved. 2.Also how to query for only one field instead of selecting all like select name from info.

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  • How I can get rid of None values in dictionary?

    - by Vojtech R.
    Something like: for (a,b) in kwargs.iteritems(): if not b : del kwargs[a] This code raise exception because changing of dictionary when iterating. I discover only non pretty solution with another dictionary: res ={} res.update((a,b) for a,b in kwargs.iteritems() if b is not None) Thanks

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  • How to integrate a Ipython console in a PyQT application

    - by user1800689
    I am developing PyQt software for my lab. In this software, I am loading different kind of RAW and analyzed data from a mySQL database (usually in arrays). I would like to integrate an Iython console in a Widget, so that I could interact easily with these data. I had some difficulties with Ipython 0.13 to do this. Here is what I already have (The whole code is very long, so I just show the part containing the widget, the Ipython console and the corresponding import line, if you need more, just tell me): ##I load everything useful to my application, including the following line from IPython.frontend.qt.console.qtconsoleapp import IPythonQtConsoleApp ##then is my whole software ##here is a class containing the Graphical User Interface elements. A button call the following function. self.Shell_Widget is the widget containing the Ipython console, self.MainWindow is the application mainwindow def EmbeddedIpython(self): """ This function should launch an Ipython console """ self.Shell_Widget = QtGui.QDockWidget(self.MainWindow) #Widget creation self.MainWindow.addDockWidget(4,self.Shell_Widget) self.Shell_Widget.setMinimumSize(400,420) console = IPythonQtConsoleApp() #Console Creation console.initialize() console.start() self.Shell_Widget.show() So, as wanted, an Ipython console is launched, and seems to work, but I can not access the whole application variables ,arrays etc... I think the Ipython console is launched independently from my software, but here is my limit in programming... Does someone know how to launch Ipython within my application? Maybe a missing parameter, or a different way to integrate Ipython. for information, this doesn't work: Embedding IPython Qt console in a PyQt application Thank you for your help!!

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  • Modify headers in Pylons using Middleware

    - by Anders
    Hi all, I'm trying to modify a header using Middleware in Pylons to make my application RESTful, basically, if the user request "application/json" via GET that is what he get back. The question I have is, the variable headers is basically a long list. Looking something like this: [('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8'), ('Pragma', 'no-cache'), ('Cache-Control', 'no-cache'), ('Content-Length','20'), ('Content-Encoding', 'gzip')] Now, I'm looking to just modify the value based on the request - but are these positions fixed? Will 'Content-Type' always be position headers[0][0]? Best Regards, Anders

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  • Increasing coverage with try-except-finally and a context-manager

    - by Daan Timmer
    This is the flow that I have in my program 277: try: 278: with open(r"c:\afile.txt", "w") as aFile: ...: pass # write data 329: except IOError as ex: ...: print ex 332: finally: 333: if os.path.exists(r"c:\afile.txt"): 334: shutil.copy(r"c:\afile.txt", r"c:\dest.txt") I've got all paths covered except for from line 278 to line 333 I got a normal happy-flow. I stubbed __builtin__.open to raise IOError when the open is called with said file name But how do I go from 278 to 333. Is this even possible? Additional information: - using coverage.py 3.4 (only listing 3.5, we can't currently upgrade to 3.5)

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  • Implementing __concat__

    - by Casebash
    I tried to implement __concat__, but it didn't work >>> class lHolder(): ... def __init__(self,l): ... self.l=l ... def __concat__(self, l2): ... return self.l+l2 ... def __iter__(self): ... return self.l.__iter__() ... >>> lHolder([1])+[2] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'lHolder' and 'list' How can I fix this?

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  • How to use SQLAlchemy to dump an SQL file from query expressions to bulk-insert into a DBMS?

    - by Mahmoud Abdelkader
    Please bear with me as I explain the problem, how I tried to solve it, and my question on how to improve it is at the end. I have a 100,000 line csv file from an offline batch job and I needed to insert it into the database as its proper models. Ordinarily, if this is a fairly straight-forward load, this can be trivially loaded by just munging the CSV file to fit a schema, but I had to do some external processing that requires querying and it's just much more convenient to use SQLAlchemy to generate the data I want. The data I want here is 3 models that represent 3 pre-exiting tables in the database and each subsequent model depends on the previous model. For example: Model C --> Foreign Key --> Model B --> Foreign Key --> Model A So, the models must be inserted in the order A, B, and C. I came up with a producer/consumer approach: - instantiate a multiprocessing.Process which contains a threadpool of 50 persister threads that have a threadlocal connection to a database - read a line from the file using the csv DictReader - enqueue the dictionary to the process, where each thread creates the appropriate models by querying the right values and each thread persists the models in the appropriate order This was faster than a non-threaded read/persist but it is way slower than bulk-loading a file into the database. The job finished persisting after about 45 minutes. For fun, I decided to write it in SQL statements, it took 5 minutes. Writing the SQL statements took me a couple of hours, though. So my question is, could I have used a faster method to insert rows using SQLAlchemy? As I understand it, SQLAlchemy is not designed for bulk insert operations, so this is less than ideal. This follows to my question, is there a way to generate the SQL statements using SQLAlchemy, throw them in a file, and then just use a bulk-load into the database? I know about str(model_object) but it does not show the interpolated values. I would appreciate any guidance for how to do this faster. Thanks!

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  • Access is denied error with pregenerated .pyc or .pyo files

    - by mukul sharma
    Hi All, I am getting an Access is denied error while I am trying to run the .pyo file by double click or from the command prompt. Lets say I have abc.py (keeping main method entry point) which imports files xyz.py and imports wx etc. I generate the .pyo file. But once I try to run abc.pyo I get the access is denied error. I am not getting why this happening? Any help will really appreciated. Thanks

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  • find the colour name from a hexadecimal colour code

    - by sree01
    Hi , i want to find the name of a colour from the hexadecimal colour code. When i get a hex colour code i want to find the most matching colour name. for example for the code #c06040 , how to find out if it is a shade of brown, blue or yellow ?. so that i can find the colour of an object in the image without human intervention. Is there any relation between the hexadecimal code of the shades of a colour? please give some sample code if there is any.

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  • Non blocking IO call from Django controller from a Windows service

    - by Anders
    Hi all, I have a CherryPy server with a Django application running as a Windows service, inside a controller I need to make a call to wmic, the problem is, so far I have only been able to implement a blocking operation. Does anyone have any recommendation for a non blocking operation so, at least more then one person at a time can access this controller and extract information from wmic? Thanks in advance, Anders

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  • HttpError 502 with Google Wave Active Robot API fetch_wavelet()

    - by Drew LeSueur
    I am trying to use the Google Wave Active Robot API fetch_wavelet() and I get an HTTP 502 error example: from waveapi import robot import passwords robot = robot.Robot('gae-run', 'http://images.com/fake-image.jpg') robot.setup_oauth(passwords.CONSUMER_KEY, passwords.CONSUMER_SECRET, server_rpc_base='http://www-opensocial.googleusercontent.com/api/rpc') wavelet = robot.fetch_wavelet('googlewave.com!w+dtuZi6t3C','googlewave.com!conv+root') robot.submit(wavelet) self.response.out.write(wavelet.creator) But the error I get is this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/ext/webapp/__init__.py", line 511, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "/base/data/home/apps/clstff/gae-run.342467577023864664/main.py", line 23, in get robot.submit(wavelet) File "/base/data/home/apps/clstff/gae-run.342467577023864664/waveapi/robot.py", line 486, in submit res = self.make_rpc(pending) File "/base/data/home/apps/clstff/gae-run.342467577023864664/waveapi/robot.py", line 251, in make_rpc raise IOError('HttpError ' + str(code)) IOError: HttpError 502 Any ideas? Edit: When [email protected] is not a member of the wave I get the correct error message Error: RPC Error500: internalError: [email protected] is not a participant of wave id: [WaveId:googlewave.com!w+Pq1HgvssD] wavelet id: [WaveletId:googlewave.com!conv+root]. Unable to apply operation: {'method':'robot.fetchWave','id':'655720','waveId':'googlewave.com!w+Pq1HgvssD','waveletId':'googlewave.com!conv+root','blipId':'null','parameters':{}} But when [email protected] is a member of the wave I get the http 502 error. IOError: HttpError 502

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  • OperationalError: foreign key mismatch

    - by Niek de Klein
    I have two tables that I'm filling, 'msrun' and 'feature'. 'feature' has a foreign key pointing to the 'msrun_name' column of the 'msrun' table. Inserting in the tables works fine. But when I try to delete from the 'feature' table I get the following error: pysqlite2.dbapi2.OperationalError: foreign key mismatch From the rules of foreign keys in the manual of SQLite: - The parent table does not exist, or - The parent key columns named in the foreign key constraint do not exist, or - The parent key columns named in the foreign key constraint are not the primary key of the parent table and are not subject to a unique constraint using collating sequence specified in the CREATE TABLE, or - The child table references the primary key of the parent without specifying the primary key columns and the number of primary key columns in the parent do not match the number of child key columns. I can see nothing that I'm violating. My create tables look like this: DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `msrun`; -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table `msrun` -- ----------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `msrun` ( `msrun_name` VARCHAR(40) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL , `description` VARCHAR(500) NOT NULL ); DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `feature`; -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table `feature` -- ----------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `feature` ( `feature_id` VARCHAR(40) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL , `intensity` DOUBLE NOT NULL , `overallquality` DOUBLE NOT NULL , `charge` INT NOT NULL , `content` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL , `msrun_msrun_name` VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL , CONSTRAINT `fk_feature_msrun1` FOREIGN KEY (`msrun_msrun_name` ) REFERENCES `msrun` (`msrun_name` ) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `id_UNIQUE` ON `feature` (`feature_id` ASC); CREATE INDEX `fk_feature_msrun1` ON `feature` (`msrun_msrun_name` ASC); As far as I can see the parent table exists, the foreign key is pointing to the right parent key, the parent key is a primary key and the foreign key specifies the primary key column. The script that produces the error: from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as sqlite import parseFeatureXML connection = sqlite.connect('example.db') cursor = connection.cursor() cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON") inputValues = ('example', 'description') cursor.execute("INSERT INTO `msrun` VALUES(?, ?)", inputValues) featureXML = parseFeatureXML.Reader('../example_scripts/example_files/input/featureXML_example.featureXML') for feature in featureXML.getSimpleFeatureInfo(): inputValues = (featureXML['id'], featureXML['intensity'], featureXML['overallquality'], featureXML['charge'], featureXML['content'], 'example') # insert the values into msrun using ? for sql injection safety cursor.execute("INSERT INTO `feature` VALUES(?,?,?,?,?,?)", inputValues) connection.commit() for feature in featureXML.getSimpleFeatureInfo(): cursor.execute("DELETE FROM `feature` WHERE feature_id = ?", (str(featureXML['id']),))

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  • Pretty-printing of numpy.array

    - by camillio
    Hello, I'm curious, whether there is any way to print formated numpy.arrays, e.g., in the way similar to this: x = 1.23456 print '%.3f' % x If I want to print the numpy.array of floats, it prints several decimals, often in 'scientific' format, which is rather hard to read even for low-dimensional arrays. However, numpy.array apparently has to be printed as a string, i.e., with %s. Is there any solution ready for this purpose? Many thanks in advance :-)

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