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• Seek first to understand, then to be understood

  - by BuckWoody

  One of the most important (and most difficult) lessons for a technical professional to learn is to not jump to the solution. Perhaps you’ve done this, or had it happen to you. As the person you’re “listening” to is speaking, your mind is performing a B-Tree lookup on possible solutions, and when the final node of the B-Tree in your mind is reached, you blurt out the “only” solution there is to the problem, whether they are done or not. There are two issues here – both of them fatal if you don’t factor them in. First, your B-Tree may not be complete, or correct. That of course leads to an incorrect response, which blows your credibility. People will not trust you if this happens often. The second danger is that the person may modify their entire problem with a single word or phrase. I once had a client explain a detailed problem to me – and I just KNEW the answer. Then they said at the end “well, that’s what it used to do, anyway. Now it doesn’t do that anymore.” Which of course negated my entire solution – happily I had kept my mouth shut until they finished. So practice listening, rather than waiting for your turn to speak. Let the person finish, let them get the concept out, give them your full attention. They’ll appreciate the courtesy, you’ll look more intelligent, and you both may find the right answer to the problem. Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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• In a specification, should I describe what a product does (ideally) or what it should/must do?

  - by Arlaud Pierre

  I'm writting a German specification (I'm not German). Differences may appear for this process in different cultures, especially in the terminology, but usually here's the idea: The client writes his needs and wishes in a document, called a scope statement or requirements document. The supplier tries to understand the actual need of the client (which might be different to what was written and to what the client meant to say and to what the client thinks he needs, etc.) The supplier writes a specification for the product, which should fill the client's need. The specification needs to be precise enough for the product to be made (ambiguity problems occur). The client and the supplier can check whether they have understood each other, and discuss details of the product. The client agrees with the specification (or at least its current iteration) and the supplier is ready to start the work. (it may of course be expected of you to disagree with this process, but this is irrelevant to my problem): I'm now somewhere around the last two steps and I've been criticized because I wrote what the product must do, and not what it will do ideally. Usually along the lines of The product must be able to perform task A And I was expected to write The product performs task A This is a simple word play, but I feel saying what the product does, while the product isn't even on the way to be made yet, is wrong. I would tend to consider a specification as a contract of what the product is expected to do (what it must do and how it should do it), and not what it does. Said differently, I feel this is the specification and not the manual of the end product…… Should I say what the product must do or what it does?

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• Can I make a business in teaching home users Ubuntu [on hold]

  - by Dorgaldir

  I was thinking about a way to bring Ubuntu to the bigger public, since it has great advantages for people in the lower income class that only use a PC for basic usage. They pay for a windows licence without actually needing windows because 95% of what they do is in a browser and the other 5% is typing a word document or making a simpel Excel sheet. So for these people something like Ubuntu is ideal, they can prolong the life of their old PC or laptop with Ubuntu and thus saving extra money. And as we all know, saving money is not only interesting for the lowest of income but for most of us. But when I talk to people they don't want to use Ubuntu because they know Windows and they don't know this, they'll complain about having to adapt to windows 8 but adapting to Ubuntu seems a bridge too far. But what if someone in the neighborhood gave simple Ubuntu courses. Teaching people about Ubuntu, stuff like: What is an OS What is Ubuntu How do I obtain Ubuntu How do I install Ubuntu How do I set up my email in Ubuntu How do I make a text document in Ubuntu How do I update my facebook wall in Ubuntu ... Simple basic PC usage, but within Ubuntu. But as much as I would like to work for free all day, I can't do this for free for people outside of my social circle. So I was wondering if it is possible to make a business and make money with giving Ubuntu courses, or are their steps to be taken before this is possible. However... Do I need an Ubuntu or Canonical license? Do I need to get a certificate? Do I have to make some kind of deal or contract with Canonical? Just to be clear this is all just an idea in my head at this point, I'm just gathering information. I'm not a teacher at a school, just a programmer that is thinking about options in life. Thanks in advance!

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• How do I cluster strings based on a relation between two strings?

  - by Tom Wijsman

  If you don't know WEKA, you can try a theoretical answer. I don't need literal code/examples... I have a huge data set of strings in which I want to cluster the strings to find the most related ones, these could as well be seen as duplicate. I already have a set of couples of string for which I know that they are duplicate to each other, so, now I want to do some data mining on those two sets. The result I'm looking for is a system that would return me the possible most relevant couples of strings for which we don't know yet that they are duplicates, I believe that I need clustering for this, which type? Note that I want to base myself on word occurrence comparison, not on interpretation or meaning. Here is an example of two string of which we know they are duplicate (in our vision on them): The weather is really cold and it is raining. It is raining and the weather is really cold. Now, the following strings also exist (most to least relevant, ignoring stop words): Is the weather really that cold today? Rainy days are awful. I see the sunshine outside. The software would return the following two strings as most relevant, which aren't known to be duplicate: The weather is really cold and it is raining. Is the weather really that cold today? Then, I would mark that as duplicate or not duplicate and it would present me with another couple. How do I go to implement this in the most efficient way that I can apply to a large data set?

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• python2.7 help() modules returnd error

  - by GerberaH

  # python Python 2.7.3 (default, Aug 1 2012, 05:14:39) [GCC 4.6.3] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> help() Welcome to Python 2.7! This is the online help utility. If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out the tutorial on the Internet at http://docs.python.org/tutorial/. Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing Python programs and using Python modules. To quit this help utility and return to the interpreter, just type "quit". To get a list of available modules, keywords, or topics, type "modules", "keywords", or "topics". Each module also comes with a one-line summary of what it does; to list the modules whose summaries contain a given word such as "spam", type "modules spam". help> modules Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules... /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gobject/constants.py:24: Warning: g_boxed_type_register_static: assertion `g_type_from_name (name) == 0' failed import gobject._gobject /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0/gtk/__init__.py:40: Warning: g_boxed_type_register_static: assertion `g_type_from_name (name) == 0' failed from gtk import _gtk ** (python:6240): CRITICAL **: pyg_register_boxed: assertion `boxed_type != 0' failed /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0/gtk/__init__.py:40: Warning: cannot register existing type `GdkDevice' from gtk import _gtk /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0/gtk/__init__.py:40: Warning: g_type_get_qdata: assertion `node != NULL' failed from gtk import _gtk Speicherzugriffsfehler (Speicherabzug geschrieben)

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• Isn't Java a quite good choice for desktop applications?

  - by tactoth

  At present most applications are still developed with C++, painfully. Lack of portability, in compatible libraries, memory leaks, slow compilation, and poor productivity. Even if you pick only a single from these shortages, it's still a big headache. However the surprising truth is that C++ remains the first choice for desktop applications. Compared to C++ Java has lots of advantages. The success in server side development shows that the language itself is good, Swing is also thought to be as programmer friendly as the highly recognized QT framework (No, never say even a single word about MFC!). All the disadvantages of C++ listed above has a solution in Java. "Performance!", Well that might still be the problem but to my experience it's a slight problem. I'd been using Java to decode some screen video and generate key frames. The video has a duration of more than 1 hour. The time spent on an average machine is just 1 minute. With C++ I don't expect even faster speed. In recent days there are many news on the JIT performance improvements, that make us feel Java is gradually becoming very suitable for desktop development, without people realizing it. Isn't it?

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• Spending a good fortune on a certificate holding Scrum Master or a Veteran XP coach?

  - by ashy_32bit

  There is a very prestigious company that delivers a well-sold software about financial systems. It has more that 20 years of history, and is staffed with about 20 programmers and much larger number of managerial staff. Dissatisfied customers have reported strange bugs and no one has a clue what is wrong, hard to read code, and customization is prohibitively expensive. In a word, the software is rotten. The company decided to spend a fortune and found the Agile thing as the remedy but they are stuck about what it is they need most urgently. Is it about the process or the developers or both? The challenge breaks down to the following options: They can hire a certificate holding Scrum Master to teach them Scrum. When asked about the value of doing it, the SM responded: "I will prepare them to embrace Agile and only then they can go Agile and save the product". They can as well hire a veteran XP coach. When posed with the same question he responded : "The most urgent problem is with the programmers and not the management, XP will save the product from rot and only then Scrum will make sense" Developers are far from capable of doing agile programming practices at the moment. No unit tests, no pair programmings, no CI (huh? what is it?) ... you get the idea. Some say they would be far better trying to improve their programming first (hire option 2) and then go with the process. Many say quite the opposite. Any insights ?

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• How to search the web for programming related solutions?

  - by Bob

  I have the impression that Google has become unusable when searching for programming related questions. Example: I'm Googling for XML-RPC Redstone Cookie I'm expecting results where all three terms are contained. I don't care for results where one term misses. I guess until some months ago Google just worked this way, i.e. all terms were included. Somehow this feature is gone now (Google apparently thinks it is more intelligent than the user and knows what the user is searching for). So I helped myself putting a + in front of every word. This is, however, a bit cumbersome. And for the last weeks, it even doesn't work anymore in all cases, Google ignores the +. So how do you search for progamming related problems? Do you still use Google? If yes, which techniques do you use to get the right results? Or do you use another search engine? Which one?

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• Implementing unit testing at a company that doesn't do it

  - by Pete

  My company's head of software development just "resigned" (i.e. fired) and we are now looking into improving the development practices at our company. We want to implement unit testing in all software created from here on out. Feedback from the developers is this: We know testing is valuable But, you are always changing the specs so it'd be a waste of time And, your deadlines are so tight we don't have enough time to test anyway Feedback from the CEO is this: I would like our company to have automated testing, but I don't know how to make it happen We don't have time to write large specification documents How do developers get the specs now? Word of mouth or PowerPoint slide. Obviously, that's a big problem. My suggestion is this: Let's also give the developers a set of test data and unit tests That's the spec. It's up to management to be clear and quantitative about what it wants. The developers can put it whatever other functionality they feel is needed and it need not be covered by tests Well, if you've ever been in a company that was in this situation, how did you solve the problem? Does this approach seem reasonable?

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• Value my C++ knowledge

  - by PirateOwh

  I have only followed antiRTFM tutorials and read 2 books So, I'll list the things I know better : basic input output and all the variables : integers ( signed unsigned ), float, double, char arrays if, for, while, switch functions, and passing variables to functions and return type thing classes and the concept of oop with separating declaration and definition in the header and in the source pointers so this and some more i think is all i know of C++.. But, i need some exercises to test my knowledge because i want to move on to the library SDL, so I don't know if i should feel ready or not to move on to something totally different.. I feel I should know the basics for good at least. So the question is : How can i value my c++ knowledge? Is there any online tests? Is there any GDD ( Game Design Document ) for free to use and see if i can manage to do it so "i'd pass" ? ( I'm saying GDD since ill move on to SDL and try to make my own game ) When should I move to SDL? What are ALL the things I should "master" ( master is a big word to say.. but so you understand what i mean ) before moving on ? Please I'm really in need of expert advice. I think my question is detailed so i hope you understand what i mean and can give me a good reply. Thanks for the help!

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• Why is the remove function not working for hashmaps? [migrated]

  - by John Marston

  I am working on a simple project that obtains data from an input file, gets what it needs and prints it to a file. I am basically getting word frequency so each key is a string and the value is its frequency in the document. The problem however, is that I need to print out these values to a file in descending order of frequency. After making my hashmap, this is the part of my program that sorts it and writes it to a file. //Hashmap I create Map<String, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Integer>(); //function to sort hashmap while (map.isEmpty() == false){ for (Entry<String, Integer> entry: map.entrySet()){ if (entry.getValue() > valueMax){ max = entry.getKey(); System.out.println("max: " + max); valueMax = entry.getValue(); System.out.println("value: " + valueMax); } } map.remove(max); out.write(max + "\t" + valueMax + "\n"); System.out.println(max + "\t" + valueMax); } When I run this i get: t 9 t 9 t 9 t 9 t 9 .... so it appears the remove function is not working as it keeps getting the same value. I'm thinking i have an issue with a scope rule or I just don't understand hashmaps very well. If anyone knows of a better way to sort a hashmap and print it, I would welcome a suggestion. thanks

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• What kind of projects are suited as a portfolio? [on hold]

  - by Asyx

  I was thinking about finishing up some hobby projects I used myself or am planing to use myself but I'm not sure if a future employer might be put off by them. For example, if I decided to create a custom website for an online (gaming, maybe) community instead of using an existing CMS, is it a good idea to provide a link to said community website or should I just put up the CMS and pretend like nobody actually uses it? Also, what about very specific things? I like linguistics and constructing languages. Obviously nobody wants to come up with 1000s of words so people usually use word generators or software to emulate sound shift or software to organise everything and produce dictionaries and such. Would such a project be too specific and too abstract for a portfolio or is the "he did programming work simply for enjoyment and his hobby and not just for money or grades" thing more important? It's quite an abstract hobby and most people don't even know that it's a thing and think the languages you hear in Game of Thrones, Avatar or Star Trek are just gibberish. Explaining such things to people is a pain to begin with especially if said people speak no other language. Would such things throw an employer off or is the content itself completely irrelevant? Thanks. Also, if this is not fitting for the programmers stackexchange, then please, don't close the thread right away but tell me where else to go because I got here though a closed question from stackoverflow. Thanks.

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• Crontab file is garbled! HELP!

  - by DNA

  I accidentally deleted my .bashrc file in Ubuntu 11.10. I think I restored it but I have two major issues now: Everything that I type has a red squiggly line under it in this field and the suggestion is a german word. My crontab file is completely garbled and looks like this: \00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\008\00\00\00\00\00\008@\00\00\00\00\008@\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00@\00\00\00\00\00\00\00@\00\00\00\00\00tw\00\00\00\00\00\00tw\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00 \00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00(~\00\00\00\00\00\00(~\00\00\00\00\00(~\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00 \00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00P~\00\00\00\00\00\00P~\00\00\00\00\00P~\00\00\00\00\00\90\00\00\00\00\00\00\90\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00 HELP!!!! I am new at Ubuntu and don't know what to do. Please don't tell me to reinstall because I don't know how to. I got this computer from system76 with Ubuntu installed in it.

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• remove "items 1-9 of X" from google result

  - by OSdave

  the results of my Magento based website's categories includes "items 1 - 9 of X" before the actual description of the category. How can I get rid of this? In this snapshot, what I want to delete is the red rectangle edits: @Su, these are the reason: Having text like (Items 1 - 9 of 144 –) appear in a Google listing uses up the 25 word limit that Google allows us. More importantly, the first few words of the description can persuade or dissuade someone from visiting my site. This text will not positively influence people to visit my site. @DisgruntledGoat this information shows up in the source code of that page, like this: <table class="toolbar" border="0"> <tr> <td class="pager" style="width: 414px;"> <table class="pager" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td>Items 1 to 9 of 144 total</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>

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• Why I am getting Presentation Error [on hold]

  - by user105697

  Below is my code. When I submit it in UVA they are giving me Presentation error. I want to know the reason. I have tried all possible ways. In my code I use 2D-array to store each word of a sentence. I also want to know the reason for giving presentation error. #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> int main() { char a[10000],ar[100][10000]; int i,j,k,m,n,l,len[10000],c; freopen("input.txt","r",stdin); while(gets(a)) { k=0; i=0; c=0; for(j=0; ; ++k) { if(a[k]==' ' || a[k]=='\0') { ar[i][j]='\0'; len[i]=c; if(a[k]=='\0') break; i++; j=0; c=0; } else { ar[i][j]=a[k]; c++; j++; } } for(m=0; m<=i; m++) { for(n=(len[m]-1); n>=0; n--) { printf("%c",ar[m][n]); } printf(" "); } printf("\n"); } return 0; }

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• dns queries not using nscd for caching

  - by xenoterracide

  I'm trying to use nscd (Nameservices Cache Daemon) to cache dns locally so I can stop using bind to do it. I've gotten it started and ntpd seems to attempt to use it. But everything else for hosts seems to ignore it. e.g if I do dig apache.org 3 times none of them will hit the cache. I'm viewing the cache stats using nscd -g to determine whether it's been used. I've also turned the debug log level up to see if I can see it hitting and the queries don't even hit nscd. nsswitch.conf # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: files group: files shadow: files publickey: files hosts: cache files dns networks: files protocols: files services: files ethers: files rpc: files netgroup: files # End /etc/nsswitch.confenter code here nscd.conf # # /etc/nscd.conf # # An example Name Service Cache config file. This file is needed by nscd. # # Legal entries are: # # logfile <file> # debug-level <level> # threads <initial #threads to use> # max-threads <maximum #threads to use> # server-user <user to run server as instead of root> # server-user is ignored if nscd is started with -S parameters # stat-user <user who is allowed to request statistics> # reload-count unlimited|<number> # paranoia <yes|no> # restart-interval <time in seconds> # # enable-cache <service> <yes|no> # positive-time-to-live <service> <time in seconds> # negative-time-to-live <service> <time in seconds> # suggested-size <service> <prime number> # check-files <service> <yes|no> # persistent <service> <yes|no> # shared <service> <yes|no> # max-db-size <service> <number bytes> # auto-propagate <service> <yes|no> # # Currently supported cache names (services): passwd, group, hosts, services # logfile /var/log/nscd.log threads 4 max-threads 32 server-user nobody # stat-user somebody debug-level 9 # reload-count 5 paranoia no # restart-interval 3600 enable-cache passwd yes positive-time-to-live passwd 600 negative-time-to-live passwd 20 suggested-size passwd 211 check-files passwd yes persistent passwd yes shared passwd yes max-db-size passwd 33554432 auto-propagate passwd yes enable-cache group yes positive-time-to-live group 3600 negative-time-to-live group 60 suggested-size group 211 check-files group yes persistent group yes shared group yes max-db-size group 33554432 auto-propagate group yes enable-cache hosts yes positive-time-to-live hosts 3600 negative-time-to-live hosts 20 suggested-size hosts 211 check-files hosts yes persistent hosts yes shared hosts yes max-db-size hosts 33554432 enable-cache services yes positive-time-to-live services 28800 negative-time-to-live services 20 suggested-size services 211 check-files services yes persistent services yes shared services yes max-db-size services 33554432 resolv.conf # Generated by dhcpcd from eth0 nameserver 127.0.0.1 domain westell.com nameserver 192.168.1.1 nameserver 208.67.222.222 nameserver 208.67.220.220 as kind of a side note I'm using archlinux.

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• Custom fail2ban Filter

  - by Michael Robinson

  In my quest to block excessive failed phpMyAdmin login attempts with fail2ban, I've created a script that logs said failed attempts to a file: /var/log/phpmyadmin_auth.log Custom log The format of the /var/log/phpmyadmin_auth.log file is: phpMyadmin login failed with username: root; ip: 192.168.1.50; url: http://somedomain.com/phpmyadmin/index.php phpMyadmin login failed with username: ; ip: 192.168.1.50; url: http://192.168.1.48/phpmyadmin/index.php Custom filter [Definition] # Count all bans in the logfile failregex = phpMyadmin login failed with username: .*; ip: <HOST>; phpMyAdmin jail [phpmyadmin] enabled = true port = http,https filter = phpmyadmin action = sendmail-whois[name=HTTP] logpath = /var/log/phpmyadmin_auth.log maxretry = 6 The fail2ban log contains: 2012-10-04 10:52:22,756 fail2ban.server : INFO Stopping all jails 2012-10-04 10:52:23,091 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh-iptables' stopped 2012-10-04 10:52:23,866 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'fail2ban' stopped 2012-10-04 10:52:23,994 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh' stopped 2012-10-04 10:52:23,994 fail2ban.server : INFO Exiting Fail2ban 2012-10-04 10:52:24,253 fail2ban.server : INFO Changed logging target to /var/log/fail2ban.log for Fail2ban v0.8.6 2012-10-04 10:52:24,253 fail2ban.jail : INFO Creating new jail 'ssh' 2012-10-04 10:52:24,253 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh' uses poller 2012-10-04 10:52:24,260 fail2ban.filter : INFO Added logfile = /var/log/auth.log 2012-10-04 10:52:24,260 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set maxRetry = 6 2012-10-04 10:52:24,261 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set findtime = 600 2012-10-04 10:52:24,261 fail2ban.actions: INFO Set banTime = 600 2012-10-04 10:52:24,279 fail2ban.jail : INFO Creating new jail 'ssh-iptables' 2012-10-04 10:52:24,279 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh-iptables' uses poller 2012-10-04 10:52:24,279 fail2ban.filter : INFO Added logfile = /var/log/auth.log 2012-10-04 10:52:24,280 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set maxRetry = 5 2012-10-04 10:52:24,280 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set findtime = 600 2012-10-04 10:52:24,280 fail2ban.actions: INFO Set banTime = 600 2012-10-04 10:52:24,287 fail2ban.jail : INFO Creating new jail 'fail2ban' 2012-10-04 10:52:24,287 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'fail2ban' uses poller 2012-10-04 10:52:24,287 fail2ban.filter : INFO Added logfile = /var/log/fail2ban.log 2012-10-04 10:52:24,287 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set maxRetry = 3 2012-10-04 10:52:24,288 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set findtime = 604800 2012-10-04 10:52:24,288 fail2ban.actions: INFO Set banTime = 604800 2012-10-04 10:52:24,292 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh' started 2012-10-04 10:52:24,293 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh-iptables' started 2012-10-04 10:52:24,297 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'fail2ban' started When I issue: sudo service fail2ban restart fail2ban emails me to say ssh has restarted, but I receive no such email about my phpmyadmin jail. Repeated failed logins to phpMyAdmin does not cause an email to be sent. Have I missed some critical setup? Is my filter's regular expression wrong? Update: added changes from default installation Starting with a clean fail2ban installation: cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.local Change email address to my own, action to: action = %(action_mwl)s Append the following to jail.local [phpmyadmin] enabled = true port = http,https filter = phpmyadmin action = sendmail-whois[name=HTTP] logpath = /var/log/phpmyadmin_auth.log maxretry = 4 Add the following to /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/phpmyadmin.conf # phpmyadmin configuration file # # Author: Michael Robinson # [Definition] # Option: failregex # Notes.: regex to match the password failures messages in the logfile. The # host must be matched by a group named "host". The tag "<HOST>" can # be used for standard IP/hostname matching and is only an alias for # (?:::f{4,6}:)?(?P<host>\S+) # Values: TEXT # # Count all bans in the logfile failregex = phpMyadmin login failed with username: .*; ip: <HOST>; # Option: ignoreregex # Notes.: regex to ignore. If this regex matches, the line is ignored. # Values: TEXT # # Ignore our own bans, to keep our counts exact. # In your config, name your jail 'fail2ban', or change this line! ignoreregex = Restart fail2ban sudo service fail2ban restart PS: I like eggs

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• Custom fail2ban Filter for phpMyadmin bruteforce attempts

  - by Michael Robinson

  In my quest to block excessive failed phpMyAdmin login attempts with fail2ban, I've created a script that logs said failed attempts to a file: /var/log/phpmyadmin_auth.log Custom log The format of the /var/log/phpmyadmin_auth.log file is: phpMyadmin login failed with username: root; ip: 192.168.1.50; url: http://somedomain.com/phpmyadmin/index.php phpMyadmin login failed with username: ; ip: 192.168.1.50; url: http://192.168.1.48/phpmyadmin/index.php Custom filter [Definition] # Count all bans in the logfile failregex = phpMyadmin login failed with username: .*; ip: <HOST>; phpMyAdmin jail [phpmyadmin] enabled = true port = http,https filter = phpmyadmin action = sendmail-whois[name=HTTP] logpath = /var/log/phpmyadmin_auth.log maxretry = 6 The fail2ban log contains: 2012-10-04 10:52:22,756 fail2ban.server : INFO Stopping all jails 2012-10-04 10:52:23,091 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh-iptables' stopped 2012-10-04 10:52:23,866 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'fail2ban' stopped 2012-10-04 10:52:23,994 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh' stopped 2012-10-04 10:52:23,994 fail2ban.server : INFO Exiting Fail2ban 2012-10-04 10:52:24,253 fail2ban.server : INFO Changed logging target to /var/log/fail2ban.log for Fail2ban v0.8.6 2012-10-04 10:52:24,253 fail2ban.jail : INFO Creating new jail 'ssh' 2012-10-04 10:52:24,253 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh' uses poller 2012-10-04 10:52:24,260 fail2ban.filter : INFO Added logfile = /var/log/auth.log 2012-10-04 10:52:24,260 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set maxRetry = 6 2012-10-04 10:52:24,261 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set findtime = 600 2012-10-04 10:52:24,261 fail2ban.actions: INFO Set banTime = 600 2012-10-04 10:52:24,279 fail2ban.jail : INFO Creating new jail 'ssh-iptables' 2012-10-04 10:52:24,279 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh-iptables' uses poller 2012-10-04 10:52:24,279 fail2ban.filter : INFO Added logfile = /var/log/auth.log 2012-10-04 10:52:24,280 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set maxRetry = 5 2012-10-04 10:52:24,280 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set findtime = 600 2012-10-04 10:52:24,280 fail2ban.actions: INFO Set banTime = 600 2012-10-04 10:52:24,287 fail2ban.jail : INFO Creating new jail 'fail2ban' 2012-10-04 10:52:24,287 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'fail2ban' uses poller 2012-10-04 10:52:24,287 fail2ban.filter : INFO Added logfile = /var/log/fail2ban.log 2012-10-04 10:52:24,287 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set maxRetry = 3 2012-10-04 10:52:24,288 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set findtime = 604800 2012-10-04 10:52:24,288 fail2ban.actions: INFO Set banTime = 604800 2012-10-04 10:52:24,292 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh' started 2012-10-04 10:52:24,293 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh-iptables' started 2012-10-04 10:52:24,297 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'fail2ban' started When I issue: sudo service fail2ban restart fail2ban emails me to say ssh has restarted, but I receive no such email about my phpmyadmin jail. Repeated failed logins to phpMyAdmin does not cause an email to be sent. Have I missed some critical setup? Is my filter's regular expression wrong? Update: added changes from default installation Starting with a clean fail2ban installation: cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.local Change email address to my own, action to: action = %(action_mwl)s Append the following to jail.local [phpmyadmin] enabled = true port = http,https filter = phpmyadmin action = sendmail-whois[name=HTTP] logpath = /var/log/phpmyadmin_auth.log maxretry = 4 Add the following to /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/phpmyadmin.conf # phpmyadmin configuration file # # Author: Michael Robinson # [Definition] # Option: failregex # Notes.: regex to match the password failures messages in the logfile. The # host must be matched by a group named "host". The tag "<HOST>" can # be used for standard IP/hostname matching and is only an alias for # (?:::f{4,6}:)?(?P<host>\S+) # Values: TEXT # # Count all bans in the logfile failregex = phpMyadmin login failed with username: .*; ip: <HOST>; # Option: ignoreregex # Notes.: regex to ignore. If this regex matches, the line is ignored. # Values: TEXT # # Ignore our own bans, to keep our counts exact. # In your config, name your jail 'fail2ban', or change this line! ignoreregex = Restart fail2ban sudo service fail2ban restart PS: I like eggs

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• Custom SNMP Cacti Data Source fails to update

  - by Andrew Wilkinson

  I'm trying to create a custom SNMP datasource for Cacti but despite everything I can check being correct, it is not creating the rrd file, or updating it even when I create it. Other, standard SNMP sources are working correctly so it's not SNMP or permissions that are the problem. I've created a new Data Query, which when I click on "Verbose Query" on the device screen returns the following: + Running data query [10]. + Found type = '3' [SNMP Query]. + Found data query XML file at '/volume1/web/cacti/resource/snmp_queries/syno_volume_stats.xml' + XML file parsed ok. + missing in XML file, 'Index Count Changed' emulated by counting oid_index entries + Executing SNMP walk for list of indexes @ '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3' Index Count: 8 + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.1' value: 'Physical memory' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.3' value: 'Virtual memory' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.6' value: 'Memory buffers' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.7' value: 'Cached memory' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.10' value: 'Swap space' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.31' value: '/' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.32' value: '/volume1' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.33' value: '/opt' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.1' results: '1' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.3' results: '3' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.6' results: '6' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.7' results: '7' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.10' results: '10' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.31' results: '31' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.32' results: '32' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.33' results: '33' + Located input field 'index' [walk] + Executing SNMP walk for data @ '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3' + Found item [index='Physical memory'] index: 1 [from value] + Found item [index='Virtual memory'] index: 3 [from value] + Found item [index='Memory buffers'] index: 6 [from value] + Found item [index='Cached memory'] index: 7 [from value] + Found item [index='Swap space'] index: 10 [from value] + Found item [index='/'] index: 31 [from value] + Found item [index='/volume1'] index: 32 [from value] + Found item [index='/opt'] index: 33 [from value] + Located input field 'volsizeunit' [walk] + Executing SNMP walk for data @ '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.4' + Found item [volsizeunit='1024 Bytes'] index: 1 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='1024 Bytes'] index: 3 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='1024 Bytes'] index: 6 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='1024 Bytes'] index: 7 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='1024 Bytes'] index: 10 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='4096 Bytes'] index: 31 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='4096 Bytes'] index: 32 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='4096 Bytes'] index: 33 [from value] + Located input field 'volsize' [walk] + Executing SNMP walk for data @ '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.5' + Found item [volsize='1034712'] index: 1 [from value] + Found item [volsize='3131792'] index: 3 [from value] + Found item [volsize='1034712'] index: 6 [from value] + Found item [volsize='775904'] index: 7 [from value] + Found item [volsize='2097080'] index: 10 [from value] + Found item [volsize='612766'] index: 31 [from value] + Found item [volsize='1439812394'] index: 32 [from value] + Found item [volsize='1439812394'] index: 33 [from value] + Located input field 'volused' [walk] + Executing SNMP walk for data @ '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.6' + Found item [volused='1022520'] index: 1 [from value] + Found item [volused='1024096'] index: 3 [from value] + Found item [volused='32408'] index: 6 [from value] + Found item [volused='775904'] index: 7 [from value] + Found item [volused='1576'] index: 10 [from value] + Found item [volused='148070'] index: 31 [from value] + Found item [volused='682377865'] index: 32 [from value] + Found item [volused='682377865'] index: 33 [from value] AS you can see it appears to be returning the correct data. I've also set up data templates and graph templates to display the data. The create graphs for a device screen shows the correct data, and when selecting one row can clicking create a new data source and graph are created. Unfortunately the data source is never updated. Increasing the poller log level shows that it appears to not even be querying the data source, despite it being used? What should my next steps to debug this issue be?

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• Xen kernel can't see 2 disks of 6 of 1TB, does it have a limitation?

  - by PartySoft

  Linux gentoo-xen 2.6.18-xen-r12 #3 SMP Tue Oct 5 09:28:53 PDT 2010 x86_64 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5506 @ 2.13GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux I have 6 disks of 1 TB and i can't see all of them only 4, can anyone give me an ideea what can i do ? Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rootfs 886G 4.4G 836G 1% / /dev/sda3 886G 4.4G 836G 1% / rc-svcdir 1.0M 44K 980K 5% /lib64/rc/init.d shm 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 917G 200M 871G 1% /home2 /dev/sdc1 917G 200M 871G 1% /home3 /dev/sdd1 917G 200M 871G 1% /home4 The hardware is Dual xeon E5506 processors on a supermicro X8DTL mobo 4.346585] ata3.00: ATA-8, max UDMA/133, 1953525168 sectors: LBA48 NCQ (depth 0/32) [ 4.346588] ata3.00: ata3: dev 0 multi count 16 [ 4.352861] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133 [ 4.352867] scsi3 : ata_piix [ 4.352875] PM: Adding info for No Bus:host3 [ 4.510584] ata4.00: ATA-8, max UDMA/133, 1953525168 sectors: LBA48 NCQ (depth 0/32) [ 4.510587] ata4.00: ata4: dev 0 multi count 16 [ 4.516848] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133 [ 4.516861] PM: Adding info for No Bus:target2:0:0 [ 4.516905] Vendor: ATA Model: SAMSUNG HD103SJ Rev: 1AJ1 [ 4.516910] Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05 [ 4.516920] PM: Adding info for scsi:2:0:0:0 [ 4.517452] SCSI device sde: 1953525168 512-byte hdwr sectors (1000205 MB) [ 4.517460] sde: Write Protect is off [ 4.517461] sde: Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 4.517478] SCSI device sde: drive cache: write back [ 4.517514] SCSI device sde: 1953525168 512-byte hdwr sectors (1000205 MB) [ 4.517521] sde: Write Protect is off [ 4.517522] sde: Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 4.517532] SCSI device sde: drive cache: write back [ 4.517534] sde: sde1 [ 4.524551] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi disk sde [ 4.524855] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0 [ 4.524874] PM: Adding info for No Bus:target3:0:0 [ 4.524928] Vendor: ATA Model: SAMSUNG HD103SJ Rev: 1AJ1 [ 4.524933] Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05 [ 4.524946] PM: Adding info for scsi:3:0:0:0 [ 4.525216] SCSI device sdf: 1953525168 512-byte hdwr sectors (1000205 MB) [ 4.525227] sdf: Write Protect is off [ 4.525228] sdf: Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 4.525242] SCSI device sdf: drive cache: write back [ 4.525280] SCSI device sdf: 1953525168 512-byte hdwr sectors (1000205 MB) [ 4.525286] sdf: Write Protect is off [ 4.525289] sdf: Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 4.525301] SCSI device sdf: drive cache: write back [ 4.525302] sdf: sdf1 [ 4.532691] sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi disk sdf [ 4.533010] sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg5 type 0 [ 4.977669] scsi: <fdomain> Detection failed (no card) [ 5.030479] GDT-HA: Storage RAID Controller Driver. Version: 3.05 [ 5.030635] GDT-HA: Found 0 PCI Storage RAID Controllers [ 5.372350] Fusion MPT base driver 3.04.01 [ 5.372358] Copyright (c) 1999-2005 LSI Logic Corporation [ 5.579176] Fusion MPT SPI Host driver 3.04.01 [ 5.881777] ieee1394: Initialized config rom entry `ip1394' [ 6.166745] ieee1394: sbp2: Driver forced to serialize I/O (serialize_io=1) [ 6.166748] ieee1394: sbp2: Try serialize_io=0 for better performance [ 6.428866] md: md driver 0.90.3 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27 [ 6.428872] md: bitmap version 4.39 [ 6.431518] md: raid0 personality registered for level 0 [ 6.495979] md: raid1 personality registered for level 1 [ 6.570270] raid5: automatically using best checksumming function: generic_sse [ 6.575523] generic_sse: 6608.000 MB/sec [ 6.575526] raid5: using function: generic_sse (6608.000 MB/sec) [ 6.596226] raid6: int64x1 1835 MB/s [ 6.613231] raid6: int64x2 1773 MB/s [ 6.630256] raid6: int64x4 1675 MB/s [ 6.647296] raid6: int64x8 1027 MB/s [ 6.664267] raid6: sse2x1 3578 MB/s [ 6.681268] raid6: sse2x2 4207 MB/s [ 6.698280] raid6: sse2x4 4625 MB/s [ 6.698281] raid6: using algorithm sse2x4 (4625 MB/s) [ 6.698285] md: raid6 personality registered for level 6 [ 6.698286] md: raid5 personality registered for level 5 [ 6.698288] md: raid4 personality registered for level 4 [ 6.781090] md: raid10 personality registered for level 10 [ 7.007043] Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.1.9-k4 [ 7.007046] Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation. [ 9.229465] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds [ 9.229476] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.

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• How to export computers from Active Directory to XML using Powershell?

  - by CoDeRs

  I am trying to create a powershell scripts for Remote Desktop Connection Manager using the active directory module. My first thought was get a list of computers in AD and parse them out into XML format similar to the OU structure that is in AD. I have no problem with that, the below code will work just but not how I wanted. EG # here is a the array $OUs Americas/Canada/Canada Computers/Desktops Americas/Canada/Canada Computers/Laptops Americas/Canada/Canada Computers/Virtual Computers Americas/USA/USA Computers/Laptops Computers Disabled Accounts Domain Controllers EMEA/UK/UK Computers/Desktops EMEA/UK/UK Computers/Laptops Outside Sales and Service/Laptops Servers I wanted to have the basic XML structured like this Americas Canada Canada Computers Desktops Laptops Virtual Computers USA USA Computers Laptops Computers Disabled Accounts Domain Controllers EMEA UK UK Computers Desktops Laptops Outside Sales and Service Laptops Servers However if you run the below it does not nest the next string in the array it only restarts the from the beginning and duplicating Americas Canada Canada Computers Desktops Americas Canada Canada Computers Laptops Americas Canada Canada Computers Virtual Computers Americas USA USA Computers Laptops RDCMGenerator.ps1 #Importing Microsoft`s PowerShell-module for administering ActiveDirectory Import-Module ActiveDirectory #Initial variables $OUs = @() $RDCMVer = "2.2" $userName = "domain\username" $password = "Hashed Password+" $Path = "$env:temp\test.xml" $allComputers = Get-ADComputer -LDAPFilter "(OperatingSystem=*)" -Properties Name,Description,CanonicalName | Sort-Object CanonicalName | select Name,Description,CanonicalName $allOUObjects = $allComputers | Foreach {"$($_.CanonicalName)"} Function Initialize-XML{ ##<RDCMan schemaVersion="1"> $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('RDCMan') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('schemaVersion', '1') $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('version',$RDCMVer) $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('file') $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('properties') $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('name',$env:userdomain) $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('expanded','true') $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('comment','') $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('logonCredentials') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'None') $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('userName',$userName) $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('domain',$env:userdomain) $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('password') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('storeAsClearText', 'false') $XmlWriter.WriteRaw($password) $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('connectionSettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('gatewaySettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('remoteDesktop') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'None') $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('size','1024 x 768') $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('sameSizeAsClientArea','True') $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('fullScreen','False') $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('colorDepth','32') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('localResources') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('securitySettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('displaySettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() } Function Create-Group ($groupName){ #Start Group $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('properties') $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('name',$groupName) $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('expanded','true') $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('comment','') $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('logonCredentials') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('connectionSettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('gatewaySettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('remoteDesktop') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('localResources') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('securitySettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('displaySettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() } Function Create-Server ($computerName, $computerDescription) { #Start Server $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('server') $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('name',$computerName) $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('displayName',$computerDescription) $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('comment','') $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('logonCredentials') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('connectionSettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('gatewaySettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('remoteDesktop') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('localResources') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('securitySettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('displaySettings') $XmlWriter.WriteAttributeString('inherit', 'FromParent') $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() #Stop Server } Function Close-XML { $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() # finalize the document: $xmlWriter.Flush() $xmlWriter.Close() notepad $path } #Strip out Domain and Computer Name from CanonicalName foreach($OU in $allOUObjects){ $newSplit = $OU.split("/") $rebildOU = "" for($i=1; $i -le ($newSplit.count - 2); $i++){ $rebildOU += $newSplit[$i] + "/" } $OUs += $rebildOU.substring(0,($rebildOU.length - 1)) } #Remove Duplicate OU's $OUs = $OUs | select -uniq #$OUs # get an XMLTextWriter to create the XML $XmlWriter = New-Object System.XMl.XmlTextWriter($Path,$UTF8) # choose a pretty formatting: $xmlWriter.Formatting = 'Indented' $xmlWriter.Indentation = 1 $XmlWriter.IndentChar = "`t" # write the header $xmlWriter.WriteStartDocument() # # 'encoding', 'utf-8' How? # # set XSL statements #Initialize Pre-Defined XML Initialize-XML ######################################################### # Start Loop for each OU-Path that has a computer in it ######################################################### foreach ($OU in $OUs){ $totalGroupName = "" #Create / Reset Total OU-Path Completed $OU.split("/") | foreach { #Split the OU-Path into individual OU's $groupName = "$_" #Current OU $totalGroupName += $groupName + "/" #Total OU-Path Completed $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('group') #Start new XML Group Create-Group $groupName #Call function to create XML Group ################################################ # Start Loop for each Computer in $allComputers ################################################ foreach($computer in $allComputers){ $computerOU = $computer.CanonicalName #Set the computers OU-Path $OUSplit = $computerOU.split("/") #Create the Split for the OU-Path $rebiltOU = "" #Create / Reset the stripped OU-Path for($i=1; $i -le ($OUSplit.count - 2); $i++){ #Start Loop for OU-Path to strip out the Domain and Computer Name $rebiltOU += $OUSplit[$i] + "/" #Rebuild the stripped OU-Path } if ($rebiltOU -eq $totalGroupName){ #Compare the Current OU-Path with the computers stripped OU-Path $computerName = $computer.Name #Set the computer name $computerDescription = $computerName + " - " + $computer.Description #Set the computer Description Create-Server $computerName $computerDescription #Call function to create XML Server } } } ################################################### # Start Loop to close out XML Groups created above ################################################### $totalGroupName.split("/") | foreach { #Split the if ($_ -ne "" ){ $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() #End Group } } } Close-XML

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• Linux bcm43224 wifi adapter slows down a couple minutes after boot

  - by Blubber

  I just installed Ubuntu on my mid 2012 MacBook Air. Everything worked out of the box, but the wifi is showing some weird behavior. When I first login it's really fast, loading google.com is near instant, and browsing in general feels at least as smooth as it did on Mac OS. However, after a couple minutes the connection slows down dramatically, sometimes it takes over 5s to load google.com, a simple reboot fixes the problem for another couple minutes. Specs: Wifi: 02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n (rev 01) Driver: open-source brcmsmac driver Kernel: Linux wega 3.8.0-21-generic #32-Ubuntu SMP Tue May 14 22:16:46 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distro: Ubuntu 13.04 (uptodate) I tried a number of things, none of which actually helped Use proprietary sta driver from broadcom Installed firmware into /lib/firmware/brcms (which, as far as I can tell from logs, does not get loaded at all) Switch router to only use 2.4 OR 5 GHz Set router to only use a OR g OR n Set router to use AES encryption only Turned off power management on the adapter Set regulatory region to the correct value (NL) on both router and laptop Disable ipv6 Nothing seems to help, the slowdown always occurs. I did notice that the latency (ping google.com) stays roughly the same (around 9ms). Below is some more information that might be of use. $ lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net 02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n [14e4:4353] (rev 01) Subsystem: Apple Inc. Device [106b:00e9] Kernel driver in use: bcma-pci-bridge $ rfkill list 0: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no $ lsmod Module Size Used by dm_crypt 22820 1 arc4 12615 2 brcmsmac 550698 0 coretemp 13355 0 kvm_intel 132891 0 parport_pc 28152 0 kvm 443165 1 kvm_intel ppdev 17073 0 cordic 12574 1 brcmsmac brcmutil 14755 1 brcmsmac mac80211 606457 1 brcmsmac cfg80211 510937 2 brcmsmac,mac80211 bnep 18036 2 rfcomm 42641 12 joydev 17377 0 applesmc 19353 0 input_polldev 13896 1 applesmc snd_hda_codec_hdmi 36913 1 microcode 22881 0 snd_hda_codec_cirrus 23829 1 nls_iso8859_1 12713 1 uvcvideo 80847 0 btusb 22474 0 snd_hda_intel 39619 3 videobuf2_vmalloc 13056 1 uvcvideo snd_hda_codec 136453 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_cirrus bcm5974 17347 0 bluetooth 228619 22 bnep,btusb,rfcomm snd_hwdep 13602 1 snd_hda_codec lpc_ich 17061 0 videobuf2_memops 13202 1 videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_core 40513 1 uvcvideo videodev 129260 2 uvcvideo,videobuf2_core bcma 41051 1 brcmsmac snd_pcm 97451 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel snd_page_alloc 18710 2 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_rawmidi 30180 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61554 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi snd_seq_device 14497 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi snd_timer 29425 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd 68876 16 snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_cirrus mei 41158 0 soundcore 12680 1 snd apple_bl 13673 0 mac_hid 13205 0 lp 17759 0 parport 46345 3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc usb_storage 57204 0 hid_apple 13237 0 hid_generic 12540 0 ghash_clmulni_intel 13259 0 aesni_intel 55399 399 aes_x86_64 17255 1 aesni_intel xts 12885 1 aesni_intel lrw 13257 1 aesni_intel gf128mul 14951 2 lrw,xts ablk_helper 13597 1 aesni_intel cryptd 20373 4 ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel,ablk_helper i915 600351 3 ahci 25731 3 libahci 31364 1 ahci video 19390 1 i915 i2c_algo_bit 13413 1 i915 drm_kms_helper 49394 1 i915 usbhid 47074 0 drm 286313 4 i915,drm_kms_helper hid 101002 3 hid_generic,usbhid,hid_apple $ dmesg | egrep 'b43|bcma|brcm|[F]irm' [ 0.055025] [Firmware Bug]: ioapic 2 has no mapping iommu, interrupt remapping will be disabled [ 0.152336] [Firmware Bug]: ACPI: BIOS _OSI(Linux) query ignored [ 2.187681] pci_root PNP0A08:00: [Firmware Info]: MMCONFIG for domain 0000 [bus 00-99] only partially covers this bridge [ 12.553600] bcma-pci-bridge 0000:02:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002) [ 12.553657] bcma: bus0: Found chip with id 0xA8D8, rev 0x01 and package 0x08 [ 12.553688] bcma: bus0: Core 0 found: ChipCommon (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x800, rev 0x22, class 0x0) [ 12.553715] bcma: bus0: Core 1 found: IEEE 802.11 (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x812, rev 0x17, class 0x0) [ 12.553764] bcma: bus0: Core 2 found: PCIe (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x820, rev 0x0F, class 0x0) [ 12.605777] bcma: bus0: Bus registered [ 12.852925] brcmsmac bcma0:0: mfg 4bf core 812 rev 23 class 0 irq 17 [ 13.085176] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: false (implement) [ 13.085186] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_config: change power-save mode: false (implement) [ 20.862617] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcmsmac: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: associated [ 20.862622] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 0 (implement) [ 20.862625] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: true (implement) [ 20.897957] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 1 (implement) $ iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11abgn ESSID:"wlan" Mode:Managed Frequency:5.22 GHz Access Point: E0:46:9A:4E:63:9A Bit Rate=65 Mb/s Tx-Power=17 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=63/70 Signal level=-47 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:13 Invalid misc:56 Missed beacon:0

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• dns queries not using nscd for caching

  - by xenoterracide

  I'm trying to use nscd (Nameservices Cache Daemon) to cache dns locally so I can stop using bind to do it. I've gotten it started and ntpd seems to attempt to use it. But everything else for hosts seems to ignore it. e.g if I do dig apache.org 3 times none of them will hit the cache. I'm viewing the cache stats using nscd -g to determine whether it's been used. I've also turned the debug log level up to see if I can see it hitting and the queries don't even hit nscd. nsswitch.conf # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: files group: files shadow: files publickey: files hosts: cache files dns networks: files protocols: files services: files ethers: files rpc: files netgroup: files # End /etc/nsswitch.confenter code here nscd.conf # # /etc/nscd.conf # # An example Name Service Cache config file. This file is needed by nscd. # # Legal entries are: # # logfile <file> # debug-level <level> # threads <initial #threads to use> # max-threads <maximum #threads to use> # server-user <user to run server as instead of root> # server-user is ignored if nscd is started with -S parameters # stat-user <user who is allowed to request statistics> # reload-count unlimited|<number> # paranoia <yes|no> # restart-interval <time in seconds> # # enable-cache <service> <yes|no> # positive-time-to-live <service> <time in seconds> # negative-time-to-live <service> <time in seconds> # suggested-size <service> <prime number> # check-files <service> <yes|no> # persistent <service> <yes|no> # shared <service> <yes|no> # max-db-size <service> <number bytes> # auto-propagate <service> <yes|no> # # Currently supported cache names (services): passwd, group, hosts, services # logfile /var/log/nscd.log threads 4 max-threads 32 server-user nobody # stat-user somebody debug-level 9 # reload-count 5 paranoia no # restart-interval 3600 enable-cache passwd yes positive-time-to-live passwd 600 negative-time-to-live passwd 20 suggested-size passwd 211 check-files passwd yes persistent passwd yes shared passwd yes max-db-size passwd 33554432 auto-propagate passwd yes enable-cache group yes positive-time-to-live group 3600 negative-time-to-live group 60 suggested-size group 211 check-files group yes persistent group yes shared group yes max-db-size group 33554432 auto-propagate group yes enable-cache hosts yes positive-time-to-live hosts 3600 negative-time-to-live hosts 20 suggested-size hosts 211 check-files hosts yes persistent hosts yes shared hosts yes max-db-size hosts 33554432 enable-cache services yes positive-time-to-live services 28800 negative-time-to-live services 20 suggested-size services 211 check-files services yes persistent services yes shared services yes max-db-size services 33554432 resolv.conf # Generated by dhcpcd from eth0 nameserver 127.0.0.1 domain westell.com nameserver 192.168.1.1 nameserver 208.67.222.222 nameserver 208.67.220.220 as kind of a side note I'm using archlinux.

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• Troubleshooting Website problems within the local network

  - by HaydnWVN

  Have an external website which opens fine on some PC's, yet seems to time out (or symptoms of timing out, but never actually does) on others. Seems to only affect (some) of our newer HP Pro 3305 MT Workstations. All of which are running Win7 32bit SP1 with all updates. Older PC's (Win7 32bit SP1 & WinXP) are unaffected. Using Google Chrome & Firefox makes no difference. Opening the website in IE9 Compatibility Mode has exactly the same symptoms. All PC's are on the same local network (Workgroup) using the same DNS server & gateway (inhouse) on the same internet connection, on the same subnet. There is no proxy server, no content filtering, no load balancing etc etc. Only group policy in effect (locally) is for Update scheduling. Local firewalls are all the same (Kaspersky WP4) and our external facing firewall has no IP specific settings. I have no control over the external website, traceroute shows the same destination on all PC's. It is a fairly popular website in our industry (Horticulture) and i'm not aware of any other people (even other sites within our sister companies) with the same problem. Update: Used Fiddler2 to monitor the HTTP request, seems its not getting fulfilled for some reason?! Request sent: GET http://www.rhs.org.uk/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.rhs.org.uk Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.47 Safari/536.11 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-GB,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.6 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Log from Fiddler 2 of the request: This session is not yet complete. Press F5 to refresh when session is complete for updated statistics. Request Count: 1 Bytes Sent: 567 (headers:567; body:0) Bytes Received: 0 (headers:0; body:0) ACTUAL PERFORMANCE -------------- ClientConnected: 17:02:33.720 ClientBeginRequest: 17:02:39.118 GotRequestHeaders: 17:02:39.118 ClientDoneRequest: 17:02:39.118 Determine Gateway: 0ms DNS Lookup: 0ms TCP/IP Connect: 46ms HTTPS Handshake: 0ms ServerConnected: 17:02:39.165 FiddlerBeginRequest: 17:02:39.165 ServerGotRequest: 17:02:39.165 ServerBeginResponse: 00:00:00.000 GotResponseHeaders: 00:00:00.000 ServerDoneResponse: 00:00:00.000 ClientBeginResponse: 00:00:00.000 ClientDoneResponse: 00:00:00.000 RESPONSE BYTES (by Content-Type) -------------- ~headers~: 0 Log of a successful request from a working PC (done this morning, excuse the timestamps being different from above): Request Count: 1 Bytes Sent: 493 (headers:493; body:0) Bytes Received: 20,413 (headers:525; body:19,888) ACTUAL PERFORMANCE -------------- ClientConnected: 08:22:47.766 ClientBeginRequest: 08:22:47.766 GotRequestHeaders: 08:22:47.766 ClientDoneRequest: 08:22:47.766 Determine Gateway: 0ms DNS Lookup: 26ms TCP/IP Connect: 30ms HTTPS Handshake: 0ms ServerConnected: 08:22:47.828 FiddlerBeginRequest: 08:22:47.828 ServerGotRequest: 08:22:47.828 ServerBeginResponse: 08:22:48.905 GotResponseHeaders: 08:22:48.905 ServerDoneResponse: 08:22:48.905 ClientBeginResponse: 08:22:48.905 ClientDoneResponse: 08:22:48.905 Overall Elapsed: 00:00:01.1388020 RESPONSE BYTES (by Content-Type) -------------- text/html: 19,888 ~headers~: 525 So my question has evolved into: What is the difference between the 2 requests and how do I determine why 1 PC is not getting a reply to it's GET request?

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• Linux software RAID6: rebuild slow

  - by Ole Tange

  I am trying to find the bottleneck in the rebuilding of a software raid6. ## Pause rebuilding when measuring raw I/O performance # echo 1 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_min # echo 1 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_max ## Drop caches so that does not interfere with measuring # sync ; echo 3 | tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches >/dev/null # time parallel -j0 "dd if=/dev/{} bs=256k count=4000 | cat >/dev/null" ::: sdbd sdbc sdbf sdbm sdbl sdbk sdbe sdbj sdbh sdbg 4000+0 records in 4000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 7.30336 s, 144 MB/s [... similar for each disk ...] # time parallel -j0 "dd if=/dev/{} skip=15000000 bs=256k count=4000 | cat >/dev/null" ::: sdbd sdbc sdbf sdbm sdbl sdbk sdbe sdbj sdbh sdbg 4000+0 records in 4000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 12.7991 s, 81.9 MB/s [... similar for each disk ...] So we can read sequentially at 140 MB/s in the outer tracks and 82 MB/s in the inner tracks on all the drives simultaneously. Sequential write performance is similar. This would lead me to expect a rebuild speed of 82 MB/s or more. # echo 800000 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_min # echo 800000 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_max # cat /proc/mdstat md2 : active raid6 sdbd[10](S) sdbc[9] sdbf[0] sdbm[8] sdbl[7] sdbk[6] sdbe[11] sdbj[4] sdbi[3](F) sdbh[2] sdbg[1] 27349121408 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 128k chunk, algorithm 2 [9/8] [UUU_UUUUU] [=========>...........] recovery = 47.3% (1849905884/3907017344) finish=855.9min speed=40054K/sec But we only get 40 MB/s. And often this drops to 30 MB/s. # iostat -dkx 1 sdbc 0.00 8023.00 0.00 329.00 0.00 33408.00 203.09 0.70 2.12 1.06 34.80 sdbd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdbe 13.00 0.00 8334.00 0.00 33388.00 0.00 8.01 0.65 0.08 0.06 47.20 sdbf 0.00 0.00 8348.00 0.00 33388.00 0.00 8.00 0.58 0.07 0.06 48.00 sdbg 16.00 0.00 8331.00 0.00 33388.00 0.00 8.02 0.71 0.09 0.06 48.80 sdbh 961.00 0.00 8314.00 0.00 37100.00 0.00 8.92 0.93 0.11 0.07 54.80 sdbj 70.00 0.00 8276.00 0.00 33384.00 0.00 8.07 0.78 0.10 0.06 48.40 sdbk 124.00 0.00 8221.00 0.00 33380.00 0.00 8.12 0.88 0.11 0.06 47.20 sdbl 83.00 0.00 8262.00 0.00 33380.00 0.00 8.08 0.96 0.12 0.06 47.60 sdbm 0.00 0.00 8344.00 0.00 33376.00 0.00 8.00 0.56 0.07 0.06 47.60 iostat says the disks are not 100% busy (but only 40-50%). This fits with the hypothesis that the max is around 80 MB/s. Since this is software raid the limiting factor could be CPU. top says: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 38520 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 64 0.0 2947:50 md2_raid6 6117 root 20 0 0 0 0 D 53 0.0 473:25.96 md2_resync So md2_raid6 and md2_resync are clearly busy taking up 64% and 53% of a CPU respectively, but not near 100%. The chunk size (128k) of the RAID was chosen after measuring which chunksize gave the least CPU penalty. If this speed is normal: What is the limiting factor? Can I measure that? If this speed is not normal: How can I find the limiting factor? Can I change that?

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