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  • How best to use XPath with very large XML files in .NET?

    - by glenatron
    I need to do some processing on fairly large XML files ( large here being potentially upwards of a gigabyte ) in C# including performing some complex xpath queries. The problem I have is that the standard way I would normally do this through the System.XML libraries likes to load the whole file into memory before it does anything with it, which can cause memory problems with files of this size. I don't need to be updating the files at all just reading them and querying the data contained in them. Some of the XPath queries are quite involved and go across several levels of parent-child type relationship - I'm not sure whether this will affect the ability to use a stream reader rather than loading the data into memory as a block. One way I can see of making it work is to perform the simple analysis using a stream-based approach and perhaps wrapping the XPath statements into XSLT transformations that I could run across the files afterward, although it seems a little convoluted. Alternately I know that there are some elements that the XPath queries will not run across, so I guess I could break the document up into a series of smaller fragments based on it's original tree structure, which could perhaps be small enough to process in memory without causing too much havoc. I've tried to explain my objective here so if I'm barking up totally the wrong tree in terms of general approach I'm sure you folks can set me right...

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  • Read from one large file and write to many (tens, hundreds, or thousands) files in Java?

    - by Rudiger
    I have a large-ish file (4-5 GB compressed) of small messages that I wish to parse into approximately 6,000 files by message type. Messages are small; anywhere from 5 to 50 bytes depending on the type. Each message starts with a fixed-size type field (a 6-byte key). If I read a message of type '000001', I want to write append its payload to 000001.dat, etc. The input file contains a mixture of messages; I want N homogeneous output files, where each output file contains only the messages of a given type. What's an efficient a fast way of writing these messages to so many individual files? I'd like to use as much memory and processing power to get it done as fast as possible. I can write compressed or uncompressed files to the disk. I'm thinking of using a hashmap with a message type key and an outputstream value, but I'm sure there's a better way to do it. Thanks!

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  • How can I use Perl to determine whether the contents of two files are identical?

    - by Zaid
    This question comes from a need to ensure that changes I've made to code doesn't affect the values it outputs to text file. Ideally, I'd roll a sub to take in two filenames and return 1or return 0 depending on whether the contents are identical or not, whitespaces and all. Given that text-processing is Perl's forté, it should be quite easy to compare two files and determine whether they are identical or not (code below untested). use strict; use warnings; sub files_match { my ( $fileA, $fileB ) = @_; open my $file1, '<', $fileA; open my $file2, '<', $fileB; while (my $lineA = <$file1>) { next if $lineA eq <$file2>; return 0 and last; } return 1; } The only way I can think of (sans CPAN modules) is to open the two files in question, and read them in line-by-line until a difference is found. If no difference is found, the files must be identical. But this approach is limited and clumsy. What if the total lines differ in the two files? Should I open and close to determine line count, then re-open to scan the texts? Yuck. I don't see anything in perlfaq5 relating to this. I want to stay away from modules unless they come with the core Perl 5.6.1 distribution.

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  • SBS 2008 Duplicate Files - what can I delete

    - by Stu
    I'm trying to look after my company's SBS 2008 server. It keeps running out of space on the C: (OS)drive, so Exchange stops when it gets down to 4Gb free space. From what I can tell after the last time I had a consultant in to fix it, there should comfortably be about 20Gb. Running a duplicate files report gives me a huge list of duplicated files, and identifies just how much space they are hogging. But my question is, which ones can I delete to recover the space? Can I tell, from what's shown on the report, the files that are redundant and can safely be deleted?

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  • How can I copy files with names containing spaces and UNICODE, when using a shell script?

    - by LOlliffe
    I have a list of files that I'm trying to copy and move (using cp and mv) in a bash shell script. The problem that I'm running into, is that I can't get either command to recognize a huge number of files, seemingly because the filenames contain spaces and/or unicode characters. I couldn't find any switches to decode/re-encode these characters. Instead, for example, if I copy "file name.xml", I get "*.xml" and a script error that the file wasn't found for my result. Does anyone know settings or commands that will deal with these files?

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  • Setup.exe files downloading without cab files over poor connections

    - by Colin
    We have customers who are trying to download a setup.exe file over mobile connections that appear to be very slow. They have reported that when they click on the downloaded setup.exe, the install wizard starts up, but part way through the wizard they get an error message indicating that a cab file is corrupt or missing. They couriered a problem tablet to us, and we downloaded the file without a problem but I could replicate the problem by using https to download the file (https is normally used to access the rest of the site, although it is not necessary for the download). When I did this the downloaded file was 2.8MB. It should be 8MB. I don't think that https is the root cause of the problem because I can see the download link in the browser history using http, so I know the customer tried to download using http. I think that the issue is that the poor connection is preventing a complete download, but the browser is acting as if it is complete. Is there a way to ensure the file is downloaded fully, or not at all? Why does the browser not indicate that the download is incomplete?

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  • large amount of data in many text files - how to process?

    - by Stephen
    Hi, I have large amounts of data (a few terabytes) and accumulating... They are contained in many tab-delimited flat text files (each about 30MB). Most of the task involves reading the data and aggregating (summing/averaging + additional transformations) over observations/rows based on a series of predicate statements, and then saving the output as text, HDF5, or SQLite files, etc. I normally use R for such tasks but I fear this may be a bit large. Some candidate solutions are to 1) write the whole thing in C (or Fortran) 2) import the files (tables) into a relational database directly and then pull off chunks in R or Python (some of the transformations are not amenable for pure SQL solutions) 3) write the whole thing in Python Would (3) be a bad idea? I know you can wrap C routines in Python but in this case since there isn't anything computationally prohibitive (e.g., optimization routines that require many iterative calculations), I think I/O may be as much of a bottleneck as the computation itself. Do you have any recommendations on further considerations or suggestions? Thanks

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  • remuxing mpv files from h264 AVI files

    - by crankharder
    I have a bunch of, I think, x264 encoded AVIs that I'd like to convert to m4v so that I can play with Quicktime. Here's how I created them First I dump the vob from DVD with this: $ mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile new.vob dvd://1 Then I compress it: $ mencoder -oac copy -o new.avi -ovc x264 -x264encopts crf=18 new.vob I tried doing this to convertthem to m4v, but it's blowing up... I tried dumping the h264/acc streams: $ mplayer new.avi -dumpvideo -dumpfile new.h264 $ mplayer new.avi -dumpaudio -dumpfile new.acc And remuxing(?) with MP4Box but I'm getting an error: $ MP4Box -add new.h264#video -add new.aac#audio new.m4v Cannot find H264 start code Error importing new.h264#video: BitStream Not Compliant So not sure what to do now...

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  • Vbscript - Compare and copy files from folder if newer than destination files

    - by Kenny Bones
    Hi, I'm trying to design this script that's supposed to be used as a part of a logon script for alot of users. And this script is basically supposed to take a source folder and destination folder as basically just make sure that the destination folder has the exact same content as the source folder. But only copy if the datemodified stamp of the source file is newer than the destination file. I have been thinking out this basic pseudo code, just trying to make sure this is valid and solid basically. Dim strSourceFolder, strDestFolder strSourceFolder = "C:\Users\User\SourceFolder\" strDestFolder = "C:\Users\User\DestFolder\" For each file in StrSourceFolder ReplaceIfNewer (file, strDestFolder) Next Sub ReplaceIfNewer (SourceFile, DestFolder) Dim DateModifiedSourceFile, DateModifiedDestFile DateModifiedSourceFile = SourceFile.DateModified() DateModifiedDestFile = DestFolder & "\" & SourceFile.DateModified() If DateModifiedSourceFile < DateModifiedDestFile Copy SourceFile to SourceFolder End if End Sub Would this work? I'm not quite sure how it can be done, but I could probably spend all day figuring it out. But the people here are generally so amazingly smart that with your help it would take alot less time :)

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  • How can I read pcap files in a friendly format?

    - by Tony
    a simple cat on the pcap file looks terrible: $cat tcp_dump.pcap ?ò????YVJ? JJ ?@@.?E<??@@ ?CA??qe?U?????h? .Ceh?YVJ?? JJ ?@@.?E<??@@ CA??qe?U?????z? .ChV?YVJ$?JJ ?@@.?E<-/@@A?CA??9????F???A&? .Ck??YVJgeJJ@@.??#3E<@3{n??9CA??P???F???<K? ??`.Ck??YVJgeBB ?@@.?E4-0@@AFCA??9????F?P????? .Ck???`?YVJ?""@@.??#3E?L@3?I??9CA??P???F????? ???.Ck?220-rly-da03.mx etc. I tried to make it prettier with: sudo tcpdump -ttttnnr tcp_dump.pcap reading from file tcp_dump.pcap, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet) 2009-07-09 20:57:40.819734 IP 67.23.28.65.49237 > 216.239.113.101.25: S 2535121895:2535121895(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 776168808 0,nop,wscale 5> 2009-07-09 20:57:43.819905 IP 67.23.28.65.49237 > 216.239.113.101.25: S 2535121895:2535121895(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 776169558 0,nop,wscale 5> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.248100 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: S 2644526720:2644526720(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 776170415 0,nop,wscale 5> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.288103 IP 205.188.159.57.25 > 67.23.28.65.42385: S 1358829769:1358829769(0) ack 2644526721 win 5792 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4292123488 776170415,nop,wscale 2> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.288103 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: . ack 1 win 183 <nop,nop,timestamp 776170425 4292123488> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.368107 IP 205.188.159.57.25 > 67.23.28.65.42385: P 1:481(480) ack 1 win 1448 <nop,nop,timestamp 4292123568 776170425> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.368107 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: . ack 481 win 216 <nop,nop,timestamp 776170445 4292123568> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.368107 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: P 1:18(17) ack 481 win 216 <nop,nop,timestamp 776170445 4292123568> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.404109 IP 205.188.159.57.25 > 67.23.28.65.42385: . ack 18 win 1448 <nop,nop,timestamp 4292123606 776170445> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.404109 IP 205.188.159.57.25 > 67.23.28.65.42385: P 481:536(55) ack 18 win 1448 <nop,nop,timestamp 4292123606 776170445> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.404109 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: P 18:44(26) ack 536 win 216 <nop,nop,timestamp 776170454 4292123606> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.444112 IP 205.188.159.57.25 > 67.23.28.65.42385: P 536:581(45) ack 44 win 1448 <nop,nop,timestamp 4292123644 776170454> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.484114 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: . ack 581 win 216 <nop,nop,timestamp 776170474 4292123644> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.616121 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: P 44:50(6) ack 581 win 216 <nop,nop,timestamp 776170507 4292123644> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.652123 IP 205.188.159.57.25 > 67.23.28.65.42385: P 581:589(8) ack 50 win 1448 <nop,nop,timestamp 4292123855 776170507> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.652123 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: . ack 589 win 216 <nop,nop,timestamp 776170516 4292123855> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.652123 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: P 50:56(6) ack 589 win 216 <nop,nop,timestamp 776170516 4292123855> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.652123 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: F 56:56(0) ack 589 win 216 <nop,nop,timestamp 776170516 4292123855> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.668124 IP 67.23.28.65.49239 > 216.239.113.101.25: S 2642380481:2642380481(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 776170520 0,nop,wscale 5> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.692126 IP 205.188.159.57.25 > 67.23.28.65.42385: P 589:618(29) ack 57 win 1448 <nop,nop,timestamp 4292123893 776170516> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.692126 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: R 2644526777:2644526777(0) win 0 2009-07-09 20:57:47.692126 IP 205.188.159.57.25 > 67.23.28.65.42385: F 618:618(0) ack 57 win 1448 <nop,nop,timestamp 4292123893 776170516> 2009-07-09 20:57:47.692126 IP 67.23.28.65.42385 > 205.188.159.57.25: R 2644526777:2644526777(0) win 0 Well...that is much prettier but it doesn't show the actual messages. I can actually extract more information just viewing the RAW file. What is the best ( and preferably easiest) way to just view all the contents of the pcap file? UPDATE Thanks to the responses below, I made some progress. Here is what it looks like now: tcpdump -qns 0 -A -r blah.pcap 20:57:47.368107 IP 205.188.159.57.25 > 67.23.28.65.42385: tcp 480 0x0000: 4500 0214 834c 4000 3306 f649 cdbc 9f39 [email protected] 0x0010: 4317 1c41 0019 a591 50fe 18ca 9da0 4681 C..A....P.....F. 0x0020: 8018 05a8 848f 0000 0101 080a ffd4 9bb0 ................ 0x0030: 2e43 6bb9 3232 302d 726c 792d 6461 3033 .Ck.220-rly-da03 0x0040: 2e6d 782e 616f 6c2e 636f 6d20 4553 4d54 .mx.aol.com.ESMT 0x0050: 5020 6d61 696c 5f72 656c 6179 5f69 6e2d P.mail_relay_in- 0x0060: 6461 3033 2e34 3b20 5468 752c 2030 3920 da03.4;.Thu,.09. 0x0070: 4a75 6c20 3230 3039 2031 363a 3537 3a34 Jul.2009.16:57:4 0x0080: 3720 2d30 3430 300d 0a32 3230 2d41 6d65 7.-0400..220-Ame 0x0090: 7269 6361 204f 6e6c 696e 6520 2841 4f4c rica.Online.(AOL 0x00a0: 2920 616e 6420 6974 7320 6166 6669 6c69 ).and.its.affili 0x00b0: 6174 6564 2063 6f6d 7061 6e69 6573 2064 ated.companies.d etc. This looks good, but it still makes the actual message on the right difficult to read. Is there a way to view those messages in a more friendly way? UPDATE This made it pretty: tcpick -C -yP -r tcp_dump.pcap Thanks!

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  • Is there a distributed VCS that can manage large files?

    - by joelhardi
    Is there a distributed version control system (git, bazaar, mercurial, darcs etc.) that can handle files larger than available RAM? I need to be able to commit large binary files (i.e. datasets, source video/images, archives), but I don't need to be able to diff them, just be able to commit and then update when the file changes. I last looked at this about a year ago, and none of the obvious candidates allowed this, since they're all designed to diff in memory for speed. That left me with a VCS for managing code and something else ("asset management" software or just rsync and scripts) for large files, which is pretty ugly when the directory structures of the two overlap.

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  • Dreamweaver creating temp php files instead of working direct from the local test server files

    - by Dan382
    Trying to get MAMP running with Dreamweaver. When I preview a php file inside Dreamweavers 'Live View' mode instead of working direct from my file: http://localhost/php_test/timetest.php it creates its own temp file which looks like: http:// 127.0.0.1/php_test/ TMPWY5ZEM.php (I've added the additional spaces as stockoverflow assumed I was spamming) I know the localhost runs correctly as if I type the URL directly into a browser it runs fine. I've set up the Dreamweaver site correctly to the best of my knowledge, the details are below: Local site folder: /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/php_test Server Folder: /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/php_test Web URL: http://localhost/php_test/ Testing Server: PHP MySQL Any help?

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  • how to get files from one PC to another using c#.net?

    - by shruti
    im using c#.net..i want to get the files that are on the server PC to my PC..both the PCs are connected through network.. i have given IP address of that PC in the path...but its not copying the files to my folder. im using the following code ...but its not working..kindly help me out.. File.Copy(Path.GetFileName(sourceFile), Path.GetDirectoryName(targetpath)); in sourceFile i have given IP address + folder path of the server PC and in the targetpath i have given the path of the folder of my PC to which i want to copy the files..

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  • Where do I put the links to my Javascript/jQuery files in my html file?

    - by Qlidnaque
    I recently noticed that some (not all) of my javascript and jQuery scripts wouldn't work unless I put the link for the .js files nearer towards the bottom of the page instead of the head area where I put my links for my .css files. From what I understand, javascript can go in either places and it is recommended to not be put in the header as it slows down the page loading process as well. At the same time, if I put it in the body tag of the html file, it looks somewhat messy and was wondering what the best practice is for putting .js files in a cleanly place. Should I always put it at the very bottom right before the ending body tag? How do professional web developers handle this?

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  • trying to prune down a list of files

    - by romunov
    I have a list of files and I'm trying to extract all layer1_*.grd files. Is there a way of doing this in one grep expression? lof <- c("layer1_1.grd", "layer1_1.gri", "layer1_2.grd", "layer1_2.gri", "layer1_3.grd", "layer1_3.gri", "layer1_4.grd", "layer1_4.gri", "layer1_5.grd", "layer1_5.gri", "layer2_1.grd", "layer2_1.gri", "layer2_2.grd", "layer2_2.gri", "layer2_3.grd", "layer2_3.gri", "layer2_4.grd", "layer2_4.gri", "layer2_5.grd", "layer2_5.gri", "layer3_1.grd", "layer3_1.gri", "layer3_2.grd", "layer3_2.gri", "layer3_3.grd", "layer3_3.gri", "layer3_4.grd", "layer3_4.gri", "layer3_5.grd", "layer3_5.gri", "layer4_1.grd", "layer4_1.gri", "layer4_2.grd", "layer4_2.gri", "layer4_3.grd", "layer4_3.gri", "layer4_4.grd", "layer4_4.gri", "layer4_5.grd", "layer4_5.gri" I tried doing this in two steps: list.of.files <- list.files(pattern = c("1_")) list.of.files <- list.of.files[grep(".grd", list.of.files)] Can someone enlighten me how to do this with grep in one step? I naively tried passing list() and c() to the grep but, as you can imagine, it doesn't work. list.of.files <- list.files() list.of.files <- list.of.files[grep(list("1_", ".grd"), list.of.files)]

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  • how to copy database files from the network access server to Client PC in c#.net?

    - by zoya
    im using a code to copy the files from the database of server PC. so im accessing that server PC through IP address but it is giving me error and not copying the files in the folder of my PC (client PC) this is my code that im using...can u tell me where im wrong?? the file path is given on my listview in winform.. public string RecordingFileCopy(string recordpath,string ipadd) { string strFinalPath; strFinalPath = String.Format("\\{0}'{1}'",ipadd,recordpath); return strFinalPath; } on button click event.... { try { foreach (ListViewItem item in listView1.Items) { string sourceFile = item.SubItems[5].Text; RecordingFileCopy(sourceFile,"10.0.4.123"); File.Copy(sourceFile, Path.Combine(@"E:\name\MyDir", Path.GetFileName(sourceFile))); } } catch { MessageBox.Show("Files are not copied to folder", _strMsg, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); } }

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  • Find RARs with duplicate content

    - by Scott McClenning
    I need a utility to find RAR files that contain duplicate data (i.e. files within the RAR that hash the same, but could have different names). I can open the RARs and see the CRCs are the same, but I was hoping for a more automated process that would work in bulk (hundreds of files). Hashing the overall RAR won't help because the file contained within could have different names, or the archive could be compressed at different levels. If needed, a utility that would extract the contents of the RARs and then compare would work, but is not preferred. I would prefer a free utility for Windows, but a pay utility or a utility for Linux would be acceptable.

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  • How to insert large files in mysql database using php? [closed]

    - by anjan
    Hi! I want to upload a large file of size 10M max to my mysql database. Using .htaccess i changed the PHP's own file upload limit to "10485760" = 10M, i am able to upload files upto 10M size without any problem. But i can not insert the file in database if it is more that 1M in size. i am using file_get_contents to read all file data and pass it to the insert query as a string to be inserted into a LONGBLOB field. But files with more than 1M size is not being added to database, though i can use print_r($_FILES) to examine that the file uploaded correctly. Any help will be appreciated and i will need it within next 6 hours. So, please help! best regards, Anjan * This is a duplicate of http://stackoverflow.com/questions/492549/how-can-i-insert-large-files-in-mysql-db-using-php *

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  • SQL SERVER – Shrinking NDF and MDF Files – Readers’ Opinion

    - by pinaldave
    Previously, I had written a blog post about SQL SERVER – Shrinking NDF and MDF Files – A Safe Operation. After that, I have written the following blog post that talks about the advantage and disadvantage of Shrinking and why one should not be Shrinking a file SQL SERVER – SHRINKFILE and TRUNCATE Log File in SQL Server 2008. On this subject, SQL Server Expert Imran Mohammed left an excellent comment. I just feel that his comment is worth a big article itself. For everybody to read his wonderful explanation, I am posting this blog post here. Thanks Imran! Shrinking Database always creates performance degradation and increases fragmentation in the database. I suggest that you keep that in mind before you start reading the following comment. If you are going to say Shrinking Database is bad and evil, here I am saying it first and loud. Now, the comment of Imran is written while keeping in mind only the process showing how the Shrinking Database Operation works. Imran has already explained his understanding and requests further explanation. I have removed the Best Practices section from Imran’s comments, as there are a few corrections. Comments from Imran - Before I explain to you the concept of Shrink Database, let us understand the concept of Database Files. When we create a new database inside the SQL Server, it is typical that SQl Server creates two physical files in the Operating System: one with .MDF Extension, and another with .LDF Extension. .MDF is called as Primary Data File. .LDF is called as Transactional Log file. If you add one or more data files to a database, the physical file that will be created in the Operating System will have an extension of .NDF, which is called as Secondary Data File; whereas, when you add one or more log files to a database, the physical file that will be created in the Operating System will have the same extension as .LDF. The questions now are, “Why does a new data file have a different extension (.NDF)?”, “Why is it called as a secondary data file?” and, “Why is .MDF file called as a primary data file?” Answers: Note: The following explanation is based on my limited knowledge of SQL Server, so experts please do comment. A data file with a .MDF extension is called a Primary Data File, and the reason behind it is that it contains Database Catalogs. Catalogs mean Meta Data. Meta Data is “Data about Data”. An example for Meta Data includes system objects that store information about other objects, except the data stored by the users. sysobjects stores information about all objects in that database. sysindexes stores information about all indexes and rows of every table in that database. syscolumns stores information about all columns that each table has in that database. sysusers stores how many users that database has. Although Meta Data stores information about other objects, it is not the transactional data that a user enters; rather, it’s a system data about the data. Because Primary Data File (.MDF) contains important information about the database, it is treated as a special file. It is given the name Primary Data file because it contains the Database Catalogs. This file is present in the Primary File Group. You can always create additional objects (Tables, indexes etc.) in the Primary data file (This file is present in the Primary File group), by mentioning that you want to create this object under the Primary File Group. Any additional data file that you add to the database will have only transactional data but no Meta Data, so that’s why it is called as the Secondary Data File. It is given the extension name .NDF so that the user can easily identify whether a specific data file is a Primary Data File or a Secondary Data File(s). There are many advantages of storing data in different files that are under different file groups. You can put your read only in the tables in one file (file group) and read-write tables in another file (file group) and take a backup of only the file group that has read the write data, so that you can avoid taking the backup of a read-only data that cannot be altered. Creating additional files in different physical hard disks also improves I/O performance. A real-time scenario where we use Files could be this one: Let’s say you have created a database called MYDB in the D-Drive which has a 50 GB space. You also have 1 Database File (.MDF) and 1 Log File on D-Drive and suppose that all of that 50 GB space has been used up and you do not have any free space left but you still want to add an additional space to the database. One easy option would be to add one more physical hard disk to the server, add new data file to MYDB database and create this new data file in a new hard disk then move some of the objects from one file to another, and put the file group under which you added new file as default File group, so that any new object that is created gets into the new files, unless specified. Now that we got a basic idea of what data files are, what type of data they store and why they are named the way they are, let’s move on to the next topic, Shrinking. First of all, I disagree with the Microsoft terminology for naming this feature as “Shrinking”. Shrinking, in regular terms, means to reduce the size of a file by means of compressing it. BUT in SQL Server, Shrinking DOES NOT mean compressing. Shrinking in SQL Server means to remove an empty space from database files and release the empty space either to the Operating System or to SQL Server. Let’s examine this through an example. Let’s say you have a database “MYDB” with a size of 50 GB that has a free space of about 20 GB, which means 30GB in the database is filled with data and the 20 GB of space is free in the database because it is not currently utilized by the SQL Server (Database); it is reserved and not yet in use. If you choose to shrink the database and to release an empty space to Operating System, and MIND YOU, you can only shrink the database size to 30 GB (in our example). You cannot shrink the database to a size less than what is filled with data. So, if you have a database that is full and has no empty space in the data file and log file (you don’t have an extra disk space to set Auto growth option ON), YOU CANNOT issue the SHRINK Database/File command, because of two reasons: There is no empty space to be released because the Shrink command does not compress the database; it only removes the empty space from the database files and there is no empty space. Remember, the Shrink command is a logged operation. When we perform the Shrink operation, this information is logged in the log file. If there is no empty space in the log file, SQL Server cannot write to the log file and you cannot shrink a database. Now answering your questions: (1) Q: What are the USEDPAGES & ESTIMATEDPAGES that appear on the Results Pane after using the DBCC SHRINKDATABASE (NorthWind, 10) ? A: According to Books Online (For SQL Server 2000): UsedPages: the number of 8-KB pages currently used by the file. EstimatedPages: the number of 8-KB pages that SQL Server estimates the file could be shrunk down to. Important Note: Before asking any question, make sure you go through Books Online or search on the Google once. The reasons for doing so have many advantages: 1. If someone else already has had this question before, chances that it is already answered are more than 50 %. 2. This reduces your waiting time for the answer. (2) Q: What is the difference between Shrinking the Database using DBCC command like the one above & shrinking it from the Enterprise Manager Console by Right-Clicking the database, going to TASKS & then selecting SHRINK Option, on a SQL Server 2000 environment? A: As far as my knowledge goes, there is no difference, both will work the same way, one advantage of using this command from query analyzer is, your console won’t be freezed. You can do perform your regular activities using Enterprise Manager. (3) Q: What is this .NDF file that is discussed above? I have never heard of it. What is it used for? Is it used by end-users, DBAs or the SERVER/SYSTEM itself? A: .NDF File is a secondary data file. You never heard of it because when database is created, SQL Server creates database by default with only 1 data file (.MDF) and 1 log file (.LDF) or however your model database has been setup, because a model database is a template used every time you create a new database using the CREATE DATABASE Command. Unless you have added an extra data file, you will not see it. This file is used by the SQL Server to store data which are saved by the users. Hope this information helps. I would like to as the experts to please comment if what I understand is not what the Microsoft guys meant. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Readers Contribution, Readers Question, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Customize the Five Windows Folder Templates

    - by Mark Virtue
    Are you’re particular about the way Windows Explorer presents each folder’s contents? Here we show you how to take advantage of Explorer’s built-in templates, which cuts down the time it takes to do customizations. Note: The techniques in this article apply to Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 7. When opening a folder for the first time in Windows Explorer, we are presented with a standard default view of the files and folders in that folder. It may be that the items are presented are perfectly fine, but on the other hand, we may want to customize the view.  The aspects of it that we can customize are the following: The display type (list view, details, tiles, thumbnails, etc) Which columns are displayed, and in which order The widths of the visible columns The order in which the files and folders are sorted Any file groupings Thankfully, Windows offers us a shortcut.  A particular folder’s settings can be used as a “template” for other, similar folders.  In fact, we can store up to five separate sets of folder presentation configurations.  Once we save the settings for a particular template, that template can then be applied to other folders. Customize Your First Folder We’ll start by setting up the first of our templates – the default one.  Once we create this template and apply it, the vast majority of the folders in our file system will change to match it, so it’s important that we set it up very carefully.  The first step in creating and applying the template is to customize one folder with the settings that all the rest will have. Choose a folder that is typical of the folders that you wish to have this default template.  Select it in Windows Explorer.  To ensure that it is a suitable candidate, right-click the folder name and select Properties, then go to the Customize tab.  Ensure that this folder is marked as General Items.  If it is not, either choose a different folder or select General Items from the list. Click OK.  Now we’re ready to customize our first folder. Changing the way one single folder is presented is straightforward.  We start with the folder’s display type.  Click the Change your view button in the top-right corner of every Explorer window. Each time you click the button, the folder’s view cycles to the next view type.  Alternatively you can click the little down-arrow next to the button to see all the display types at once, and select the one you want. Click the view you want, or drag the slider next to the one you want. If you have chosen Details, then the next thing you may wish to change is which columns are displayed, and the order of these.  To choose which columns are displayed, simply right-click on any column heading.  A list of the columns currently being display appears. Simply uncheck a column if you don’t want it displayed, and check the columns that you want displayed.  If you want some information displayed about your files that is not listed here, then click the More… button for a full list of file attributes. There’s a lot of them! To change the order of the columns that are currently being displayed, simply click on a column heading and drag it to where you think it should be.  To change the width of a column, click the line that represents the right-hand edge of the column and drag it left or right. To sort by a column, click once on that column.  To reverse the sort-order, click that same column again. To change the groupings of the files in the folder, right-click in a blank area of the folder, select Group by, and select the appropriate column. Apply This Default Template to All Similar Folders Once you have the folder exactly the way you want it, we now use this folder as our default template for most of the folders in our file system.  To do this, ensure that you are still in the folder you just customized, and then, from the Organize menu in Explorer, click on Folder and search options. Then select the View tab and click the Apply to Folders button. After you’ve clicked OK, visit some of the other folders in your file system.  You should see that most have taken on these new settings. What we’ve just done, in effect, is we have customized the General Items template.  This is one of five templates that Windows Explorer uses to display folder contents.  The five templates are called (in Windows 7): General Items Documents Pictures Music Videos When a folder is opened, Windows Explorer examines the contents to see if it can automatically determine which folder template to use to display the folder contents.  If it is not obvious that the folder contents falls into any of the last four templates, then Windows Explorer chooses the General Items template.  That’s why most of the folders in your file system are shown using the General Items template. Changing the Other Four Templates If you want to adjust the other four templates, the process is very similar to what we’ve just done.  If you wanted to change the “Music” template, for example, the steps would be as follows: Select a folder that contains music items Apply the existing Music template to the folder (even if it doesn’t look like you want it to) Customize the folder to your personal preferences Apply the new template to all “Music” folders A fifth step would be:  When you open a folder that contains music items but is not automatically displayed using the Music template, you manually select the Music template for that folder. First, select a folder that contains music items.  It will probably be displayed using the existing Music template: Next, ensure that it is using the Music template.  If it’s not, then manually select the Music template. Next, customize the folder to suit your personal preferences (here we’ve added a couple of columns, and sorted by Artist). Now we can set this view to be our Music template.  Choose Organize, then the View tab, and click the Apply to Folders button. Note: The only folders that will inherit these settings are the ones that are currently (or will soon be) using the Music template. Now, if you have any folder that contains music items, and you want it to inherit all of these settings, then right-click the folder name, choose Properties, and select that this folder should use the Music template.  You can also cehck the box entitled Also apply this template to all subfolders if you want to save yourself even more time with all the sub-folders. Conclusion It’s neat to be able to set up templates for your folder views like this.  It’s a shame that Microsoft didn’t take the concept just a little further and allow you to create as many templates as you want. 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