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• when was RAII added to C++

  - by Magnus

  I recently learned about the wonderful memory management technique of RAII, which seems so much cleaner than the new/delete headache I learned in school years ago (I haven't looked at much C++ during the intervening years). I'm trying to track down when this great technique was added to C++. Was it always there and I just missed the memo? What's the oldest version of the C++ standard which supports RAII?

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• Point inside Oriented Bounding Box?

  - by Milo

  I have an OBB2D class based on SAT. This is my point in OBB method: public boolean pointInside(float x, float y) { float newy = (float) (Math.sin(angle) * (y - center.y) + Math.cos(angle) * (x - center.x)); float newx = (float) (Math.cos(angle) * (x - center.x) - Math.sin(angle) * (y - center.y)); return (newy > center.y - (getHeight() / 2)) && (newy < center.y + (getHeight() / 2)) && (newx > center.x - (getWidth() / 2)) && (newx < center.x + (getWidth() / 2)); } public boolean pointInside(Vector2D v) { return pointInside(v.x,v.y); } Here is the rest of the class; the parts that pertain: public class OBB2D { private Vector2D projVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D projAVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D projBVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D tempNormal = new Vector2D(); private Vector2D deltaVec = new Vector2D(); private ArrayList<Vector2D> collisionPoints = new ArrayList<Vector2D>(); // Corners of the box, where 0 is the lower left. private Vector2D corner[] = new Vector2D[4]; private Vector2D center = new Vector2D(); private Vector2D extents = new Vector2D(); private RectF boundingRect = new RectF(); private float angle; //Two edges of the box extended away from corner[0]. private Vector2D axis[] = new Vector2D[2]; private double origin[] = new double[2]; public OBB2D(float centerx, float centery, float w, float h, float angle) { for(int i = 0; i < corner.length; ++i) { corner[i] = new Vector2D(); } for(int i = 0; i < axis.length; ++i) { axis[i] = new Vector2D(); } set(centerx,centery,w,h,angle); } public OBB2D(float left, float top, float width, float height) { for(int i = 0; i < corner.length; ++i) { corner[i] = new Vector2D(); } for(int i = 0; i < axis.length; ++i) { axis[i] = new Vector2D(); } set(left + (width / 2), top + (height / 2),width,height,0.0f); } public void set(float centerx,float centery,float w, float h,float angle) { float vxx = (float)Math.cos(angle); float vxy = (float)Math.sin(angle); float vyx = (float)-Math.sin(angle); float vyy = (float)Math.cos(angle); vxx *= w / 2; vxy *= (w / 2); vyx *= (h / 2); vyy *= (h / 2); corner[0].x = centerx - vxx - vyx; corner[0].y = centery - vxy - vyy; corner[1].x = centerx + vxx - vyx; corner[1].y = centery + vxy - vyy; corner[2].x = centerx + vxx + vyx; corner[2].y = centery + vxy + vyy; corner[3].x = centerx - vxx + vyx; corner[3].y = centery - vxy + vyy; this.center.x = centerx; this.center.y = centery; this.angle = angle; computeAxes(); extents.x = w / 2; extents.y = h / 2; computeBoundingRect(); } //Updates the axes after the corners move. Assumes the //corners actually form a rectangle. private void computeAxes() { axis[0].x = corner[1].x - corner[0].x; axis[0].y = corner[1].y - corner[0].y; axis[1].x = corner[3].x - corner[0].x; axis[1].y = corner[3].y - corner[0].y; // Make the length of each axis 1/edge length so we know any // dot product must be less than 1 to fall within the edge. for (int a = 0; a < axis.length; ++a) { float l = axis[a].length(); float ll = l * l; axis[a].x = axis[a].x / ll; axis[a].y = axis[a].y / ll; origin[a] = corner[0].dot(axis[a]); } } public void computeBoundingRect() { boundingRect.left = JMath.min(JMath.min(corner[0].x, corner[3].x), JMath.min(corner[1].x, corner[2].x)); boundingRect.top = JMath.min(JMath.min(corner[0].y, corner[1].y),JMath.min(corner[2].y, corner[3].y)); boundingRect.right = JMath.max(JMath.max(corner[1].x, corner[2].x), JMath.max(corner[0].x, corner[3].x)); boundingRect.bottom = JMath.max(JMath.max(corner[2].y, corner[3].y),JMath.max(corner[0].y, corner[1].y)); } public void set(RectF rect) { set(rect.centerX(),rect.centerY(),rect.width(),rect.height(),0.0f); } // Returns true if other overlaps one dimension of this. private boolean overlaps1Way(OBB2D other) { for (int a = 0; a < axis.length; ++a) { double t = other.corner[0].dot(axis[a]); // Find the extent of box 2 on axis a double tMin = t; double tMax = t; for (int c = 1; c < corner.length; ++c) { t = other.corner[c].dot(axis[a]); if (t < tMin) { tMin = t; } else if (t > tMax) { tMax = t; } } // We have to subtract off the origin // See if [tMin, tMax] intersects [0, 1] if ((tMin > 1 + origin[a]) || (tMax < origin[a])) { // There was no intersection along this dimension; // the boxes cannot possibly overlap. return false; } } // There was no dimension along which there is no intersection. // Therefore the boxes overlap. return true; } public void moveTo(float centerx, float centery) { float cx,cy; cx = center.x; cy = center.y; deltaVec.x = centerx - cx; deltaVec.y = centery - cy; for (int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) { corner[c].x += deltaVec.x; corner[c].y += deltaVec.y; } boundingRect.left += deltaVec.x; boundingRect.top += deltaVec.y; boundingRect.right += deltaVec.x; boundingRect.bottom += deltaVec.y; this.center.x = centerx; this.center.y = centery; computeAxes(); } // Returns true if the intersection of the boxes is non-empty. public boolean overlaps(OBB2D other) { if(right() < other.left()) { return false; } if(bottom() < other.top()) { return false; } if(left() > other.right()) { return false; } if(top() > other.bottom()) { return false; } if(other.getAngle() == 0.0f && getAngle() == 0.0f) { return true; } return overlaps1Way(other) && other.overlaps1Way(this); } public Vector2D getCenter() { return center; } public float getWidth() { return extents.x * 2; } public float getHeight() { return extents.y * 2; } public void setAngle(float angle) { set(center.x,center.y,getWidth(),getHeight(),angle); } public float getAngle() { return angle; } public void setSize(float w,float h) { set(center.x,center.y,w,h,angle); } public float left() { return boundingRect.left; } public float right() { return boundingRect.right; } public float bottom() { return boundingRect.bottom; } public float top() { return boundingRect.top; } public RectF getBoundingRect() { return boundingRect; } public boolean overlaps(float left, float top, float right, float bottom) { if(right() < left) { return false; } if(bottom() < top) { return false; } if(left() > right) { return false; } if(top() > bottom) { return false; } return true; } public static float distance(float ax, float ay,float bx, float by) { if (ax < bx) return bx - ay; else return ax - by; } public Vector2D project(float ax, float ay) { projVec.x = Float.MAX_VALUE; projVec.y = Float.MIN_VALUE; for (int i = 0; i < corner.length; ++i) { float dot = Vector2D.dot(corner[i].x,corner[i].y,ax,ay); projVec.x = JMath.min(dot, projVec.x); projVec.y = JMath.max(dot, projVec.y); } return projVec; } public Vector2D getCorner(int c) { return corner[c]; } public int getNumCorners() { return corner.length; } public boolean pointInside(float x, float y) { float newy = (float) (Math.sin(angle) * (y - center.y) + Math.cos(angle) * (x - center.x)); float newx = (float) (Math.cos(angle) * (x - center.x) - Math.sin(angle) * (y - center.y)); return (newy > center.y - (getHeight() / 2)) && (newy < center.y + (getHeight() / 2)) && (newx > center.x - (getWidth() / 2)) && (newx < center.x + (getWidth() / 2)); } public boolean pointInside(Vector2D v) { return pointInside(v.x,v.y); } public ArrayList<Vector2D> getCollsionPoints(OBB2D b) { collisionPoints.clear(); for(int i = 0; i < corner.length; ++i) { if(b.pointInside(corner[i])) { collisionPoints.add(corner[i]); } } for(int i = 0; i < b.corner.length; ++i) { if(pointInside(b.corner[i])) { collisionPoints.add(b.corner[i]); } } return collisionPoints; } }; What could be wrong? When I getCollisionPoints for 2 OBBs I know are penetrating, it returns no points. Thanks

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• Point of contact of 2 OBBs?

  - by Milo

  I'm working on the physics for my GTA2-like game so I can learn more about game physics. The collision detection and resolution are working great. I'm now just unsure how to compute the point of contact when I hit a wall. Here is my OBB class: public class OBB2D { private Vector2D projVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D projAVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D projBVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D tempNormal = new Vector2D(); private Vector2D deltaVec = new Vector2D(); // Corners of the box, where 0 is the lower left. private Vector2D corner[] = new Vector2D[4]; private Vector2D center = new Vector2D(); private Vector2D extents = new Vector2D(); private RectF boundingRect = new RectF(); private float angle; //Two edges of the box extended away from corner[0]. private Vector2D axis[] = new Vector2D[2]; private double origin[] = new double[2]; public OBB2D(float centerx, float centery, float w, float h, float angle) { for(int i = 0; i < corner.length; ++i) { corner[i] = new Vector2D(); } for(int i = 0; i < axis.length; ++i) { axis[i] = new Vector2D(); } set(centerx,centery,w,h,angle); } public OBB2D(float left, float top, float width, float height) { for(int i = 0; i < corner.length; ++i) { corner[i] = new Vector2D(); } for(int i = 0; i < axis.length; ++i) { axis[i] = new Vector2D(); } set(left + (width / 2), top + (height / 2),width,height,0.0f); } public void set(float centerx,float centery,float w, float h,float angle) { float vxx = (float)Math.cos(angle); float vxy = (float)Math.sin(angle); float vyx = (float)-Math.sin(angle); float vyy = (float)Math.cos(angle); vxx *= w / 2; vxy *= (w / 2); vyx *= (h / 2); vyy *= (h / 2); corner[0].x = centerx - vxx - vyx; corner[0].y = centery - vxy - vyy; corner[1].x = centerx + vxx - vyx; corner[1].y = centery + vxy - vyy; corner[2].x = centerx + vxx + vyx; corner[2].y = centery + vxy + vyy; corner[3].x = centerx - vxx + vyx; corner[3].y = centery - vxy + vyy; this.center.x = centerx; this.center.y = centery; this.angle = angle; computeAxes(); extents.x = w / 2; extents.y = h / 2; computeBoundingRect(); } //Updates the axes after the corners move. Assumes the //corners actually form a rectangle. private void computeAxes() { axis[0].x = corner[1].x - corner[0].x; axis[0].y = corner[1].y - corner[0].y; axis[1].x = corner[3].x - corner[0].x; axis[1].y = corner[3].y - corner[0].y; // Make the length of each axis 1/edge length so we know any // dot product must be less than 1 to fall within the edge. for (int a = 0; a < axis.length; ++a) { float l = axis[a].length(); float ll = l * l; axis[a].x = axis[a].x / ll; axis[a].y = axis[a].y / ll; origin[a] = corner[0].dot(axis[a]); } } public void computeBoundingRect() { boundingRect.left = JMath.min(JMath.min(corner[0].x, corner[3].x), JMath.min(corner[1].x, corner[2].x)); boundingRect.top = JMath.min(JMath.min(corner[0].y, corner[1].y),JMath.min(corner[2].y, corner[3].y)); boundingRect.right = JMath.max(JMath.max(corner[1].x, corner[2].x), JMath.max(corner[0].x, corner[3].x)); boundingRect.bottom = JMath.max(JMath.max(corner[2].y, corner[3].y),JMath.max(corner[0].y, corner[1].y)); } public void set(RectF rect) { set(rect.centerX(),rect.centerY(),rect.width(),rect.height(),0.0f); } // Returns true if other overlaps one dimension of this. private boolean overlaps1Way(OBB2D other) { for (int a = 0; a < axis.length; ++a) { double t = other.corner[0].dot(axis[a]); // Find the extent of box 2 on axis a double tMin = t; double tMax = t; for (int c = 1; c < corner.length; ++c) { t = other.corner[c].dot(axis[a]); if (t < tMin) { tMin = t; } else if (t > tMax) { tMax = t; } } // We have to subtract off the origin // See if [tMin, tMax] intersects [0, 1] if ((tMin > 1 + origin[a]) || (tMax < origin[a])) { // There was no intersection along this dimension; // the boxes cannot possibly overlap. return false; } } // There was no dimension along which there is no intersection. // Therefore the boxes overlap. return true; } public void moveTo(float centerx, float centery) { float cx,cy; cx = center.x; cy = center.y; deltaVec.x = centerx - cx; deltaVec.y = centery - cy; for (int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) { corner[c].x += deltaVec.x; corner[c].y += deltaVec.y; } boundingRect.left += deltaVec.x; boundingRect.top += deltaVec.y; boundingRect.right += deltaVec.x; boundingRect.bottom += deltaVec.y; this.center.x = centerx; this.center.y = centery; computeAxes(); } // Returns true if the intersection of the boxes is non-empty. public boolean overlaps(OBB2D other) { if(right() < other.left()) { return false; } if(bottom() < other.top()) { return false; } if(left() > other.right()) { return false; } if(top() > other.bottom()) { return false; } if(other.getAngle() == 0.0f && getAngle() == 0.0f) { return true; } return overlaps1Way(other) && other.overlaps1Way(this); } public Vector2D getCenter() { return center; } public float getWidth() { return extents.x * 2; } public float getHeight() { return extents.y * 2; } public void setAngle(float angle) { set(center.x,center.y,getWidth(),getHeight(),angle); } public float getAngle() { return angle; } public void setSize(float w,float h) { set(center.x,center.y,w,h,angle); } public float left() { return boundingRect.left; } public float right() { return boundingRect.right; } public float bottom() { return boundingRect.bottom; } public float top() { return boundingRect.top; } public RectF getBoundingRect() { return boundingRect; } public boolean overlaps(float left, float top, float right, float bottom) { if(right() < left) { return false; } if(bottom() < top) { return false; } if(left() > right) { return false; } if(top() > bottom) { return false; } return true; } public static float distance(float ax, float ay,float bx, float by) { if (ax < bx) return bx - ay; else return ax - by; } public Vector2D project(float ax, float ay) { projVec.x = Float.MAX_VALUE; projVec.y = Float.MIN_VALUE; for (int i = 0; i < corner.length; ++i) { float dot = Vector2D.dot(corner[i].x,corner[i].y,ax,ay); projVec.x = JMath.min(dot, projVec.x); projVec.y = JMath.max(dot, projVec.y); } return projVec; } public Vector2D getCorner(int c) { return corner[c]; } public int getNumCorners() { return corner.length; } public static float collisionResponse(OBB2D a, OBB2D b, Vector2D outNormal) { float depth = Float.MAX_VALUE; for (int i = 0; i < a.getNumCorners() + b.getNumCorners(); ++i) { Vector2D edgeA; Vector2D edgeB; if(i >= a.getNumCorners()) { edgeA = b.getCorner((i + b.getNumCorners() - 1) % b.getNumCorners()); edgeB = b.getCorner(i % b.getNumCorners()); } else { edgeA = a.getCorner((i + a.getNumCorners() - 1) % a.getNumCorners()); edgeB = a.getCorner(i % a.getNumCorners()); } tempNormal.x = edgeB.x -edgeA.x; tempNormal.y = edgeB.y - edgeA.y; tempNormal.normalize(); projAVec.equals(a.project(tempNormal.x,tempNormal.y)); projBVec.equals(b.project(tempNormal.x,tempNormal.y)); float distance = OBB2D.distance(projAVec.x, projAVec.y,projBVec.x,projBVec.y); if (distance > 0.0f) { return 0.0f; } else { float d = Math.abs(distance); if (d < depth) { depth = d; outNormal.equals(tempNormal); } } } float dx,dy; dx = b.getCenter().x - a.getCenter().x; dy = b.getCenter().y - a.getCenter().y; float dot = Vector2D.dot(dx,dy,outNormal.x,outNormal.y); if(dot > 0) { outNormal.x = -outNormal.x; outNormal.y = -outNormal.y; } return depth; } public Vector2D getMoveDeltaVec() { return deltaVec; } }; Thanks!

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• Movement and Collision with AABB

  - by Jeremy Giberson

  I'm having a little difficulty figuring out the following scenarios. http://i.stack.imgur.com/8lM6i.png In scenario A, the moving entity has fallen to (and slightly into the floor). The current position represents the projected position that will occur if I apply the acceleration & velocity as usual without worrying about collision. The Next position, represents the corrected projection position after collision check. The resulting end position is the falling entity now rests ON the floor--that is, in a consistent state of collision by sharing it's bottom X axis with the floor's top X axis. My current update loop looks like the following: // figure out forces & accelerations and project an objects next position // check collision occurrence from current position -> projected position // if a collision occurs, adjust projection position Which seems to be working for the scenario of my object falling to the floor. However, the situation becomes sticky when trying to figure out scenario's B & C. In scenario B, I'm attempt to move along the floor on the X axis (player is pressing right direction button) additionally, gravity is pulling the object into the floor. The problem is, when the object attempts to move the collision detection code is going to recognize that the object is already colliding with the floor to begin with, and auto correct any movement back to where it was before. In scenario C, I'm attempting to jump off the floor. Again, because the object is already in a constant collision with the floor, when the collision routine checks to make sure moving from current position to projected position doesn't result in a collision, it will fail because at the beginning of the motion, the object is already colliding. How do you allow movement along the edge of an object? How do you allow movement away from an object you are already colliding with. Extra Info My collision routine is based on AABB sweeping test from an old gamasutra article, http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3383/simple_intersection_tests_for_games.php?page=3 My bounding box implementation is based on top left/bottom right instead of midpoint/extents, so my min/max functions are adjusted. Otherwise, here is my bounding box class with collision routines: public class BoundingBox { public XYZ topLeft; public XYZ bottomRight; public BoundingBox(float x, float y, float z, float w, float h, float d) { topLeft = new XYZ(); bottomRight = new XYZ(); topLeft.x = x; topLeft.y = y; topLeft.z = z; bottomRight.x = x+w; bottomRight.y = y+h; bottomRight.z = z+d; } public BoundingBox(XYZ position, XYZ dimensions, boolean centered) { topLeft = new XYZ(); bottomRight = new XYZ(); topLeft.x = position.x; topLeft.y = position.y; topLeft.z = position.z; bottomRight.x = position.x + (centered ? dimensions.x/2 : dimensions.x); bottomRight.y = position.y + (centered ? dimensions.y/2 : dimensions.y); bottomRight.z = position.z + (centered ? dimensions.z/2 : dimensions.z); } /** * Check if a point lies inside a bounding box * @param box * @param point * @return */ public static boolean isPointInside(BoundingBox box, XYZ point) { if(box.topLeft.x <= point.x && point.x <= box.bottomRight.x && box.topLeft.y <= point.y && point.y <= box.bottomRight.y && box.topLeft.z <= point.z && point.z <= box.bottomRight.z) return true; return false; } /** * Check for overlap between two bounding boxes using separating axis theorem * if two boxes are separated on any axis, they cannot be overlapping * @param a * @param b * @return */ public static boolean isOverlapping(BoundingBox a, BoundingBox b) { XYZ dxyz = new XYZ(b.topLeft.x - a.topLeft.x, b.topLeft.y - a.topLeft.y, b.topLeft.z - a.topLeft.z); // if b - a is positive, a is first on the axis and we should use its extent // if b -a is negative, b is first on the axis and we should use its extent // check for x axis separation if ((dxyz.x >= 0 && a.bottomRight.x-a.topLeft.x < dxyz.x) // negative scale, reverse extent sum, flip equality ||(dxyz.x < 0 && b.topLeft.x-b.bottomRight.x > dxyz.x)) return false; // check for y axis separation if ((dxyz.y >= 0 && a.bottomRight.y-a.topLeft.y < dxyz.y) // negative scale, reverse extent sum, flip equality ||(dxyz.y < 0 && b.topLeft.y-b.bottomRight.y > dxyz.y)) return false; // check for z axis separation if ((dxyz.z >= 0 && a.bottomRight.z-a.topLeft.z < dxyz.z) // negative scale, reverse extent sum, flip equality ||(dxyz.z < 0 && b.topLeft.z-b.bottomRight.z > dxyz.z)) return false; // not separated on any axis, overlapping return true; } public static boolean isContactEdge(int xyzAxis, BoundingBox a, BoundingBox b) { switch(xyzAxis) { case XYZ.XCOORD: if(a.topLeft.x == b.bottomRight.x || a.bottomRight.x == b.topLeft.x) return true; return false; case XYZ.YCOORD: if(a.topLeft.y == b.bottomRight.y || a.bottomRight.y == b.topLeft.y) return true; return false; case XYZ.ZCOORD: if(a.topLeft.z == b.bottomRight.z || a.bottomRight.z == b.topLeft.z) return true; return false; } return false; } /** * Sweep test min extent value * @param box * @param xyzCoord * @return */ public static float min(BoundingBox box, int xyzCoord) { switch(xyzCoord) { case XYZ.XCOORD: return box.topLeft.x; case XYZ.YCOORD: return box.topLeft.y; case XYZ.ZCOORD: return box.topLeft.z; default: return 0f; } } /** * Sweep test max extent value * @param box * @param xyzCoord * @return */ public static float max(BoundingBox box, int xyzCoord) { switch(xyzCoord) { case XYZ.XCOORD: return box.bottomRight.x; case XYZ.YCOORD: return box.bottomRight.y; case XYZ.ZCOORD: return box.bottomRight.z; default: return 0f; } } /** * Test if bounding box A will overlap bounding box B at any point * when box A moves from position 0 to position 1 and box B moves from position 0 to position 1 * Note, sweep test assumes bounding boxes A and B's dimensions do not change * * @param a0 box a starting position * @param a1 box a ending position * @param b0 box b starting position * @param b1 box b ending position * @param aCollisionOut xyz of box a's position when/if a collision occurs * @param bCollisionOut xyz of box b's position when/if a collision occurs * @return */ public static boolean sweepTest(BoundingBox a0, BoundingBox a1, BoundingBox b0, BoundingBox b1, XYZ aCollisionOut, XYZ bCollisionOut) { // solve in reference to A XYZ va = new XYZ(a1.topLeft.x-a0.topLeft.x, a1.topLeft.y-a0.topLeft.y, a1.topLeft.z-a0.topLeft.z); XYZ vb = new XYZ(b1.topLeft.x-b0.topLeft.x, b1.topLeft.y-b0.topLeft.y, b1.topLeft.z-b0.topLeft.z); XYZ v = new XYZ(vb.x-va.x, vb.y-va.y, vb.z-va.z); // check for initial overlap if(BoundingBox.isOverlapping(a0, b0)) { // java pass by ref/value gotcha, have to modify value can't reassign it aCollisionOut.x = a0.topLeft.x; aCollisionOut.y = a0.topLeft.y; aCollisionOut.z = a0.topLeft.z; bCollisionOut.x = b0.topLeft.x; bCollisionOut.y = b0.topLeft.y; bCollisionOut.z = b0.topLeft.z; return true; } // overlap min/maxs XYZ u0 = new XYZ(); XYZ u1 = new XYZ(1,1,1); float t0, t1; // iterate axis and find overlaps times (x=0, y=1, z=2) for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { float aMax = max(a0, i); float aMin = min(a0, i); float bMax = max(b0, i); float bMin = min(b0, i); float vi = XYZ.getCoord(v, i); if(aMax < bMax && vi < 0) XYZ.setCoord(u0, i, (aMax-bMin)/vi); else if(bMax < aMin && vi > 0) XYZ.setCoord(u0, i, (aMin-bMax)/vi); if(bMax > aMin && vi < 0) XYZ.setCoord(u1, i, (aMin-bMax)/vi); else if(aMax > bMin && vi > 0) XYZ.setCoord(u1, i, (aMax-bMin)/vi); } // get times of collision t0 = Math.max(u0.x, Math.max(u0.y, u0.z)); t1 = Math.min(u1.x, Math.min(u1.y, u1.z)); // collision only occurs if t0 < t1 if(t0 <= t1 && t0 != 0) // not t0 because we already tested it! { // t0 is the normalized time of the collision // then the position of the bounding boxes would // be their original position + velocity*time aCollisionOut.x = a0.topLeft.x + va.x*t0; aCollisionOut.y = a0.topLeft.y + va.y*t0; aCollisionOut.z = a0.topLeft.z + va.z*t0; bCollisionOut.x = b0.topLeft.x + vb.x*t0; bCollisionOut.y = b0.topLeft.y + vb.y*t0; bCollisionOut.z = b0.topLeft.z + vb.z*t0; return true; } else return false; } }

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• MySQL Memory usage

  - by Rob Stevenson-Leggett

  Our MySQL server seems to be using a lot of memory. I've tried looking for slow queries and queries with no index and have halved the peak CPU usage and Apache memory usage but the MySQL memory stays constantly at 2.2GB (~51% of available memory on the server). Here's the graph from Plesk. Running top in the SSH window shows the same figures. Does anyone have any ideas on why the memory usage is constant like this and not peaks and troughs with usage of the app? Here's the output of the MySQL Tuning Primer script: -- MYSQL PERFORMANCE TUNING PRIMER -- - By: Matthew Montgomery - MySQL Version 5.0.77-log x86_64 Uptime = 1 days 14 hrs 4 min 21 sec Avg. qps = 22 Total Questions = 3059456 Threads Connected = 13 Warning: Server has not been running for at least 48hrs. It may not be safe to use these recommendations To find out more information on how each of these runtime variables effects performance visit: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/server-system-variables.html Visit http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html for info about MySQL's Enterprise Monitoring and Advisory Service SLOW QUERIES The slow query log is enabled. Current long_query_time = 1 sec. You have 6 out of 3059477 that take longer than 1 sec. to complete Your long_query_time seems to be fine BINARY UPDATE LOG The binary update log is NOT enabled. You will not be able to do point in time recovery See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/point-in-time-recovery.html WORKER THREADS Current thread_cache_size = 0 Current threads_cached = 0 Current threads_per_sec = 2 Historic threads_per_sec = 0 Threads created per/sec are overrunning threads cached You should raise thread_cache_size MAX CONNECTIONS Current max_connections = 100 Current threads_connected = 14 Historic max_used_connections = 20 The number of used connections is 20% of the configured maximum. Your max_connections variable seems to be fine. INNODB STATUS Current InnoDB index space = 6 M Current InnoDB data space = 18 M Current InnoDB buffer pool free = 0 % Current innodb_buffer_pool_size = 8 M Depending on how much space your innodb indexes take up it may be safe to increase this value to up to 2 / 3 of total system memory MEMORY USAGE Max Memory Ever Allocated : 2.07 G Configured Max Per-thread Buffers : 274 M Configured Max Global Buffers : 2.01 G Configured Max Memory Limit : 2.28 G Physical Memory : 3.84 G Max memory limit seem to be within acceptable norms KEY BUFFER Current MyISAM index space = 4 M Current key_buffer_size = 7 M Key cache miss rate is 1 : 40 Key buffer free ratio = 81 % Your key_buffer_size seems to be fine QUERY CACHE Query cache is supported but not enabled Perhaps you should set the query_cache_size SORT OPERATIONS Current sort_buffer_size = 2 M Current read_rnd_buffer_size = 256 K Sort buffer seems to be fine JOINS Current join_buffer_size = 132.00 K You have had 16 queries where a join could not use an index properly You should enable "log-queries-not-using-indexes" Then look for non indexed joins in the slow query log. If you are unable to optimize your queries you may want to increase your join_buffer_size to accommodate larger joins in one pass. Note! This script will still suggest raising the join_buffer_size when ANY joins not using indexes are found. OPEN FILES LIMIT Current open_files_limit = 1024 files The open_files_limit should typically be set to at least 2x-3x that of table_cache if you have heavy MyISAM usage. Your open_files_limit value seems to be fine TABLE CACHE Current table_cache value = 64 tables You have a total of 426 tables You have 64 open tables. Current table_cache hit rate is 1% , while 100% of your table cache is in use You should probably increase your table_cache TEMP TABLES Current max_heap_table_size = 16 M Current tmp_table_size = 32 M Of 15134 temp tables, 9% were created on disk Effective in-memory tmp_table_size is limited to max_heap_table_size. Created disk tmp tables ratio seems fine TABLE SCANS Current read_buffer_size = 128 K Current table scan ratio = 2915 : 1 read_buffer_size seems to be fine TABLE LOCKING Current Lock Wait ratio = 1 : 142213 Your table locking seems to be fine The app is a facebook game with about 50-100 concurrent users. Thanks, Rob

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• CPU Utilization LAMP stack

  - by Max

  We've got an ec2 m2.4xlarge running Magento (centos 5.6, httpd 2.2, php 5.2.17 with eaccelerator 0.9.5.3, mysql 5.1.52). Right now we're getting a large traffic spike, and our top looks like this: top - 09:41:29 up 31 days, 1:12, 1 user, load average: 120.01, 129.03, 113.23 Tasks: 1190 total, 18 running, 1172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 97.3%us, 1.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.4%st Mem: 71687720k total, 36898928k used, 34788792k free, 49692k buffers Swap: 880737784k total, 0k used, 880737784k free, 1586524k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2433 mysql 15 0 23.6g 4.5g 7112 S 564.7 6.6 33607:34 mysqld 24046 apache 16 0 411m 65m 28m S 26.4 0.1 0:09.05 httpd 24360 apache 15 0 410m 60m 25m S 26.4 0.1 0:03.65 httpd 24993 apache 16 0 410m 57m 21m S 26.1 0.1 0:01.41 httpd 24838 apache 16 0 428m 74m 20m S 24.8 0.1 0:02.37 httpd 24359 apache 16 0 411m 62m 26m R 22.3 0.1 0:08.12 httpd 23850 apache 15 0 411m 64m 27m S 16.8 0.1 0:14.54 httpd 25229 apache 16 0 404m 46m 17m R 10.2 0.1 0:00.71 httpd 14594 apache 15 0 404m 63m 34m S 8.4 0.1 1:10.26 httpd 24955 apache 16 0 404m 50m 21m R 8.4 0.1 0:01.66 httpd 24313 apache 16 0 399m 46m 22m R 8.1 0.1 0:02.30 httpd 25119 apache 16 0 411m 59m 23m S 6.8 0.1 0:01.45 httpd Questions: Would giving msyqld more memory help it cache queries and react faster? If so, how? Other than splitting mysql and php to separate servers (which we're about to do) is there anything else we could/should be doing? Thanks! UPDATE: Here's our my.cnf along with the output of mysqltuner. It looks like a cache problem. Thanks again! # cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port = **** socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] datadir=/mnt/persistent/mysql port=**** socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock key_buffer = 512M max_allowed_packet = 64M table_cache = 1024 sort_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 4M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 128M tmp_table_size = 128M join_buffer_size = 1M query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_size= 64M query_cache_type = 1 max_connections = 1000 thread_stack = 128K thread_concurrency = 48 log-bin=mysql-bin server-id = 1 wait_timeout = 300 innodb_data_home_dir = /mnt/persistent/mysql/ innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size = 20G innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M innodb_log_file_size = 64M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 innodb_thread_concurrency = 48 ft_min_word_len=3 [myisamchk] ft_min_word_len=3 key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M # ./mysqltuner.pl >> MySQLTuner 1.2.0 - Major Hayden <[email protected]> >> Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/ >> Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.52-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: +Archive -BDB +Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 2G (Tables: 26) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 749M (Tables: 250) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 262 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 31d 2h 30m 38s (680M q [253.371 qps], 2M conn, TX: 4825B, RX: 236B) [--] Reads / Writes: 89% / 11% [--] Total buffers: 20.6G global + 15.1M per thread (1000 max threads) [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 35.4G (51% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (35K/680M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 53% (537/1000) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 512.0M/457.2M [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (9B cached / 264K reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 42.3% (260M cached / 615M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 4384652 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (1K temp sorts / 38M sorts) [!!] Joins performed without indexes: 100404 [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 17% (7M on disk / 45M total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (537 created / 2M connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 0% (1K open / 946K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 9% (453/5K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (758M immediate / 758M locks) [OK] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 749.3M/20.0G -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: query_cache_size (> 64M) join_buffer_size (> 1.0M, or always use indexes with joins) table_cache (> 1024)

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• Rails: savage_beast forum plugin and tinymce - new post works but edit doesn't use tinymce properly

  - by Max Williams

  Hi all. I'm using the savage_beast forum plugin and tinymce (via the tinymce_hammer plugin) in my rails app. When posting a new post, tinymce works fine. However, when i go to edit a post i get the tinymce editor, but the content in the edit box has all been converted into html. Can anyone tell me how i get it so that what appears in the tinymce edit box is the original text i posted, rather than the converted-to-html version? Does it need to get converted back from html into a format tinymce will use? Savage_beast saves the original given text in a body field, and the converted-to-html text in a body_html field. After tinymce does its work in the first instance (ie when posting a new post) the body field gets text that's already been converted to html. So i guess i need to convert it back to whatever tinymce expects? I'd expect tinymce to be happy with getting html, and to just handle it, though. grateful for any advice - max

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• Nhibernate many to many criteria query with subselect

  - by Max

  I have a simple example of a blog: a Post table, a Tag table and a Post_Tag_MM lookup table linking the two tables. I use this hql query in order to fetch all posts, that DONT have some tags: var result = session .CreateQuery(@" select p from Post p join p.Tags t where (select count(ti) from p.Tags ti where ti.Uid in (:uidList)) = 0 ") .SetParameterList("uidList", uidList) .SetResultTransformer(new DistinctRootEntityResultTransformer()) .List<Post>(); How can this many-to-many query and the subselect translated into a criteria query? I dont quite understand the DetachedCriteria API yet and could not get it to return the right resultset. Thank you very much in advance. Regards, Max

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• SQL: Gather right hand values from a join

  - by Max Williams

  Let's say a question has many tags, via a join table called taggings. I do a join thus: SELECT DISTINCT `questions`.id FROM `questions` LEFT OUTER JOIN `taggings` ON `taggings`.taggable_id = `questions`.id LEFT OUTER JOIN `tags` ON `tags`.id = `taggings`.tag_id I want to order the results according to a particular tag name, eg 'piano', so that piano is at the top, then by all the other tags in alphabetical order. Currently i'm using this order clause: ORDER BY (tags.name = 'piano') desc, tags.name Which is going completely wrong - the first results i get back aren't even tagged with 'piano' at all. I think my problem is that i need to group the tag names somehow and do my ordering test against that: i think that doing it against the straight tags.name isn't working due to the structure of the resultant join table (it does work if i just do a simple select on the tags table) but i can't get my head around how to fix it. grateful for any advice, max

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• Bind multiple request parameters to one object in Spring 3

  - by Max

  Hi, I can't figure out a way to bind several arguments and headers to one request parameter using annotations in Spring 3. For example, let's say I'm getting this request: Headers: Content-type: text/plain; POST Body: Name: Max Now I want it all to mysteriously bind to this object: class NameInfo { String name; } Using some code like this: String getName() { if ("text/plain".equals(headers.get("content-type"))) { return body.get("name"); } else if ("xml".equals(headers.get("content-type")) { return parseXml(body).get("name"); } else ... } So that in the end I would be able to use: @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST) void processName(@RequestAttribute NameInfo name) { ... } Is there a way to achieve something similar to what I need? Thanks in advance.

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• Tutorials/Books on using Mono to develop RESTful webservices?

  - by max

  Hi, anyone out there got any pointers to good links/tutorials/books on developing webservices with Mono? In more detail, I am interested in using Mono from project start on a Linux host developing in C# using Visual Studio for development, ideally with remote debugging if that is realistic developing web-services in MONO accessible in a RESTful manner, returning JSON hiding the services processes behind an Apache access the services either via javascript/AJAX or from a thin script layer written in PHP scalability is important for me unit-testing of webservices Any recommendations for material I could sift through to get a good head-start? I might add that I'm C#/.NET savvy, but not in the context of web development. I've been using it since it came out, but mainly for internal server-client applications where the clients were Windows desktop apps and the communication layer was remoting or, sometimes, more low-level socket-based. Thanks, max

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• Test if current page is inside a shadowbox? (so i can close the shadowbox and reopen that page in t

  - by Max Williams

  Hi all I have a couple of pages in my site which open in a shadowbox window rather than the main window. My problem is that if the user session expires, then the user clicks on one of the links that open in a shadowbox, they are redirected to the login page INSIDE THE SHADOWBOX, which i don't want. I've been trying to think of the best way to handle this - one way i thought of, which seems a bit clumsy tbh, was on the login page to test if we're in a shadowbox, and if we are then close it and redirect the parent window to the login page. a) does this seem like a sensible plan? I added the following to my login page, which works: $(document).ready(function(){ if(window.parent.location != window.location){ window.parent.location.href = window.location; } } but i have to wait for the shadowbox to finish loading the page and then redirect. So it's working but like i say a bit clumsy. Is there a nicer way? grateful for any advice - max

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• Bash PS1 settings - how to get the current folder back as the terminal title

  - by Max Williams

  Hi all. I recently added these lines to my ~/.bashrc file to show the current branch if i'm in a git working folder, and it works nicely for that. However, what i've lost is that the current folder name used to be shown in the tab for the terminal i have open, and now it isn't: it always just says 'Terminal'. Can i get that back and still keep the git stuff? Here's the lines in question - it's the second one that's the issue, as commenting out just the second line fixes the problem. source /etc/bash_completion.d/git PS1='\h:\w$(__git_ps1 "\[\e[32m\][%s]\[\e[0m\]")$ ' I've been looking at explanations of the options for PS1 but can't see anything about the terminal window's title in there. Can anyone advise? thanks, max

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• Android Database

  - by Max

  I'm trying to build a simple app to get to grips with android as I'm new. I have programmed for years in PHP and MySQL so it's not completely unfamiliar to me, but one concept is at the moment confusing to me. If I wanted to create this app with 100's of questions how would I create the database like this. What I mean is at the moment my app runs and creates the database. Would I need to do this everytime the app runs as i'm guessing if it was a lot bigger it would mean a slow load evert time. Or is there a way to create the database once and then when the app runs there is no need to populate it. Max

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• UNIX FIFO: How to allow only one writer/reader pair to use a FIFO?

  - by Max Krug

  Hi! I've written two programs: the first, the "writer", creates a FIFO and writes data into it. The second one, the "reader" runs in background and looks for data in the FIFO. Once data is there, the reader reads it out. If I start e.g. two writers and two readers, they all can write/read into/from the same FIFO. How can I restrict it for 3rd and 4th readers/writers to use the FIFO and allow only one writer and one reader to use the FIFO? thanks a lot. -- kind regards, Max Krug

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• make mongrel_rails (localhost:3000) visible to a virtual machine

  - by Max Williams

  I develop rails in ubuntu and i just set up a virtualbox windows xp virtual machine for IE testing. I'd like to be able to run mongrel_rails in ubuntu and then jump into the vm to check it out, so i can jump back, make a change, jump into the vm again, reload the page and test it, etc. Is this possible? In this sort of situation in the past i've had to set up an apache server on my dev machine and run mongrel under that, in order to get an externally visible (ie visible to my local network) ip address that i then paste into the address bar of IE in the vm. Is this really necessary? Is there a simpler way? Can i do something with my /etc/hosts or sites-available files to just make up some arbitrary network address which points to localhost:3000 in ubuntu? Or something? thanks, max

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• No exit option if something is running

  - by max

  How can I catch something going on if the user chooses the exit option from a menu? I mean I'd like to be able to manage the event of a user who is going to close the application but some activity is being performed so he/she shouldn't be able to exit. Here's the code I wrote. In a nutshell : recording is being performed -- user clicks exit -- WARNING "Process is running you can't do it"(The process goes on) nothing is running -- user clicks exit -- application closes Is it possible to solve the problem by just adding a few lines of code without having to rewrite the entire program? thanks very much in advance. MAX exitAction = new AbstractAction("Exit") { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }; exitAction.putValue(Action.NAME, "Exit"); // description exitAction.putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Exit application");

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• isAlive problem..Help to understand how it works

  - by max

  I get this error: "non-static method isAlive() cannot be referenced from a static context" what's wrong with this code..please. I'd like to detect if the thread is alive... Any help in terms of code will be highly appreciated..thanks max class RecThread extends Thread { public void run() { recFile = new File("recorded_track.wav"); // Output file type AudioFileFormat.Type fileType = null; fileType = AudioFileFormat.Type.WAVE; // if rcOn =1 thread is alive int rcOn; try { // starts recording targetDataLine.open(audioFormat); targetDataLine.start(); AudioSystem.write(new AudioInputStream(targetDataLine), fileType, recFile); if (RecThread.isAlive() == true) { rcOn =1; } else { rcOn =0; } } catch (Exception e) { showException(e); } // update actions recAction.setEnabled(true); stopRecAction.setEnabled(false); } }

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• Git is deleting an ignored file when i switch branches

  - by Max Williams

  I have one branch (let's call it B) that ignores a certain file, which isn't ignored in some other branches (eg branch A). When i switch from branch B to branch A, then back to B again, the file has been deleted. Is this normal? I can sort of see how it would happen, in the sense that branch B thinks it's not there, and branch A thinks that it is, so when i go back to B it 'tidies it away'. But it's kind of annoying. Any suggestions? thanks, max

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• Can't get DHCPd to assign IPs to unknown clients

  - by Jakobud

  I'm using Webmin to admin our DHCPd server. But I'm having a hard time getting it to assign IP addresses to unknown clients. The only way I can get it to assign an IP is to make sure a host is added to DHCPd as a host so that it gets a static-lease IP assigned to it. I thought "Allow Unknown Clients" was the key, but it still isn't assigning IPs to unknown clients. I have a pool setup so that the unknown clients should get an IP between 10.20.0.200 - 10.20.0.249. Here is the config file. What am I missing here? allow unknown-clients; # Primary DHCP server config authoritative; ddns-update-style none; failover peer "dhcp-failover" { primary; address 10.20.0.30; port 647; peer address 10.20.0.25; peer port 647; max-response-delay 60; max-unacked-updates 10; load balance max seconds 3; mclt 3600; split 128; } subnet 10.20.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { allow unknown-clients; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 10.20.0.255; option routers 10.20.0.100; option domain-name "ourdomain.com"; option domain-name-servers 192.168.10.20; default-lease-time 86400; max-lease-time 86400; option ntp-servers 192.168.10.20; option time-offset -25200; pool { allow unknown-clients; failover peer "dhcp-failover"; max-lease-time 86400; range 10.20.0.200 10.20.0.249; deny dynamic bootp clients; } host Server-myserver { option host-name "whatever.ourdomain.com"; hardware ethernet 00:89:D4:35:4F:13; fixed-address 10.20.0.23; } }

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• What is the length of Java log4j's log message's max length? How to print it in a single line?

  - by Sakthivel

  In log4j default logging configuration, each line of log message which is printed in server log has maximum length comes around 8221 characters. If it exceeds this length, it is printed in multiple lines. But I want to print it in a single line, though whatever the length of each log message has.

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• Limiting DOPs &ndash; Who rules over whom?

  - by jean-pierre.dijcks

  I've gotten a couple of questions from Dan Morgan and figured I start to answer them in this way. While Dan is running on a big system he is running with Database Resource Manager and he is trying to make sure the system doesn't go crazy (remember end user are never, ever crazy!) on very high DOPs. Q: How do I control statements with very high DOPs driven from user hints in queries? A: The best way to do this is to work with DBRM and impose limits on consumer groups. The Max DOP setting you can set in DBRM allows you to overwrite the hint. Now let's go into some more detail here. Assume my object (and for simplicity we assume there is a single object - and do remember that we always pick the highest DOP when in doubt and when conflicting DOPs are available in a query) has PARALLEL 64 as its setting. Assume that the query that selects something cool from that table lives in a consumer group with a max DOP of 32. Assume no goofy things (like running out of parallel_max_servers) are happening. A query selecting from this table will run at DOP 32 because DBRM caps the DOP. As of 11.2.0.1 we also use the DBRM cap to create the original plan (at compile time) and not just enforce the cap at runtime. Now, my user is smart and writes a query with a parallel hint requesting DOP 128. This query is still capped by DBRM and DBRM overrules the hint in the statement. The statement, despite the hint, runs at DOP 32. Note that in the hinted scenario we do compile the statement with DOP 128 (the optimizer obeys the hint). This is another reason to use table decoration rather than hints. Q: What happens if I set parallel_max_servers higher than processes (e.g. the max number of processes allowed to run on my machine)? A: Processes rules. It is important to understand that processes are fixed at startup time. If you increase parallel_max_servers above the number of processes in the processes parameter you should get a warning in the alert log stating it can not take effect. As a follow up, a hinted query requesting more parallel processes than either parallel_max_servers or processes will not be able to acquire the requested number. Parallel_max_processes will prevent this. And since parallel_max_servers should be lower than max processes you can never go over either...

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• Google I/O 2011: Fireside Chat with the App Engine Team

  Google I/O 2011: Fireside Chat with the App Engine Team Max Ross, Max is a Software Engineer on the App Engine team where he leads the development of the datastore & occasionally tinkers with the Java runtime. He is also the founder of the Hibernate Shards project. Alon Levi, Sean Lynch, Greg Dalesandre, Guido van Rossum, Brett Slatkin, Peter Magnusson, Mickey Kataria, Peter McKenzie Fireside chat with the App Engine team From: GoogleDevelopers Views: 2045 5 ratings Time: 01:01:25 More in Entertainment

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• Alert visualization recipe: Get out your blender, drop in some sp_send_dbmail, Google Charts API, add your favorite colors and sprinkle with html. Blend till it’s smooth and looks pretty enough to taste.

  - by Maria Zakourdaev

    I really like database monitoring. My email inbox have a constant flow of different types of alerts coming from our production servers with all kinds of information, sometimes more useful and sometimes less useful. Usually database alerts look really simple, it’s usually a plain text email saying “Prod1 Database data file on Server X is 80% used. You’d better grow it manually before some query triggers the AutoGrowth process”. Imagine you could have received email like the one below.  In addition to the alert description it could have also included the the database file growth chart over the past 6 months. Wouldn’t it give you much more information whether the data growth is natural or extreme? That’s truly what data visualization is for. Believe it or not, I have sent the graph below from SQL Server stored procedure without buying any additional data monitoring/visualization tool.   Would you like to visualize your database alerts like I do? Then like myself, you’d love the Google Charts. All you need to know is a little HTML and have a mail profile configured on your SQL Server instance regardless of the SQL Server version. First of all, I hope you know that the sp_send_dbmail procedure has a great parameter @body_format = ‘HTML’, which allows us to send rich and colorful messages instead of boring black and white ones. All that we need is to dynamically create HTML code. This is how, for instance, you can create a table and populate it with some data: DECLARE @html varchar(max) SET @html = '<html>' + '<H3><font id="Text" style='color: Green;'>Top Databases: </H3>' + '<table border="1" bordercolor="#3300FF" style='background-color:#DDF8CC' width='70%' cellpadding='3' cellspacing='3'>' + '<tr><font color="Green"><th>Database Name</th><th>Size</th><th>Physical Name</th></tr>' + CAST( (SELECT TOP 10                             td = name,'',                             td = size * 8/1024 ,'',                             td = physical_name              FROM sys.master_files               ORDER BY size DESC             FOR XML PATH ('tr'),TYPE ) AS VARCHAR(MAX)) + '</table>' EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail @recipients = '[email protected]', @subject ='Top databases', @body = @html, @body_format = 'HTML' This is the result:   If you want to add more visualization effects, you can use Google Charts Tools https://google-developers.appspot.com/chart/interactive/docs/index which is a free and rich library of data visualization charts, they’re also easy to populate and embed. There are two versions of the Google Charts Image based charts: https://google-developers.appspot.com/chart/image/docs/gallery/chart_gall This is an old version, it’s officially deprecated although it will be up for a next few years or so. I really enjoy using this one because it can be viewed within the email body. For mobile devices you need to change the “Load remote images” property in your email application configuration.           Charts based on JavaScript classes: https://google-developers.appspot.com/chart/interactive/docs/gallery This API is newer, with rich and highly interactive charts, and it’s much more easier to understand and configure. The only downside of it is that they cannot be viewed within the email body. Outlook, Gmail and many other email clients, as part of their security policy, do not run any JavaScript that’s placed within the email body. However, you can still enjoy this API by sending the report as an email attachment. Here is an example of the old version of Google Charts API, sending the same top databases report as in the previous example but instead of a simple table, this script is using a pie chart right from  the T-SQL code DECLARE @html  varchar(8000) DECLARE @Series  varchar(800),@Labels  varchar(8000),@Legend  varchar(8000);     SET @Series = ''; SET @Labels = ''; SET @Legend = ''; SELECT TOP 5 @Series = @Series + CAST(size * 8/1024 as varchar) + ',',                         @Labels = @Labels +CAST(size * 8/1024 as varchar) + 'MB'+'|',                         @Legend = @Legend + name + '|' FROM sys.master_files ORDER BY size DESC SELECT @Series = SUBSTRING(@Series,1,LEN(@Series)-1),         @Labels = SUBSTRING(@Labels,1,LEN(@Labels)-1),         @Legend = SUBSTRING(@Legend,1,LEN(@Legend)-1) SET @html =   '<H3><font color="Green"> '+@@ServerName+' top 5 databases : </H3>'+    '<br>'+    '<img src="http://chart.apis.google.com/chart?'+    'chf=bg,s,DDF8CC&'+    'cht=p&'+    'chs=400x200&'+    'chco=3072F3|7777CC|FF9900|FF0000|4A8C26&'+    'chd=t:'+@Series+'&'+    'chl='+@Labels+'&'+    'chma=0,0,0,0&'+    'chdl='+@Legend+'&'+    'chdlp=b"'+    'alt="'+@@ServerName+' top 5 databases" />'              EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail @recipients = '[email protected]',                             @subject = 'Top databases',                             @body = @html,                             @body_format = 'HTML' This is what you get. Isn’t it great? Chart parameters reference: chf     Gradient fill  bg - backgroud ; s- solid cht     chart type  ( p - pie) chs        chart size width/height chco    series colors chd        chart data string        1,2,3,2 chl        pir chart labels        a|b|c|d chma    chart margins chdl    chart legend            a|b|c|d chdlp    chart legend text        b - bottom of chart   Line graph implementation is also really easy and powerful DECLARE @html varchar(max) DECLARE @Series varchar(max) DECLARE @HourList varchar(max) SET @Series = ''; SET @HourList = ''; SELECT @HourList = @HourList + SUBSTRING(CONVERT(varchar(13),last_execution_time,121), 12,2)  + '|' ,              @Series = @Series + CAST( COUNT(1) as varchar) + ',' FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats s     CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(plan_handle) t WHERE last_execution_time > = getdate()-1 GROUP BY CONVERT(varchar(13),last_execution_time,121) ORDER BY CONVERT(varchar(13),last_execution_time,121) SET @Series = SUBSTRING(@Series,1,LEN(@Series)-1) SET @html = '<img src="http://chart.apis.google.com/chart?'+ 'chco=CA3D05,87CEEB&'+ 'chd=t:'+@Series+'&'+ 'chds=1,350&'+ 'chdl= Proc executions from cache&'+ 'chf=bg,s,1F1D1D|c,lg,0,363433,1.0,2E2B2A,0.0&'+ 'chg=25.0,25.0,3,2&'+ 'chls=3|3&'+ 'chm=d,CA3D05,0,-1,12,0|d,FFFFFF,0,-1,8,0|d,87CEEB,1,-1,12,0|d,FFFFFF,1,-1,8,0&'+ 'chs=600x450&'+ 'cht=lc&'+ 'chts=FFFFFF,14&'+ 'chtt=Executions for from' +(SELECT CONVERT(varchar(16),min(last_execution_time),121)          FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats          WHERE last_execution_time > = getdate()-1) +' till '+ +(SELECT CONVERT(varchar(16),max(last_execution_time),121)     FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats) + '&'+ 'chxp=1,50.0|4,50.0&'+ 'chxs=0,FFFFFF,12,0|1,FFFFFF,12,0|2,FFFFFF,12,0|3,FFFFFF,12,0|4,FFFFFF,14,0&'+ 'chxt=y,y,x,x,x&'+ 'chxl=0:|1|350|1:|N|2:|'+@HourList+'3:|Hour&'+ 'chma=55,120,0,0" alt="" />' EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail @recipients = '[email protected]', @subject ='Daily number of executions', @body = @html, @body_format = 'HTML' Chart parameters reference: chco    series colors chd        series data chds    scale format chdl    chart legend chf        background fills chg        grid line chls    line style chm        line fill chs        chart size cht        chart type chts    chart style chtt    chart title chxp    axis label positions chxs    axis label styles chxt    axis tick mark styles chxl    axis labels chma    chart margins If you don’t mind to get your charts as an email attachment, you can enjoy the Java based Google Charts which are even easier to configure, and have much more advanced graphics. In the example below, the sp_send_email procedure uses the parameter @query which will be executed at the time that sp_send_dbemail is executed and the HTML result of this execution will be attached to the email. DECLARE @html varchar(max),@query varchar(max) DECLARE @SeriesDBusers  varchar(800);     SET @SeriesDBusers = ''; SELECT @SeriesDBusers = @SeriesDBusers +  ' ["'+DB_NAME(r.database_id) +'", ' +cast(count(1) as varchar)+'],' FROM sys.dm_exec_requests r GROUP BY DB_NAME(database_id) ORDER BY count(1) desc; SET @SeriesDBusers = SUBSTRING(@SeriesDBusers,1,LEN(@SeriesDBusers)-1) SET @query = ' PRINT '' <html>   <head>     <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/jsapi"></script>     <script type="text/javascript">       google.load("visualization", "1", {packages:["corechart"]});        google.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);       function drawChart() {                      var data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([                        ["Database Name", "Active users"],                        '+@SeriesDBusers+'                      ]);                        var options = {                        title: "Active users",                        pieSliceText: "value"                      };                        var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById("chart_div"));                      chart.draw(data, options);       };     </script>   </head>   <body>     <table>     <tr><td>         <div id="chart_div" style='width: 800px; height: 300px;'></div>         </td></tr>     </table>   </body> </html> ''' EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail    @recipients = '[email protected]',    @subject ='Active users',    @body = @html,    @body_format = 'HTML',    @query = @Query,     @attach_query_result_as_file = 1,     @query_attachment_filename = 'Results.htm' After opening the email attachment in the browser you are getting this kind of report: In fact, the above is not only for database alerts. It can be used for applicative reports if you need high levels of customization that you cannot achieve using standard methods like SSRS. If you need more information on how to customize the charts, you can try the following: Image Based Charts wizard https://google-developers.appspot.com/chart/image/docs/chart_wizard  Live Image Charts Playground https://google-developers.appspot.com/chart/image/docs/chart_playground Image Based Charts Parameters List https://google-developers.appspot.com/chart/image/docs/chart_params Java Script Charts Playground https://code.google.com/apis/ajax/playground/?type=visualization Use the above examples as a starting point for your procedures and I’d be more than happy to hear of your implementations of the above techniques. Yours, Maria

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• Type of Blobs

  - by kaleidoscope

  With the release of Windows Azure November 2009 CTP, now we have two types of blobs. Block Blob - This blob type is in place since PDC 2008 and is optimized for streaming workloads. [Max Size allowed : 200GB] Page Blob - With November 2009 CTP release, a new blob type is added which is optimized for random read / writes called Page Blob. [Max Size allowed : 1TB] More details can be found at: http://geekswithblogs.net/IUnknown/archive/2009/11/16/azure-november-ctp-announced.aspx Amit, S

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