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• Windows RRAS multi-network routing

  - by Brent Pabst

  I am looking for advice, comments and suggestions from anyone who has used Windows RRAS (2008 R2 Pref.) as the primary routers for our multiple offices. We have multiple physical office locations and are looking into utilizing Windows Server 2008 R2 Core as redundant Active/Active routers/gateways for our network as opposed to a physical router from Cisco or Juniper, it costs a lot less! Any problems, issues or documentation anyone would recommend? We will still most likely have a firewall on the edge but the majority of our traffic will be inter-office with some external services. We will be using multiple Class B networks across our two offices.

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• Nagios remote monitoring: NRPE Vs. SSH

  - by sam

  We use Nagios to monitor quite a few (~130) servers. We monitor CPU, Disk, RAM and a few other things on each server. I've always used SSH to run the remote commands, purely because it requires little to no additional config on the remote server, just install nagios-plugins, create the nagios user and add the SSH key, all of which I've automated into a shell script. I've never actually considered the performance implications of using SSH over NRPE. I'm not too bothered about the load hit on the Nagios server (It's probably over-speced for what it does, it's never been over 10% CPU), but we run each remote check every 30 seconds and each server has 5 different checks performed. I assume SSH requires more resources for each check but is there a huge difference? (I.E. enough of a difference to warrant the switch to NRPE). If it's any help, we monitor a mix of physical servers (Normally with 8, 12 or 16 physical cores) and Amazon EC2 medium/large instances.

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• How to remove bad disk from LVM2 with the less data loss on other PVs?

  - by Walkman

  I had a LVM2 volume with two disks. The larger disk became corrupt, so I cant pvmove. What is the best way to remove it from the group to save the most data from the other disk? Here is my pvdisplay output: Couldn't find device with uuid WWeM0m-MLX2-o0da-tf7q-fJJu-eiGl-e7UmM3. --- Physical volume --- PV Name unknown device VG Name media PV Size 1,82 TiB / not usable 1,05 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4,00 MiB Total PE 476932 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 476932 PV UUID WWeM0m-MLX2-o0da-tf7q-fJJu-eiGl-e7UmM3 --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb1 VG Name media PV Size 931,51 GiB / not usable 3,19 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4,00 MiB Total PE 238466 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 238466 PV UUID oUhOcR-uYjc-rNTv-LNBm-Z9VY-TJJ5-SYezce So I want to remove the unknown device (not present in the system). Is it possible to do this without a new disk ? The filesystem is ext4.

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• How to Virtualize an OEM windows install.

  - by jumentous

  I've bought a new computer and like always it comes with windows 7 pre-installed. I'm a linux user by default but i still keep a virtual windows installation around. Is it possible to install my linux distribution, and use the OEM license that came with the computer to create the virtual instance? I have no intention of moving the license off the physical machine so i'm sure i could argue that i'm not violating the license but i don't expect that this would work and activate without great legal battles. So in the event that this doesn't work what other options do i have? Can i shrink the physical partition and have Qemu boot it? My thoughts are that windows would detect the change in hardware and fail. What can i do with this windows install as a linux user?

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• How is the 137GB limit counted in Virtual PC (two systems on one disk)?

  - by Nux

  I have a dual boot (Win7, XP) physical machine on my old computer which I want to virtualize and move to my new one. So I've uninstalled everything that I can and run shrink from RescueCD (used GParted). Now I have two about 80GiB partitions with a gap between them, so still this seem to be above the given limit. Still the resulting VHD (made with Disk2vhd) is much below the limit (about 110GiB) and both partitions are below the limit. So my question is - is it failing due to the limitations of disk size for VPC or is failing simply because it's a dual boot system. Or maybe it would work if I would move partitions to be close to each other (the gap between them is about 171GB and the whole physical disk is 1TB)?

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• Hyper-V stuck restoring VM

  - by Blax

  I have a hyper-v server that runs 5 virtual machines. I believe the physical box rebooted last night which is usually not a problem but this morning one of the virual machines is stuck at "restoring 0%". I have rebooted the physical machine and same thing, 4 virtual machines come up fine the 5th gets stuck at "restoring 0%". I right-clicked the VM in hyper-v manager and selected "Cancel restore" and nothing happens. I was able to copy the VHD to another hyper-v box and light it up there so I know the VHD is good. Any ideas on what to look at next? If I can I would like to just dump the saved state and move on, or if there is a better way to handle it I'm all ears. TIA!!

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• Server 2012 intermittently fails to respond to pings from single host, even with firewall disabled, but responds to non-ICMP requests fine

  - by James Westbury

  This one is kind of weird. I've got the following machines involved: DC01 - 10.1.2.42, Server 2012, domain controller & DNS server, physical machine nagiosv - 10.1.2.35, CentOS 6.4, Nagios, virtual machine CB01 - 10.1.3.81, Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, couchbase server, virtual machine So, I noticed something was wrong while configuring this new Nagios VM. I started seeing DC01's state flapping. I logged into nagiosv when I saw this happening, and attempted to ping DC01, both by FQDN and its IP address. Neither worked. I tried pinging the machine from CB01, which is another VM on the same virtual switch/physical NIC as nagiosv, and that worked fine. Pings still failing from nagiosv at this time. DC01 is also an internal DNS server, so I ran dig google.com from nagiosv, and was able to run a query against DC01 just fine: ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.1.2.42#53(10.1.2.42) ;; WHEN: Fri Nov 1 07:53:51 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 204 Pings still failing from nagiosv, though. I can ping from DC01 to nagiosv, and that works, and I can still ping from other VMs on the same physical NIC into DC01, and that works. I should mention at this point that I've disabled the firewall on DC01 for testing purposes, and it doesn't make a damned bit of difference. (Even with the firewall enabled, I have a blanket exception for ICMP from the local subnet, so it shouldn't make a difference, but I figured I should test it anyway.) I loaded up Wireshark on DC01 and pinged it from nagiosv again. What I see is a bunch of echo requests coming in and not a single reply going back out. Filtered results here, showing all ICMP traffic during a 15-second period. A few more bits of info: There are no IP conflicts on the network. MAC addresses on the incoming pings match the MAC on the VM. There are no duplicate MACs on the network, as far as I can see. I have absolutely no idea why DC01 is failing to respond, here. Any ideas?

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• How do I troubleshoot a page not found error when configuring IIS6 Windows Server 2003? [Page Not Found]

  - by Vinicius Ottoni

  I have configured IIS6 in my windows server 2003 with this link: http://www.simongibson.com/intranet/iis6/ After that I create a new web site inside Web Sites directory. Inside the physical path I created an index.htm that has: <html> <body>Test</body> </html> But I got the following error: "The page cannot be found". When I put the same index file inside the Web Site Default physical path, it works. I configured the new web site with the link above using the IP configuration and without a Host Header.' What should I do to troubleshoot this or is there an obvious configuration error?

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• Multiple subnets behind SonicWall TZ 180

  - by Derek

  We have a SonicWall TZ180 that acts as a VPN endpoint. Right now it has one WAN IP address and a /24 assigned to the LAN interface. Our mail cluster administrator asked if it was possible to add a second private class C behind the VPN. This second subnet would be available to the other network and then we would use address objects and acls to limit access. Is this possible? I read up on PortShield but I don't know if that's what we would need to use because we're pushing all data out of one physical port into a Cisco switch that has VLANs already set up. Addendum: It appears that PortShields will do what I want with only one limitation; it requires a direct 1-1 relationship of portshield to physical port. This would then limit us to 4 PortShields on 1 TZ180. Is there a better solution than this?

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• Query Performance Degrades with High Number of Logical Reads

  - by electricsk8

  I'm using Confio Ignite8 to derive this information, and monitor waits. I have one query that runs frequently, and I notice that on some days there is an extremely high number of logical reads incurred, +300,000,000 for 91,000 executions. On a good day, the logical reads are much lower, 18,000,000 for 94,000 executions. The execution plan for the query utilizes clustered index seeks, and is below. StmtText |--Nested Loops(Inner Join, OUTER REFERENCES:([f].[ParentId])) |--Clustered Index Seek(OBJECT:([StructuredFN].[dbo].[Folder].[PK_Folders] AS [f]), SEEK:([f].[FolderId]=(8125)), WHERE:([StructuredFN].[dbo].[Folder].[DealId] as [f].[DealId]=(300)) ORDERED FORWARD) |--Clustered Index Seek(OBJECT:([StructuredFN].[dbo].[Folder].[PK_Folders] AS [p]), SEEK:([p].[FolderId]=[StructuredFN].[dbo].[Folder].[ParentId] as [f].[ParentId]), WHERE:([StructuredFN].[dbo].[Folder].[DealId] as [p].[DealId]=(300)) ORDERED FORWARD) Output from showstatistics io ... Table 'Folder'. Scan count 0, logical reads 4, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0. Any ideas on how to troubleshoot where these high logical reads come from on certain days, and others nothing?

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• What is Paging in memory management?

  - by Fasih Khatib

  I was just reading Operating System Principles by Silberschatz et al when I came across paging in memory management.I'm slightly confused about it. It states that Physical Memory(I assume it's RAM) is divided into frames, and logical memory is divided into pages. CPU generates logical addresses containing page number and an offset. This page number is used to retrieve the frame number from a page table which gives the base address so the physical address is calculated as base+offset. My question is: is the page table maintained for every process? I logically think that the answer would be yes as every process will need to map its own pages to frames. I may be wrong. Please clarify. Also: paging and segmentation(where 'holes' are created in memory) are two totally different techniques that are not used in combination. Correct?

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• A space-efficient filesystem for grow-as-needed virtual disks ?

  - by Steve Schnepp

  A common practice is to use non-preallocated virtual disks. Since they only grow as needed, it makes them perfect for fast backup, overallocation and creation speed. Since file systems are usually based on physical disks they have the tendency to use the whole area available1 in order to increase the speed2 or reliability3. I'm searching a filesystem that does the exact opposite : try to touch the minimum blocks need by an aggressive block reuse. I would happily trade some performance for space usage. There is already a similar question, but it is rather general. I have very specific goal : space-efficiency. 1. Like page caching uses all the free physical memory 2. Canonical example : online defragmentation 3. Canonical example : snapshotting

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• Which simple server virtualization solution to use?

  - by vvanscherpenseel

  For one part of our hosting platform we are currently using VMware Server 2 to create two virtual machines on one physical machine. One VM is used for hosting of small websites, the other VM is used as a staging environment. Both the host OS and guest OSes run CentOS Linux. Support for VMWare Server 2 has been discontinued and we are currently looking for a replacement. We only use basic functionality (we don't use snapshots, moving around VMs to different physical machines, or other 'advanced' functionality'). Just a box, with two VMs. We are looking for a virtualization solution that has long-term support, is stable and allows configuration/management from Mac OSx (I understood that Xen only has a Windows client). What would be the right solution for us?

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• Software to create a virtual parallel port in Windows XP?

  - by drknexus

  I am writing a program that will eventually be used on a computer with a physical parallel port and will need to set certain pins high or low in order to signal to an external device. However, the development laptop I am using does not have any physical parallel ports and is too low powered to run a virtual machine. Is there any option available that will create a virtual parallel port within Windows XP? Ideally it would include a debug mode that would allow me to see what values have been pushed out on the parallel port.

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• Workstation Build: Single 2.66ghz i-7 with overclock potential, OR Dual 5520 2.26ghz Xeons?

  - by jdc0589

  There are probably better places to ask this, but I am used to the excellent quality of responses on stack overflow. I am rebuilding my desktop in a few months. Aside from normal lightweight internet usage, I use it to run sqlServer, mySql, 1-2 Ubuntu VMs from time to time, lots of IDE's, and a media server for my PS3. The two possible setups cost the exact same amount (within $50) and would both have 12gb 1333mhz ddr3 ram and a 500gb RAID-0 array (250x2). Now, If I go with a single i-7 920 2.66ghz quadcore, I can easily overclock it to 3ghz, and would have cash leftover to get a 160gb ssd (either the ocz vertex or the 120gb intel) for the main OS/Program install drive. Else, I could get a dual lga1366 motherboard with two e5520 Xeon's (2.26ghz),just use the disks I already have. So, do I go for 8 physical/16 virtual cores at 2.26ghz (No overclocking on server boards) with normal disk I/O, or a 4 physical/8 virtual cores at 3.0ghz with really outstanding disk I/O?

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• arp across subnets which devices can be detected?

  - by Gobliins

  i have some devices connected in the same physical network (LAN) but in different subnets. I want to detect them all with the ARP from my computer. My Computer is also in the same physical network but on a different subnet. ! The devices have no arp protocol installed (yet). Is it possible to detect the devices (with or withour ARP installed on every device)? If the devices have a MAC-address but no IP-address, can ARP still detect the machines?

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• Win 7: How can I resize a window to make it much bigger than my screen?

  - by RexE

  I have a window that I'd like to make much bigger than my physical screen (explanation of why below). I hit Alt+Space, M, and then press the Up arrow to move the title bar above the physical top of my screen. However, when I press Enter to set it, the title bar snaps back to the top of my screen. How can I prevent this from happening? Background: I want to get a hi-res image of a neighborhood map so that it can be printed to a poster. Google Earth has a "Save as JPG" feature, which will save the map in the window to a file. The bigger the window, the bigger the JPG; so, I'm trying to make the window as big as I can. Alternate suggestions welcome.

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• vSwitch configuration with 12 uplinks

  - by Joshua

  I have been doing a lot of research on vSwitch configurations, but I think I am more confused now after all of the reading that I have done. So here is my situation 3 ESX Hosts (12 nics each), 1 iSCSI SAN, 2 Force 10 switches. Should I create individual vSwitches for MGMT, vMotion, VM, and SCSI traffic? or do I need to group anything together in the same vSwitch? I am going to have 4 vLANS total, one for each of those items, do I need to do any trunking on the physical switch or just assign the correct vLAN to each physical switch port?

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• Vmware Workstation 10 connect remote server (Debian, Guest-Windows XP) Does not allow raw disk access nor shared folders

  - by Alex

  The setup: Ubuntu with local Vmware Workstation 10 (everything works locally) Connects(File- Connect to Server) Debian server with the same Vmware Workstation 10 (Windows XP Guest) Debian setup does not allow raw disk access nor shared folders (most options does not exist) No shared folder No physical disk option I use root user for this machine. Default install. I've tried to add shared folder from command line - it does not work. How to enable shared folders or raw disk access? I have created new Windows 8 64 bit template from scratch - I cannot use physical HDD either, and no SharedFolder option. I think this is something about security policy of remote server.

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• Hosting ESXI (free edition) [closed]

  - by Peter Adss

  We currently have one physical server running the free version of VMWare ESXi that virtualizes a Win SBS 2003 server and a Citrix server. We need to collocate the server and are investigating our options. Are there places that will host our virtual servers and save us the expense of shipping the physical server out for collocation. In my mind we'd copy the Vms to disk and ship them out. Does the fact that we're using the free version of ESXi create a barrier to this idea? Thanks for the help, I realize this is a stupid question.

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• Open Source or Low Cost Layer 7 ("Content") Switch?

  - by Rob

  I have several web servers that host a number of different applications and web sites. I want to make it easy to host apps or parts of web sites on different servers (e.g. example.com/foo might be on one physical server and example.com/bar might be on another). We do this Apache redirects right now, but that gets messy fast and in any case we have other problems we want to solve, such as throttling requests from individual clients, and reducing dependency on specific physical hosts. Is there an open source or low cost layer 7 switch that would be suitable for this sort of task? I was hoping to find something like a stripped down Linux VMware guest/appliance built for this purpose, but haven't seen anything suitable out there so far.

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• SQL Server and Hyper-V Dynamic Memory - Part 1

  - by SQLOS Team

  SQL and Dynamic Memory Blog Post Series   Hyper-V Dynamic Memory is a new feature in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 that allows the memory assigned to guest virtual machines to vary according to demand. Using this feature with SQL Server is supported, but how well does it work in an environment where available memory can vary dynamically, especially since SQL Server likes memory, and is not very eager to let go of it? The next three posts will look at this question in detail. In Part 1 Serdar Sutay, a program manager in the Windows Hyper-V team, introduces Dynamic Memory with an overview of the basic architecture, configuration and monitoring concepts. In subsequent parts we will look at SQL Server memory handling, and develop some guidelines on using SQL Server with Dynamic Memory.   Part 1: Dynamic Memory Introduction   In virtualized environments memory is often the bottleneck for reaching higher VM densities. In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Hyper-V introduced a new feature “Dynamic Memory” to improve VM densities on Hyper-V hosts. Dynamic Memory increases the memory utilization in virtualized environments by enabling VM memory to be changed dynamically when the VM is running.   This brings up the question of how to utilize this feature with SQL Server VMs as SQL Server performance is very sensitive to the memory being used. In the next three posts we’ll discuss the internals of Dynamic Memory, SQL Server Memory Management and how to use Dynamic Memory with SQL Server VMs.   Memory Utilization Efficiency in Virtualized Environments   The primary reason memory is usually the bottleneck for higher VM densities is that users tend to be generous when assigning memory to their VMs. Here are some memory sizing practices we’ve heard from customers:   ·         I assign 4 GB of memory to my VMs. I don’t know if all of it is being used by the applications but no one complains. ·         I take the minimum system requirements and add 50% more. ·         I go with the recommendations provided by my software vendor.   In reality correctly sizing a virtual machine requires significant effort to monitor the memory usage of the applications. Since this is not done in most environments, VMs are usually over-provisioned in terms of memory. In other words, a SQL Server VM that is assigned 4 GB of memory may not need to use 4 GB.   How does Dynamic Memory help?   Dynamic Memory improves the memory utilization by removing the requirement to determine the memory need for an application. Hyper-V determines the memory needed by applications in the VM by evaluating the memory usage information in the guest with Dynamic Memory. VMs can start with a small amount of memory and they can be assigned more memory dynamically based on the workload of applications running inside.   Overview of Dynamic Memory Concepts   ·         Startup Memory: Startup Memory is the starting amount of memory when Dynamic Memory is enabled for a VM. Dynamic Memory will make sure that this amount of memory is always assigned to the VMs by default.   ·         Maximum Memory: Maximum Memory specifies the maximum amount of memory that a VM can grow to with Dynamic Memory. ·         Memory Demand: Memory Demand is the amount determined by Dynamic Memory as the memory needed by the applications in the VM. In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, this is equal to the total amount of committed memory of the VM. ·         Memory Buffer: Memory Buffer is the amount of memory assigned to the VMs in addition to their memory demand to satisfy immediate memory requirements and file cache needs.   Once Dynamic Memory is enabled for a VM, it will start with the “Startup Memory”. After the boot process Dynamic Memory will determine the “Memory Demand” of the VM. Based on this memory demand it will determine the amount of “Memory Buffer” that needs to be assigned to the VM. Dynamic Memory will assign the total of “Memory Demand” and “Memory Buffer” to the VM as long as this value is less than “Maximum Memory” and as long as physical memory is available on the host.   What happens when there is not enough physical memory available on the host?   Once there is not enough physical memory on the host to satisfy VM needs, Dynamic Memory will assign less than needed amount of memory to the VMs based on their importance. A concept known as “Memory Weight” is used to determine how much VMs should be penalized based on their needed amount of memory. “Memory Weight” is a configuration setting on the VM. It can be configured to be higher for the VMs with high performance requirements. Under high memory pressure on the host, the “Memory Weight” of the VMs are evaluated in a relative manner and the VMs with lower relative “Memory Weight” will be penalized more than the ones with higher “Memory Weight”.   Dynamic Memory Configuration   Based on these concepts “Startup Memory”, “Maximum Memory”, “Memory Buffer” and “Memory Weight” can be configured as shown below in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Hyper-V Manager. Memory Demand is automatically calculated by Dynamic Memory once VMs start running.     Dynamic Memory Monitoring    In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Hyper-V Manager displays the memory status of VMs in the following three columns:         ·         Assigned Memory represents the current physical memory assigned to the VM. In regular conditions this will be equal to the sum of “Memory Demand” and “Memory Buffer” assigned to the VM. When there is not enough memory on the host, this value can go below the Memory Demand determined for the VM. ·         Memory Demand displays the current “Memory Demand” determined for the VM. ·         Memory Status displays the current memory status of the VM. This column can represent three values for a VM: o   OK: In this condition the VM is assigned the total of Memory Demand and Memory Buffer it needs. o   Low: In this condition the VM is assigned all the Memory Demand and a certain percentage of the Memory Buffer it needs. o   Warning: In this condition the VM is assigned a lower memory than its Memory Demand. When VMs are running in this condition, it’s likely that they will exhibit performance problems due to internal paging happening in the VM.    So far so good! But how does it work with SQL Server?   SQL Server is aggressive in terms of memory usage for good reasons. This raises the question: How do SQL Server and Dynamic Memory work together? To understand the full story, we’ll first need to understand how SQL Server Memory Management works. This will be covered in our second post in “SQL and Dynamic Memory” series. Meanwhile if you want to dive deeper into Dynamic Memory you can check the below posts from the Windows Virtualization Team Blog:   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/03/18/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/03/25/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-2.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/04/07/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-3.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/04/21/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-4.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/05/20/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-5.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/07/12/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-6.aspx   - Serdar Sutay   Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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• SQLAuthority News – Whitepaper – SQL Azure vs. SQL Server

  - by pinaldave

  SQL Server and SQL Azure are two Microsoft Products which goes almost together. There are plenty of misconceptions about SQL Azure. I have seen enough developers not planning for SQL Azure because they are not sure what exactly they are getting into. Some are confused thinking Azure is not powerful enough. I disagree and strongly urge all of you to read following white paper written and published by Microsoft. SQL Azure vs. SQL Server by Dinakar Nethi, Niraj Nagrani SQL Azure Database is a cloud-based relational database service from Microsoft. SQL Azure provides relational database functionality as a utility service. Cloud-based database solutions such as SQL Azure can provide many benefits, including rapid provisioning, cost-effective scalability, high availability, and reduced management overhead. This paper compares SQL Azure Database with SQL Server in terms of logical administration vs. physical administration, provisioning, Transact-SQL support, data storage, SSIS, along with other features and capabilities. The content of this white paper is as following: Similarities and Differences Logical Administration vs. Physical Administration Provisioning Transact-SQL Support Features and Types Key Benefits of the Service Self-Managing High Availability Scalability Familiar Development Model Relational Data Model The above summary text is taken from white paper itself. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL White Papers, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Technology Tagged: SQL Azure

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• SQL Server and Hyper-V Dynamic Memory - Part 1

  - by SQLOS Team

  SQL and Dynamic Memory Blog Post Series   Hyper-V Dynamic Memory is a new feature in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 that allows the memory assigned to guest virtual machines to vary according to demand. Using this feature with SQL Server is supported, but how well does it work in an environment where available memory can vary dynamically, especially since SQL Server likes memory, and is not very eager to let go of it? The next three posts will look at this question in detail. In Part 1 Serdar Sutay, a program manager in the Windows Hyper-V team, introduces Dynamic Memory with an overview of the basic architecture, configuration and monitoring concepts. In subsequent parts we will look at SQL Server memory handling, and develop some guidelines on using SQL Server with Dynamic Memory.   Part 1: Dynamic Memory Introduction   In virtualized environments memory is often the bottleneck for reaching higher VM densities. In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Hyper-V introduced a new feature “Dynamic Memory” to improve VM densities on Hyper-V hosts. Dynamic Memory increases the memory utilization in virtualized environments by enabling VM memory to be changed dynamically when the VM is running.   This brings up the question of how to utilize this feature with SQL Server VMs as SQL Server performance is very sensitive to the memory being used. In the next three posts we’ll discuss the internals of Dynamic Memory, SQL Server Memory Management and how to use Dynamic Memory with SQL Server VMs.   Memory Utilization Efficiency in Virtualized Environments   The primary reason memory is usually the bottleneck for higher VM densities is that users tend to be generous when assigning memory to their VMs. Here are some memory sizing practices we’ve heard from customers:   ·         I assign 4 GB of memory to my VMs. I don’t know if all of it is being used by the applications but no one complains. ·         I take the minimum system requirements and add 50% more. ·         I go with the recommendations provided by my software vendor.   In reality correctly sizing a virtual machine requires significant effort to monitor the memory usage of the applications. Since this is not done in most environments, VMs are usually over-provisioned in terms of memory. In other words, a SQL Server VM that is assigned 4 GB of memory may not need to use 4 GB.   How does Dynamic Memory help?   Dynamic Memory improves the memory utilization by removing the requirement to determine the memory need for an application. Hyper-V determines the memory needed by applications in the VM by evaluating the memory usage information in the guest with Dynamic Memory. VMs can start with a small amount of memory and they can be assigned more memory dynamically based on the workload of applications running inside.   Overview of Dynamic Memory Concepts   ·         Startup Memory: Startup Memory is the starting amount of memory when Dynamic Memory is enabled for a VM. Dynamic Memory will make sure that this amount of memory is always assigned to the VMs by default.   ·         Maximum Memory: Maximum Memory specifies the maximum amount of memory that a VM can grow to with Dynamic Memory. ·         Memory Demand: Memory Demand is the amount determined by Dynamic Memory as the memory needed by the applications in the VM. In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, this is equal to the total amount of committed memory of the VM. ·         Memory Buffer: Memory Buffer is the amount of memory assigned to the VMs in addition to their memory demand to satisfy immediate memory requirements and file cache needs.   Once Dynamic Memory is enabled for a VM, it will start with the “Startup Memory”. After the boot process Dynamic Memory will determine the “Memory Demand” of the VM. Based on this memory demand it will determine the amount of “Memory Buffer” that needs to be assigned to the VM. Dynamic Memory will assign the total of “Memory Demand” and “Memory Buffer” to the VM as long as this value is less than “Maximum Memory” and as long as physical memory is available on the host.   What happens when there is not enough physical memory available on the host?   Once there is not enough physical memory on the host to satisfy VM needs, Dynamic Memory will assign less than needed amount of memory to the VMs based on their importance. A concept known as “Memory Weight” is used to determine how much VMs should be penalized based on their needed amount of memory. “Memory Weight” is a configuration setting on the VM. It can be configured to be higher for the VMs with high performance requirements. Under high memory pressure on the host, the “Memory Weight” of the VMs are evaluated in a relative manner and the VMs with lower relative “Memory Weight” will be penalized more than the ones with higher “Memory Weight”.   Dynamic Memory Configuration   Based on these concepts “Startup Memory”, “Maximum Memory”, “Memory Buffer” and “Memory Weight” can be configured as shown below in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Hyper-V Manager. Memory Demand is automatically calculated by Dynamic Memory once VMs start running.     Dynamic Memory Monitoring    In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Hyper-V Manager displays the memory status of VMs in the following three columns:         ·         Assigned Memory represents the current physical memory assigned to the VM. In regular conditions this will be equal to the sum of “Memory Demand” and “Memory Buffer” assigned to the VM. When there is not enough memory on the host, this value can go below the Memory Demand determined for the VM. ·         Memory Demand displays the current “Memory Demand” determined for the VM. ·         Memory Status displays the current memory status of the VM. This column can represent three values for a VM: o   OK: In this condition the VM is assigned the total of Memory Demand and Memory Buffer it needs. o   Low: In this condition the VM is assigned all the Memory Demand and a certain percentage of the Memory Buffer it needs. o   Warning: In this condition the VM is assigned a lower memory than its Memory Demand. When VMs are running in this condition, it’s likely that they will exhibit performance problems due to internal paging happening in the VM.    So far so good! But how does it work with SQL Server?   SQL Server is aggressive in terms of memory usage for good reasons. This raises the question: How do SQL Server and Dynamic Memory work together? To understand the full story, we’ll first need to understand how SQL Server Memory Management works. This will be covered in our second post in “SQL and Dynamic Memory” series. Meanwhile if you want to dive deeper into Dynamic Memory you can check the below posts from the Windows Virtualization Team Blog:   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/03/18/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/03/25/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-2.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/04/07/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-3.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/04/21/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-4.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/05/20/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-5.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/07/12/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-6.aspx   - Serdar Sutay   Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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• Wireless will not connect

  - by azz0r

  Hello, I have installed Ubuntu 10.10 on the same machine as my windows setup. However, it will not connect to my wireless network. It can see its there, it can attempt to connect, yet it will never connect. It will keep bringing up the password prompt everyso often. I have tried turning my security to WEP, I ended up turning it back to WPA2. It is set to AES (noted a few threads on google about that). Can you assist? I would love to dive into Ubuntu, but without the internet its pointless. --- lshw -C network --- *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 02 serial: 00:1d:92:ea:cc:62 capacity: 1GB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8168 driverversion=8.020.00-NAPI duplex=half latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:29 ioport:e800(size=256) memory:feaff000-feafffff memory:f8ff0000-f8ffffff(prefetchable) memory:feac0000-feadffff(prefetchable) *-network description: Wireless interface physical id: 1 logical name: wlan0 serial: 00:15:af:72:a4:38 capabilities: ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn --- iwconfig ---- lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"Wuggawoo" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=9 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:on --- cat /etc/network/interfaces ---- auto lo iface lo inet loopback logs deamon.log --- Jan 19 04:17:09 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1289]: Authentication with 94:44:52:0d:22:0d timed out. Jan 19 04:17:09 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: associating -> disconnected Jan 19 04:17:09 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: disconnected -> scanning Jan 19 04:17:11 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1289]: WPS-AP-AVAILABLE Jan 19 04:17:11 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1289]: Trying to associate with 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (SSID='Wuggawoo' freq=2437 MHz) Jan 19 04:17:11 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: scanning -> associating Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Activation (wlan0/wireless): association took too long. Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): device state change: 5 -> 6 (reason 0) Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Activation (wlan0/wireless): asking for new secrets Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 1 of 5 (Device Prepare) scheduled... Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 1 of 5 (Device Prepare) started... Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): device state change: 6 -> 4 (reason 0) Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 2 of 5 (Device Configure) scheduled... Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 1 of 5 (Device Prepare) complete. Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 2 of 5 (Device Configure) starting... Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): device state change: 4 -> 5 (reason 0) Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Activation (wlan0/wireless): connection 'Wuggawoo' has security, and secrets exist. No new secrets needed. Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Config: added 'ssid' value 'Wuggawoo' Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Config: added 'scan_ssid' value '1' Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Config: added 'key_mgmt' value 'WPA-PSK' Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Config: added 'psk' value '<omitted>' Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: nm_setting_802_1x_get_pkcs11_engine_path: assertion `NM_IS_SETTING_802_1X (setting)' failed Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: nm_setting_802_1x_get_pkcs11_module_path: assertion `NM_IS_SETTING_802_1X (setting)' failed Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 2 of 5 (Device Configure) complete. Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: associating -> disconnected Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> Config: set interface ap_scan to 1 Jan 19 04:17:12 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: disconnected -> scanning Jan 19 04:17:13 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1289]: WPS-AP-AVAILABLE Jan 19 04:17:13 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1289]: Trying to associate with 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (SSID='Wuggawoo' freq=2437 MHz) Jan 19 04:17:13 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: scanning -> associating Jan 19 04:17:23 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1289]: Authentication with 94:44:52:0d:22:0d timed out. Jan 19 04:17:23 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: associating -> disconnected Jan 19 04:17:23 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: disconnected -> scanning Jan 19 04:17:24 ubuntu AptDaemon: INFO: Initializing daemon Jan 19 04:17:25 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1289]: WPS-AP-AVAILABLE Jan 19 04:17:25 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1289]: Trying to associate with 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (SSID='Wuggawoo' freq=2437 MHz) Jan 19 04:17:25 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: scanning -> associating Jan 19 04:17:27 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> wlan0: link timed out. --- kern.log --- Jan 19 04:18:11 ubuntu kernel: [ 142.420024] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d timed out Jan 19 04:18:13 ubuntu kernel: [ 144.333847] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (try 1) Jan 19 04:18:13 ubuntu kernel: [ 144.539996] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (try 2) Jan 19 04:18:13 ubuntu kernel: [ 144.750027] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (try 3) Jan 19 04:18:14 ubuntu kernel: [ 144.940022] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d timed out Jan 19 04:18:25 ubuntu kernel: [ 155.832995] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (try 1) Jan 19 04:18:25 ubuntu kernel: [ 156.030046] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (try 2) Jan 19 04:18:25 ubuntu kernel: [ 156.230039] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (try 3) Jan 19 04:18:25 ubuntu kernel: [ 156.430039] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d timed out --- syslog --- Jan 19 04:18:46 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1289]: Authentication with 94:44:52:0d:22:0d timed out. Jan 19 04:18:46 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: associating -> disconnected Jan 19 04:18:46 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: disconnected -> scanning Jan 19 04:18:48 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1289]: WPS-AP-AVAILABLE Jan 19 04:18:48 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1289]: Trying to associate with 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (SSID='Wuggawoo' freq=2437 MHz) Jan 19 04:18:48 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: scanning -> associating Jan 19 04:18:48 ubuntu kernel: [ 178.833905] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (try 1) Jan 19 04:18:48 ubuntu kernel: [ 179.030035] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (try 2) Jan 19 04:18:48 ubuntu kernel: [ 179.230020] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (try 3) Jan 19 04:18:48 ubuntu kernel: [ 179.433634] wlan0: direct probe to AP 94:44:52:0d:22:0d timed out lspci and lsusb lspci -- 00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 Host Bridge 00:02.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (ext gfx port 0) 00:05.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 1) 00:06.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 2) 00:11.0 SATA controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 SATA Controller [AHCI mode] 00:12.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI0 Controller 00:12.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700 USB OHCI1 Controller 00:12.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB EHCI Controller 00:13.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI0 Controller 00:13.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700 USB OHCI1 Controller 00:13.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB EHCI Controller 00:14.0 SMBus: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 SMBus Controller (rev 3a) 00:14.1 IDE interface: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 IDE Controller 00:14.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 00:14.3 ISA bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 LPC host controller 00:14.4 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge 00:14.5 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI2 Controller 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] HyperTransport Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Miscellaneous Control 00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Link Control 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation G80 [GeForce 8800 GTS] (rev a2) 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 02) 03:00.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): JMicron Technology Corp. IEEE 1394 Host Controller -- lsusb -- Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 003: ID 046d:c517 Logitech, Inc. LX710 Cordless Desktop Laser Bus 004 Device 002: ID 045e:0730 Microsoft Corp. Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 003: ID 13d3:3247 IMC Networks 802.11 n/g/b Wireless LAN Adapter Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0718:0628 Imation Corp. Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 046d:08c2 Logitech, Inc. QuickCam PTZ Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:2228 Standard Microsystems Corp. 9-in-2 Card Reader Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub With no security on my router I still can't connect, I get: Jan 19 15:58:01 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1165]: Authentication with 94:44:52:0d:22:0d timed out. Jan 19 15:58:01 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: associating -> disconnected Jan 19 15:58:01 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: disconnected -> scanning Jan 19 15:58:02 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1165]: WPS-AP-AVAILABLE Jan 19 15:58:02 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1165]: Trying to associate with 94:44:52:0d:22:0d (SSID='Wuggawoo' freq=2437 MHz) Jan 19 15:58:02 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1165]: Association request to the driver failed Jan 19 15:58:02 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: scanning -> associating Jan 19 15:58:05 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> wlan0: link timed out. Jan 19 15:58:07 ubuntu wpa_supplicant[1165]: Authentication with 94:44:52:0d:22:0d timed out. Jan 19 15:58:07 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connection state: associating -> disconnected Jan 19 15:58:07 ubuntu NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): supplicant connec

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