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• What is the difference between Constant Vertex Attributes and Uniforms?

  - by Samaursa

  According to the OpenGL ES 2.0 Programming Guide: A constant vertex attribute is the same for all vertices of a primitive, and therefore only one value needs to be specified for all the vertices of a primitive. For uniforms the book states: ...any parameter to a shader that is constant across either all vertices or fragments (but that is not known at compile time) should be passed in as a uniform. I've always used uniforms for data that is constant for a primitive but now it appears that attributes can also be used in the same way. Is there more to constant vertex attribute than simply 'they are the same as uniforms'?

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• How to use mount points in MilkShape models?

  - by vividos

  I have bought the Warriors & Commoners model pack from Frogames and the pack contains (among other formats) two animated models and several non-animated objects (axe, shield, pilosities, etc.) in MilkShape3D format. I looked at the official "MilkShape 3D Viewer v2.0" (msViewer2.zip at http://www.chumba.ch/chumbalum-soft/ms3d/download.html) source code and implemented loading the model, calculating the joint matrices and everything looks fine. In the model there are several joints that are designated as the "mount points" for the static objects like axe and shield. I now want to "put" the axe into the hand of the animated model, and I couldn't quite figure out how. I put the animated vertices in a VBO that gets updated every frame (I know I should do this with a shader, but I didn't have time to do this yet). I put the static vertices in another VBO that I want to keep static and not updated every frame. I now tried to render the animated vertices first, then use the joint matrix for the "mount joint" to calculate the location of the static object. I tried many things, and what about seems to be right is to transpose the joint matrix, then use glMatrixMult() to transform the modelview matrix. For some objects like the axe this is working, but not for others, e.g. the pilosities. Now my question: How is this generally implemented when using bone/joint models, and especially with MilkShape3D models? Am I on the right track?

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• Apply bone tranforms when importing FBX in XNA

  - by hichaeretaqua

  Preconditions: I have some models, that does only contain some meshes and one texture. There is no animation within the model. An example: a model of a table. I want to draw the Model with a custom effect, so I have to swap the effect after loading the model. In order to draw them correctly, I have to apply the bone transformation manually on each draw for each mesh and effect as can be seen here. So there are two questions: Is there a option during import that allows my to apply the bone transformation on all vertices, so that during draw call I should not have to do this? Is there a option during import that merges all vertices into a Vertex- and IndexBuffer, that allows me to draw the whole model with just one call? I'm pretty sure that the build-in "Autodesk FBX - XNA Framework" does not support this features, but maybe there is an other imported available or an other possibility I missed. The aim is to speed up rendering a little bit especially by using instancing. So having one VertexBuffer to draw at one time would be pretty nice.

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• What are the parameters of APEX destructible asset / actor, and what are the effect of them?

  - by Semih Kekül

  There are parameters of the NxDestructibleAsset such as: defaultBehaviorGroup.damageToRadius destructibleParameters.fractureImpulseScale p3BodyDescTemplate.density structureSettings.useStressSolver destructibleParameters.runtimeFracture.glass.firstSegmentSize, etc. However, i can not find any document explaining these parameters. Are there any documents/videos or codes (anything) which explains these parameters?

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• Why does my code dividing a 2D array into chunks fail?

  - by Borog

  I have a 2D-Array representing my world. I want to divide this huge thing into smaller chunks to make collision detection easier. I have a Chunk class that consists only of another 2D Array with a specific width and height and I want to iterate through the world, create new Chunks and add them to a list (or maybe a Map with Coordinates as the key; we'll see about that). world = new World(8192, 1024); Integer[][] chunkArray; for(int a = 0; a < map.getHeight() / Chunk.chunkHeight; a++) { for(int b = 0; b < map.getWidth() / Chunk.chunkWidth; b++) { Chunk chunk = new Chunk(); chunkArray = new Integer[Chunk.chunkWidth][Chunk.chunkHeight]; for(int x = Chunk.chunkHeight*a; x < Chunk.chunkHeight*(a+1); x++) { for(int y = Chunk.chunkWidth*b; y < Chunk.chunkWidth*(b+1); y++) { // Yes, the tileMap actually is [height][width] I'll have // to fix that somewhere down the line -.- chunkArray[y][x] = map.getTileMap()[x*a][y*b]; // TODO:Attach to chunk } } chunkList.add(chunk); } } System.out.println(chunkList.size()); The two outer loops get a new chunk in a specific row and column. I do that by dividing the overall size of the map by the chunkSize. The inner loops then fill a new chunkArray and attach it to the chunk. But somehow my maths is broken here. Let's assume the chunkHeight = chunkWidth = 64. For the first Array I want to start at [0][0] and go until [63][63]. For the next I want to start at [64][64] and go until [127][127] and so on. But I get an out of bounds exception and can't figure out why. Any help appreciated! Actually I think I know where the problem lies: chunkArray[y][x] can't work, because y goes from 0-63 just in the first iteration. Afterwards it goes from 64-127, so sure it is out of bounds. Still no nice solution though :/ EDIT: if(y < Chunk.chunkWidth && x < Chunk.chunkHeight) chunkArray[y][x] = map.getTileMap()[y][x]; This works for the first iteration... now I need to get the commonly accepted formula.

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• How to remove a box2d body when collision happens?

  - by Ayham

  I’m still new to java and android programming and I am having so much trouble Removing an object when collision happens. I looked around the web and found that I should never handle removing BOX2D bodies during collision detection (a contact listener) and I should add my objects to an arraylist and set a variable in the User Data section of the body to delete or not and handle the removing action in an update handler. So I did this: First I define two ArrayLists one for the faces and one for the bodies: ArrayList<Sprite> myFaces = new ArrayList<Sprite>(); ArrayList<Body> myBodies = new ArrayList<Body>(); Then when I create a face and connect that face to its body I add them to their ArrayLists like this: face = new AnimatedSprite(pX, pY, pWidth, pHeight, this.mBoxFaceTextureRegion); Body BoxBody = PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(mPhysicsWorld, face, BodyType.DynamicBody, objectFixtureDef); mPhysicsWorld.registerPhysicsConnector(new PhysicsConnector(face, BoxBody, true, true)); myFaces.add(face); myBodies.add(BoxBody); now I add a contact listener and an update handler in the onloadscene like this: this.mPhysicsWorld.setContactListener(new ContactListener() { private AnimatedSprite face2; @Override public void beginContact(final Contact pContact) { } @Override public void endContact(final Contact pContact) { } @Override public void preSolve(Contact contact,Manifold oldManifold) { } @Override public void postSolve(Contact contact,ContactImpulse impulse) { } }); scene.registerUpdateHandler(new IUpdateHandler() { @Override public void reset() { } @Override public void onUpdate(final float pSecondsElapsed) { } }); My plan is to detect which two bodies collided in the contact listener by checking a variable from the user data section of the body, get their numbers in the array list and finally use the update handler to remove these bodies. The questions are: Am I using the arraylist correctly? How to add a variable to the User Data (the code please). I tried removing a body in this update handler but it still throws me NullPointerException , so what is the right way to add an update handler and where should I add it. Any other advices to do this would be great. Thanks in advance.

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• libgdx draw issue and animation

  - by johnny-b

  it seems as though i cannot get the draw method to work??? it seems as though the bullet.draw(batcher) does not work and i cannot understand why as the bullet is a sprite. i have made a Sprite[] and added them as animation. could that be it? i tried batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY(), bullet.getOriginX() / 2, bullet.getOriginY() / 2, bullet.getWidth(), bullet.getHeight(), 1, 1, bullet.getRotation()); but that dont work, the only way it draws is this batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY()); below is the code. // this is in a Asset Class texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("SpriteN1.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest); bullet1 = new Sprite(texture, 380, 350, 45, 20); bullet1.flip(false, true); bullet2 = new Sprite(texture, 425, 350, 45, 20); bullet2.flip(false, true); Sprite[] bullets = { bullet1, bullet2 }; bulletAnimation = new Animation(0.06f, bullets); bulletAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); // this is the GameRender class public class GameRender() { private Bullet bullet; private Ball ball; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet = myWorld.getBullet(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bulletAnimation = AssetLoader.bulletAnimation; } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); // Disable transparency // This is good for performance when drawing images that do not require // transparency. batcher.disableBlending(); // The ball needs transparency, so we enable that again. batcher.enableBlending(); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY()); // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } // this is the gameworld class public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet; private ScrollHandler scroller; public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(480, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(10, 10); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet() { return bullet; } } is there anyway so make the sprite work?

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• How can I convert an image from raw data in Android without any munging?

  - by stephelton

  I have raw image data (may be .png, .jpg, ...) and I want it converted in Android without changing its pixel depth (bpp). In particular, when I load a grayscale (8 bpp) image that I want to use as alpha (glTexImage() with GL_ALPHA), it converts it to 16 bpp (presumably 5_6_5). While I do have a plan B (actually, I'm probably on plan 'E' by now, this is really becoming annoying) I would really like to discover an easy way to do this using what is readily available in the API. So far, I'm using BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(). While I'm at it. I'm doing this from a native environment via JNI (passing the buffer in from C, and a new buffer back to C from Java). Any portable solution in C/C++ would be preferable, but I don't want to introduce anything that might break in future versions of Android, etc.

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• Alternative to NV Occlusion Query - getting the number of fragments which passed the depth test

  - by Etan

  In "modern" environments, the "NV Occlusion Query" extension provide a method to get the number of fragments which passed the depth test. However, on the iPad / iPhone using OpenGL ES, the extension is not available. What is the most performant approach to implement a similar behaviour in the fragment shader? Some of my ideas: Render the object completely in white, then count all the colors together using a two-pass shader where first a vertical line is rendered and for each fragment the shader computes the sum over the whole row. Then, a single vertex is rendered whose fragment sums all the partial sums of the first pass. Doesn't seem to be very efficient. Render the object completely in white over a black background. Downsample recursively, abusing the hardware linear interpolation between textures until being at a reasonably small resolution. This leads to fragments which have a greyscale level depending on the number of white pixels where in their corresponding region. Is this even accurate enough? ... ?

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• Image first loaded, then it isn't? (XNA)

  - by M0rgenstern

  I am very confused at the Moment. I have the following Class: (Just a part of the class): public class GUIWindow { #region Static Fields //The standard image for windows. public static IngameImage StandardBackgroundImage; #endregion } IngameImage is just one of my own classes, but actually it contains a Texture2D (and some other things). In another class I load a list of GUIButtons by deserializing a XML file. public static GUI Initializazion(string pXMLPath, ContentManager pConMan) { GUI myGUI = pConMan.Load<GUI>(pXMLPath); GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage = new IngameImage(pConMan.Load<Texture2D>(myGUI.WindowStandardBackgroundImagePath), Vector2.Zero, 1024, 600, 1, 0, Color.White, 1.0f, true, false, false); System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); myGUI.Windows = pConMan.Load<List<GUIWindow>>(myGUI.GUIFormatXMLPath); System.Console.WriteLine("Windows loaded"); return myGUI; } Here this line: System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); Prints "true". To load the GUIWindows I need an "empty" constructor, which looks like that: public GUIWindow() { Name = ""; Buttons = new List<Button>(); ImagePath = ""; System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? (In win) " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); //Image = new IngameImage(StandardBackgroundImage); //System.Console.WriteLine( //Image.IsActive = false; SelectedButton = null; IsActive = false; } As you can see, I commented lines out in the constructor. Because: Otherwise this would crash. Here the line System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? (In win) " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); Doesn't print anything, it just crashes with the following errormessage: Building content threw NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an object instance. Why does this happen? Before the program wants to load the List, it prints "true". But in the constructor, so in the loading of the list it prints "false". Can anybody please tell me why this happens and how to fix it?

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• Webm videos converted with avconv not working properly

  - by user285943

  I'm converting mp4 videos to webm with the following command: avconv -i INPUT.mp4 -c:v libvpx -qmin 10 -qmax 42 -maxrate 500k -bufsize 1000k -threads 2 -c:a libvorbis OUTPUT.webm Am I doing something wrong? Should I use all of these parameters? I just want to make the videos compatible with all the browsers/devices. The videos are not working on Firefox on most devices and on Chrome in a specific Android device that I have. EDIT: When i play the embeded videos on firefox, on any android device, it goes straight to the end and doesn't play. It only plays if i click in the progress bar. If i open the videos on firefox without embedding them in a html page, they seem to have a bigger width box outside then, while the video is inside it. I uploaded a video that i converted. Try it in firefox: https://mega.co.nz/#!cg9FVZJD!CpC6X3NXH8rAVdBiS9ZqqwyITdyPb_qkKAKsvQXRpzI This is a comparison between the videos, after and before the conversion: ![Image here]: http://i.imgur.com/V2FijCQ.jpg

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• Nifty popup fails to register

  - by Snailer

  I'm new to Nifty GUI, so I'm following a tutorial here for making popups. For now, I'm just trying to get a very basic "test" popup to show, but I get multiple errors and none of them make much sense. To show a popup, I believe it is necessary to first have a Nifty Screen already showing, which I do. So here is the ScreenController for the working Nifty Screen: public class WorkingScreen extends AbstractAppState implements ScreenController { //Main is my jme SimpleApplication private Main app; private Nifty nifty; private Screen screen; public WorkingScreen() {} public void equip(String slotstr) { int slot = Integer.valueOf(slotstr); System.out.println("Equipping item in slot "+slot); //Here's where it STOPS working. app.getPlayer().registerPopupScreen(nifty); System.out.println("Registered new popup"); Element ele = nifty.createPopup(app.getPlayer().POPUP); System.out.println("popup is " +ele); nifty.showPopup(nifty.getCurrentScreen(), ele.getId(), null); } @Override public void initialize(AppStateManager stateManager, Application app) { super.initialize(stateManager, app); this.app = (Main)app; } @Override public void update(float tpf) { /** jME update loop! */ } public void bind(Nifty nifty, Screen screen) { this.nifty = nifty; this.screen = screen; } When I call equip(0) the system prints Equipping item in slot 0, then a lot of errors and none of the subsequent println()'s. Clearly it botches somewhere in Player.registerPopupScreen(Nifty nifty). Here's the method: public final String POPUP = "Test Popup"; public void registerPopupScreen(Nifty nifty) { System.out.println("Attempting new popup"); PopupBuilder b = new PopupBuilder(POPUP) {{ childLayoutCenter(); backgroundColor("#000a"); panel(new PanelBuilder() {{ id("List"); childLayoutCenter(); height(percentage(75)); width(percentage(50)); control(new ButtonBuilder("TestButton") {{ label("TestButton"); width("120px"); height("40px"); align(Align.Center); }}); }}); }}; System.out.println("PopupBuilder success."); b.registerPopup(nifty); System.out.println("Registerpopup success."); } Because that first println() doesn't show, it looks like this method isn't even called at all! Edit After removing all calls on the Player object, the popup works. It seems I'm not "allowed" to access the player from the ScreenController. Unfortunate, since I need information on the player for the popup. Is there a workaround?

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• Build a view frustum from angles

  - by MulletDevil

  I have 4 angles, left, right, top & bottom. These angles are in degrees. They define the angle between the forward vector and the corresponding side. I am trying to use these to calculate the required values for Perseective Off Centre function found here http://docs.unity3d.com/Documentation/ScriptReference/Camera-projectionMatrix.html I tried doing (near plane-far plane) * Tan(angle) But that didn't give the correct results.

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• How to improve Minecraft-esque voxel world performance?

  - by SomeXnaChump

  After playing Minecraft I marveled a bit at its large worlds but at the same time I found them extremely slow to navigate, even with a quad core and meaty graphics card. Now I assume Minecraft is fairly slow because: A) It's written in Java, and as most of the spatial partitioning and memory management activities happen in there, it would naturally be slower than a native C++ version. B) It doesn't partition its world very well. I could be wrong on both assumptions; however it got me thinking about the best way to manage large voxel worlds. As it is a true 3D world, where a block can exist in any part of the world, it is basically a big 3D array [x][y][z], where each block in the world has a type (i.e BlockType.Empty = 0, BlockType.Dirt = 1 etc.) Now, I am assuming to make this sort of world perform well you would need to: A) Use a tree of some variety (oct/kd/bsp) to split all the cubes out; it seems like an oct/kd would be the better option as you can just partition on a per cube level not a per triangle level. B) Use some algorithm to work out which blocks can currently be seen, as blocks closer to the user could obfuscate the blocks behind, making it pointless to render them. C) Keep the block object themselves lightweight, so it is quick to add and remove them from the trees. I guess there is no right answer to this, but I would be interested to see peoples' opinions on the subject. How would you improve performance in a large voxel-based world?

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• Why the clip space in OpenGL has 4 dimensions?

  - by user827992

  I will use this as a generic reference, but the more i browser online docs and books, the less i understand about this. const float vertexPositions[] = { 0.75f, 0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, }; in this online book there is an example about how to draw the first and classic hello world for OpenGL about making a triangle. The vertex structure for the triangle is declared as stated in the code above. The book, as all the other sources about this, stress the point that the Clip Space is a 4D structure that is used to basically decide what will be rasterized and rendered to the screen. Here I have my questions: i can't imagine something in 4D, i don't think that a human can do that, what is a 4D for this Clip space ? the most human-readable doc that i have read speaks about a camera, which is just an abstraction over the clipping concept, and i get that, the problem is, why not using the concept of a camera in the first place which is a more familiar 3D structure? The only problem with the concept of a camera is that you need to define the prospective in other way and so you basically have to add another statement about what kind of camera you wish to have. How i'm supposed to read this 0.75f, 0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f ? All i get is that they are all float values and i get the meaning of the first 3 values, what does it mean the last one?

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• most efficient AABB vs Ray collision algorithms

  - by Asher Einhorn

  Is there a known 'most efficient' algorithm for AABB vs Ray collision detection? I recently stumbled accross Arvo's AABB vs Sphere collision algorithm, and I am wondering if there is a similarly noteworthy algorithm for this. One must have condition for this algorithm is that I need to have the option of querying the result for the distance from the ray's origin to the point of collision. having said this, if there is another, faster algorithm which does not return distance, then in addition to posting one that does, also posting that algorithm would be very helpful indeed. Please also state what the function's return argument is, and how you use it to return distance or a 'no-collision' case. For example, does it have an out parameter for the distance as well as a bool return value? or does it simply return a float with the distance, vs a value of -1 for no collision? (For those that don't know: AABB = Axis Aligned Bounding Box)

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• Control convention for circular movement?

  - by Christian

  I'm currently doing a kind of training project in Unity (still a beginner). It's supposed to be somewhat like Breakout, but instead of just going left and right I want the paddle to circle around the center point. This is all fine and dandy, but the problem I have is: how do you control this with a keyboard or gamepad? For touch and mouse control I could work around the problem by letting the paddle follow the cursor/finger, but with the other control methods I'm a bit stumped. With a keyboard for example, I could either make it so that the Left arrow always moves the paddle clockwise (it starts at the bottom of the circle), or I could link it to the actual direction - meaning that if the paddle is at the bottom, it goes left and up along the circle or, if it's in the upper hemisphere, it moves left and down, both times toward the outer left point of the circle. Both feel kind of weird. With the first one, it can be counter intuitive to press Left to move the paddle right when it's in the upper area, while in the second method you'd need to constantly switch buttons to keep moving. So, long story short: is there any kind of existing standard, convention or accepted example for this type of movement and the corresponding controls? I didn't really know what to google for (control conventions for circular movement was one of the searches I tried, but it didn't give me much), and I also didn't really find anything about this on here. If there is a Question that I simply didn't see, please excuse the duplicate.

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• Resolving a collision between point and moving line

  - by Conundrumer

  I am designing a 2d physics engine that uses Verlet integration for moving points (velocities mentioned below can be derived), constraints to represent moving line segments, and continuous collision detection to resolve collisions between moving points and static lines, and collisions between moving/static points and moving lines. I already know how to calculate the Time of Impact for both types of collision events, and how to resolve moving point static line collisions. However, I can't figure out how to resolve moving/static point moving line collisions. Here are the initial conditions in a point and moving line collision event. We have a line segment joined by two points, A and B. At this instant, point P is touching/colliding with line AB. These points have unit mass and some might have an initial velocity, unless point P is static. The line is massless and has no explicit rotational component, since points A and B could freely move around, extending or contracting the line as a result (which will be fixed later by the constraint solver). Collision is inelastic. What are the final velocities of the points after collision?

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• Deferred contexts and inheriting state from the immediate context

  - by dreijer

  I took my first stab at using deferred contexts in DirectX 11 today. Basically, I created my deferred context using CreateDeferredContext() and then drew a simple triangle strip with it. Early on in my test application, I call OMSetRenderTargets() on the immediate context in order to render to the swap chain's back buffer. Now, after having read the documentation on MSDN about deferred contexts, I assumed that calling ExecuteCommandList() on the immediate context would execute all of the deferred commands as "an extension" to the commands that had already been executed on the immediate context, i.e. the triangle strip I rendered in the deferred context would be rendered to the swap chain's back buffer. That didn't seem to be the case, however. Instead, I had to manually pull out the immediate context's render target (using OMGetRenderTargets()) and then set it on the deferred context with OMSetRenderTargets(). Am I doing something wrong or is that the way deferred contexts work?

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• Rotating a cube using jBullet collisions

  - by Kenneth Bray

  How would one go about rotating/flipping a cube with the physics of jBullet? Here is my Draw method for my cube object: public void Draw() { // center point posX, posY, posZ float radius = .25f;//size / 2; glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); //top { glColor3f(5.0f,1.0f,5.0f); // white glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); } //bottom { glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // ?? color glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); } //right side { glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // ?? color glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); } //left side { glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,1.0f); // ?? color glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); } //front side { glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // blue glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); } //back side { glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // green glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); Update(); } This is my update method for the cube position: public void Update() { Transform trans = new Transform(); cubeRigidBody.getMotionState().getWorldTransform(trans); posX = trans.origin.x; posY = trans.origin.y; posZ = trans.origin.z; Quat4f outRot = new Quat4f(); trans.getRotation(outRot); rotX = outRot.x; rotY = outRot.y; rotZ = outRot.z; rotW = outRot.w; } I am assuming I need to use glrotatef, but it does not seem to work at all when I try that.. this is how I have tried to rotate the cubes: GL11.glRotatef(rotW, rotX, 0.0f, 0.0f); GL11.glRotatef(rotW, 0.0f, rotY, 0.0f); GL11.glRotatef(rotW, 0.0f, 0.0f, rotZ);

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• Character Jump Control

  - by Abdullah Sorathia

  I would like to know how can I control the jump movement of a character in Unity3D. Basically I am trying to program the jump in such a way that while a jump is in progress the character is allowed to move either left or right in mid-air when the corresponding keys are pressed. With my script the character will correctly move to the left when, for example, the left key is pressed, but when the right key is pressed afterwards, the character moves to the right before the movement to the left is completed. Following is the script: void Update () { if(touchingPlatform && Input.GetButtonDown("Jump")){ rigidbody.AddForce(jumpVelocity, ForceMode.VelocityChange); touchingPlatform = false; isJump=true; } //left & right movement Vector3 moveDir = Vector3.zero; if(Input.GetKey ("right")||Input.GetKey ("left")){ moveDir.x = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"); // get result of AD keys in X if(ShipCurrentSpeed==0) { transform.position += moveDir * 3f * Time.deltaTime; }else if(ShipCurrentSpeed<=15) { transform.position += moveDir * ShipCurrentSpeed * 2f * Time.deltaTime; }else { transform.position += moveDir * 30f * Time.deltaTime; } }

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• why would you use textures that are not a power of 2?

  - by Will

  In the early days of OpenGL and DirectX, it was required that textures were powers of two. This meant that interpolation of float values could be done very quickly using shifting and such. Since OpenGL 2.0, and preceding that via an extension, non-power-of-two texture dimensions has been supported. Are there performance advantages to sticking to power-of-two textures on modern integrated and discrete GPUs? What advantages do non-power-of-two textures have, if any? Are there large populations of desktop users who don't have cards that support non-power-of-two textures?

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• how does the rectangle bounds (x,y,width,height) in libgdx work

  - by JG22

  I cant work out how to use the rectangle bounds in libgdx I am currently using the superJumper example and have 2or 3 examples with that are pause Bounds = new Rectangle(320 - 64, 480 - 64, 64, 64); this is the pause button in the top right corner resume Bounds = new Rectangle(160 - 96, 240, 192, 36); this is a rectangle resume button in the middle of the page in the menu that comes up when the pause button is pressed. basically my question is aimed at the 360 -64 and 160 -96 because I don't know why this is used I need to create a rectangle that covers the left side of the screen and the same on the right because I want to create a on screen buttons, I have already created the does for these buttons and I have managed to get them to work but I can move the rectangles to where I want. Thank you If you can help

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• Omni-directional light shadow mapping with cubemaps in WebGL

  - by Winged

  First of all I must say, that I have read a lot of posts describing an usage of cubemaps, but I'm still confused about how to use them. My goal is to achieve a simple omni-directional (point) light type shading in my WebGL application. I know that there is a lot more techniques (like using Two-Hemispheres or Camera Space Shadow Mapping) which are way more efficient, but for an educational purpose cubemaps are my primary goal. Till now, I have adapted a simple shadow mapping which works with spotlights (with one exception: I don't know how to cut off the glitchy part beyond the reach of a single shadow map texture): glitchy shadow mapping<<< So for now, this is how I understand the usage of cubemaps in shadow mapping: Setup a framebuffer (in case of cubemaps - 6 framebuffers; 6 instead of 1 because every usage of framebufferTexture2D slows down an execution which is nicely described here <<<) and a texture cubemap. Also in WebGL depth components are not well supported, so I need to render it to RGBA first. this.texture = gl.createTexture(); gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, this.texture); gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR); gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.LINEAR); for (var face = 0; face < 6; face++) gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + face, 0, gl.RGBA, this.size, this.size, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, null); gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, null); this.framebuffer = []; for (face = 0; face < 6; face++) { this.framebuffer[face] = gl.createFramebuffer(); gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, this.framebuffer[face]); gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + face, this.texture, 0); gl.framebufferRenderbuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, gl.RENDERBUFFER, this.depthbuffer); var e = gl.checkFramebufferStatus(gl.FRAMEBUFFER); // Check for errors if (e !== gl.FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) throw "Cubemap framebuffer object is incomplete: " + e.toString(); } Setup the light and the camera (I'm not sure if should I store all of 6 view matrices and send them to shaders later, or is there a way to do it with just one view matrix). Render the scene 6 times from the light's position, each time in another direction (X, -X, Y, -Y, Z, -Z) for (var face = 0; face < 6; face++) { gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, shadow.buffer.framebuffer[face]); gl.viewport(0, 0, shadow.buffer.size, shadow.buffer.size); gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); camera.lookAt( light.position.add( cubeMapDirections[face] ) ); scene.draw(shadow.program); } In a second pass, calculate the projection a a current vertex using light's projection and view matrix. Now I don't know If should I calculate 6 of them, because of 6 faces of a cubemap. ScaleMatrix pushes the projected vertex into the 0.0 - 1.0 region. vDepthPosition = ScaleMatrix * uPMatrixFromLight * uVMatrixFromLight * vWorldVertex; In a fragment shader calculate the distance between the current vertex and the light position and check if it's deeper then the depth information read from earlier rendered shadow map. I know how to do it with a 2D Texture, but I have no idea how should I use cubemap texture here. I have read that texture lookups into cubemaps are performed by a normal vector instead of a UV coordinate. What vector should I use? Just a normalized vector pointing to the current vertex? For now, my code for this part looks like this (not working yet): float shadow = 1.0; vec3 depth = vDepthPosition.xyz / vDepthPosition.w; depth.z = length(vWorldVertex.xyz - uLightPosition) * linearDepthConstant; float shadowDepth = unpack(textureCube(uDepthMapSampler, vWorldVertex.xyz)); if (depth.z > shadowDepth) shadow = 0.5; Could you give me some hints or examples (preferably in WebGL code) how I should build it?

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• How to get a point to the left/right of a vector

  - by MulletDevil

  I have a position vector of a point in space and a quaternion for it's rotation. What i'm trying to calculate is a point too the left and a point to the right. I have the position and rotation(quaternion) of the red dot. What I want is to get the position of the green dots. I have a float value for the distance I want these points to be. With only the position and rotation is it possible to get a unit direction vector pointing left/right which I can multiply by my float value? Edit: I also know the original direction vector.

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