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• What algorithms are suitable for this simple machine learning problem?

  - by user213060

  I have a what I think is a simple machine learning question. Here is the basic problem: I am repeatedly given a new object and a list of descriptions about the object. For example: new_object: 'bob' new_object_descriptions: ['tall','old','funny']. I then have to use some kind of machine learning to find previously handled objects that had similar descriptions, for example, past_similar_objects: ['frank','steve','joe']. Next, I have an algorithm that can directly measure whether these objects are indeed similar to bob, for example, correct_objects: ['steve','joe']. The classifier is then given this feedback training of successful matches. Then this loop repeats with a new object. a Here's the pseudo-code: Classifier=new_classifier() while True: new_object,new_object_descriptions = get_new_object_and_descriptions() past_similar_objects = Classifier.classify(new_object,new_object_descriptions) correct_objects = calc_successful_matches(new_object,past_similar_objects) Classifier.train_successful_matches(object,correct_objects) But, there are some stipulations that may limit what classifier can be used: There will be millions of objects put into this classifier so classification and training needs to scale well to millions of object types and still be fast. I believe this disqualifies something like a spam classifier that is optimal for just two types: spam or not spam. (Update: I could probably narrow this to thousands of objects instead of millions, if that is a problem.) Again, I prefer speed when millions of objects are being classified, over accuracy. What are decent, fast machine learning algorithms for this purpose?

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• Multi choice form field in Django

  - by Dingo

  Hi! I'am developing application on app-engine-path. I would like to make form with multichoice (acceptably languages for user). Code look like this: Language settings: settings.LANGUAGES = ((u"cs", u"Ceština"), (u"en", u"English")) Form model: class UserForm(forms.ModelForm): first_name = forms.CharField(max_length=100) last_name = forms.CharField(max_length=100) languages = forms.MultipleChoiceField(widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, choices=settings.LANGUAGES) The form is rendered o.k. (all languages have checkbox. IDs, NAMEs is ok.) But if I save some languages for user, those languages don't check checkboxes. User model look like this class User(User): #... languages = db.StringListProperty() #... and view: def edit_profile(request): user = request.user if request.method == 'POST': form = UserForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): # ... else: form = UserForm(instance=user) data = {"user":user, "form": form} return render_to_response(request, 'user_profile/user_profile.html', data)

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• Cookies with urllib

  - by CMC

  This will probably seem like a really simple question, and I am quite confused as to why this is so difficult for me. I would like to write a function that takes three inputs: [url, data, cookies] that will use urllib (not urllib2) to get the contents of the requested url. I figured it'd be simple, so I wrote the following: def fetch(url, data = None, cookies = None): if isinstance(data, dict): data = urllib.urlencode(data) if isinstance(cookies, dict): # TODO: find a better way to do this cookies = "; ".join([str(key) + "=" + str(cookies[key]) for key in cookies]) opener = urllib.FancyURLopener() opener.addheader("Cookie", cookies) obj = opener.open(url, data) result = obj.read() obj.close() return result This doesn't work, as far as I can tell (can anyone confirm that?) and I'm stumped.

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• Django models avaoid duplicates

  - by Hulk

  In models, class Getdata(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=255) state = models.CharField(max_length=2, choices=STATE, default="0") name = models.ForeignKey(School) created_by = models.ForeignKey(profile) def __unicode__(self): return self.id() In templates <form> <input type="submit" save the data/> </form> If the user clicks on the save button and the above data is saved in the table how to avoid the duplicates,i.e, if the user again clicks on the same submit button there should not be another entry for the same values.Or is it some this that has to be handeled in views Thanks..

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• Problem trying to achieve a join using the `comments` contrib in Django

  - by NiKo

  Hi, Django rookie here. I have this model, comments are managed with the django_comments contrib: class Fortune(models.Model): author = models.CharField(max_length=45, blank=False) title = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=False) slug = models.SlugField(_('slug'), db_index=True, max_length=255, unique_for_date='pub_date') content = models.TextField(blank=False) pub_date = models.DateTimeField(_('published date'), db_index=True, default=datetime.now()) votes = models.IntegerField(default=0) comments = generic.GenericRelation( Comment, content_type_field='content_type', object_id_field='object_pk' ) I want to retrieve Fortune objects with a supplementary nb_comments value for each, counting their respectve number of comments ; I try this query: >>> Fortune.objects.annotate(nb_comments=models.Count('comments')) From the shell: >>> from django_fortunes.models import Fortune >>> from django.db.models import Count >>> Fortune.objects.annotate(nb_comments=Count('comments')) [<Fortune: My first fortune, from NiKo>, <Fortune: Another One, from Dude>, <Fortune: A funny one, from NiKo>] >>> from django.db import connection >>> connection.queries.pop() {'time': '0.000', 'sql': u'SELECT "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", "django_fortunes_fortune"."slug", "django_fortunes_fortune"."content", "django_fortunes_fortune"."pub_date", "django_fortunes_fortune"."votes", COUNT("django_comments"."id") AS "nb_comments" FROM "django_fortunes_fortune" LEFT OUTER JOIN "django_comments" ON ("django_fortunes_fortune"."id" = "django_comments"."object_pk") GROUP BY "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", "django_fortunes_fortune"."slug", "django_fortunes_fortune"."content", "django_fortunes_fortune"."pub_date", "django_fortunes_fortune"."votes" LIMIT 21'} Below is the properly formatted sql query: SELECT "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", "django_fortunes_fortune"."slug", "django_fortunes_fortune"."content", "django_fortunes_fortune"."pub_date", "django_fortunes_fortune"."votes", COUNT("django_comments"."id") AS "nb_comments" FROM "django_fortunes_fortune" LEFT OUTER JOIN "django_comments" ON ("django_fortunes_fortune"."id" = "django_comments"."object_pk") GROUP BY "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", "django_fortunes_fortune"."slug", "django_fortunes_fortune"."content", "django_fortunes_fortune"."pub_date", "django_fortunes_fortune"."votes" LIMIT 21 Can you spot the problem? Django won't LEFT JOIN the django_comments table with the content_type data (which contains a reference to the fortune one). This is the kind of query I'd like to be able to generate using the ORM: SELECT "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", COUNT("django_comments"."id") AS "nb_comments" FROM "django_fortunes_fortune" LEFT OUTER JOIN "django_comments" ON ("django_fortunes_fortune"."id" = "django_comments"."object_pk") LEFT OUTER JOIN "django_content_type" ON ("django_comments"."content_type_id" = "django_content_type"."id") GROUP BY "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", "django_fortunes_fortune"."slug", "django_fortunes_fortune"."content", "django_fortunes_fortune"."pub_date", "django_fortunes_fortune"."votes" LIMIT 21 But I don't manage to do it, so help from Django veterans would be much appreciated :) Hint: I'm using Django 1.2-DEV Thanks in advance for your help.

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• How To Create Per-Request Singleton in Pylons?

  - by dave mankoff

  In our Pylons based web-app, we're creating a class that essentially provides some logging functionality. We need a new instance of this class for each http request that comes in, but only one per request. What is the proper way to go about this? Should we just create the object in middleware and store in in request.environ? Is there a more appropriate way to go about this?

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• Searching text for geonames

  - by Vojtech R.

  Hi, which part of huge package nltk I must study and use, if I need mark geonames in text?

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• Socket Lose Connection

  - by Dave Dixon

  I know Twisted can do this well but what about just plain socket? How'd you tell if you randomly lost your connection in socket? Like, If my internet was to go out of a second and come back on.

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• Comparing two large sets of attributes

  - by andyashton

  Suppose you have a Django view that has two functions: The first function renders some XML using a XSLT stylesheet and produces a div with 1000 subelements like this: <div id="myText"> <p id="p1"><a class="note-p1" href="#" style="display:none" target="bot">?</a></strong>Lorem ipsum</p> <p id="p2"><a class="note-p2" href="#" style="display:none" target="bot">?</a></strong>Foo bar</p> <p id="p3"><a class="note-p3" href="#" style="display:none" target="bot">?</a></strong>Chocolate peanut butter</p> (etc for 1000 lines) <p id="p1000"><a class="note-p1000" href="#" style="display:none" target="bot">?</a></strong>Go Yankees!</p> </div> The second function renders another XML document using another stylesheet to produce a div like this: <div id="myNotes"> <p id="n1"><cite class="note-p1">¹<span>Trololo</span></cite></p> <p id="n2"><cite class="note-p1">²<span>Trololo</span></cite></p> <p id="n3"><cite class="note-p2">³<span>lololo</span></cite></p> (etc for n lines) <p id="n"><cite class="note-p885">ⁿ<span>lololo</span></cite></p> </div> I need to see which elements in #myText have classes that match elements in #myNotes, and display them. I can do this using the following jQuery: $('#myText').find('a').each(function() { var $anchor = $(this); $('#myNotes').find('cite').each(function() { if($(this).attr('class') == $anchor.attr('class')) { $anchor.show(); }); }); However this is incredibly slow and inefficient for a large number of comparisons. What is the fastest/most efficient way to do this - is there a jQuery/js method that is reasonable for a large number of items? Or do I need to reengineer the Django code to do the work before passing it to the template?

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• how to load an image to a grid using pygame, instead of just using a fill color?

  - by yao jiang

  I am trying to create a "map of a city" using pygame. I want to be able to put images of buildings in specific grid coords rather than just filling them in with a color. This is how I am creating this map grid: def clear(): for r in range(rows): for c in range(rows): if r%3 == 1 and c%3 == 1: color = brown; grid[r][c] = 1; else: color = white; grid[r][c] = 0; pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, [(margin+width)*c+margin, (margin+height)*r+margin, width, height]) pygame.display.flip(); Now how do I put images of buildings in those brown colored grids at those specific locations? I've tried some of the samples online but can't seem to get them to work. Any help is appreciated. If anyone have a good source for free sprites that I can use for pygame, please let me know. Thanks!

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• store/load numpy array from binary files

  - by Javier

  Dear all, I would like to store and load numpy arrays from binary files. For that purposes, I created two small functions. Each binary file should contain the dimensionality of the given matrix. def saveArrayToFile(data, fileName): with open(fileName, 'w') as file: a = array.array('f') nSamples, ndim = data.shape a.extend([nSamples, ndim]) # write number of elements and dimensions a.fromstring(data.tostring()) a.tofile(file) def readArrayFromFile(fileName): _featDesc = np.fromfile(fileName, 'f') _ndesc = int(_featDesc[0]) _ndim = int(_featDesc[1]) _featDesc = _featDesc[2:] _featDesc = _featDesc.reshape([_ndesc, _ndim]) return _featDesc, _ndesc, _ndim An example on how to use the functions is: myarr=np.array([[7, 4],[3, 9],[1, 3]]) saveArrayToFile(myarr,'myfile.txt') _featDesc, _ndesc, _ndim = readArrayFromFile('myfile.txt') However, an error message of 'ValueError: total size of new array must be unchanged' is shown. My arrays can be of size MxN and MxM. Any suggestions are more than welcomed. I think the problem might be in the saveArrayToFile function. Best wishes, Javier

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• Pretty-printing of numpy.array

  - by camillio

  Hello, I'm curious, whether there is any way to print formated numpy.arrays, e.g., in the way similar to this: x = 1.23456 print '%.3f' % x If I want to print the numpy.array of floats, it prints several decimals, often in 'scientific' format, which is rather hard to read even for low-dimensional arrays. However, numpy.array apparently has to be printed as a string, i.e., with %s. Is there any solution ready for this purpose? Many thanks in advance :-)

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• PGU Tiles collision detection

  - by user280454

  Hi, I've been using PGU(Phil's Pygame Utilities) for a while. It has a dictionary called tdata, which is passed as an argument while loading tiles tdata = { tileno:(agroup, hit_handler, config)} I'm making a pacman clone in which I have 2 groups : player and ghost, for which I want to collision detection with the same type of tile. For example, if the tile no is 2, I want this tile to have agroups as both player and ghost. I tried doing the following: tdata = {0x02 :('player', tile_hit_1, config), 0x02 : ('ghost', tile_hit_2, config)} However, on doing this, it only gives collision detection for ghost, not the player. Any ideas on how I can do collision detection for both the player and the ghost with the same type of tile?

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• How to chroot Django

  - by Brian M. Hunt

  Can one run Django in a chroot? Notably, what's necessary in order to set up (for example) /var/www as a chroot'd directory and then have Django run in that chroot'd directory? Thank you - I'm grateful for any input.

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• GAE Datastore Table Display using JSON and Google Visualization Table?

  - by Ivan Slaughter

  GAE Datastore Table Display using JSON and Google Visualization Table? Anyone has experience on this? How Google Visualization Table will render pagination with JSON? Really need an example on how to do this or another solution on achieving same result? I just want to render my table just like this sample using above methode and source. Thx

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• Iterating through nested dictionaries

  - by Framester

  I want to write an iterator for my 'toy' Trie implementation. Adding already works like this: class Trie: def __init__(self): self.root = dict() pass def add(self, string, value): global nops current_dict = self.root for letter in s: nops += 1 current_dict = current_dict.setdefault(letter, {}) current_dict = current_dict.setdefault('value', value) pass The output of the adding looks like that: trie = Trie() trie.add("hello",1) trie.add("world",2) trie.add("worlds",12) print trie.root {'h': {'e': {'l': {'l': {'o': {'value': 1}}}}}, 'w': {'o': {'r': {'l': {'d': {'s': {'value': 2}, 'value': 2}}}}}} I know, that I need a __iter__ and next method. def __iter__(self): self.root.__iter__() pass def next(self): print self.root.next() But AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'next'. How should I do it? [Update] In the perfect world I would like the output to be one dict with all the words/entries with their corresponding values.

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• Pylons/Routes Did url_for() change within templates?

  - by Charles Merram

  I'm getting an error: GenerationException: url_for could not generate URL. Called with args: () {} from this line of a mako template: <p>Your url is ${h.url_for()}</p> Over in my helpers.py, I do have: from routes import url_for Looking at the Routes-1.12.1-py2.6.egg/routes/util.py, I seem to go wrong about line it calls _screenargs(). This is simple functionality from the Pylons book. What silly thing am I doing wrong? Was there a new url_current()? Where?

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• How hard is it to modify the Django Models?

  - by alex

  I am doing geolocation, and Django does not have a PointField. So, I am forced to writing in RAW SQL. GeoDjango, the Django library, does not support the following query for MYSQL databases (can someone verify that for me?) cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM l_tag WHERE\ (GLength(LineStringFromWKB(LineString(asbinary(utm),asbinary(PointFromWKB(point(%s, %s)))))) < %s + accuracy + %s)\ I don't nkow why GeoDjango library cannot do this in MYSQL database. I hate writing RAW SQL for calculating distances between two points. Is there a way I can create my own library for Django that can handle this? If so, how hard is it?

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• Django TestCase testing order

  - by ziang

  If there are several methods in the test class, I found that the order to execute is alphabetical. But I want to customize the order of execution. How to define the execution order? For example: testTestA will be loaded first than testTestB. class Test(TestCase): def setUp(self): ... def testTestB(self): #test code def testTestA(self): #test code

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• Good IronPython Book?

  - by George

  Hello guys, Does anyone know a good IronPython book?

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• Math on Django Templates

  - by Leandro Abilio

  Here's another question about Django. I have this code: views.py cursor = connections['cdr'].cursor() calls = cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM cdr where calldate > '%s'" %(start_date)) result = [SQLRow(cursor, r) for r in cursor.fetchall()] return render_to_response("cdr_user.html", {'calls':result }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) I use a MySQL query like that because the database is not part of a django project. My cdr table has a field called duration, I need to divide that by 60 and multiply the result by a float number like 0.16. Is there a way to multiply this values using the template tags? If not, is there a good way to do it in my views? My template is like this: {% for call in calls %} <tr class="{% cycle 'odd' 'even' %}"><h3> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.calldate }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.disposition }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.dst }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.billsec }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center">{{ (call.billsec/60)*0.16 }}</td></h3> </tr> {% endfor %} The last is where I need to show the value, I know the "(call.billsec/60)*0.16" is impossible to be done there. I wrote it just to represent what I need to show.

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• How to list directory hierarchy in PyGTK treeview widget?

  - by lyrae

  I am trying to generate a hierarchical directory listing in pyGTK. Currently, I have this following directory tree: /root folderA - subdirA - subA.py - a.py folderB - b.py I have written a function that -almost- seem to work: def go(root, piter = None): for filename in os.listdir(root): isdir = os.path.isdir(os.path.join(root, filename)) piter = self.treestore.append(piter, [filename]) if isdir == True: go(os.path.join(root, filename), piter) This is what i get when i run the app: I also think my function is inefficient and that i should be using os.walk(), since it already exists for such purpose. How can I, and what is the proper/most efficient way of generating a directory tree with pyGTK?

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• Add data to Django form class using modelformset_factory

  - by dean

  I have a problem where I need to display a lot of forms for detail data for a hierarchical data set. I want to display some relational fields as labels for the forms and I'm struggling with a way to do this in a more robust way. Here is the code... class Category(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=160) class Item(models.Model): category = models.ForeignKey('Category') name = models.CharField(max_length=160) weight = models.IntegerField(default=0) class Meta: ordering = ('category','weight','name') class BudgetValue(models.Model): value = models.IntegerField() plan = models.ForeignKey('Plan') item = models.ForeignKey('Item') I use the modelformset_factory to create a formset of budgetvalue forms for a particular plan. What I'd like is item name and category name for each BudgetValue. When I iterate through the forms each one will be labeled properly. class BudgetValueForm(forms.ModelForm): item = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Item.objects.all(),widget=forms.HiddenInput()) plan = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Plan.objects.all(),widget=forms.HiddenInput()) category = "" < assign dynamically on form creation > item = "" < assign dynamically on form creation > class Meta: model = BudgetValue fields = ('item','plan','value') What I started out with is just creating a dictionary of budgetvalue.item.category.name, budgetvalue.item.name, and the form for each budget value. This gets passed to the template and I render it as I intended. I'm assuming that the ordering of the forms in the formset and the querset used to genererate the formset keep the budgetvalues in the same order and the dictionary is created correctly. That is the budgetvalue.item.name is associated with the correct form. This scares me and I'm thinking there has to be a better way. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Authkit - deferring action for HTTP '401' response to client application

  - by jon

  Form, Redirect and Forward all send an unauthenticated user to a Form on a login page specified within an Authkit middleware application. I'd like to allow a client application to request a service via XHR and then present a custom 'client side' form if a HTTP status code of 401 is returned, which would then post to Authkit for authentication until valid authentication/authorization occured. Specifically, 1) a jquery $.get request might request a resource. 2) if an Authkit cookie check confirmed previous authorization the content would be returned. 3) if not I would like Authkit to simply return the '401 response' (and not redirect to another page, or return a form template) where a client side exception handler would notify the user and present an authentication form. Can Authkit work like this?

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• find the colour name from a hexadecimal colour code

  - by sree01

  Hi , i want to find the name of a colour from the hexadecimal colour code. When i get a hex colour code i want to find the most matching colour name. for example for the code #c06040 , how to find out if it is a shade of brown, blue or yellow ?. so that i can find the colour of an object in the image without human intervention. Is there any relation between the hexadecimal code of the shades of a colour? please give some sample code if there is any.

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