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• Problem trying to achieve a join using the `comments` contrib in Django

  - by NiKo

  Hi, Django rookie here. I have this model, comments are managed with the django_comments contrib: class Fortune(models.Model): author = models.CharField(max_length=45, blank=False) title = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=False) slug = models.SlugField(_('slug'), db_index=True, max_length=255, unique_for_date='pub_date') content = models.TextField(blank=False) pub_date = models.DateTimeField(_('published date'), db_index=True, default=datetime.now()) votes = models.IntegerField(default=0) comments = generic.GenericRelation( Comment, content_type_field='content_type', object_id_field='object_pk' ) I want to retrieve Fortune objects with a supplementary nb_comments value for each, counting their respectve number of comments ; I try this query: >>> Fortune.objects.annotate(nb_comments=models.Count('comments')) From the shell: >>> from django_fortunes.models import Fortune >>> from django.db.models import Count >>> Fortune.objects.annotate(nb_comments=Count('comments')) [<Fortune: My first fortune, from NiKo>, <Fortune: Another One, from Dude>, <Fortune: A funny one, from NiKo>] >>> from django.db import connection >>> connection.queries.pop() {'time': '0.000', 'sql': u'SELECT "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", "django_fortunes_fortune"."slug", "django_fortunes_fortune"."content", "django_fortunes_fortune"."pub_date", "django_fortunes_fortune"."votes", COUNT("django_comments"."id") AS "nb_comments" FROM "django_fortunes_fortune" LEFT OUTER JOIN "django_comments" ON ("django_fortunes_fortune"."id" = "django_comments"."object_pk") GROUP BY "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", "django_fortunes_fortune"."slug", "django_fortunes_fortune"."content", "django_fortunes_fortune"."pub_date", "django_fortunes_fortune"."votes" LIMIT 21'} Below is the properly formatted sql query: SELECT "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", "django_fortunes_fortune"."slug", "django_fortunes_fortune"."content", "django_fortunes_fortune"."pub_date", "django_fortunes_fortune"."votes", COUNT("django_comments"."id") AS "nb_comments" FROM "django_fortunes_fortune" LEFT OUTER JOIN "django_comments" ON ("django_fortunes_fortune"."id" = "django_comments"."object_pk") GROUP BY "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", "django_fortunes_fortune"."slug", "django_fortunes_fortune"."content", "django_fortunes_fortune"."pub_date", "django_fortunes_fortune"."votes" LIMIT 21 Can you spot the problem? Django won't LEFT JOIN the django_comments table with the content_type data (which contains a reference to the fortune one). This is the kind of query I'd like to be able to generate using the ORM: SELECT "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", COUNT("django_comments"."id") AS "nb_comments" FROM "django_fortunes_fortune" LEFT OUTER JOIN "django_comments" ON ("django_fortunes_fortune"."id" = "django_comments"."object_pk") LEFT OUTER JOIN "django_content_type" ON ("django_comments"."content_type_id" = "django_content_type"."id") GROUP BY "django_fortunes_fortune"."id", "django_fortunes_fortune"."author", "django_fortunes_fortune"."title", "django_fortunes_fortune"."slug", "django_fortunes_fortune"."content", "django_fortunes_fortune"."pub_date", "django_fortunes_fortune"."votes" LIMIT 21 But I don't manage to do it, so help from Django veterans would be much appreciated :) Hint: I'm using Django 1.2-DEV Thanks in advance for your help.

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• Iterating through nested dictionaries

  - by Framester

  I want to write an iterator for my 'toy' Trie implementation. Adding already works like this: class Trie: def __init__(self): self.root = dict() pass def add(self, string, value): global nops current_dict = self.root for letter in s: nops += 1 current_dict = current_dict.setdefault(letter, {}) current_dict = current_dict.setdefault('value', value) pass The output of the adding looks like that: trie = Trie() trie.add("hello",1) trie.add("world",2) trie.add("worlds",12) print trie.root {'h': {'e': {'l': {'l': {'o': {'value': 1}}}}}, 'w': {'o': {'r': {'l': {'d': {'s': {'value': 2}, 'value': 2}}}}}} I know, that I need a __iter__ and next method. def __iter__(self): self.root.__iter__() pass def next(self): print self.root.next() But AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'next'. How should I do it? [Update] In the perfect world I would like the output to be one dict with all the words/entries with their corresponding values.

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• Django models avaoid duplicates

  - by Hulk

  In models, class Getdata(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=255) state = models.CharField(max_length=2, choices=STATE, default="0") name = models.ForeignKey(School) created_by = models.ForeignKey(profile) def __unicode__(self): return self.id() In templates <form> <input type="submit" save the data/> </form> If the user clicks on the save button and the above data is saved in the table how to avoid the duplicates,i.e, if the user again clicks on the same submit button there should not be another entry for the same values.Or is it some this that has to be handeled in views Thanks..

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• Math on Django Templates

  - by Leandro Abilio

  Here's another question about Django. I have this code: views.py cursor = connections['cdr'].cursor() calls = cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM cdr where calldate > '%s'" %(start_date)) result = [SQLRow(cursor, r) for r in cursor.fetchall()] return render_to_response("cdr_user.html", {'calls':result }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) I use a MySQL query like that because the database is not part of a django project. My cdr table has a field called duration, I need to divide that by 60 and multiply the result by a float number like 0.16. Is there a way to multiply this values using the template tags? If not, is there a good way to do it in my views? My template is like this: {% for call in calls %} <tr class="{% cycle 'odd' 'even' %}"><h3> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.calldate }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.disposition }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.dst }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.billsec }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center">{{ (call.billsec/60)*0.16 }}</td></h3> </tr> {% endfor %} The last is where I need to show the value, I know the "(call.billsec/60)*0.16" is impossible to be done there. I wrote it just to represent what I need to show.

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• Multi choice form field in Django

  - by Dingo

  Hi! I'am developing application on app-engine-path. I would like to make form with multichoice (acceptably languages for user). Code look like this: Language settings: settings.LANGUAGES = ((u"cs", u"Ceština"), (u"en", u"English")) Form model: class UserForm(forms.ModelForm): first_name = forms.CharField(max_length=100) last_name = forms.CharField(max_length=100) languages = forms.MultipleChoiceField(widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, choices=settings.LANGUAGES) The form is rendered o.k. (all languages have checkbox. IDs, NAMEs is ok.) But if I save some languages for user, those languages don't check checkboxes. User model look like this class User(User): #... languages = db.StringListProperty() #... and view: def edit_profile(request): user = request.user if request.method == 'POST': form = UserForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): # ... else: form = UserForm(instance=user) data = {"user":user, "form": form} return render_to_response(request, 'user_profile/user_profile.html', data)

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• is it possible to control the windows of an external app

  - by ali

  I want to take the control of the window for exmple i want to force to external app to start minimized I mean when i enter this command myapp Firefox Firefox starts but minimized firefox is not important I mean i want to do it with any gui application If yes can any body show me the way?

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• Socket Lose Connection

  - by Dave Dixon

  I know Twisted can do this well but what about just plain socket? How'd you tell if you randomly lost your connection in socket? Like, If my internet was to go out of a second and come back on.

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• Pretty-printing of numpy.array

  - by camillio

  Hello, I'm curious, whether there is any way to print formated numpy.arrays, e.g., in the way similar to this: x = 1.23456 print '%.3f' % x If I want to print the numpy.array of floats, it prints several decimals, often in 'scientific' format, which is rather hard to read even for low-dimensional arrays. However, numpy.array apparently has to be printed as a string, i.e., with %s. Is there any solution ready for this purpose? Many thanks in advance :-)

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• How To Create Per-Request Singleton in Pylons?

  - by dave mankoff

  In our Pylons based web-app, we're creating a class that essentially provides some logging functionality. We need a new instance of this class for each http request that comes in, but only one per request. What is the proper way to go about this? Should we just create the object in middleware and store in in request.environ? Is there a more appropriate way to go about this?

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• How to chroot Django

  - by Brian M. Hunt

  Can one run Django in a chroot? Notably, what's necessary in order to set up (for example) /var/www as a chroot'd directory and then have Django run in that chroot'd directory? Thank you - I'm grateful for any input.

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• Searching text for geonames

  - by Vojtech R.

  Hi, which part of huge package nltk I must study and use, if I need mark geonames in text?

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• PyML 0.7.2 - How to prevent accuracy from dropping after storing/loading a classifier?

  - by Michael Aaron Safyan

  This is a followup from "Save PyML.classifiers.multi.OneAgainstRest(SVM()) object?". The solution to that question was close, but not quite right, (the SparseDataSet is broken, so attempting to save/load with that dataset container type will fail, no matter what. Also, PyML is inconsistent in terms of whether labels should be numbers or strings... it turns out that the oneAgainstRest function is actually not good enough, because the labels need to be strings and simultaneously convertible to floats, because there are places where it is assumed to be a string and elsewhere converted to float) and so after a great deal of hacking and such I was finally able to figure out a way to save and load my multi-class classifier without it blowing up with an error.... however, although it is no longer giving me an error message, it is still not quite right as the accuracy of the classifier drops significantly when it is saved and then reloaded (so I'm still missing a piece of the puzzle). I am currently using the following custom mutli-class classifier for training, saving, and loading: class SVM(object): def __init__(self,features_or_filename,labels=None,kernel=None): if isinstance(features_or_filename,str): filename=features_or_filename; if labels!=None: raise ValueError,"Labels must be None if loading from a file."; with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"rb") as uniquelabelsfile: self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(pickle.load(uniquelabelsfile)))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; self.classifiers=[]; for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers.append(PyML.classifiers.svm.loadSVM(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm"),datasetClass = PyML.VectorDataSet)); else: features=features_or_filename; if labels==None: raise ValueError,"Labels must not be None when training."; self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(labels))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; points = [[float(xij) for xij in xi] for xi in features]; self.classifiers=[PyML.SVM(kernel) for label in self.uniquelabels]; for i in xrange(len(self.uniquelabels)): currentlabel=self.uniquelabels[i]; currentlabels=['+1' if k==currentlabel else '-1' for k in labels]; currentdataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(points,L=currentlabels,positiveClass='+1'); self.classifiers[i].train(currentdataset,saveSpace=False); def accuracy(self,pts,labels): logger=logging.getLogger("ml"); correct=0; total=0; classindexes=[self.labeltoindex[label] for label in labels]; h=self.hypotheses(pts); for idx in xrange(len(pts)): if h[idx]==classindexes[idx]: logger.info("RIGHT: Actual \"%s\" == Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])); correct+=1; else: logger.info("WRONG: Actual \"%s\" != Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])) total+=1; return float(correct)/float(total); def prediction(self,pt): h=self.hypothesis(pt); if h!=None: return self.uniquelabels[h]; return h; def predictions(self,pts): h=self.hypotheses(self,pts); return [self.uniquelabels[x] if x!=None else None for x in h]; def hypothesis(self,pt): bestvalue=None; bestclass=None; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet([pt]); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,0); if (bestvalue==None) or (val>bestvalue): bestvalue=val; bestclass=classidx; return bestclass; def hypotheses(self,pts): bestvalues=[None for pt in pts]; bestclasses=[None for pt in pts]; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(pts); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): for ptidx in xrange(len(pts)): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,ptidx); if (bestvalues[ptidx]==None) or (val>bestvalues[ptidx]): bestvalues[ptidx]=val; bestclasses[ptidx]=classidx; return bestclasses; def save(self,filename): if not os.path.exists(filename): os.makedirs(filename); with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"wb") as uniquelabelsfile: pickle.dump(self.uniquelabels,uniquelabelsfile,pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL); for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers[classidx].save(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm")); I am using the latest version of PyML (0.7.2, although PyML.__version__ is 0.7.0). When I construct the classifier with a training dataset, the reported accuracy is ~0.87. When I then save it and reload it, the accuracy is less than 0.001. So, there is something here that I am clearly not persisting correctly, although what that may be is completely non-obvious to me. Would you happen to know what that is?

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• Pylons/Routes Did url_for() change within templates?

  - by Charles Merram

  I'm getting an error: GenerationException: url_for could not generate URL. Called with args: () {} from this line of a mako template: <p>Your url is ${h.url_for()}</p> Over in my helpers.py, I do have: from routes import url_for Looking at the Routes-1.12.1-py2.6.egg/routes/util.py, I seem to go wrong about line it calls _screenargs(). This is simple functionality from the Pylons book. What silly thing am I doing wrong? Was there a new url_current()? Where?

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• GAE Datastore Table Display using JSON and Google Visualization Table?

  - by Ivan Slaughter

  GAE Datastore Table Display using JSON and Google Visualization Table? Anyone has experience on this? How Google Visualization Table will render pagination with JSON? Really need an example on how to do this or another solution on achieving same result? I just want to render my table just like this sample using above methode and source. Thx

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• how to load an image to a grid using pygame, instead of just using a fill color?

  - by yao jiang

  I am trying to create a "map of a city" using pygame. I want to be able to put images of buildings in specific grid coords rather than just filling them in with a color. This is how I am creating this map grid: def clear(): for r in range(rows): for c in range(rows): if r%3 == 1 and c%3 == 1: color = brown; grid[r][c] = 1; else: color = white; grid[r][c] = 0; pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, [(margin+width)*c+margin, (margin+height)*r+margin, width, height]) pygame.display.flip(); Now how do I put images of buildings in those brown colored grids at those specific locations? I've tried some of the samples online but can't seem to get them to work. Any help is appreciated. If anyone have a good source for free sprites that I can use for pygame, please let me know. Thanks!

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• PGU Tiles collision detection

  - by user280454

  Hi, I've been using PGU(Phil's Pygame Utilities) for a while. It has a dictionary called tdata, which is passed as an argument while loading tiles tdata = { tileno:(agroup, hit_handler, config)} I'm making a pacman clone in which I have 2 groups : player and ghost, for which I want to collision detection with the same type of tile. For example, if the tile no is 2, I want this tile to have agroups as both player and ghost. I tried doing the following: tdata = {0x02 :('player', tile_hit_1, config), 0x02 : ('ghost', tile_hit_2, config)} However, on doing this, it only gives collision detection for ghost, not the player. Any ideas on how I can do collision detection for both the player and the ghost with the same type of tile?

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• Sqlite / SQLAlchemy: how to enforce Foreign Keys?

  - by Nick Perkins

  The new version of SQLite has the ability to enforce Foreign Key constraints, but for the sake of backwards-compatibility, you have to turn it on for each database connection separately! sqlite> PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON; I am using SQLAlchemy -- how can I make sure this always gets turned on? What I have tried is this: engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=True) engine.execute('pragma foreign_keys=on') ...but it is not working!...What am I missing?

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• Django TestCase testing order

  - by ziang

  If there are several methods in the test class, I found that the order to execute is alphabetical. But I want to customize the order of execution. How to define the execution order? For example: testTestA will be loaded first than testTestB. class Test(TestCase): def setUp(self): ... def testTestB(self): #test code def testTestA(self): #test code

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• Add data to Django form class using modelformset_factory

  - by dean

  I have a problem where I need to display a lot of forms for detail data for a hierarchical data set. I want to display some relational fields as labels for the forms and I'm struggling with a way to do this in a more robust way. Here is the code... class Category(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=160) class Item(models.Model): category = models.ForeignKey('Category') name = models.CharField(max_length=160) weight = models.IntegerField(default=0) class Meta: ordering = ('category','weight','name') class BudgetValue(models.Model): value = models.IntegerField() plan = models.ForeignKey('Plan') item = models.ForeignKey('Item') I use the modelformset_factory to create a formset of budgetvalue forms for a particular plan. What I'd like is item name and category name for each BudgetValue. When I iterate through the forms each one will be labeled properly. class BudgetValueForm(forms.ModelForm): item = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Item.objects.all(),widget=forms.HiddenInput()) plan = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Plan.objects.all(),widget=forms.HiddenInput()) category = "" < assign dynamically on form creation > item = "" < assign dynamically on form creation > class Meta: model = BudgetValue fields = ('item','plan','value') What I started out with is just creating a dictionary of budgetvalue.item.category.name, budgetvalue.item.name, and the form for each budget value. This gets passed to the template and I render it as I intended. I'm assuming that the ordering of the forms in the formset and the querset used to genererate the formset keep the budgetvalues in the same order and the dictionary is created correctly. That is the budgetvalue.item.name is associated with the correct form. This scares me and I'm thinking there has to be a better way. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• find the colour name from a hexadecimal colour code

  - by sree01

  Hi , i want to find the name of a colour from the hexadecimal colour code. When i get a hex colour code i want to find the most matching colour name. for example for the code #c06040 , how to find out if it is a shade of brown, blue or yellow ?. so that i can find the colour of an object in the image without human intervention. Is there any relation between the hexadecimal code of the shades of a colour? please give some sample code if there is any.

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• Authkit - deferring action for HTTP '401' response to client application

  - by jon

  Form, Redirect and Forward all send an unauthenticated user to a Form on a login page specified within an Authkit middleware application. I'd like to allow a client application to request a service via XHR and then present a custom 'client side' form if a HTTP status code of 401 is returned, which would then post to Authkit for authentication until valid authentication/authorization occured. Specifically, 1) a jquery $.get request might request a resource. 2) if an Authkit cookie check confirmed previous authorization the content would be returned. 3) if not I would like Authkit to simply return the '401 response' (and not redirect to another page, or return a form template) where a client side exception handler would notify the user and present an authentication form. Can Authkit work like this?

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• How to list directory hierarchy in PyGTK treeview widget?

  - by lyrae

  I am trying to generate a hierarchical directory listing in pyGTK. Currently, I have this following directory tree: /root folderA - subdirA - subA.py - a.py folderB - b.py I have written a function that -almost- seem to work: def go(root, piter = None): for filename in os.listdir(root): isdir = os.path.isdir(os.path.join(root, filename)) piter = self.treestore.append(piter, [filename]) if isdir == True: go(os.path.join(root, filename), piter) This is what i get when i run the app: I also think my function is inefficient and that i should be using os.walk(), since it already exists for such purpose. How can I, and what is the proper/most efficient way of generating a directory tree with pyGTK?

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• Using numpy.apply

  - by andylei

  What's wrong with this snippet of code? import numpy as np from scipy import stats d = np.arange(10.0) cutoffs = [stats.scoreatpercentile(d, pct) for pct in range(0, 100, 20)] f = lambda x: np.sum(x > cutoffs) fv = np.vectorize(f) # why don't these two lines output the same values? [f(x) for x in d] # => [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5] fv(d) # => array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) Any ideas?

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• PyDev and Django: Autocomplete not detecting Django?

  - by Rosarch

  I'm using PyDev with Django. The autocomplete works nicely in the shell - I start typing, and it suggests completions. However, this doesn't work in the main code editor window. How can I fix this? I'm using: Eclipse build #20100218-1602 PyDev 1.5.6 Eclipse IDE for Java Devs 1.2.2

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• How can I conditionally only log something if it's a certain Class?

  - by BryanWheelock

  Something like this: if self.class == "User": logging.debug("%s non_pks were found" % (str(len(non_pks))) ) In [2]: user = User.objects.get(pk=1) In [3]: user.class Out[3]: In [4]: if user.class == 'django.contrib.auth.models.User': print "yes" ...: In [5]: user.class == 'django.contrib.auth.models.User' Out[5]: False In [6]: user.class == 'User' Out[6]: False In [7]: user.class == "" Out[7]: False

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