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  • How Can I Improve This Card-Game AI?

    - by James Burgess
    Let me get this out there before anything else: this is a learning exercise for me. I am not a game developer by trade or hobby (at least, not seriously) and am purely delving into some AI- and 3D-related topics to broaden my horizons a bit. As part of the learning experience, I thought I'd have a go at developing a basic card game AI. I selected Pit as the card game I was going to attempt to emulate (specifically, the 'bull and bear' variation of the game as mentioned in the link above). Unfortunately, the rule-set that I'm used to playing with (an older version of the game) isn't described. The basics of it are: The number of commodities played with is equal to the number of players. The bull and bear cards are included. All but two players receive 8 cards, two receive 9 cards. A player can win the round with 7 + bull, 8, or 8 + bull (receiving double points). The bear is a penalty card. You can trade up to a maximum of 4 cards at a time. They must all be of the same type, but can optionally include the bull or bear (so, you could trade A, A, A, Bull - but not A, B, A, Bull). For those who have played the card game, it will probably have been as obvious to you as it was to me that given the nature of the game, gameplay would seem to resemble a greedy algorithm. With this in mind, I thought it might simplify my AI experience somewhat. So, here's what I've come up with for a basic AI player to play Pit... and I'd really just like any form of suggestion (from improvements to reading materials) relating to it. Here it is in something vaguely pseudo-code-ish ;) While AI does not hold 7 similar + bull, 8 similar, or 8 similar + bull, do: 1. Establish 'target' hand, by seeing which card AI holds the most of. 2. Prepare to trade next-most-numerous card type in a trade (max. held, or 4, whichever is fewer) 3. If holding the bear, add to (if trading <=3 cards) or replace in (if trading 4 cards) hand. 4. Offer cards for trade. 5. If cards are accepted for trade within X turns, continue (clearing 'failed card types'). Otherwise: a. If only one card remains in the trade, go to #6. Otherwise: i. Remove one non-penalty card from the trade. ii. Return to #5. 6. Add card type to temporary list of failed card types. 7. Repeat from #2 (excluding 'failed card types'). I'm aware this is likely to be a sub-optimal way of solving the problem, but that's why I'm posting this question. Are there any AI- or algorithm-related concepts that I've missed and should be incorporating to make a better AI? Additionally, what are the flaws with my AI at present (I'm well aware it's probably far from complete)? Thanks in advance!

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  • Eliminate delay between looping XNA songs?

    - by Stephane Beniak
    I'm making a game with XNA and trying to get some background music to loop correctly. Because the file is an MP3 of about 30 seconds in length, I instantiated it as a Song. I want it to loop perfectly, but even when I set the MediaPlayer.IsRepeating property to true, there is always a delay of about one second before the song starts up again. Is there any way to eliminate this delay such that the song loops instantly, so it can play more fluently?

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  • Andengine put bullet to pull, when it leaves screen

    - by Ashot
    i'm creating a bullet with physics body. Bullet class (extends Sprite class) has die() method, which unregister physics connector, hide sprite and put it in pull public void die() { Log.d("bulletDie", "See you in hell!"); if (this.isVisible()) { this.setVisible(false); mPhysicsWorld.unregisterPhysicsConnector(physicsConnector); physicsConnector.setUpdatePosition(false); body.setActive(false); this.setIgnoreUpdate(true); bulletsPool.recyclePoolItem(this); } } in onUpdate method of PhysicsConnector i executes die method, when sprite leaves screen physicsConnector = new PhysicsConnector(this,body,true,false) { @Override public void onUpdate(final float pSecondsElapsed) { super.onUpdate(pSecondsElapsed); if (!camera.isRectangularShapeVisible(_bullet)) { Log.d("bulletDie","Dead?"); _bullet.die(); } } }; it works as i expected, but _bullet.die() executes TWICE. what i`m doing wrong and is it right way to hide sprites? here is full code of Bullet class (it is inner class of class that represents player) private class Bullet extends Sprite implements PhysicsConstants { private final Body body; private final PhysicsConnector physicsConnector; private final Bullet _bullet; private int id; public Bullet(float x, float y, ITextureRegion texture, VertexBufferObjectManager vertexBufferObjectManager) { super(x,y,texture,vertexBufferObjectManager); _bullet = this; id = bulletId++; body = PhysicsFactory.createCircleBody(mPhysicsWorld, this, BodyDef.BodyType.DynamicBody, bulletFixture); physicsConnector = new PhysicsConnector(this,body,true,false) { @Override public void onUpdate(final float pSecondsElapsed) { super.onUpdate(pSecondsElapsed); if (!camera.isRectangularShapeVisible(_bullet)) { Log.d("bulletDie","Dead?"); Log.d("bulletDie",id+""); _bullet.die(); } } }; mPhysicsWorld.registerPhysicsConnector(physicsConnector); $this.getParent().attachChild(this); } public void reset() { final float angle = canon.getRotation(); final float x = (float) ((Math.cos(MathUtils.degToRad(angle))*radius) + centerX) / PIXEL_TO_METER_RATIO_DEFAULT; final float y = (float) ((Math.sin(MathUtils.degToRad(angle))*radius) + centerY) / PIXEL_TO_METER_RATIO_DEFAULT; this.setVisible(true); this.setIgnoreUpdate(false); body.setActive(true); mPhysicsWorld.registerPhysicsConnector(physicsConnector); body.setTransform(new Vector2(x,y),0); } public Body getBody() { return body; } public void setLinearVelocity(Vector2 velocity) { body.setLinearVelocity(velocity); } public void die() { Log.d("bulletDie", "See you in hell!"); if (this.isVisible()) { this.setVisible(false); mPhysicsWorld.unregisterPhysicsConnector(physicsConnector); physicsConnector.setUpdatePosition(false); body.setActive(false); this.setIgnoreUpdate(true); bulletsPool.recyclePoolItem(this); } } }

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  • How to draw image in memory manually in pyglet?

    - by Mossen
    In pyglet, I want to create an image buffer in memory, then set the bytes manually, then draw it. I tried making a 3x3 red square like this in my draw() function: imageData = pyglet.image.ImageData(3, 3, 'RGB', [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]) imageData.blit(10, 10) ...but at runtime, Python complains: ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 9: <type 'exceptions.TypeError'>: wrong type Is this the right approach? Am I missing a step? How can I fix this?

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  • Shadow mapping with deffered shading for directional lights - shadow map projection problem

    - by Harry
    I'm trying to implement shadow mapping to my engine. I started with directional lights because they seemed to be the easiest one, but I was wrong :) I have implemented deferred shading and I retrieve position from depth. I think that there is the biggest problem but code looks ok for me. Now more about problem: Shadow map projected onto meshes looks bad scaled and translated and also some informations from shadow map texture aren't visible. You can see it on this screen: http://img5.imageshack.us/img5/2254/93dn.png Yelow frustum is light frustum and I have mixed shadow map preview and actual scene. As you can see shadows are in wrong place and shadow of cone and sphere aren't visible. Could you look at my codes and tell me where I have a mistake? // create shadow map if(!_shd)glGenTextures(1, &_shd); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, _shd); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, 1024, 1024, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT,NULL); // shadow map size glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, _shd, 0); glDrawBuffer(GL_NONE); // setting camera Vector dire=Vector(0,0,1); ACamera.setLookAt(dire,Vector(0)); ACamera.setPerspectiveView(60.0f,1,0.1f,10.0f); // currently needed for proper frustum corners calculation Vector min(ACamera._point[0]),max(ACamera._point[0]); for(int i=0;i<8;i++){ max=Max(max,ACamera._point[i]); min=Min(min,ACamera._point[i]); } ACamera.setOrthogonalView(min.x,max.x,min.y,max.y,-max.z,-min.z); glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, _s_buffer); // framebuffer for shadow map // rendering to depth buffer glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, _g_buffer); Shaders["DirLight"].set(true); Matrix4 bias; bias.x.set(0.5,0.0,0.0,0.0); bias.y.set(0.0,0.5,0.0,0.0); bias.z.set(0.0,0.0,0.5,0.0); bias.w.set(0.5,0.5,0.5,1.0); Shaders["DirLight"].set("textureMatrix",ACamera.matrix*Projection3D*bias); // order of multiplications are 100% correct, everything gives mi the same result as using glm glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE5); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,_shd); lightDir(dir); // light calculations Vertex Shader makes nothing related to shadow calculatons Pixel shader function which calculates if pixel is in shadow or not: float readShadowMap(vec3 eyeDir) { // retrieve depth of pixel float z = texture2D(depth, gl_FragCoord.xy/screen).z; vec3 pos = vec3(gl_FragCoord.xy/screen, z); // transform by the projection and view inverse vec4 worldSpace = inverse(View)*inverse(ProjectionMatrix)*vec4(pos*2-1,1); worldSpace /= worldSpace.w; vec4 coord=textureMatrix*worldSpace; float vis=1.0f; if(texture2D(shadow, coord.xy).z < coord.z-0.001)vis=0.2f; return vis; } I also have question about shadows specifically for directional light. Currently I always look at 0,0,0 position and in further implementation I have to move light frustum along to camera frustum. I've found how to do this here: http://www.gamedev.net/topic/505893-orthographic-projection-for-shadow-mapping/ but it doesn't give me what I want. Maybe because of problems mentioned above, but I want know your opinion. EDIT: vec4 worldSpace is position read from depht of the scene (not shadow map). Maybe I wasn't precise so I'll try quick explain what is what: View is camera view matrix, ProjectionMatrix is camera projection,. First I try to get world space position from depth map and then multiply it by textureMatrix which is light view *light projection*bias. Rest of code is the same as in many tutorials. I can't use vertex shader to make something like gl_Position=textureMatrix*gl_Vertex and get it interpolated in fragment shader because of deffered rendering use so I want get it from depht buffer. EDIT2: I also tried make it as in Coding Labs tutorial about Shadow Mapping with Deferred Rendering but unfortunately this either works wrong.

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  • Where do I place XNA content pipeline references?

    - by Zabby Wabby
    I am relatively new to XNA, and have started to delve into the use of the content pipeline. I have already figured out that tricky issue of adding a game library containing classes for any type of .xml file I want to read. Here's the issue. I am trying to handle the reading of all XML content through use of an XMLHandler object that uses the intermediate deserializer. Any time reading of such data is required, the appropriate method within this object would be called. So, as a simple example, something like this would occur when a character levels: public Spell LevelUp(int levelAchived) { XMLHandler.FindSkillsForLevel(levelAchived); } This method would then read the proper .xml file, sending back the spell for the character to learn. However, the XMLHandler is having issues even being created. I cannot get it to use the using namespace of Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline. I get an error on my using statement in the XMLHandler class: using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Serialization.Intermediate; The error is a typical reference error: Type or namespace name "'Pipeline' does not exist in the namespace 'Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content' (are you missing an assembly reference?)" I THINK this is because this namespace is already referenced in my game's content. I would really have no issue placing this object within my game's content (since that is ALL it deals with anyways), but the Content project does not seem capable of holding anything but content files. In summary, I need to use the Intermediate Deserializer in my main project's logic, but, as far as I can make out, I can't safely reference the associated namespace for it outside of the game's content. I'm not a terribly well-versed programmer, so I may be just missing some big detail I've never learned here. How can I make this object accessible for all projects within the solution? I will gladly post more information if needed!

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  • LWJGL SlickUtil Texture Binding

    - by Matthew Dockerty
    I am making a 3D game using LWJGL and I have a texture class with static variables so that I only need to load textures once, even if I need to use them more than once. I am using Slick Util for this. When I bind a texture it works fine, but then when I try to render something else after I have rendered the model with the texture, the texture is still being bound. How do I unbind the texture and set the rendermode to the one that was in use before any textures were bound? Some of my code is below. The problem I am having is the player texture is being used in the box drawn around the player after it the model has been rendered. Model.java public class Model { public List<Vector3f> vertices = new ArrayList<Vector3f>(); public List<Vector3f> normals = new ArrayList<Vector3f>(); public ArrayList<Vector2f> textureCoords = new ArrayList<Vector2f>(); public List<Face> faces = new ArrayList<Face>(); public static Model TREE; public static Model PLAYER; public static void loadModels() { try { TREE = OBJLoader.loadModel(new File("assets/model/tree_pine_0.obj")); PLAYER = OBJLoader.loadModel(new File("assets/model/player.obj")); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void render(Vector3f position, Vector3f scale, Vector3f rotation, Texture texture, float shinyness) { glPushMatrix(); { texture.bind(); glColor3f(1, 1, 1); glTranslatef(position.x, position.y, position.z); glScalef(scale.x, scale.y, scale.z); glRotatef(rotation.x, 1, 0, 0); glRotatef(rotation.y, 0, 1, 0); glRotatef(rotation.z, 0, 0, 1); glMaterialf(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, shinyness); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); { for (Face face : faces) { Vector2f t1 = textureCoords.get((int) face.textureCoords.x - 1); glTexCoord2f(t1.x, t1.y); Vector3f n1 = normals.get((int) face.normal.x - 1); glNormal3f(n1.x, n1.y, n1.z); Vector3f v1 = vertices.get((int) face.vertex.x - 1); glVertex3f(v1.x, v1.y, v1.z); Vector2f t2 = textureCoords.get((int) face.textureCoords.y - 1); glTexCoord2f(t2.x, t2.y); Vector3f n2 = normals.get((int) face.normal.y - 1); glNormal3f(n2.x, n2.y, n2.z); Vector3f v2 = vertices.get((int) face.vertex.y - 1); glVertex3f(v2.x, v2.y, v2.z); Vector2f t3 = textureCoords.get((int) face.textureCoords.z - 1); glTexCoord2f(t3.x, t3.y); Vector3f n3 = normals.get((int) face.normal.z - 1); glNormal3f(n3.x, n3.y, n3.z); Vector3f v3 = vertices.get((int) face.vertex.z - 1); glVertex3f(v3.x, v3.y, v3.z); } texture.release(); } glEnd(); } glPopMatrix(); } } Textures.java public class Textures { public static Texture FLOOR; public static Texture PLAYER; public static Texture SKYBOX_TOP; public static Texture SKYBOX_BOTTOM; public static Texture SKYBOX_FRONT; public static Texture SKYBOX_BACK; public static Texture SKYBOX_LEFT; public static Texture SKYBOX_RIGHT; public static void loadTextures() { try { FLOOR = TextureLoader.getTexture("PNG", new FileInputStream(new File("assets/model/floor.png"))); FLOOR.setTextureFilter(GL11.GL_NEAREST); PLAYER = TextureLoader.getTexture("PNG", new FileInputStream(new File("assets/model/tree_pine_0.png"))); PLAYER.setTextureFilter(GL11.GL_NEAREST); SKYBOX_TOP = TextureLoader.getTexture("PNG", new FileInputStream(new File("assets/textures/skybox_top.png"))); SKYBOX_TOP.setTextureFilter(GL11.GL_NEAREST); SKYBOX_BOTTOM = TextureLoader.getTexture("PNG", new FileInputStream(new File("assets/textures/skybox_bottom.png"))); SKYBOX_BOTTOM.setTextureFilter(GL11.GL_NEAREST); SKYBOX_FRONT = TextureLoader.getTexture("PNG", new FileInputStream(new File("assets/textures/skybox_front.png"))); SKYBOX_FRONT.setTextureFilter(GL11.GL_NEAREST); SKYBOX_BACK = TextureLoader.getTexture("PNG", new FileInputStream(new File("assets/textures/skybox_back.png"))); SKYBOX_BACK.setTextureFilter(GL11.GL_NEAREST); SKYBOX_LEFT = TextureLoader.getTexture("PNG", new FileInputStream(new File("assets/textures/skybox_left.png"))); SKYBOX_LEFT.setTextureFilter(GL11.GL_NEAREST); SKYBOX_RIGHT = TextureLoader.getTexture("PNG", new FileInputStream(new File("assets/textures/skybox_right.png"))); SKYBOX_RIGHT.setTextureFilter(GL11.GL_NEAREST); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } Player.java public class Player { private Vector3f position; private float yaw; private float moveSpeed; public Player(float x, float y, float z, float yaw, float moveSpeed) { this.position = new Vector3f(x, y, z); this.yaw = yaw; this.moveSpeed = moveSpeed; } public void update() { if (Keyboard.isKeyDown(Keyboard.KEY_W)) walkForward(moveSpeed); if (Keyboard.isKeyDown(Keyboard.KEY_S)) walkBackwards(moveSpeed); if (Keyboard.isKeyDown(Keyboard.KEY_A)) strafeLeft(moveSpeed); if (Keyboard.isKeyDown(Keyboard.KEY_D)) strafeRight(moveSpeed); if (Mouse.isButtonDown(0)) yaw += Mouse.getDX(); LowPolyRPG.getInstance().getCamera().setPosition(-position.x, -position.y, -position.z); LowPolyRPG.getInstance().getCamera().setYaw(yaw); } public void walkForward(float distance) { position.setX(position.getX() + distance * (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(yaw))); position.setZ(position.getZ() - distance * (float) Math.cos(Math.toRadians(yaw))); } public void walkBackwards(float distance) { position.setX(position.getX() - distance * (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(yaw))); position.setZ(position.getZ() + distance * (float) Math.cos(Math.toRadians(yaw))); } public void strafeLeft(float distance) { position.setX(position.getX() + distance * (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(yaw - 90))); position.setZ(position.getZ() - distance * (float) Math.cos(Math.toRadians(yaw - 90))); } public void strafeRight(float distance) { position.setX(position.getX() + distance * (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(yaw + 90))); position.setZ(position.getZ() - distance * (float) Math.cos(Math.toRadians(yaw + 90))); } public void render() { Model.PLAYER.render(new Vector3f(position.x, position.y + 12, position.z), new Vector3f(3, 3, 3), new Vector3f(0, -yaw + 90, 0), Textures.PLAYER, 128); GL11.glPushMatrix(); GL11.glTranslatef(position.getX(), position.getY(), position.getZ()); GL11.glRotatef(-yaw, 0, 1, 0); GL11.glScalef(5.8f, 21, 2.2f); GL11.glDisable(GL11.GL_LIGHTING); GL11.glLineWidth(3); GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_LINE_STRIP); GL11.glColor3f(1, 1, 1); glVertex3f(1f, 0f, -1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 0f, -1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 1f, -1f); glVertex3f(1f, 1f, -1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 0f, 1f); glVertex3f(1f, 0f, 1f); glVertex3f(1f, 1f, 1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 1f, 1f); glVertex3f(1f, 1f, -1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 1f, -1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 1f, 1f); glVertex3f(1f, 1f, 1f); glVertex3f(1f, 0f, 1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 0f, 1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 0f, -1f); glVertex3f(1f, 0f, -1f); glVertex3f(1f, 0f, 1f); glVertex3f(1f, 0f, -1f); glVertex3f(1f, 1f, -1f); glVertex3f(1f, 1f, 1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 0f, -1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 0f, 1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 1f, 1f); glVertex3f(-1f, 1f, -1f); GL11.glEnd(); GL11.glEnable(GL11.GL_LIGHTING); GL11.glPopMatrix(); } public Vector3f getPosition() { return new Vector3f(-position.x, -position.y, -position.z); } public float getX() { return position.getX(); } public float getY() { return position.getY(); } public float getZ() { return position.getZ(); } public void setPosition(Vector3f position) { this.position = position; } public void setPosition(float x, float y, float z) { this.position.setX(x); this.position.setY(y); this.position.setZ(z); } } Thanks for the help.

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  • Problem with AssetManager while loading a Model type

    - by user1204548
    Today I've tried the AssetManager for the first time with .g3db files and I'm having some problems. Exception in thread "LWJGL Application" com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Couldn't load dependencies of asset: data/data at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetManager.handleTaskError(AssetManager.java:508) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetManager.update(AssetManager.java:342) at com.lostchg.martagdx3d.MartaGame.render(MartaGame.java:78) at com.badlogic.gdx.Game.render(Game.java:46) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication.mainLoop(LwjglApplication.java:207) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication$1.run(LwjglApplication.java:114) Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Couldn't load dependencies of asset: data/data at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetLoadingTask.handleAsyncLoader(AssetLoadingTask.java:119) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetLoadingTask.update(AssetLoadingTask.java:89) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetManager.updateTask(AssetManager.java:445) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetManager.update(AssetManager.java:340) ... 4 more Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Couldn't load file: data/data at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.async.AsyncResult.get(AsyncResult.java:31) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetLoadingTask.handleAsyncLoader(AssetLoadingTask.java:117) ... 7 more Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Couldn't load file: data/data at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Pixmap.<init>(Pixmap.java:140) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.loaders.TextureLoader.loadAsync(TextureLoader.java:72) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.loaders.TextureLoader.loadAsync(TextureLoader.java:41) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetLoadingTask.call(AssetLoadingTask.java:69) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetLoadingTask.call(AssetLoadingTask.java:34) at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.async.AsyncExecutor$2.call(AsyncExecutor.java:49) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: File not found: data\data (Internal) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.read(FileHandle.java:132) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.length(FileHandle.java:586) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.readBytes(FileHandle.java:220) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Pixmap.<init>(Pixmap.java:137) ... 9 more Why it tries to load that unexisting file? It seems that the AssetManager manages to load my .g3db file at first, because earlier the java console threw some errors related to the textures associated to the 3D scene having to be a power of 2. Relevant code: public void show() { ... assets = new AssetManager(); assets.load("data/levelprueba2.g3db", Model.class); loading = true; ... } private void doneLoading() { Model model = assets.get("data/levelprueba2.g3db", Model.class); for (int i = 0; i < model.nodes.size; i++) { String id = model.nodes.get(i).id; ModelInstance instance = new ModelInstance(model, id); Node node = instance.getNode(id); instance.transform.set(node.globalTransform); node.translation.set(0,0,0); node.scale.set(1,1,1); node.rotation.idt(); instance.calculateTransforms(); instances.add(instance); } loading = false; } public void render(float delta) { super.render(delta); if (loading && assets.update()) doneLoading(); ... } The error points to the line with the assets.update() method. Please, help! Sorry for my bad English and my amateurish doubts.

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  • Hide collision layer in libgdx with TiledMap?

    - by Daniel Jonsson
    I'm making a 2D game with libgdx, and I'm using its TileMapRenderer to render my map which I have made in the map editor Tiled. In Tiled I have a dedicated collision layer. However, I can't figure out how I'm supposed to hide it and its tiles in the game. This is how a map is loaded: TiledMap map = TiledLoader.createMap(Gdx.files.internal("maps/map.tmx")); TileAtlas atlas = new TileAtlas(map, Gdx.files.internal("maps")); tileMapRenderer = new TileMapRenderer(map, atlas, 32, 32); Currently the collision tiles are rendered on top of everything else, as I see them in the map editor.

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  • 2D Side Scrolling game and "walk over ground" collision detection

    - by Fire-Dragon-DoL
    The question is not hard, I'm writing a game engine for 2D side scrolling games, however I'm thinking to my 2D side scrolling game and I always come up with the problem of "how should I do collision with the ground". I think I couldn't handle the collision with ground (ground for me is "where the player walk", so something heavily used) in a per-pixel way, and I can't even do it with simple shape comparison (because the ground can be tilted), so what's the correct way? I'know what tiles are and i've read about it, but how much should be big each tile to not appear like a stairs?Are there any other approach? I watched this game and is very nice how he walks on ground: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DmSAQwbbig8&feature=player_embedded If there are "platforms" in mid air, how should I handle them?I can walk over them but I can't pass "inside". Imagine a platform in mid air, it allows you to walk over it but limit you because you can't jump in the area she fits Sorry for my english, it's not my native language and this topic has a lot of keywords I don't know so I have to use workarounds Thanks for any answer Additional informations and suggestions: I'm doing a game course in this period and I asked them how to do this, they suggested me this approach (a QuadTree): -All map is divided into "big nodes" -Each bigger node has sub nodes, to find where the player is -You can find player's node with a ray on player position -When you find the node where the player is, you can do collision check through all pixels (which can be 100-200px nothing more) Here is an example, however i didn't show very well the bigger nodes because i'm not very good with photoshop :P How is this approach?

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  • Interpolate air drag for my game?

    - by Valentin Krummenacher
    So I have a little game which works with small steps, however those steps vary in time, so for example I sometimes have 10 Steps/second and then I have 20 Steps/second. This changes automatically depending on how many steps the user's computer can take. To avoid inaccurate positioning of the game's player object I use y=v0*dt+g*dt^2/2 to determine my objects y-position, where dt is the time since the last step, v0 is the velocity of my object in the beginning of my step and g is the gravity. To calculate the velocity in the end of a step I use v=v0+g*dt what also gives me correct results, independent of whether I use 2 steps with a dt of for example 20ms or one step with a dt of 40ms. Now I would like to introduce air drag. For simplicity's sake I use a=k*v^2 where a is the air drag's acceleration (I am aware that it would usually result in a force, but since I assume 1kg for my object's mass the force is the same as the resulting acceleration), k is a constant (in this case I'm using 0.001) and v is the speed. Now in an infinitely small time interval a is k multiplied by the velocity in this small time interval powered by 2. The problem is that v in the next time interval would depend on the drag of the last which again depends on the v of the last interval and so on... In other words: If I use a=k*v^2 I get different results for my position/velocity when I use 2 steps of 20ms than when I use one step of 40ms. I used to have this problem for my position too, but adding +g*dt^2/2 to the formula for my position fixed the problem since it takes into account that the position depends on the velocity which changes slightly in every infinitely small time interval. Does something like that exist for air drag too? And no, I dont mean anything like Adding air drag to a golf ball trajectory equation or similar, for that kind of method only gives correct results when all my steps are the same. (I hope you can understand my intermediate english, it's not my main language so I would like to say sorry for all the silly mistakes I might have made in my question)

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  • How can I fit a rectangle to an irregular shape?

    - by Anil gupta
    I used masking for breaking an image into the below pattern. Now that it's broken into different pieces I need to make a rectangle of each piece. I need to drag the broken pieces and adjust to the correct position so I can reconstruct the image. To drag and put at the right position I need to make the pieces rectangles but I am not getting the idea of how to make rectangles out of these irregular shapes. How can I make rectangles for manipulating these pieces? This is a follow up to my previous question.

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  • Dealing with "jumping" sprites: badly centered?

    - by GigaBass
    Thing is, I've used darkFunction Editor as a way to get all the spriteCoordinates off a spriteSheet for each individual sprite, and parse the .xml it generates inside my game. It all works fine, except when the sprites are all similarly sized, but when a sprite changes from a small sprite into a big one, such as here: When from walking from some direction, to attacking, it starts "jumping", appearing glitchy, because it's not staying in the same correct position, only doing so for the right attacking sprite, due to the drawing being made from the lower left part of the rectangle. I think someone experienced will immediately recognize the problem I mean, if not, when I return home soon, I will shoot a little youtube video demonstrating the issue! So the question is: what possible solutions are there? I've thought that some sort of individual frame "offset" system might be the answer, or perhaps splitting, in this case, the sprite in 2: the sword, and the character itself, and draw sword according to character's facing, but that might be overly complex. Another speculation would be that there might be some sort of method in LibGdx, the library I'm using, that allows me to change the drawing center (which I looked for and didn't find), so I could choose from where the drawing starts.

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  • Driver error when using multiple shaders

    - by Jinxi
    I'm using 3 different shaders: a tessellation shader to use the tessellation feature of DirectX11 :) a regular shader to show how it would look without tessellation and a text shader to display debug-info such as FPS, model count etc. All of these shaders are initialized at the beginning. Using the keyboard, I can switch between the tessellation shader and regular shader to render the scene. Additionally, I also want to be able toggle the display of debug-info using the text shader. Since implementing the tessellation shader the text shader doesn't work anymore. When I activate the DebugText (rendered using the text-shader) my screens go black for a while, and Windows displays the following message: Display Driver stopped responding and has recovered This happens with either of the two shaders used to render the scene. Additionally: I can start the application using the regular shader to render the scene and then switch to the tessellation shader. If I try to switch back to the regular shader I get the same error as with the text shader. What am I doing wrong when switching between shaders? What am I doing wrong when displaying text at the same time? What file can I post to help you help me? :) thx P.S. I already checked if my keyinputs interrupt at the wrong time (during render or so..), but that seems to be ok Testing Procedure Regular Shader without text shader Add text shader to Regular Shader by keyinput (works now, I built the text shader back to only vertex and pixel shader) (somthing with the z buffer is stil wrong...) Remove text shader, then change shader to Tessellation Shader by key input Then if I add the Text Shader or switch back to the Regular Shader Switching/Render Shader Here the code snipet from the Renderer.cpp where I choose the Shader according to the boolean "m_useTessellationShader": if(m_useTessellationShader) { // Render the model using the tesselation shader ecResult = m_ShaderManager->renderTessellationShader(m_D3D->getDeviceContext(), meshes[lod_level]->getIndexCount(), worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix, textures, texturecount, m_Light->getDirection(), m_Light->getAmbientColor(), m_Light->getDiffuseColor(), (D3DXVECTOR3)m_Camera->getPosition(), TESSELLATION_AMOUNT); } else { // todo: loaded model depends on distance to camera // Render the model using the light shader. ecResult = m_ShaderManager->renderShader(m_D3D->getDeviceContext(), meshes[lod_level]->getIndexCount(), lod_level, textures, texturecount, m_Light->getDirection(), m_Light->getAmbientColor(), m_Light->getDiffuseColor(), worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix); } And here the code snipet from the Mesh.cpp where I choose the Typology according to the boolean "useTessellationShader": // RenderBuffers is called from the Render function. The purpose of this function is to set the vertex buffer and index buffer as active on the input assembler in the GPU. Once the GPU has an active vertex buffer it can then use the shader to render that buffer. void Mesh::renderBuffers(ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext, bool useTessellationShader) { unsigned int stride; unsigned int offset; // Set vertex buffer stride and offset. stride = sizeof(VertexType); offset = 0; // Set the vertex buffer to active in the input assembler so it can be rendered. deviceContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &m_vertexBuffer, &stride, &offset); // Set the index buffer to active in the input assembler so it can be rendered. deviceContext->IASetIndexBuffer(m_indexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0); // Check which Shader is used to set the appropriate Topology // Set the type of primitive that should be rendered from this vertex buffer, in this case triangles. if(useTessellationShader) { deviceContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_3_CONTROL_POINT_PATCHLIST); }else{ deviceContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); } return; } RenderShader Could there be a problem using sometimes only vertex and pixel shader and after switching using vertex, hull, domain and pixel shader? Here a little overview of my architecture: TextClass: uses font.vs and font.ps deviceContext-VSSetShader(m_vertexShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetShader(m_pixelShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &m_sampleState); RegularShader: uses vertex.vs and pixel.ps deviceContext-VSSetShader(m_vertexShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetShader(m_pixelShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &m_sampleState); TessellationShader: uses tessellation.vs, tessellation.hs, tessellation.ds, tessellation.ps deviceContext-VSSetShader(m_vertexShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-HSSetShader(m_hullShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-DSSetShader(m_domainShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetShader(m_pixelShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &m_sampleState); ClearState I'd like to switch between 2 shaders and it seems they have different context parameters, right? In clearstate methode it says it resets following params to NULL: I found following in my Direct3D Class: depth-stencil state - m_deviceContext-OMSetDepthStencilState rasterizer state - m_deviceContext-RSSetState(m_rasterState); blend state - m_device-CreateBlendState viewports - m_deviceContext-RSSetViewports(1, &viewport); I found following in every Shader Class: input/output resource slots - deviceContext-PSSetShaderResources shaders - deviceContext-VSSetShader to - deviceContext-PSSetShader input layouts - device-CreateInputLayout sampler state - device-CreateSamplerState These two I didn't understand, where can I find them? predications - ? scissor rectangles - ? Do I need to store them all localy so I can switch between them, because it doesn't feel right to reinitialize the Direct3d and the Shaders by every switch (key input)?!

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  • GLSL subroutine not being used

    - by amoffat
    I'm using a gaussian blur fragment shader. In it, I thought it would be concise to include 2 subroutines: one for selecting the horizontal texture coordinate offsets, and another for the vertical texture coordinate offsets. This way, I just have one gaussian blur shader to manage. Here is the code for my shader. The {{NAME}} bits are template placeholders that I substitute in at shader compile time: #version 420 subroutine vec2 sample_coord_type(int i); subroutine uniform sample_coord_type sample_coord; in vec2 texcoord; out vec3 color; uniform sampler2D tex; uniform int texture_size; const float offsets[{{NUM_SAMPLES}}] = float[]({{SAMPLE_OFFSETS}}); const float weights[{{NUM_SAMPLES}}] = float[]({{SAMPLE_WEIGHTS}}); subroutine(sample_coord_type) vec2 vertical_coord(int i) { return vec2(0.0, offsets[i] / texture_size); } subroutine(sample_coord_type) vec2 horizontal_coord(int i) { //return vec2(offsets[i] / texture_size, 0.0); return vec2(0.0, 0.0); // just for testing if this subroutine gets used } void main(void) { color = vec3(0.0); for (int i=0; i<{{NUM_SAMPLES}}; i++) { color += texture(tex, texcoord + sample_coord(i)).rgb * weights[i]; color += texture(tex, texcoord - sample_coord(i)).rgb * weights[i]; } } Here is my code for selecting the subroutine: blur_program->start(); blur_program->set_subroutine("sample_coord", "vertical_coord", GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); blur_program->set_int("texture_size", width); blur_program->set_texture("tex", *deferred_output); blur_program->draw(); // draws a quad for the fragment shader to run on and: void ShaderProgram::set_subroutine(constr name, constr routine, GLenum target) { GLuint routine_index = glGetSubroutineIndex(id, target, routine.c_str()); GLuint uniform_index = glGetSubroutineUniformLocation(id, target, name.c_str()); glUniformSubroutinesuiv(target, 1, &routine_index); // debugging int num_subs; glGetActiveSubroutineUniformiv(id, target, uniform_index, GL_NUM_COMPATIBLE_SUBROUTINES, &num_subs); std::cout << uniform_index << " " << routine_index << " " << num_subs << "\n"; } I've checked for errors, and there are none. When I pass in vertical_coord as the routine to use, my scene is blurred vertically, as it should be. The routine_index variable is also 1 (which is weird, because vertical_coord subroutine is the first listed in the shader code...but no matter, maybe the compiler is switching things around) However, when I pass in horizontal_coord, my scene is STILL blurred vertically, even though the value of routine_index is 0, suggesting that a different subroutine is being used. Yet the horizontal_coord subroutine explicitly does not blur. What's more is, whichever subroutine comes first in the shader, is the subroutine that the shader uses permanently. Right now, vertical_coord comes first, so the shader blurs vertically always. If I put horizontal_coord first, the scene is unblurred, as expected, but then I cannot select the vertical_coord subroutine! :) Also, the value of num_subs is 2, suggesting that there are 2 subroutines compatible with my sample_coord subroutine uniform. Just to re-iterate, all of my return values are fine, and there are no glGetError() errors happening. Any ideas?

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  • OpenGL/GLSL: Render to cube map?

    - by BobDole
    I'm trying to figure out how to render my scene to a cube map. I've been stuck on this for a bit and figured I would ask you guys for some help. I'm new to OpenGL and this is the first time I'm using a FBO. I currently have a working example of using a cubemap bmp file, and the samplerCube sample type in the fragment shader is attached to GL_TEXTURE1. I'm not changing the shader code at all. I'm just changing the fact that I wont be calling the function that was loading the cubemap bmp file and trying to use the below code to render to a cubemap. You can see below that I'm also attaching the texture again to GL_TEXTURE1. This is so when I set the uniform: glUniform1i(getUniLoc(myProg, "Cubemap"), 1); it can access it in my fragment shader via uniform samplerCube Cubemap. I'm calling the below function like so: cubeMapTexture = renderToCubeMap(150, GL_RGBA8, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE); Now, I realize in the draw loop below that I'm not changing the view direction to look down the +x, -x, +y, -y, +z, -z axis. I really was just wanting to see something working first before implemented that. I figured I should at least see something on my object the way the code is now. I'm not seeing anything, just straight black. I've made my background white still the object is black. I've removed lighting, and coloring to just sample the cubemap texture and still black. I'm thinking the problem might be the format types when setting my texture which is GL_RGB8, GL_RGBA but I've also tried: GL_RGBA, GL_RGBA GL_RGB, GL_RGB I thought this would be standard since we are rendering to a texture attached to a framebuffer, but I've seen different examples that use different enum values. I've also tried binding the cube map texture in every draw call that I'm wanting to use the cube map: glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, cubeMapTexture); Also, I'm not creating a depth buffer for the FBO which I saw in most examples, because I'm only wanting the color buffer for my cube map. I actually added one to see if that was the problem and still got the same results. I could of fudged that up when I tried. Any help that can point me in the right direction would be appreciated. GLuint renderToCubeMap(int size, GLenum InternalFormat, GLenum Format, GLenum Type) { // color cube map GLuint textureObject; int face; GLenum status; //glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1); glGenTextures(1, &textureObject); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, textureObject); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); for (face = 0; face < 6; face++) { glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + face, 0, InternalFormat, size, size, 0, Format, Type, NULL); } // framebuffer object glGenFramebuffers(1, &fbo); glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo); glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X, textureObject, 0); status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER); printf("%d\"\n", status); printf("%d\n", GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE); glViewport(0,0,size, size); for (face = 1; face < 6; face++) { drawSpheres(); glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + face, textureObject, 0); } //Bind 0, which means render to back buffer, as a result, fb is unbound glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); return textureObject; }

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  • Rendering another screen on top of main game screen in fullscreen mode

    - by wolf
    my game runs in fullscreen mode and uses active rendering. The graphics are drawn on the fullscreen window in each game loop: public void render() { Window w = screen.getFullScreenWindow(); Graphics2D g = screen.getGraphics(); renderer.render(g, level, w.getWidth(), w.getHeight()); g.dispose(); screen.update(); } This is the screen.update() method: public void update(){ Window w = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if(w != null){ BufferStrategy s = w.getBufferStrategy(); if(!s.contentsLost()){ s.show(); } } } I want to display another screen on my main game screen (menu, inventory etc). Lets say I have a JPanel inventory, which has a grid of inventory cells (manually drawn) and some Swing components like JPopupMenu. So i tried adding that to my window and repainting it in the game loop, which worked okay most of the time... but sometimes the panel wouldn't get displayed. Blindly moving things around in the inventory worked, but it just didn't display. When i alt-tabbed out and back again, it displayed properly. I also tried drawing the rest of the inventory on my full screen window and using a JPanel to display only the buttons and popupmenus. The inventory displayed properly, but the Swing components keep flickering. I'm guessing this is because I don't know how to combine active and passive rendering. public void render() { Graphics2D g = screen.getGraphics(); invManager.render(g); g.dispose(); screen.update(); invPanel.repaint(); } Should i use something else instead of a JPanel? I don't really need active rendering for these screens, but I don't understand why they sometimes just don't display. Or maybe I should just make my own custom components instead of using Swing? I also read somewhere that using multiple panels/frames in a game is bad practice so should I draw everything on one window/frame/panel? If I CAN use JPanels for this, should I add and remove them every time the inventory is toggled? Or just change their visibility?

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  • jMonkey Quest Database

    - by theJollySin
    I am building a game in jMonkey (Java) and I have so far only used default quest text. But now I need to start populating a lot of quests with text. My design requires A LOT of quests texts. What is the best way to build a database of quest texts in jMonkey? I don't have a lot of real experience with databases. Is there a database that integrates well with jMonkey? Here are the ideal properties I want in my database, in order of priority: Reasonably light learning curve Easy portability (in Java) to Windows, Linux, and Mac OSX Good interface with Java Good interface with jMonkey The ability to add properties to the quests: ID, level, gender, quest chain ID, etc. Or am I wrong in thinking I need to use some giant monster like SQL? I haven't been able to find much information on this, so are people using some non-database methods for storing things like quest text in jMonkey?

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  • Movement and Collision with AABB

    - by Jeremy Giberson
    I'm having a little difficulty figuring out the following scenarios. http://i.stack.imgur.com/8lM6i.png In scenario A, the moving entity has fallen to (and slightly into the floor). The current position represents the projected position that will occur if I apply the acceleration & velocity as usual without worrying about collision. The Next position, represents the corrected projection position after collision check. The resulting end position is the falling entity now rests ON the floor--that is, in a consistent state of collision by sharing it's bottom X axis with the floor's top X axis. My current update loop looks like the following: // figure out forces & accelerations and project an objects next position // check collision occurrence from current position -> projected position // if a collision occurs, adjust projection position Which seems to be working for the scenario of my object falling to the floor. However, the situation becomes sticky when trying to figure out scenario's B & C. In scenario B, I'm attempt to move along the floor on the X axis (player is pressing right direction button) additionally, gravity is pulling the object into the floor. The problem is, when the object attempts to move the collision detection code is going to recognize that the object is already colliding with the floor to begin with, and auto correct any movement back to where it was before. In scenario C, I'm attempting to jump off the floor. Again, because the object is already in a constant collision with the floor, when the collision routine checks to make sure moving from current position to projected position doesn't result in a collision, it will fail because at the beginning of the motion, the object is already colliding. How do you allow movement along the edge of an object? How do you allow movement away from an object you are already colliding with. Extra Info My collision routine is based on AABB sweeping test from an old gamasutra article, http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3383/simple_intersection_tests_for_games.php?page=3 My bounding box implementation is based on top left/bottom right instead of midpoint/extents, so my min/max functions are adjusted. Otherwise, here is my bounding box class with collision routines: public class BoundingBox { public XYZ topLeft; public XYZ bottomRight; public BoundingBox(float x, float y, float z, float w, float h, float d) { topLeft = new XYZ(); bottomRight = new XYZ(); topLeft.x = x; topLeft.y = y; topLeft.z = z; bottomRight.x = x+w; bottomRight.y = y+h; bottomRight.z = z+d; } public BoundingBox(XYZ position, XYZ dimensions, boolean centered) { topLeft = new XYZ(); bottomRight = new XYZ(); topLeft.x = position.x; topLeft.y = position.y; topLeft.z = position.z; bottomRight.x = position.x + (centered ? dimensions.x/2 : dimensions.x); bottomRight.y = position.y + (centered ? dimensions.y/2 : dimensions.y); bottomRight.z = position.z + (centered ? dimensions.z/2 : dimensions.z); } /** * Check if a point lies inside a bounding box * @param box * @param point * @return */ public static boolean isPointInside(BoundingBox box, XYZ point) { if(box.topLeft.x <= point.x && point.x <= box.bottomRight.x && box.topLeft.y <= point.y && point.y <= box.bottomRight.y && box.topLeft.z <= point.z && point.z <= box.bottomRight.z) return true; return false; } /** * Check for overlap between two bounding boxes using separating axis theorem * if two boxes are separated on any axis, they cannot be overlapping * @param a * @param b * @return */ public static boolean isOverlapping(BoundingBox a, BoundingBox b) { XYZ dxyz = new XYZ(b.topLeft.x - a.topLeft.x, b.topLeft.y - a.topLeft.y, b.topLeft.z - a.topLeft.z); // if b - a is positive, a is first on the axis and we should use its extent // if b -a is negative, b is first on the axis and we should use its extent // check for x axis separation if ((dxyz.x >= 0 && a.bottomRight.x-a.topLeft.x < dxyz.x) // negative scale, reverse extent sum, flip equality ||(dxyz.x < 0 && b.topLeft.x-b.bottomRight.x > dxyz.x)) return false; // check for y axis separation if ((dxyz.y >= 0 && a.bottomRight.y-a.topLeft.y < dxyz.y) // negative scale, reverse extent sum, flip equality ||(dxyz.y < 0 && b.topLeft.y-b.bottomRight.y > dxyz.y)) return false; // check for z axis separation if ((dxyz.z >= 0 && a.bottomRight.z-a.topLeft.z < dxyz.z) // negative scale, reverse extent sum, flip equality ||(dxyz.z < 0 && b.topLeft.z-b.bottomRight.z > dxyz.z)) return false; // not separated on any axis, overlapping return true; } public static boolean isContactEdge(int xyzAxis, BoundingBox a, BoundingBox b) { switch(xyzAxis) { case XYZ.XCOORD: if(a.topLeft.x == b.bottomRight.x || a.bottomRight.x == b.topLeft.x) return true; return false; case XYZ.YCOORD: if(a.topLeft.y == b.bottomRight.y || a.bottomRight.y == b.topLeft.y) return true; return false; case XYZ.ZCOORD: if(a.topLeft.z == b.bottomRight.z || a.bottomRight.z == b.topLeft.z) return true; return false; } return false; } /** * Sweep test min extent value * @param box * @param xyzCoord * @return */ public static float min(BoundingBox box, int xyzCoord) { switch(xyzCoord) { case XYZ.XCOORD: return box.topLeft.x; case XYZ.YCOORD: return box.topLeft.y; case XYZ.ZCOORD: return box.topLeft.z; default: return 0f; } } /** * Sweep test max extent value * @param box * @param xyzCoord * @return */ public static float max(BoundingBox box, int xyzCoord) { switch(xyzCoord) { case XYZ.XCOORD: return box.bottomRight.x; case XYZ.YCOORD: return box.bottomRight.y; case XYZ.ZCOORD: return box.bottomRight.z; default: return 0f; } } /** * Test if bounding box A will overlap bounding box B at any point * when box A moves from position 0 to position 1 and box B moves from position 0 to position 1 * Note, sweep test assumes bounding boxes A and B's dimensions do not change * * @param a0 box a starting position * @param a1 box a ending position * @param b0 box b starting position * @param b1 box b ending position * @param aCollisionOut xyz of box a's position when/if a collision occurs * @param bCollisionOut xyz of box b's position when/if a collision occurs * @return */ public static boolean sweepTest(BoundingBox a0, BoundingBox a1, BoundingBox b0, BoundingBox b1, XYZ aCollisionOut, XYZ bCollisionOut) { // solve in reference to A XYZ va = new XYZ(a1.topLeft.x-a0.topLeft.x, a1.topLeft.y-a0.topLeft.y, a1.topLeft.z-a0.topLeft.z); XYZ vb = new XYZ(b1.topLeft.x-b0.topLeft.x, b1.topLeft.y-b0.topLeft.y, b1.topLeft.z-b0.topLeft.z); XYZ v = new XYZ(vb.x-va.x, vb.y-va.y, vb.z-va.z); // check for initial overlap if(BoundingBox.isOverlapping(a0, b0)) { // java pass by ref/value gotcha, have to modify value can't reassign it aCollisionOut.x = a0.topLeft.x; aCollisionOut.y = a0.topLeft.y; aCollisionOut.z = a0.topLeft.z; bCollisionOut.x = b0.topLeft.x; bCollisionOut.y = b0.topLeft.y; bCollisionOut.z = b0.topLeft.z; return true; } // overlap min/maxs XYZ u0 = new XYZ(); XYZ u1 = new XYZ(1,1,1); float t0, t1; // iterate axis and find overlaps times (x=0, y=1, z=2) for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { float aMax = max(a0, i); float aMin = min(a0, i); float bMax = max(b0, i); float bMin = min(b0, i); float vi = XYZ.getCoord(v, i); if(aMax < bMax && vi < 0) XYZ.setCoord(u0, i, (aMax-bMin)/vi); else if(bMax < aMin && vi > 0) XYZ.setCoord(u0, i, (aMin-bMax)/vi); if(bMax > aMin && vi < 0) XYZ.setCoord(u1, i, (aMin-bMax)/vi); else if(aMax > bMin && vi > 0) XYZ.setCoord(u1, i, (aMax-bMin)/vi); } // get times of collision t0 = Math.max(u0.x, Math.max(u0.y, u0.z)); t1 = Math.min(u1.x, Math.min(u1.y, u1.z)); // collision only occurs if t0 < t1 if(t0 <= t1 && t0 != 0) // not t0 because we already tested it! { // t0 is the normalized time of the collision // then the position of the bounding boxes would // be their original position + velocity*time aCollisionOut.x = a0.topLeft.x + va.x*t0; aCollisionOut.y = a0.topLeft.y + va.y*t0; aCollisionOut.z = a0.topLeft.z + va.z*t0; bCollisionOut.x = b0.topLeft.x + vb.x*t0; bCollisionOut.y = b0.topLeft.y + vb.y*t0; bCollisionOut.z = b0.topLeft.z + vb.z*t0; return true; } else return false; } }

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  • Anti-aliasing works for debug runtime but not retail runtime

    - by DeadMG
    I'm experimenting with setting various graphical settings in my Direct3D9 application, and I'm currently facing a curious problem with anti-aliasing. When running under the debug runtime, AA works as expected, and I don't have any errors or warnings. But when running under the retail runtime, the image isn't anti-aliased at all. I don't get any errors, the device creates and executes just fine. As I honestly have little idea where the problem is, I will simply give a relatively high-level overview of the architecture involved, rather than specific problematic code. Simply put, I render my 3D content to a texture, which I then render to the back buffer. Any suggestions as to where to look?

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  • Billboarding + aligning with velocity direction

    - by roxlu
    I'm working on a particle system where I'm orientating the billboard using the inverted orientation matrix of my camera. This works quite well and my quad are rotated correctly towards the camera. But, now I want to to rotate the quads in such a way that they point towards the direction they are going to. In 2D this can be done by normalizing the velocity vector and using that vector for a rotation around the Z-axis (where vel.x = cos(a) and vel.y = sin(a)). But how does this work in 3D? Thanks roxlu

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  • What is the most efficient way to blur in a shader?

    - by concernedcitizen
    I'm currently working on screen space reflections. I have perfectly reflective mirror-like surfaces working, and I now need to use a blur to make the reflection on surfaces with a low specular gloss value look more diffuse. I'm having difficulty deciding how to apply the blur, though. My first idea was to just sample a lower mip level of the screen rendertarget. However, the rendertarget uses SurfaceFormat.HalfVector4 (for HDR effects), which means XNA won't allow linear filtering. Point filtering looks horrible and really doesn't give the visual cue that I want. I've thought about using some kind of Box/Gaussian blur, but this would not be ideal. I've already thrashed the texture cache in the raymarching phase before the blur even occurs (a worst case reflection could be 32 samples per pixel), and the blur kernel to make the reflections look sufficiently diffuse would be fairly large. Does anyone have any suggestions? I know it's doable, as Photon Workshop achieved the effect in Unity.

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  • Implementing features in an Entity System

    - by Bane
    After asking two questions on Entity Systems (1, 2), and reading some articles on them, I think that I understand them much better than before. But, I still have some uncertainties, and mainly they are about building a Particle Emitter, an Input system, and a Camera. I obviously still have some problems understanding Entity Systems, and they might apply to a whole other range of objects, but I chose these three because they are very different concepts and should cover a pretty big ground, and help me understand Entity Systems and how to handle problems like these myself, as they come along. I am building an engine in Javascript, and I've implemented most of the core features, which include: input handling, flexible animation system, particle emitter, math classes and functions, scene handling, a camera and a render, and a whole bunch of other things that engines usually support. Then, I read Byte56's answer that got me interested into making the engine into an Entity System one. It would still remain an HTML5 game engine with the basic Scene philosophy, but it should support dynamic creation of entities from components. These are some of the definitions from the previous questions, updated: An Entity is an identifier. It doesn't have any data, it's not an object, it's a simple id that represents an index in the Scene's list of all entities (which I actually plan to implement as a component matrix). A Component is a data holder, but with methods that can operate on that data. The best example is a Vector2D, or a "Position" component. It has data: x and y, but also some methods that make operating on the data a bit easier: add(), normalize(), and so on. A System is something that can operate on a set of entities that meet the certain requirements, usually they (the entities) need to have a specified (by the system itself) set of components to be operated upon. The system is the "logic" part, the "algorithm" part, all the functionality supplied by components is purely for easier data management. The problem that I have now is fitting my old engine concept into this new programming paradigm. Lets start with the simplest one, a Camera. The camera has a position property (Vector2D), a rotation property and some methods for centering it around a point. Each frame, it is fed to a renderer, along with a scene, and all the objects are translated according to it's position. Then the scene is rendered. How could I represent this kind of an object in an Entity System? Would the camera be an entity or simply a component? A combination (see my answer)? Another issues that is bothering me is implementing a Particle Emitter. For what exactly I mean by that, you can check out my video of it: http://youtu.be/BObargIMQsE. The problem I have with this is, again, what should be what. I'm pretty sure that particles themselves shouldn't be entities, as I want to support 10k+ of them, and creating that much entities would be a heavy blow on my performance, I believe. Or maybe not? Depends on the implementation, but anyone with experience: please, do answer. The last bit I wan't to talk about, which is also bugging me the most, is how input should be handled. In my current version of the engine, there is a class called Input. It's a handler that subscribes to browser's events, such as keypresses, and mouse position changes, and also it maintains an internal state. Then, the player class has a react() method, which accepts an input object as an argument. The advantage of this is that the input object could be serialized into JSON and then shared over the network, allowing for smooth multiplayer simulations. But how does this translate into an Entity System?

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  • Tips on combining the right Art Assets with a 2D Skeleton and making it flexible

    - by DevilWithin
    I am on my first attempt to build a skeletal animation system for 2D side-scrollers, so I don't really have experience of what may appear in later stages. So i ask advice from anyone that been there and done that! My approach: I built a Tree structure, the root node is like the center-of-mass of the skeleton, allowing to apply global transformations to the skeleton. Then, i make the hierarchy of the bones, so when moving a leg, the foot also moves. (I also make a Joint, which connects two bones, for utility). I load animations to it from a simple key frame lerp, so it does smooth movement. I map the animation hierarchy to the skeleton, or a part of it, to see if the structure is alike, otherwise the animation doesnt start. I think this is pretty much a standard implementation for such a thing, even if i want to convert it to a Rag Doll on the fly.. Now to my question: Imagine a game like prototype, there is a skeleton animation of the main character, which can animate all meshes in the game that are rigged the same way.. That way the character can transform into anything without any extra code. That is pretty much what i want to do for a side-scroller, in theory it sounds easy, but I want to know if that will work well. If the different people will be decently animated when using the same skeleton-animation pair. I can see this working well with a Stickman, but what about actual humans? Will the perspective look right, or i will need to dynamically change the sprites attached to bones? What do you recommend for such a system?

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  • Ogre Specific libraries

    - by Molmasepic
    i have a simple question. For people that know and built ogre3D from source as a Static library, What is the order of which the libraries should be linked? The libraries I need to be organized are: Ogre Plugins 'libOgreMain.a' Ogre RenderSystems Boost(version 1.47)link Ogre's Dependencies The reason im asking is because in the Ogre forums, I have asked about this and didnt get a good reply...yet. The other reason is because even though i link to the boost library, i get this error: undefined reference to '_imp___ZN5boost6thread20hardware_concurrencyEv' My compiler is MinGW with CodeBlocks as the IDE And my Main Computer Im building on is Windows Vista 32 bit

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