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• Using a 64bit Linux kernel, can't see more than 4GB of RAM in /proc/meminfo

  - by Chris Huang-Leaver

  I'm running my new computer which has 8GB of RAM installed, which is visable from BIOS page, does not show in /proc/meminfo uname -a Linux localhost 3.0.6-gentoo #2 SMP PREEMPT Sat Nov 19 10:45:22 GMT-- x86_64 AMD Phenom(tm) II X4 955 Processor AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux The result of /proc/meminfo is as follows: (thans Andrey) MemTotal: 4021348 kB MemFree: 1440280 kB Buffers: 23696 kB Cached: 1710828 kB SwapCached: 4956 kB Active: 1389904 kB Inactive: 841364 kB Active(anon): 1337812 kB Inactive(anon): 714060 kB Active(file): 52092 kB Inactive(file): 127304 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB SwapTotal: 8388604 kB SwapFree: 8047900 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 492732 kB Mapped: 47528 kB Shmem: 1555120 kB Slab: 267724 kB SReclaimable: 177464 kB SUnreclaim: 90260 kB KernelStack: 1176 kB PageTables: 12148 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 10399276 kB Committed_AS: 3293896 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 317008 kB VmallocChunk: 34359398908 kB AnonHugePages: 120832 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 23552 kB DirectMap2M: 3088384 kB DirectMap1G: 1048576 kB I have tried using mem=8G as a kernel boot parameter, I read a post about setting HIGHMEM64G to yes, before realising that only applies to 32bit kernels. Trying dmindecode -t memory SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0026, DMI type 16, 23 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC Maximum Capacity: 32 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 4 Handle 0x0028, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM0 Bank Locator: BANK0 Type: <OUT OF SPEC> Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1333 MHz Manufacturer: Manufacturer0 Serial Number: SerNum0 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum0 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber0 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM1 Bank Locator: BANK1 Type: Unknown Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Manufacturer1 Serial Number: SerNum1 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum1 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber1 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002C, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM2 Bank Locator: BANK2 Type: <OUT OF SPEC> Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1333 MHz Manufacturer: Manufacturer2 Serial Number: SerNum2 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum2 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber2 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002E, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM3 Bank Locator: BANK3 Type: Unknown Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Manufacturer3 Serial Number: SerNum3 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum3 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber3 Rank: Unknown

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• How to know which block device maps to which physical drive

  - by Karolis T.

  I have a server with software RAID 1, two hot-swap sata disks. One hard drive started showing errors, I'm thinking about removing and replacing it, only problem is that I have no idea which of the two correspond to which devices. And I can't shut the server down to find out. I have /dev/sda and /dev/sdb, /dev/sda is the failing one. Thought about doing something along the lines # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1 then somehow stop/suspend the drive using tuning software and try to listen which of the two stopped, but that's not gonna work in a noisy server environment. Drive panels have no LEDs. Thanks for any ideas!

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• Triple monitor setup in linux

  - by Brendan Abel

  I'm hoping there are some xorg gurus out there. I'm trying to get a three monitor setup working in linux. I have 2 lcd monitors and a tv, all different resolutions. I'm using 2 video cards; a 9800 GTX and 7900Gt. I've seen a lot of different posts about people trying to make this work, and in every case, they either gave up, or Xinerama magically solved all their problems. Basically, my main problem is that I cannot get Xinerama to work. Every time I turn it on in the options, my machine gets stuck in a neverending boot cycle. If I disable Xinerama, I just have three Xorg screens, but I can't drag windows from one to the other. I can get the 2 lcds on Twinview, and the tv on a separate Xorg screen no problem. But I don't really like this solution. I'd rather have them all on separate screens and stitch them together with Xinerama. Has anyone done this? Here's my xorg.conf for reference. p.s. This took me all of 30 seconds to set up in Windows XP! p.s.s. I've seen somewhere that maybe randr can solve my problems? But I'm not quite sure how? Section "Monitor" Identifier "Main1" VendorName "Acer" ModelName "H233H" HorizSync 40-70 VertRefresh 60 Option "dpms" EndSection #Section "Monitor" # Identifier "Main2" # VendorName "Acer" # ModelName "AL2216W" # HorizSync 40-70 # VertRefresh 60 # Option "dpms" #EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Projector" VendorName "BenQ" ModelName "W500" HorizSync 44.955-45 VertRefresh 59.94-60 Option "dpms" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Card1" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "nvidia" BusID "PCI:5:0:0" BoardName "nVidia Corporation G92 [GeForce 9800 GTX+]" Option "ConnectedMonitor" "DFP,DFP" Option "NvAGP" "0" Option "NoLogo" "True" #Option "TVStandard" "HD720p" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Card2" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "nvidia" BusID "PCI:4:0:0" BoardName "nVidia Corporation G71 [GeForce 7900 GT/GTO]" Option "NvAGP" "0" Option "NoLogo" "True" Option "TVStandard" "HD720p" EndSection Section "Module" Load "glx" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "ScreenMain-0" Device "Card1-0" Monitor "Main1" DefaultDepth 24 Option "Twinview" Option "TwinViewOrientation" "RightOf" Option "MetaModes" "DFP-0: 1920x1080; DFP-1: 1680x1050" Option "HorizSync" "DFP-0: 40-70; DFP-1: 40-70" Option "VertRefresh" "DFP-0: 60; DFP-1: 60" #SubSection "Display" # Depth 24 # Virtual 4880 1080 #EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "ScreenProjector" Device "Card2" Monitor "Projector" DefaultDepth 24 Option "MetaModes" "TV-0: 1280x720" Option "HorizSync" "TV-0: 44.955-45" Option "VertRefresh" "TV-0: 59.94-60" EndSection Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "BothTwinView" Screen "ScreenMain-0" Screen "ScreenProjector" LeftOf "ScreenMain-0" #Option "Xinerama" "on" # most important option let you window expand to three monitors EndSection

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• Need Advice: What Linux distro should I install on an old PowerPC Mac

  - by rockit

  I'm trying to set up my brother - who has a PPC mac, with 1 ghz processor and 256 ram, with a Linux distro that would allow him to surf the web on the device. If anyone knows of this mac, they also know that support has faded for the new browsers rendering the device essentially useless when it comes to the web. Ideally I would have installed jolicloud - but alas, it is only intel mac compatible... Please let me know if you have any suggestions for me!

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• Ensuring a repeatable directory ordering in linux

  - by Paul Biggar

  I run a hosted continuous integration company, and we run our customers' code on Linux. Each time we run the code, we run it in a separate virtual machine. A frequent problem that arises is that a customer's tests will sometimes fail because of the directory ordering of their code checked out on the VM. Let me go into more detail. On OSX, the HFS+ file system ensures that directories are always traversed in the same order. Programmers who use OSX assume that if it works on their machine, it must work everywhere. But it often doesn't work on Linux, because linux file systems do not offer ordering guarantees when traversing directories. As an example, consider there are 2 files, a.rb, b.rb. a.rb defines MyObject, and b.rb uses MyObject. If a.rb is loaded first, everything will work. If b.rb is loaded first, it will try to access an undefined variable MyObject, and fail. But worse than this, is that it doesn't always just fail. Because the file system ordering on Linux is not ordered, it will be a different order on different machines. This is worse because sometimes the tests pass, and sometimes they fail. This is the worst possible result. So my question is, is there a way to make file system ordering repeatable. Some flag to ext4 perhaps, that says it will always traverse directories in some order? Or maybe a different file system that has this guarantee?

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• Can't manage iPod from linux anymore

  - by kemp

  I used to be able to see and manage my iPod with different softwares: Amarok, Rhythmbox, GTKPod. The device is a nano 1st generation 4gb. Currently it mounts regularly and can be accessed from the file system, but I get this in dmesg: [ 1547.617891] scsi 11:0:0:0: Direct-Access Apple iPod 1.62 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [ 1547.619103] sd 11:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 1547.620478] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 [ 1547.620494] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] 7999487 512-byte hardware sectors: (4.09 GB/3.81 GiB) [ 1547.621718] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 1547.621726] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 68 00 00 08 [ 1547.621732] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 1547.623591] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 [ 1547.624993] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 1547.625003] sdb: sdb1 sdb2 [ 1547.629686] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 1548.084026] FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive! [ 1548.369502] FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive! [ 1548.504358] FAT: invalid media value (0x2f) [ 1548.504363] VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdb1. [ 1548.945173] FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive! [ 1548.945179] FAT: invalid media value (0x2f) [ 1548.945182] VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdb1. [ 1610.092886] usb 2-6: USB disconnect, address 9 The only application that can access it (partially) is Rhythmbox. I say partially because I can transfer files to the iPod but can't remove or modify them. Also one transfer didn't finish and only 9 out of 16 songs were delivered to the device. All other softwares I tried (GTKPod, Amarok, Songbird) don't even detect it. What can I do to troubleshoot this? EDIT: # fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 4095 MB, 4095737344 bytes 241 heads, 62 sectors/track, 535 cylinders Units = cylinders of 14942 * 512 = 7650304 bytes Disk identifier: 0x20202020 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 11 80293+ 0 Empty Partition 1 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?): phys=(0, 1, 1) logical=(0, 1, 2) Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(9, 254, 63) logical=(10, 181, 8) Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb2 11 536 3919415+ b W95 FAT32 Partition 2 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?): phys=(10, 0, 7) logical=(10, 181, 15) Partition 2 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(497, 240, 62) logical=(535, 88, 61) EDIT2: The "before" state is hard to tell, it was a lot of updates ago. Haven't been using my iPod for a while so I can't say when exactly it stopped working. I'm sure Amarok was still at version 1.X but can't remember when it was. My current system is debian testing fully updated. NOTE: just noticed that if I mount the device manually instead of letting nautilus automount it, I can see it again on GTKPod but still not on Banshee AND it's vanished from Rhythmbox...

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• How can I bridge a VM to a remote network?

  - by asciiphil

  I have a system running QEMU/KVM (via libvirt). One of its VMs needs to have a presence on a subnet that is not local to the VM host. I have a Linux system on the remote subnet. Is there a way to set up some sort of tunneled bridge to cause the VM to appear present on the remote system? This will be a temporary situation (hopefully just until the VM owner can configure their system) and network performance and long-term maintainability aren't really issues. To give some more concrete information: My VM host has IP address 192.168.54.155/24. The VM has IP address 192.168.65.71/24. I have a remote system at 192.168.65.254/24. Both the VM host and remote system are running Scientific Linux 6.5. I do not control the network or routing in between the VM host and remote system. I do not have access to the guest OS on the VM. I would like traffic to the VM's IP address to end up at the VM even though its host isn't directly connected to the appropriate network. I've tried using iproute2's tunnelling, but Linux won't let me add a tunnel to a bridge. I've considered using some sort of iptables mangling to route traffic over the tunnel and make the VM think it's on the right network, but I'm not sure whether there are better approaches. What's the best way to accomplish this hack?

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• Picking a linux compatible motherboard

  - by Chris

  Last time I bought a new computer (I build them myself) I got a motherboard that had really poor linux support for a long time. Specifically the audio. I had to wait months before the kernel supported the on board audio chipset. That is exactly the situation I'm trying to avoid this time around. I have some specific questions about "server motherboards" actually. I looked at a few models of server motherboards by intel, and some random models on newegg. I wasn't able to see much of a difference from regular desktop motherboard other than most had two sockets, and support for much more ram. These boards seem more popular with Linux users. Why? AMD and Intel both have server CPUs as well. Some question, what's the difference? To make this question more concrete, I was looking at this this motherboard. The main questions about it that I can't answer are: Can I get a motherboard without on board raid and audio? I wanted to get a hardware raid controller and a PCI audio card. I thought a server motherboard would be cheaper and not have these "extras", since who wants an audio card on a server? Where can I found out about Linux support for the components on this board? "Intel ICH10R", "Realtek ALC889", "Marvell 88E8056" I'm buying this computer to work as a Linux desktop for a lot of compiling, coding and audio/video work, but I don't want to rule out the possibility of installing windows and playing some games at one point. (even if the last game I got has been sitting in its box unopened for almost a year). Is it a good idea to buy a "server motherboard" and play games on it, or are desktop boards better value for this? The ultimate solution for me would be a motherboard that had GPL divers for onboard LAN, a single CPU socket, lots of PCI express and PCI. USB 3.0, and no fancy hard disk controllers since I'll be getting a separate one.

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• Linux bcm43224 wifi adapter slows down a couple minutes after boot

  - by Blubber

  I just installed Ubuntu on my mid 2012 MacBook Air. Everything worked out of the box, but the wifi is showing some weird behavior. When I first login it's really fast, loading google.com is near instant, and browsing in general feels at least as smooth as it did on Mac OS. However, after a couple minutes the connection slows down dramatically, sometimes it takes over 5s to load google.com, a simple reboot fixes the problem for another couple minutes. Specs: Wifi: 02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n (rev 01) Driver: open-source brcmsmac driver Kernel: Linux wega 3.8.0-21-generic #32-Ubuntu SMP Tue May 14 22:16:46 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distro: Ubuntu 13.04 (uptodate) I tried a number of things, none of which actually helped Use proprietary sta driver from broadcom Installed firmware into /lib/firmware/brcms (which, as far as I can tell from logs, does not get loaded at all) Switch router to only use 2.4 OR 5 GHz Set router to only use a OR g OR n Set router to use AES encryption only Turned off power management on the adapter Set regulatory region to the correct value (NL) on both router and laptop Disable ipv6 Nothing seems to help, the slowdown always occurs. I did notice that the latency (ping google.com) stays roughly the same (around 9ms). Below is some more information that might be of use. $ lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net 02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n [14e4:4353] (rev 01) Subsystem: Apple Inc. Device [106b:00e9] Kernel driver in use: bcma-pci-bridge $ rfkill list 0: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no $ lsmod Module Size Used by dm_crypt 22820 1 arc4 12615 2 brcmsmac 550698 0 coretemp 13355 0 kvm_intel 132891 0 parport_pc 28152 0 kvm 443165 1 kvm_intel ppdev 17073 0 cordic 12574 1 brcmsmac brcmutil 14755 1 brcmsmac mac80211 606457 1 brcmsmac cfg80211 510937 2 brcmsmac,mac80211 bnep 18036 2 rfcomm 42641 12 joydev 17377 0 applesmc 19353 0 input_polldev 13896 1 applesmc snd_hda_codec_hdmi 36913 1 microcode 22881 0 snd_hda_codec_cirrus 23829 1 nls_iso8859_1 12713 1 uvcvideo 80847 0 btusb 22474 0 snd_hda_intel 39619 3 videobuf2_vmalloc 13056 1 uvcvideo snd_hda_codec 136453 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_cirrus bcm5974 17347 0 bluetooth 228619 22 bnep,btusb,rfcomm snd_hwdep 13602 1 snd_hda_codec lpc_ich 17061 0 videobuf2_memops 13202 1 videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_core 40513 1 uvcvideo videodev 129260 2 uvcvideo,videobuf2_core bcma 41051 1 brcmsmac snd_pcm 97451 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel snd_page_alloc 18710 2 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_rawmidi 30180 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61554 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi snd_seq_device 14497 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi snd_timer 29425 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd 68876 16 snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_cirrus mei 41158 0 soundcore 12680 1 snd apple_bl 13673 0 mac_hid 13205 0 lp 17759 0 parport 46345 3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc usb_storage 57204 0 hid_apple 13237 0 hid_generic 12540 0 ghash_clmulni_intel 13259 0 aesni_intel 55399 399 aes_x86_64 17255 1 aesni_intel xts 12885 1 aesni_intel lrw 13257 1 aesni_intel gf128mul 14951 2 lrw,xts ablk_helper 13597 1 aesni_intel cryptd 20373 4 ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel,ablk_helper i915 600351 3 ahci 25731 3 libahci 31364 1 ahci video 19390 1 i915 i2c_algo_bit 13413 1 i915 drm_kms_helper 49394 1 i915 usbhid 47074 0 drm 286313 4 i915,drm_kms_helper hid 101002 3 hid_generic,usbhid,hid_apple $ dmesg | egrep 'b43|bcma|brcm|[F]irm' [ 0.055025] [Firmware Bug]: ioapic 2 has no mapping iommu, interrupt remapping will be disabled [ 0.152336] [Firmware Bug]: ACPI: BIOS _OSI(Linux) query ignored [ 2.187681] pci_root PNP0A08:00: [Firmware Info]: MMCONFIG for domain 0000 [bus 00-99] only partially covers this bridge [ 12.553600] bcma-pci-bridge 0000:02:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002) [ 12.553657] bcma: bus0: Found chip with id 0xA8D8, rev 0x01 and package 0x08 [ 12.553688] bcma: bus0: Core 0 found: ChipCommon (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x800, rev 0x22, class 0x0) [ 12.553715] bcma: bus0: Core 1 found: IEEE 802.11 (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x812, rev 0x17, class 0x0) [ 12.553764] bcma: bus0: Core 2 found: PCIe (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x820, rev 0x0F, class 0x0) [ 12.605777] bcma: bus0: Bus registered [ 12.852925] brcmsmac bcma0:0: mfg 4bf core 812 rev 23 class 0 irq 17 [ 13.085176] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: false (implement) [ 13.085186] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_config: change power-save mode: false (implement) [ 20.862617] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcmsmac: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: associated [ 20.862622] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 0 (implement) [ 20.862625] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: true (implement) [ 20.897957] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 1 (implement) $ iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11abgn ESSID:"wlan" Mode:Managed Frequency:5.22 GHz Access Point: E0:46:9A:4E:63:9A Bit Rate=65 Mb/s Tx-Power=17 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=63/70 Signal level=-47 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:13 Invalid misc:56 Missed beacon:0

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• Process for configuring network settings on a headless rack mount device

  - by PherricOxide

  I'm with a small company that plans to sell a rack mounted network appliance which is configurable via a web interface (think of a router configuration page sort of deal), and I'm wondering in large data center like environments what the process usually is for the initial setup of such systems. The main question is, if the system is headless, how do you get initial remote access to it? Do companies usually first plug a server into a monitor/keyboard/mouse in order to configure the network settings before mounting it in a rack? How else would they know what the IP address of the machine was if DHCP (and it can't be hard coded because of IP conflict potential)?

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• Read raw HD partition in Linux at a particular offset

  - by Evgeny

  I'm trying to recover some files deleted from a Linux ext3 partition. I've grepped the raw partition device (/dev/sda1) using grep -b and it gave me an offset. What's the easiest way for me to read a chunk of data from that block device starting from the offset returned by grep?

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• Iptables Forwarding problem

  - by ankit

  Hi all, I had initally asked question about sertting up my linux box for natting for my home network and was given suggestions in the thread here. Did not want to clutter the old question so starting a new one here. based on the earlier suggestions, i have come up with the following rules ... :PREROUTING ACCEPT [1:48] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [12:860] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [3:228] -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [3:228] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT DROP [0:0] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT COMMIT If you notice, i do have the proper MASQURADING rule and the proper FORWARD filter rule as well. However i am facing 2 problems On the linux box itself DNS resolving is not working the lan clients connected to the linux box, are still not able to get to internet. when i ping something from them, i see the DROP count in iptables INPUT rule increasing. now my question is, when i am pinging something from the lan client, how come it is being matched by the input chain ?! should it be in the forward chain ? Chain INPUT (policy DROP 20 packets, 2314 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 99 9891 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 122 9092 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh Thanks ankit

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• Performance monitoring on Linux/Unix

  - by ervingsb

  I run a few Windows servers and (Debian and Ubuntu) Linux and AIX servers. I would like to continously monitor performance on these systems in order to easily identify bottlenecks as well as to have an overview of the general activity on the servers. On Windows, I use Windows Performance Monitor (perfmon) for this. I set up these counters: For bottlenecks: Processor utilization : System\Processor Queue Length Memory utilization : Memory\Pages Input/Sec Disk Utilization : PhysicalDisk\Current Disk Queue Length\driveletter Network problems: Network Interface\Output Queue Length\nic name For general activity: Processor utilization : Processor\% Processor Time_Total Memory utilization : Process\Working Set_Total (or per specific process) Memory utilization : Memory\Available MBytes Disk Utilization : PhysicalDisk\Bytes/sec_Total (or per process) Network Utilization : Network Interface\Bytes Total/Sec\nic name (More information on the choice of these counters on: http://itcookbook.net/blog/windows-perfmon-top-ten-counters ) This works really well. It allows me to look in one place and identify most common bottlenecks. So my question is, how can I do something equivalent (or just very similar) on Linux servers? I have looked a bit on nmon (http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-analyze_aix/) which is a free performance monitoring tool developed for AIX but also availble for Linux. However, I am not sure if nmon allows me to set up the above counters. Maybe it is because Linux and AIX does not allow monitoring these exact same measures. Is so, which ones should I choose and why? If nmon is not the tool to use for this, then what do you recommend?

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• Generic Hp LaserJet 1012 Printer Drivers For Win7 x64?

  - by TheDeeno

  I've recently upgraded a machine to win7 x64. This machine has a 1012 printer attached. According to HP's site, the printer is no going to be supported in win7. Are there generic drivers that may suffice?

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• How to power a serial port under linux?

  - by Lex

  I got a serial to ethernet device connected to a Serial (COM) port on a Linux machine (debian etch), I connected it correctly but it did not power up, I suppose I need to power the device port, anyone knows how to power it under linux? Thankyou in advance.

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• Input not supported message when monitor is powered off then back on

  - by Jason Down

  I've been getting a message on my monitor where "Input not supported" is floating around. This only happens when I manually turn the monitor off and then later turn it back on. Leaving the monitor on and allowing it to go to the screen saver doesn't seem to cause the issue (but I prefer to turn the monitor off if I'm going to be away from the computer for any length of time). Any ideas what might cause this, only when the monitor is turned off manually? Specs: Acer X203w mointor Radeon 9600 Pro Video card Linux Mint 8 Resolution 1680 x 1050 (16:10 - Preferred native resolution for the monitor) Refresh Rate 60hz Here is what is in my xorg.conf file: Section "Device" Identifier "Radeon 9600" Driver "ati" BusID "PCI:1:0:0" Option "XAANoOffscreenPixmaps" Option "AccelMethod" "XAA" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Default Screen" Device "Radeon 9600" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Depth 24 Modes "1680x1050" "1440x900" "1024x768" EndSubSection EndSection Section "DRI" Mode 0666 EndSection Section "Extensions" Option "Composite" "Enable" EndSection

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• picking a linux compatable motherboard

  - by Chris

  Last time I bought a new computer (I build them myself) I got a motherboard that had really poor linux support for a long time. Specifically the audio. I had to wait months before the kernel supported the on board audio chipset. That is exactly the situation I'm trying to avoid this time around. I have some specific questions about "server motherboards" actually. I looked at a few models of server motherboards by intel, and some random models on newegg. I wasn't able to see much of a difference from regular desktop motherboard other than most had two sockets, and support for much more ram. These boards seem more popular with Linux users. Why? AMD and Intel both have server CPUs as well. Some question, what's the difference? To make this question more concrete, I was looking at this this motherboard. The main questions about it that I can't answer are: Can I get a motherboard without on board raid and audio? I wanted to get a hardware raid controller and a PCI audio card. I thought a server motherboard would be cheaper and not have these "extras", since who wants an audio card on a server? Where can I found out about Linux support for the components on this board? "Intel ICH10R", "Realtek ALC889", "Marvell 88E8056" I'm buying this computer to work as a Linux desktop for a lot of compiling, coding and audio/video work, but I don't want to rule out the possibility of installing windows and playing some games at one point. (even if the last game I got has been sitting in its box unopened for almost a year). Is it a good idea to buy a "server motherboard" and play games on it, or are desktop boards better value for this? The ultimate solution for me would be a motherboard that had GPL divers for onboard LAN, a single CPU socket, lots of PCI express and PCI. USB 3.0, and no fancy hard disk controllers since I'll be getting a separate one.

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• View hidden contents of usb device

  - by Srikanth Suresh

  I have a USB with the following contents on ls -lah total 8.0K drwx------ 1 srikanth srikanth 4.0K May 27 22:54 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K May 28 19:37 .. -rw------- 2 srikanth srikanth 0 May 27 22:52 Files.az3w On viewing the properties of the folder I have the following information: 90.4Mb used and 16.1GB free There is data in this pen drive which I am currently unable to view also it is sensitive. After searching about hiding contents in a USB I think that there is a hidden partition here that I cant access. How should I proceed to view the contents without damaging the files already present?

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• HALEVT troubleshooting: VFAT usb storage device gets mounted with root:root user:group

  - by Nova deViator

  Hi, i'm banging my head for number of days around this problem. using Halevt for automounting, everything mostly works, but the only thing is that Halevt mounts external USB storage devices as root. So, as user i cannot write to files on them. Halevt gets run as halevt user on boot through /etc/init.d script. This is Ubuntu Lucid with Awesome WM. No GDM. Running halevt as user seem to not work (halevt runs but doesn't respond on Insert) I know HAL is deprecated and removed and i should probably write my own UDEV rules, but until then it seems there must a be simple hack that enables mounting VFAT/NTFS devices with specific uid/gid. this question/answer helps a lot, but not specifically to the above.

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• Get Illegal Instruction error when booting Linux in VirtualBox, works fine when booted directly

  - by rkjnsn

  I have a computer on which I am dual booting Windows 7 and Gentoo Linux (both 64-bit). I want to be able to load up my Linux installation in a VM while I am booted into Windows. I have installed VirtualBox and followed the instructions for creating a raw disk VMDK. When I start the VM, Linux starts booting, but then fails with the following error when unlocking my root partition: truecrypt[441] trap invalid opcode ip:373615538e0 sp:3dd0e0dfb60 error:0 in libpixman-1.so.0[373614d6000+8d000] Everything works fine when I boot into Linux directly. What could cause an illegal instruction to be hit in libpixman only when booting in VirtualBox? Update: As a troubleshooting step, I recompiled pixman without "-march", and no longer get an illegal instruction error in that library. (The boot fails in the same spot with the same error in a different library, however.) How can I determine the specific opcode that isn't working in VirtualBox so I can disable it in my CFLAGS without having to disable all CPU-specific optimizations? I am still confused as to why there would be any user-mode instruction that would fail to work in a VM. Is this a known limitation? My CPU is an Intel Core i7 3720QM, and I have hardware virtualization support enabled.

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• Create XFS volume on /dev/sg* device

  - by cpt.Buggy

  Now I have couple of Supermicro 24x2Tb SATA servers and I have now idea how to get access to disks. I need to create XFS volume on each of them but really don't know how to do it, because fdisk doesn't see them. # sg_scan -i /dev/sg0: scsi0 channel=0 id=0 lun=0 [em] ATA ST3250318AS CC38 [rmb=0 cmdq=0 pqual=0 pdev=0x0] /dev/sg1: scsi1 channel=0 id=0 lun=0 [em] ATA ST3250318AS CC38 [rmb=0 cmdq=0 pqual=0 pdev=0x0] /dev/sg2: scsi6 channel=1 id=8 lun=0 [em] Hitachi HDS722020ALA330 JKAO [rmb=0 cmdq=1 pqual=1 pdev=0x0] ... ... ... /dev/sg25: scsi6 channel=1 id=31 lun=0 [em] Hitachi HDS722020ALA330 JKAO [rmb=0 cmdq=1 pqual=1 pdev=0x0] /dev/sg26: scsi6 channel=3 id=0 lun=0 [em] LSILOGIC SASX36 A.1 7017 [rmb=0 cmdq=1 pqual=0 pdev=0xd] # sg_map /dev/sg0 /dev/sda /dev/sg1 /dev/sdb /dev/sg2 .. ... ... /dev/sg25 /dev/sg26 I can't use fdisk and mkfs, what should I do?

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• Why do hosts prefer Linux to Windows Server?

  - by iconiK

  So far I see a HUGE majority of hosts provide only Linux shared hosting, providing Windows only to VPS (or even to only dedicated servers). Why is it so? While Windows is a lot more expensive than Linux (though it depends on a lot of factors, not just initial and support license cost), it also provides ASP.NET, IIS and of course, Microsoft SQL Server. I know in the past it might have been because of cPanel being Linux only but now they have a Windows version. But still, why is Linux predominantly used on shared hosting? PHP works on both systems. IIS can be (and probably is) faster. MySQL runs on both systems as well. cPanel has a Windows version. Python, Perl, Ruby, all run on Windows as well. You even have MS SQL Server Express, which I find more superior than MySQL in both speed and features. Access is there for low usage requirements, as is SQLite (which is so great for quick small stuff). And with PowerShell you have a good alternative to the Unix shell. EDIT: I am looking for common reasons, I realize each hosting company (and/or it's clients) may have different needs. This becomes very important when you get to VPS or Cloud which give you a full operating system to use.

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• How to get an inactive RAID device working again?

  - by Jonik

  After booting, my RAID1 device (/dev/md_d0 *) sometimes goes in some funny state and I cannot mount it. * Originally I created /dev/md0 but it has somehow changed itself into /dev/md_d0. # mount /opt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md_d0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error (could this be the IDE device where you in fact use ide-scsi so that sr0 or sda or so is needed?) In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so The RAID device appears to be inactive somehow: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md_d0 : inactive sda4[0](S) 241095104 blocks # mdadm --detail /dev/md_d0 mdadm: md device /dev/md_d0 does not appear to be active. Question is, how to make the device active again (using mdmadm, I presume)? (Other times it's alright (active) after boot, and I can mount it manually without problems. But it still won't mount automatically even though I have it in /etc/fstab: /dev/md_d0 /opt ext4 defaults 0 0 So a bonus question: what should I do to make the RAID device automatically mount at /opt at boot time?) This is an Ubuntu 9.10 workstation. Background info about my RAID setup in this question. Edit: My /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf looks like this. I've never touched this file, at least by hand. # by default, scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) for MD superblocks. # alternatively, specify devices to scan, using wildcards if desired. DEVICE partitions # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR <my mail address> # definitions of existing MD arrays # This file was auto-generated on Wed, 27 Jan 2010 17:14:36 +0200 In /proc/partitions the last entry is md_d0 at least now, after reboot, when the device happens to be active again. (I'm not sure if it would be the same when it's inactive.) Resolution: as Jimmy Hedman suggested, I took the output of mdadm --examine --scan: ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=de8fbd92[...] and added it in /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf, which seems to have fixed the main problem. After changing /etc/fstab to use /dev/md0 again (instead of /dev/md_d0), the RAID device also gets automatically mounted!

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• Routing table on Linux not respected

  - by MRHaarmann

  I have a very specific problem, building a Linux VPN endpoint (with external VPN Gateway), which should route certain networks over the tunnel, others via default gateway. The Linux VPN should do a NAT on the outgoing connections for the VPN peers. Setup is as following: Internet gateway LAN 192.168.25.1/24 VPN Gateway LAN 10.45.99.2/24 (VPN tunnel 10.45.99.1 to net 87.115.17.40/29, separate connection to Internet) Linux VPN Router eth0 192.168.25.71/24 eth0:503 10.45.99.1/24 Default 192.168.25.1 route to 87.115.17.40/29 via 10.45.99.2 (send_redirects disabled, ip_forward enabled) Linux clients (multiple): eth0 192.168.25.x/24 Default 192.168.25.1 route to 87.115.17.40/29 via 192.168.25.71 Ping to the machines via tunnel from the VPN Router is working. Now I want to establish a routing from my clients over the VPN gateway and the client packet gets routed to 192.168.25.1 ! traceroute output shows the packets get routed to 192.168.25.71, but then to 192.168.25.1. So the route is not respected in forward ! IPTables and Routing: ip route show 87.115.17.40/29 via 10.45.99.2 dev eth0 10.45.99.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.45.99.1 192.168.25.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.25.71 default via 192.168.25.1 dev eth0 iptables -A INPUT -i eth0:503 -j REJECT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0:503 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0:503 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -s 192.168.25.0/24 -o eth0:503 -j ACCEPT So what is wrong with my setup ? The route is chosen correctly from localhost, but all the clients get forwarded to the Internet GW. thanks for helping, Marcus

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• Linux virtualization choices with graphic acceleration / video card support

  - by Urbn

  I am in the process of building a new desktop machine for work and fun. I am looking to run a undecided flavor of Linux (guessing Ubuntu) as my primary OS and several Windows installs with a Windows 7 install for .net development and gaming as virtualized environments. From my previous experiences with virtualization software in Linux I was never able to find an application that offered descent video card support / graphic acceleration etc. to be capable of playing any games within one of the virtualized environments. And since I will be investing quite a bit of money into this system for gaming I would naturally want to find the best option available to achieve this setup. So Onto my question: Is there any virtualization software available for Linux that has full video card support, graphic acceleration and capable of taking advantage of everything the video cards have to offer within the virtualized environments? Or am I stuck with running Windows 7 as my primary OS and using virtualization for Linux and the other OS's? Also I have no preference on open/closed source and price range would be up to $175.00 to support at least 3 virtualized environments.

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