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• Properly Hosting Multiple Sites on VDS

  - by Aristotle

  I'm going to be moving about 7-10 websites (5-8 with Databases - MySQL) onto our new Virtual Private Server. I'm curious what the best way to host many sites on a single server is though. Do I create a directory for each site immediately within my root directory, and then point the domain names for each site to http://123.123.123.123/siteDirectory - or is there a more appropriate way to do this? I'm very interested in maintining control over how many concurent connections each site can have at any given time - would I be able to do that on the directory-level, or am I required to limit the concurrent-connections to the VPS itself?

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• Help setting up NSD daemon (DNS server)

  - by Catalin

  While searching for a secure dns server I came across the NSD project. I was really impressed by what seemed to me the best option out there that's open source. One problem thought their 'tutorial' is really not beginner friendly. I have basic DNS knoledge but what's in there is out of my league. I need to have multiple sites on this CentOS server I've recently got my hands on. They also need to receive email. Details: I have a master host and would love to set this in the way described in the rows that follow: masterhost.com -> ns1.masterhost.com mail.masterhost.com www.masterhost.com addonhost.com -> ns1.masterhost.com mail.masterhost.com www.addonhost.com And so on. Any help in setting up this DNS server please? All answers and suggestions are welcomed. Thank you in advance.

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• Display \n characters as newlines when using tail?

  - by GSto

  I have a file that I am trying to read by using tail -f. I was wondering if there was a way to have the terminal output an actual line break instead of the \n character.

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• file-name encoding problems

  - by tenhouse

  I googled over this topic but couldn't find what I was looking for... the following "happend" to me: I had my files stored on a NTFS-USB Harddisk, because of space problems I moved them to an ext3 system....somehow the filename (content is still ok as far as I saw) encoding screwed up....my files look like the following now: Kküken <--- should have an "ü" Jäger <--- should be an "ä" Zwölf <--- should be an "ö" fünfte <-- should be an "ü" etc .... These are just examples, but already give me my first question Why has the "ü" two different representations? (Maybe I screw up, before I screw up and now I have a mixing of x different encoding-layers? :) ) I tried the following command: convmv -r -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-1 * This command work for some files (for example Zwölf) but not for all: iso-8859-1 doesn't cover all needed characters for: "fünfte" So Iguess it must be another encoding - but which? How can I find out this? And is there any way that I can still fix all of this?

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• Why might apache2 use 100% of CPU at startup?

  - by QuantumMechanic

  This is apache 2.2.14 on SLES9. Out of nowhere (i.e. it had been working fine for ages) I am seeing apache2 suddenly start using 100% of the CPU at startup, and never completing startup. Nothing is getting written to /var/log/error_log (when it did back when things were OK). ps only shows the main httpd process and not any of the spawned threads. When things were OK, it would show the spawned threads. So it appears httpd is going into some sort of infinite loop right at startup and isn't even completing startup. It's not an issue of being overloaded by connections -- this happens even when nothing is trying to contact it. The config files haven't changed (or at least they haven't changed in a way that changed their last-modified time). I've tried added -e debug -E /var/log/apache2/startup_info to the command line, but nothing is put in the file. Any ideas what could be happening?

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• smartctl or hddtemp for xvda [on hold]

  - by HST

  I'm trying to check the state of the drives on a remote server running Debian wheezy. I'm using a software RAID10 on top of, I guess, xen, since the entries in /dev are /dev/xvda and /dev/xvdb But it I try smartctl -a /dev/xvda I get /dev/xvda: Unable to detect device type Smartctl: please specify device type with the -d option. I've tried various device type guesses, none work Similar problem with hddtemp, which reports ERROR: /dev/xvda: can't determine bus type (or this bus type is unknown) I've searched the smartmontools documentation, but can't find any discussion of virtual disks. . . How do I get behind the virtualisation to something smart tools or hddtemp can work with?

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• sudo midnight commander

  - by mit

  I sometimes start midnight commander as superuser with the command sudo mc to do some operations on the current working directory as superuser. But this results in ~/.mc having the wrong permissions, which I need to fix manually. Any solution? Edit: I accepted an answer. I want to further add, that .mc is a directory, so my solution goes like this: $ cd ~ ~$ sudo chown -R mit.mit .mc ~$ chmod 775 .mc ~$ cd .mc ~$ chmod -R 664 .mc ~/.mc$ chmod 775 cedit It seems not to be a good idea after installing mc to use sudo on its first start .

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• netstat -ntap doesn't show pid/process name for some connections?

  - by depesz

  I have ubuntu/hardy server, with kernel 2.6.24-23-server and netstat: # netstat --version net-tools 1.60 netstat 1.42 (2001-04-15) The problem is that we have a lot of ESTABLISHED connections that don't show PID nor Program name in netstat -ntap output. Netstat was called from root, there are no chroots, grsecurity, nor anything like this (or so I was told :). Any idea on what might be wrong? UPDATE lsof -n -i works ok, and shows pid/process name for the connections.

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• Screen -X exec commands not working until manually attached

  - by James Watt

  I have a batch script that starts a java server application inside of a screen. The command looks like this: cd /dir/ && screen -A -m -d -S javascreen java -Xms640M -Xmx1024M -jar javaserverapp.jar nogui After I run the batch script, it starts the server and puts it inside the correct screen. If I list my screens after, I see something like this: user@gtwy /dir $ screen -list There is a screen on: 16180.javascreen (Detached) 1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-user. However, I have a second batch script that sends automated commands to this server and runs on a different crontab interval. Because of the way the application works, I send commands to it like this (this command tells it to alert connected users "testing 123"): screen -X exec .\!\! echo say testing 123 I've also tried: screen -R -X exec .\!\! echo say testing 123 screen -S javascreen -X exec .\!\! echo say testing 123 Unfortunately, these commands DO NOT WORK. They don't even give me an error message, they just do nothing. HOWEVER - If I manually attach to the screen first (with the below command) and then detach, now I can run any of the above commands flawlessly. I can demonstrate this with a video, if I wasn't clear enough here. screen -r -d Thanks in advance. Update: here is the important parts of /etc/screenrc. It should be totally vanilla, I've never edited this file. # VARIABLES # =============================================================== # No annoying audible bell, using "visual bell" # vbell on # default: off # vbell_msg " -- Bell,Bell!! -- " # default: "Wuff,Wuff!!" # Automatically detach on hangup. autodetach on # default: on # Don't display the copyright page startup_message off # default: on # Uses nethack-style messages # nethack on # default: off # Affects the copying of text regions crlf off # default: off # Enable/disable multiuser mode. Standard screen operation is singleuser. # In multiuser mode the commands acladd, aclchg, aclgrp and acldel can be used # to enable (and disable) other user accessing this screen session. # Requires suid-root. multiuser off # Change default scrollback value for new windows defscrollback 1000 # default: 100 # Define the time that all windows monitored for silence should # wait before displaying a message. Default 30 seconds. silencewait 15 # default: 30 # bufferfile: The file to use for commands # "readbuf" ('<') and "writebuf" ('>'): bufferfile $HOME/.screen_exchange # # hardcopydir: The directory which contains all hardcopies. # hardcopydir ~/.hardcopy # hardcopydir ~/.screen # # shell: Default process started in screen's windows. # Makes it possible to use a different shell inside screen # than is set as the default login shell. # If begins with a '-' character, the shell will be started as a login shell. # shell zsh # shell bash # shell ksh shell -$SHELL # shellaka '> |tcsh' # shelltitle '$ |bash' # emulate .logout message pow_detach_msg "Screen session of \$LOGNAME \$:cr:\$:nl:ended." # caption always " %w --- %c:%s" # caption always "%3n %t%? @%u%?%? [%h]%?%=%c" # advertise hardstatus support to $TERMCAP # termcapinfo * '' 'hs:ts=\E_:fs=\E\\:ds=\E_\E\\' # set every new windows hardstatus line to somenthing descriptive # defhstatus "screen: ^En (^Et)" # don't kill window after the process died # zombie "^["

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• How do I make XTerm not use bold?

  - by mike

  I like using XTerm, I like its default "fixed" font, and I like using terminal colors rather than having a monochromatic terminal. However, XTerm seems to insist on using a bold version of the font whenever it's displaying a bright color: I hate hate hate the bold version of the font, but I like the brightness. The man page seems to suggest that adding "XTerm.VT100.boldMode:false" to my ~/.Xresources would disable this "feature", but it doesn't seem to have any effect. I've had it in there for months, so it's not a rebooting issue. How can I force XTerm to always use the standard, non-bold version of the fixed font, even when it's displaying bright text? Edit: Some have suggested putting "XTerm*boldMode: false" in my ~/.Xresources. That didn't help either. I've confirmed that the changes have taken effect with xrdb, though: $ xrdb -query | grep boldMode XTerm*boldMode: false And if i run xprop and click an xterm, I get "WM_CLASS(STRING) = "xterm", "XTerm"" .. so i'm definitely running real xterms. BTW, this is just a plain-vanilla Ubuntu Intrepid box. If anyone else here is running the same, can you try running: echo -e '#\e[1m#' ...and let me know whether the # on the right has a black pixel in the middle like the one on the left does?

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• How can i change the SSH port used on Plesk 9 for Migration Manager?

  - by Matthew Lanham

  Hey All, My hosting company have a non standard SSH port configured on my current server, i am now looking to migrate to a new server and want to use the Plesk Migration Manager, however it seems that you cannot specify the port in the host name like 127.0.0.1:xxx Any ideas? and thanks!

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• Filesystem access through web interface

  - by Jorge Suárez de Lis

  I have an SSH+Samba server so people can access its files from anywhere on the network. I thought it would be also interesting to provide access through a web interface, so they can access the files even when they don't have access to the VPN or a Samba/SSH client. Something like the Ubuntu One or Dropbox web interface. The http server could be on the same machine as the SSH+Samba, so it should just provide access to local files and some way to login with their username/password. Someone knows any software like this?

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• "Must have" "Launcher" applications?

  - by levi rosol

  What applications do you use for quickly launching applications, websites, folder paths, etc? Post one application per response, and include a URL.

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• Which server software and configuration to retrieve from multiple POP servers, routing by address to correct user

  - by rolinger

  I am setting up a small email server on a Debian machine, which needs to pick up mail from a variety of POP servers and figure out who to send it to from the address, but I'm not clear what software will do what I need, although it seems like a very simple question! For example, I have 2 users, Alice and Bob. Any email to [email protected] ([email protected] etc) should go to Alice, all other mail to domain.example.com should go to Bob. Any email to [email protected] should go to Bob, and [email protected] should go to Alice Anything to *@bobs.place.com should go to Bob And so on... The idea is to pull together a load of mail addresses that have built up over the years and present them all as a single mailbox for Bob and another one for Alice. I'm expecting something like Postfix + Dovecot + Amavis + Spamassassin + Squirrelmail to fit the bill, but I'm not sure where the above comes in, can Postfix deal with it as a set of defined regular expressions, or is it a job for Amavis, or something else entirely? Do I need fetchmail in this mix, or is its role now included in one of the other components above. I think of it as content-filtering, but everything I read about content-filtering is focussed on detecting spam rather than routing email.

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• How to keep variable preserve while running script through ssh

  - by Ali Raza

  I am trying to run while loop with read through ssh: #!/bin/bash ssh [email protected] "cat /var/log/syncer/rm_filesystem.log | while read path; do stat -c \"%Y %n\" "$path" >> /tmp/fs_10.10.10.10.log done" But the issue is my variable $path is resolving on my localhost where as I want to resolve it on remote host so that it can read file on remote host and take stat of all folder/files listed in "rm_filesystem.log"

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• USB resets with Ubuntu 9.10

  - by Grumbel

  Since the upgrade to Ubuntu 9.10 I have issues with getting USB device resets on my Maxtor OneTouch USB harddrive: Nov 9 20:54:37 localhost kernel: [32459.100021] usb 2-2: reset high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 4 Nov 9 21:54:37 localhost kernel: [36059.100017] usb 2-2: reset high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 4 Nov 9 23:24:37 localhost kernel: [41459.112025] usb 2-2: reset high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 4 The device itself continues to work fine, the resets however wake the device out of its sleep state and thus cause it to spin up, which is very annoying. Interestingly, as the log shows, the resets happen at pretty regular intervals (i.e. one hour or half an hour), not randomly. An USB card reader seems to have the same issues, while another USB harddrive from a different manufactor works fine on the same PC. What could be causing this and how could I fix it?

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• Ubuntu - Commands:: How can i run zend studio 7.2 from ubuntu command line?

  - by meyosef

  Hi, Ubuntu - Commands:: How can i run zend studio 7.2 from ubuntu command line? I try $ sudo zend-studio but its not work, What is proper command? How can I see all my installed program from command line? Thanks

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• Ubuntu log in dialog hot key

  - by bguiz

  Hi, I am having trouble starting up Ubuntu (Karmic). Bascially I get to the bit where the log in dialog is supposed to appear, but it doesn't. Is there a hot key of some sort to force the login dialog to appear? Thanks! Full details here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=9290145#post9290145

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• Passive Scan using wpa_supplicant-0.7.3

  - by Ashish Yadav

  I am using wpa_supplicant-0.7.3 and WL12xx TI Driver(WiFi) . Looking into both code,I seen that both support passive scan . Also, nl80211 driver is used (not wext). I am not able to find any command for passive scan in wpa_cli . With iw , for passive scan we can use : iw dev wlan0 scan passive Similar I want to do passive scan using wpa_supplicant . So need help to know how to do passive scan using wpa_supplicant?

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• Java issues with Apache 2.0 Agent 2.202 for RHEL5 Linux 64bit

  - by Richard

  In trying to install Apache 2.0 Agent 2.202 for RHEL5 Linux 64bit, the dialogue appears as follows. $ ./setup Error : java is not present in path. Please enter JAVAHOME path to pick up java:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64/jre/ Launching installer... Attach to native process failed $ ./setup Error : java is not present in path. Please enter JAVAHOME path to pick up java:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64/jre/lib ./setup: line 80: [: 107:: integer expression expected ./setup: line 83: [: 107:: integer expression expected Error : Incorrect java version (1.2.2 or above is needed). Please enter JAVAHOME path to pick up java: On the server we have the following JREs and I've tried both. $ sudo rpm -qa | egrep "(openjdk|icedtea)" java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0-1.27.1.10.8.el5_8 $ find 2>/dev/null | grep -i '/jre/' ./usr/lib/jvm/java-1.4.2-gcj-1.4.2.0/jre/bin/ ... ./usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64/jre/ Any suggestions? I know I'm overlooking something. In previous searches I've only found one other posting that comes close but it has no responses (http://forum.parallels.com/showthread.php?t=76556).

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• Should I install software on a "SAN"

  - by am2605

  Hi, I need to set up ColdFusion 9 on a ubuntu server that has a SAN disk mounted. Is it appropriate to install the CF server software on this disk? I don't really understand the ins and outs of what a SAN is, so I am not sure if the intention is for me to solely install web content on it or whether the server software itself should go here too. Any advice would be extremeness welcome. Many thanks, Andrew.

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• Diagnosing high CPU waiting

  - by Will

  I have a monitoring server that is running icinga/collectd/graphite with about 50 hosts. I have noticed high load/slugging performance on the box. If you take a look at top, you'll see: Cpu(s): 0.6%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 7.6%id, 23.4%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Notice the HUGE %wa value, which as far as I know means a network or disk bottleneck. ifconfig shows no dropping packets and there's not a ton of bandwidth going on, so that leaves disk issues, right? There's not a lot of disk writing going on either...iotop is reporting we're only writing a little over 1 MB per second and the RAID tool reports everything is A-OK and write caching is enabled. How do I go about trying to figure out how to fix this? UPDATE: iostat -x output is: avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.62 0.10 0.31 9.65 0.00 89.31 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.21 33.34 83.55 16.54 1599.94 399.07 19.97 43.21 416.98 3.71 37.13

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• GNU watch - how do I make it read my environment (aliases, functions, etc)

  - by Artem Russakovskii

  This one has been bugging me for a while: I want to use the marvelous GNU watch command to run a few custom aliases and functions that are defined in my .bashrc, but it is never able to run anything except bash built-ins or binaries. watch -d foo The output is always: foo: command not found How can I make it inherit my environment or use the .bashrc? Thank you.

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• ssh-keygen works for root only?

  - by Hulk

  Does ssh-keygen -t rsa work if only set for root user i.e, if the username on local system is sodium and i generate the key using the above said command and on the remote system if i place the key in /root/.ssh authorized_keys ,this works. But on the remote system if the key is placed in /home/natrium/.ssh authorized_keys This still prompts for a password.Is this the expected behavior or is that some thing wrong in the above procedure Thanks..

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• why is rdiff-backup not compatible with encfs ---reverse

  - by user330273

  I'm trying to use encfs with rdiff-backup to ensure that my backups to a remote server are encrypted. The easiest way to do this would be to use encfs --reverse - which means encfs will create a virtual encrypted file system, which I can then backup using rdiff-backup. Except that it doesn't work. Rdiff-backup fails every time with an "input/output error" on the encfs virtual filesystem. It seems I'm not the only one with this problem, but no one has said what the problem is: this person reported the same issue, but was just told to use sshfs instead (see below on that); in this question on serverfault, one of the answers just states that "rdiff-backup seems to have trouble accessing the EncFS-reverse filesystem." There's an open bug report on the Debian bug tracker(bug 731413, I can't post the link) on this bug, but it's been open since December 2013 with no response. Does anyone know what the problem actually is? Is there a workaround? I can't use the two most commonly suggested alternatives - sshfs and then running encfs on that, or using Duplicity - as both require a much higher bandwidth connection than I have access to (Duplicity requires regular full backups).

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