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• debian packages version convention

  - by JackWu

  I'm using debian/Ubuntu, and get confused about versions of packages. When using dpkg -l command, I get: ii vim 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor ii vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - Common files ii vim-runtime 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - Runtime files ii vim-tiny 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version ii virt-what 1.11-1 detect if we are running in a virtual machine ii w3m 0.5.3-5ubuntu1 WWW browsable pager with excellent tables/frames support ii watershed 6 reduce superfluous executions of idempotent command ii wget 1.13.4-2ubuntu1 retrieves files from the web ii whiptail 0.52.11-2ubuntu10 Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts ii whoopsie 0.1.33 Ubuntu crash database submission daemon ii wimlib9 1.5.0-1~webupd8~precise Library to extract, create, modify, and mount WIM files ii wimtools 1.5.0-1~webupd8~precise Tools to extract, create, modify, and mount WIM files ii wireless-tools 30~pre9-5ubuntu2 Tools for manipulating Linux Wireless Extensions ii wpasupplicant 0.7.3-6ubuntu2.1 client support for WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) ii x11-common 1:7.6+12ubuntu2 X Window System (X.Org) infrastructure ii x11-utils 7.6+4ubuntu0.1 X11 utilities ii xauth 1:1.0.6-1 X authentication utility ii xbitmaps 1.1.1-1 Base X bitmaps ii xclip 0.12-1 command line interface to X selections ii xfonts-encodings 1:1.0.4-1ubuntu1 Encodings for X.Org fonts ii xfonts-utils 1:7.6+1 X Window System font utility programs ii xkb-data 2.5-1ubuntu1.3 X Keyboard Extension (XKB) configuration data ii xml-core 0.13 XML infrastructure and XML catalog file support rc xpdf 3.02-21build1 Portable Document Format (PDF) reader ii xterm 271-1ubuntu2.1 X terminal emulator ii xz-lzma 5.1.1alpha+20110809-3 XZ-format compression utilities - compatibility commands ii xz-utils 5.1.1alpha+20110809-3 XZ-format compression utilities ii zabbix-agent 1:1.8.11-1 network monitoring solution - agent ii zlib1g 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 compression library - runtime ii zlib1g-dev 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 compression library - development ii zsh 4.3.17-1ubuntu1 shell with lots of features The third column is version, but it all messed up in a way I can't understand. I mean, different packages use total different naming specification. Here are the major questions: Why there are ubuntu in them, and there are not? what all the special -~+ mean? alpha and build, dfsg, what are they? Can I just use them casually? vim and other packages have 2:, what does that mean? How version comparison works, since they can be so different? Can anyone please explain this to me? Or where can I find an official document? Thanks in advance.

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• Cannot connect to WEBrick on home network

  - by Chris Stewart

  I'm an Android developer and often my applications require server-side code. I typically use Ruby on Rails for the web app, and during development will run the server on my local machine (Mac OS X) with WEBrick. In the morning when I get to the office, I'll run ifconfig in the console to see what IP my laptop has been given that day. I'll use that IP in my Android app when making requests to the web app in question. This all works fine, when I'm in my office. When I get home, I attempt to do the same thing, find my laptop's IP via ifconfig, set it in my app's config file, but the destination can never be found. To exclude my app from the set of hurdles, I attempt to visit the web server IP (e.g., http://192.168.1.4:3000) from my phone's browser, and it cannot connect. If I try from my laptop, which is running the web server, it works fine. If I try from another machine, on the same network, it also is unable to connect. Given this, I think I've narrowed it down to some kind of configuration in my home network, but I frankly have no idea what the cause could be. I don't have anything special at home, your basic Verizon FiOS router/modem with everything connected via Wi-Fi (Wi-Fi for both phone and laptop at work as well, fyi). I've tried disabling the firewall on my Verizon router, enabling port forwarding, and just about everything else I could do for port 3000, and nothing has changed. Dear Server Fault geniuses, please help a poor developer out. :) Edit: Some follow up items to add. My Mac's firewall is not active, and all incoming requests are allowed. I've also verified on my phone and laptop, that they're on the same network (192.168.1.4 Mac, 192.168.1.9 Phone). I have no idea why this isn't working. Edit 2: I went into System Preferences, enabled Web Sharing, and tried to view the website from my phone and it didn't connect. So it's not WEBrick or related to Rails. The firewall on my machine is off and the firewall on my router is off. Edit 3: Some progress. I set up port forwarding for port 3000 to my laptop, found the external IP, and used that and it connected fine. So, there's definitely something not quite set up correctly on my internal network.

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• Cannot install grub to RAID1 (md0)

  - by Andrew Answer

  I have a RAID1 array on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and my /sda HDD has been replaced several days ago. I use this commands to replace: # go to superuser sudo bash # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded" # remove broken disk from RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1 mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1 # see partitions fdisk -l # shutdown computer shutdown now # physically replace old disk by new # start system again # see partitions fdisk -l # copy partitions from sdb to sda sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sda # recreate id for sda sfdisk --change-id /dev/sda 1 fd # add sda1 to RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1 # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded, recovering" # to see status you can use cat /proc/mdstat This is the my mdadm output after sync: /dev/md0: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Feb 17 16:18:25 2010 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 470455360 (448.66 GiB 481.75 GB) Used Dev Size : 470455360 (448.66 GiB 481.75 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Nov 1 15:19:31 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 92e6ff4e:ed3ab4bf:fee5eb6c:d9b9cb11 Events : 0.11049560 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 After bebuilding completion "fdisk -l" says what I have not valid partition table /dev/md0. This is my fdisk -l output: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00057d19 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sda5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000667ca Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/md0: 481.7 GB, 481746288640 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 117613840 cylinders, total 940910720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table This is my grub install output: root@answe:~# grub-install /dev/sda /usr/sbin/grub-setup: warn: Attempting to install GRUB to a disk with multiple partition labels or both partition label and filesystem. This is not supported yet.. /usr/sbin/grub-setup: error: embedding is not possible, but this is required for cross-disk install. root@answe:~# grub-install /dev/sdb Installation finished. No error reported. So 1) "update-grub" find only /sda and /sdb Linux, not /md0 2) "dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc" says "GRUB failed to install the following devices /dev/md0" I cannot load my system except from /sdb1 and /sda1, but in DEGRADED mode... Anybody can resolve this issue? I have big headache with this.

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• How to keep group-writeable shares on Samba with OSX clients?

  - by Oliver Salzburg

  I have a FreeNAS server on a network with OSX and Windows clients. When the OSX clients interact with SMB/CIFS shares on the server, they are causing permission problems for all other clients. Update: I can no longer verify any answers because we abandoned the project, but feel free to post any help for future visitors. The details of this behavior seem to also be dependent on the version of OSX the client is running. For this question, let's assume a client running 10.8.2. When I mount the CIFS share on an OSX client and create a new directory on it, the directory will be created with drwxr-x-rx permissions. This is undesirable because it will not allow anyone but me to write to the directory. There are other users in my group which should have write permissions as well. This behavior happens even though the following settings are present in smb.conf on the server: [global] create mask= 0666 directory mask= 0777 [share] force directory mode= 0775 force create mode= 0660 I was under the impression that these settings should make sure that directories are at least created with rwxrwxr-x permissions. But, I guess, that doesn't stop the client from changing the permissions after creating the directory. When I create a folder on the same share from a Windows client, the new folder will have the desired access permissions (rwxrwxrwx), so I'm currently assuming that the problem lies with the OSX client. I guess this wouldn't be such an issue if you could easily change the permissions of the directories you've created, but you can't. When opening the directory info in Finder, I get the old "You have custom access" notice with no ability to make any changes. I'm assuming that this is caused because we're using Windows ACLs on the share, but that's just a wild guess. Changing the write permissions for the group through the terminal works fine, but this is unpractical for the deployment and unreasonable to expect from anyone to do. This is the complete smb.conf: [global] encrypt passwords = yes dns proxy = no strict locking = no read raw = yes write raw = yes oplocks = yes max xmit = 65535 deadtime = 15 display charset = LOCALE max log size = 10 syslog only = yes syslog = 1 load printers = no printing = bsd printcap name = /dev/null disable spoolss = yes smb passwd file = /var/etc/private/smbpasswd private dir = /var/etc/private getwd cache = yes guest account = nobody map to guest = Bad Password obey pam restrictions = Yes # NOTE: read smb.conf. directory name cache size = 0 max protocol = SMB2 netbios name = freenas workgroup = COMPANY server string = FreeNAS Server store dos attributes = yes hostname lookups = yes security = user passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://ldap.company.local ldap admin dn = cn=admin,dc=company,dc=local ldap suffix = dc=company,dc=local ldap user suffix = ou=Users ldap group suffix = ou=Groups ldap machine suffix = ou=Computers ldap ssl = off ldap replication sleep = 1000 ldap passwd sync = yes #ldap debug level = 1 #ldap debug threshold = 1 ldapsam:trusted = yes idmap uid = 10000-39999 idmap gid = 10000-39999 create mask = 0666 directory mask = 0777 client ntlmv2 auth = yes dos charset = CP437 unix charset = UTF-8 log level = 1 [share] path = /mnt/zfs0 printable = no veto files = /.snap/.windows/.zfs/ writeable = yes browseable = yes inherit owner = no inherit permissions = no vfs objects = zfsacl guest ok = no inherit acls = Yes map archive = No map readonly = no nfs4:mode = special nfs4:acedup = merge nfs4:chown = yes hide dot files force directory mode = 0775 force create mode = 0660

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• WIndows 7 cannot boot - bootrec reports FS not found or corrupt

  - by purecharger

  For 3 days now I've been unable to boot into my Windows 7 partition, and all my research has been to no avail. I'm hoping someone here has more ideas on how to fix this. When I boot up now, I get the black screen with BCD error that says theres no valid file system or it may be corrupt (pardon my lack of detail, no copy/paste is available then). When I boot with the Windows 7 disc and go into repair tools, no operating system is found, and attempting to automatically repair the problem fails with Unknown Operating System (Unknown Disk) or something similar. When I drop into the command prompt, I am able to see and navigate my C:\ drive without issue. I attempt to use bootrec: C:\> bootrec /ScanOS Finds C:\Windows as a system partition. C:\> bootrec /RebuildBCD Fails with volume does not contain a recognized file system. please make sure that all required file system drivers are loaded and that the volume is not corrupted. So then I attempt to fix the bootsector: C:\> bootsect /nt60 C: /force Which completes successfully (sorry, no output..) Upon rebooting, I have the same problem. I've also tried all of the above after making my Windows partition active: C:\> diskpart DISKPART> select disk 1 DISKPART> select partition 1 DISKPART> active DISKPART> exit Then bootrec as above, both with and without a reboot after the DISKPART commands. Then I've also tried rebuilding the BCD store by hand: set systemdrive=C: set tempbcd=C:\boot\bcd.temp set tempfile=C:\boot\temp.txt bcdedit -createstore %tempbcd% bcdedit.exe -store %tempbcd% -create {bootmgr} -d "Windows Boot Manager" bcdedit -store %tempbcd% -create -d "Windows Vista" -application osloader>%tempfile% set /p winvistaguid= <%tempfile% set winvistaguid=%winvistaguid:~10,38% bcdedit -store %tempbcd% -set %winvistaguid% osdevice partition=%systemdrive% bcdedit -store %tempbcd% -set %winvistaguid% device partition=%systemdrive% bcdedit -store %tempbcd% -set %winvistaguid% path \Windows\system32\winload.exe bcdedit -store %tempbcd% -set %winvistaguid% systemroot \Windows bcdedit -import %tempbcd% However on the import, I get my familiar friendly message: volume does not contain a recognized file system. please make sure that all required file system drivers are loaded and that the volume is not corrupted I'm at my wits end here, and I cannot understand why Windows refuses to see this as a valid install. When I list the disk/partition in DISKPART, it shows up as NTFS and "Healthy", and I can navigate the directory structure from DOS with no problems. I really, really do not want to reformat and reinstall. I know this problem can be solved!

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• Kernel-mode Authentication: 401 errors when accessing site from remote machines

  - by CJM

  I have several Classic ASP sites that use Integrated Windows Authentication and Kerberos delegation. They work OK on the live servers (recently moved to a Server 2008/IIS7 servers), but do not work fully on my development PC or my development server. The IIS on both machines were configured through an IIS web deployment tool package which was exported from an old machine; the deployment didn't work perfectly, and I had to tinker a bit to get the sites working. When accessing the apps locally on either machine, they work fine; when accessing from another machine, the user is prompted by a username/password dialog, and regardless of what you enter, ultimately it results in a 401 (Unauthorised) error. I've tried comparing the configuration of these machines against similar live servers (that all work fine), and they seem generally comparable (given that none of the live servers are yet on IIS7.5 (Windows 7/Server 2008 R2). These applications run in a common application pool which uses a special domain user as it's identity - this user has similar permissions on the live and development machines. On IIS6 platforms, to enable kerberos delegation, I needed to set up some SPNs for this user, and they are still in place (even though I don't believe they are needed any longer for IIS7+ due to kernel-mode authentication), Furthermore, this account is enabled for Kerberos delegation in Active Directory, as is each machine I am dealing with. I'm considering the possibility that the deployment might have made changes/failed to make changes to the IIS configuration thus causing this problem. Perhaps a complete rebuild (minus another web deployment attempt) would solve the problem, but I'd rather fix (thus understand) the current problem. Any ideas so far? I've just had another attempt at fixing this issue, and I've made some progress, but I don't have a complete fix...yet. I've discovered that if I access the sites via IP address (than via NetBIOS name), I get the same dialog, except that it accepts my credentials and thus the application works - not quite a fix, but a useful step. More interestingly, I discovered that if I disable Kernel-mode authentication (in IIS Manager Website Authentication Advanced Settings), the applications work perfectly. My foggy understanding is that this is effectively working in the pre-IIS7 way. A reasonable short-term solution, but consider the following explicit advice from IIS on this issue: By default, IIS enables kernel-mode authentication, which may improve authentication performance and prevent authentication problems with application pools configured to use a custom identity. As a best practice, do not disable this setting if Kerberos authentication is used in your environment and the application pool is configured to use a custom identity. Clearly, this is not the way my applications should be working. So what is the issue?

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• Deployment/provisioning tool for commercial applications (not developed in-house)

  - by mfinni

  I help manage a few hosted commercial applications, and we have a lot of manual processes involved when doing new customer-instance deployments into the shared (multitenant) environment. Allow me to describe the most relevant features, and then we can talk about the tools. We have an application on AIX, that requires dozens of changes to config files (some plain text, some XML) as well as a good number of commands to be run on multiple servers - some to start the new instance, some to restart our shared authentication and reporting engines, etc. The config changes follow templates, of course. The servers in question will also depend on the initial conditions specified by the implementer/deployer - we may choose to deploy a given customer to our servers in Europe, or one set of servers may be active-active whereas a different set of servers is active-passive - in short, there's a lot of complications. We have another application that run on IIS 6 and SQL. The DBAs don't want any automation of the SQL components and that's fine with me, but automating the IIS bit would be great. For a new customer instance, we make a filesystem copy of a template Virtual Directory target named after the new customer, make a new AppPool to match, edit a VirDir template .xml file to replace the filepaths and AppPool names with the new ones, and then make a new VirDir from the modified template XML to point to the new filesystem folder and app pool. For the first case, something like ControlTier or Chef might be good. For the second, the new(ish) Web Deploy from MS would probably do a good job. Has anyone used these tools or others to do something similar for applications? More of a nice-to-have, not a fixed requirement - Has anyone used anything that works on both platforms? I'm looking for something free, because the official word is that within a year, we will have whatever HP has renamed the OpsWare suite, which should be able to do stuff like this. Edit - based on someone's suggestion, looking at CFengine for the AIX application, it doesn't seem to address my pain. The problem isn't keeping a given config synced across dozens of servers, we have rsync for that. The problem is that onboarding a new customer instance touches dozens of files, putting pieces of the same or similar information into them - some are new stanzas in existing files, some are new files, and some are new directories. This is a several-hours-long process that is also error-prone because it's mostly done by hand. I guess I'm looking for config-file generation and management. I have built a small Perl script to do something similar for a much smaller case - it binds a CSV file into variables, and then does a copy-and-search-and-replace from a set of template config files. I could probably do the same here.

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• Recommendations or advice for shared computer control

  - by Telemachus

  Basic scenario: we are a school (overwhelmingly Mac, some Windows machines via BootCamp), and we are considering using DeepFreeze to guard the state of our shared machines. We have roughly 250 machines that are either shared laptops (which move around quite a bit) or common desktops in public spaces. Obviously, we spend a lot of time maintaining the machines and trying to reverse the inevitable drift as people make changes to the computers. We would like to control the integrity of the build we initially put onto the machines without handcuffing users and especially without using Mac's Parental Control software. (We've had nothing but bad experiences with it.) We've been testing DeepFreeze, and so far it's very impressive. But I'm curious to hear if people who have used DeepFreeze or any similar software have any advice or tips. To get things started, I will post my own pros and cons. Pros: The state of the machine is frozen in our chosen state. All changes made to the machine after that disappear upon restart. (This frozen state really appears to cover everything. I have yet to do something to a test machine that isn't instantly healed.) Tons of trivial but time-consuming maintenance is gone in an instant. Also, lots of not-so-trivial breakage should be avoided. There are good options, however, that allow you to create storage spaces either globally or per user. (Otherwise, stored files disappear upon reboot. For some machines, this is a good option itself. Simply warn people: save externally or else; this machine is a kiosk, not your storage space.) Cons: Anytime we actually need to make a change (upgrade basic software, add a printer or an airport permanently, add new software), the process is a bit more complex. Reboot into a special mode (thaw state), make changes, reboot back into frozen mode. If (when?) we forget this, we will end up making changes that disappear after the next reboot. Users will forget to save files correctly (in the right place or externally), and we will have loud, unpleasant conversations explaining that we can't recover the document they worked on all afternoon yesterday. The machine rebooted. The file is gone. These are my initial thoughts, but I would love to hear from other people who have experience with DeepFreeze or any similar software. What should we be careful about? Do the pros outweigh the cons? What gains or problems am I not seeing? Thanks.

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• libreadline history lines combine

  - by jettero

  This has been driving me crazy for about three years. I don't know how to fully describe the problem, but I think I can finally describe a way to recreate it. Your milage may vary. I have a mixture of ubuntu server and desktop machines of various versions and a few gentoo machines with various states of disrepair. They all seem to kindof do their own thing, although with similarities. Try this and let me know if you see the same thing. pop open two xterms (TERM=xterm) resize one so they're not the same issue screen -R test1 in one (TERM=screen) and screen -x test1 in the other hooray, typing in one shows up in the other; although notice that their different size produces artifacts and things issue a couple commands in your shell hit ^AF in the one that doesn't fit quite right, now it fits!! scroll back over the history a little goto 6 Eventually you'll notice a couple history lines combine. If you don't, then it's something unique to my setup, which spans various distributions and computers; so that's a confusing concept to me. If you see the thing I'm seeing then this: bash$ ls -al bash$ ps auxfw becomes this: bash$ ls -al; ps auxfw It doesn't happen every time. I have to really play with it — unless I don't want it to happen, then it always does. On some systems (or combinations), I get a line separator like the example above. On some systems, I do not. That I get the line separator on some systems seems to indicate to me that bash supports this behavior. Its history is entirely handled by libreadline and after perusing (ie, carefully reading) the man pages, I couldn't find a single readline setting for combining two history lines. Nor can I find anything in the bash manpage. So, how can I invoke this on purpose? Or, if I can't do that, how can I disable it completely? I would take either answer as a solution. Currently, I only see it when I don't want it.

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• How to enjoy DVD on Apple iPad

  - by user44251

  I believe many people spent a sleepless night yesterday waiting for the new Apple Tablet to come, just a few days ago or perhaps longer I noticed fierce debate about it, its name, size, capacity, processor, main features, price etc. And now, they can take a long breath with the new Apple Tablet named iPad officially released on 28, January, 2010 (Beijing Time). But I know a new battle just begins. iPad, sounds somewhat like iPod and it really shares some similarities in terms of shape like smart, light and portable. It has a 9.7-inch, LED-backlit, IPS display with a remarkable precise Multi-Touch screen. And yet, at just 1.5 lbs and 0.5 inches thin, it's easy to carry and use everywhere. It can greatly facilitates your experience with the web, emails, photos and videos. Right now, it can run almost 140.000 of the apps on the Apple store. It can even run the apps you have downloaded for your iPhone or iPod touch. But so far, I haven't seen any possibility that it can work with DVD, probability there is no built-in DVD-ROM or DVD player which can play DVD directly. As Apple iPad states, the video formats supported are MPEG-4 (MP4, M4V), H.264, MOV etc and audio formats accepted are AAC, Proteceted AAC, MP3, AIFF and WAV etc, those are formats that are commonly used with iMac. This could really a hard nut to crack if you want to watch your favourite DVD on this magic Apple iPad. But don't worry, there is still way out, you just need a few steps for ripping and importing DVD movies to Apple iPad with a simple application DVD to iPad converter What's on DVD to iPad Converter for Mac DVD to iPad converter for Mac is a powerful and professional application designed for the newly released Apple iPad which can rip, convert your DVD contents to Apple iPad compatible MPEG-4 (MP4, M4V), H.264, MOV etc, and other popular file formats like AVI, WMV, MPG, MKV, VOB, 3GP, FLV etc can also be converted so that you can put on your portable devices like iPod, iPhone, iRiver, BlackBerry etc. Besides, it can also extract audio from DVD videos and save as MP3, AIFF, AAC, WAV etc. Mac DVD to iPad converter has also been enhanced that can run both on PowerPC and Intel (Snow Leopard included). It can offer versatile editing features which allows you to make your own DVD videos. For example, you can cut your DVD to whatever length you like by Trim, crop off unwanted parts from DVD clips by Crop, add special effect like Gray, Emboss and Old film to make your videos more artistic. Besides, its built-in merging feature and batch mode allows you to join several DVD clips into a single one and do batch conversion. And more features can be expected if you afford a few minutes to try.

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• How to get the best LINPACK result and conquer the Top500?

  - by knweiss

  Given a large Linux HPC cluster with hundreds/thousands of nodes. What are your best practices to get the best possible LINPACK benchmark (HPL) result to submit for the Top500 supercomputer list? To give you an idea what kind of answers I would appreciate here are some sub-questions (with links): How to you tune the parameters (N, NB, P, Q, memory-alignment, etc) for the HPL.dat file (without spending too much time trying each possible permutation - esp with large problem sizes N)? Are there any Top500 submission rules to be aware of? What is allowed, what isn't? Which MPI product, which version? Does it make a difference? Any special host order in your MPI machine file? Do you use CPU pinning? How to you configure your interconnect? Which interconnect? Which BLAS package do you use for which CPU model? (Intel MKL, AMD ACML, GotoBLAS2, etc.) How do you prepare for the big run (on all nodes)? Start with small runs on a subset of nodes and then scale up? Is it really necessary to run LINPACK with a big run on all of the nodes (or is extrapolation allowed)? How do you optimize for the latest Intel/AMD CPUs? Hyperthreading? NUMA? Is it worth it to recompile the software stack or do you use precompiled binaries? Which settings? Which compiler optimizations, which compiler? (What about profile-based compilation?) How to get the best result given only a limited amount of time to do the benchmark run? (You can block a huge cluster forever) How do you prepare the individual nodes (stopping system daemons, freeing memory, etc)? How do you deal with hardware faults (ruining a huge run)? Are there any must-read documents or websites about this topic? E.g. I would love to hear about some background stories of some of the current Top500 systems and how they did their LINPACK benchmark. I deliberately don't want to mention concrete hardware details or discuss hardware recommendations because I don't want to limit the answers. However, feel free to mention hints e.g. for specific CPU models.

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• Secure, efficient, version-preserving, filename-hiding backup implemented in this way?

  - by barrycarter

  I tried writing a "perfect" backup program (below), but ran into problems (also below). Is there an efficient/working version of this?: Assumptions: you're backing up from 'local', which you own and has limited disk space to 'remote', which has infinite disk space and belongs to someone else, so you need encryption. Network bandwidth is finite. 'local' keeps a db of backed-up files w/ this data for each file: filename, including full path file's last modified time (mtime) sha1sum of file's unencrypted contents sha1sum of file's encrypted contents Given a list of files to backup (some perhaps already backed up), the program runs 'find' and gets the full path/mtime for each file (this is fairly efficient; conversely, computing the sha1sum of each file would NOT be efficient) The program discards files whose filename and mtime are in 'local' db. The program now computes the sha1sum of the (unencrypted contents of each remaining file. If the sha1sum matches one in 'local' db, we create a special entry in 'local' db that points this file/mtime to the file/mtime of the existing entry. Effectively, we're saying "we have a backup of this file's contents, but under another filename, so no need to back it up again". For each remaining file, we encrypt the file, take the sha1sum of the encrypted file's contents, rsync the file to its sha1sum. Example: if the file's encrypted sha1sum was da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709, we'd rsync it to /some/path/da/39/a3/da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 on 'remote'. Once the step above succeeds, we add the file to the 'local' db. Note that we efficiently avoid computing sha1sums and encrypting unless absolutely necessary. Note: I don't specify encryption method: this would be user's choice. The problems: We must encrypt and backup 'local' db regularly. However, 'local' db grows quickly and rsync'ing encrypted files is inefficient, since a small change in 'local' db means a big change in the encrypted version of 'local' db. We create a file on 'remote' for each file on 'local', which is ugly and excessive. We query 'local' db frequently. Even w/ indexes, these queries are slow, since we're often making one query for each file. Would be nice to speed this up by batching queries or something. Probably other problems that I've now forgotten.

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• Linux Software RAID1 Rebuild Completes, but after reboot, its degraded again

  - by zimmy6996

  I have been beating my head with an issue here, and I'm now turning to the internet for help. I have a system running Mandrake Linux, with the following configuration: /dev/hda - This is a IDE drive. Has some partitions on it that boot the system and make up most of the file system. /dev/sda - This is drive 1 of 2 for a software raid /dev/md0 /dev/sdb - This is drive 2 of 2 for a software raid /dev/md0 md0 gets mounted but fstab as /data-storage, so it is not critical to the systems ability to boot. We can comment it out of fstab, and the system works just fine either way. The problem is, we have a failed sdb drive. So I shut the box down, and have pulled the failed disk and installed a new disk. When the system boots up, /proc/mdstat shows only sda as part of the raid. I then run the various command to rebuild the RAID to /dev/sdb. Everything rebuilds correctly, and upon completion, you look at /proc/mdstat and it shows 2 drives sda1(0) and sdb1(1). Everything looks great. Then you reboot the box ... UGH!!! Once rebooted, sdb is missing again from the RAID. It is like the rebuild never happened. I can walk through the commands to rebuild it again, and it will work, but again, after reboot, the box seems to make sdb just vanish! The real odd thing is, if after reboot, I pull sda out of the box, and try to get the system to load with the rebuilt sdb drive in the system, and when I do, the system actually throws and error just after grub, and says something about drive error, and the system has to shut down. Thoughts??? I'm starting to wonder if grub has something to do with this mess. That the drive isn't being setup within grub to be visible at boot? This RAID array isn't necessary for the system to boot, but when the replacement drive is in there, without SDA it won't boot system, so it makes me believe there is something to that. On top of that, there just seems to be something wonky here the drive falling off of RAID after reboot. I've hit the point of pounding my head on the keyboard. Any help would be greatly appreciated!!!

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• How to install GIT on an offline RHEL?

  - by Stijn Vanpoucke

  I'm using the following commands from the manual to install GIT $ tar -zxf git-1.7.2.2.tar.gz $ cd git-1.7.2.2 $ make prefix=/usr/local all $ sudo make prefix=/usr/local install but I'm receiving the following exceptions ... cache.h: At top level: cache.h:746: error: expected declaration specifiers or â...â before âtime_tâ cache.h:889: warning: âstruct timevalâ declared inside parameter list cache.h:895: warning: âstruct timevalâ declared inside parameter list cache.h:970: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before âoff_tâ cache.h:979: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before âoff_tâ cache.h:997: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before âoff_tâ cache.h:1057: error: expected declaration specifiers or â...â before âoff_tâ cache.h:1063: error: expected declaration specifiers or â...â before âuint32_tâ cache.h:1064: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before ânt h_packed_object_offsetâ cache.h:1065: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âfi nd_pack_entry_oneâ cache.h:1067: error: expected declaration specifiers or â...â before âoff_tâ cache.h:1069: error: expected declaration specifiers or â...â before âoff_tâ cache.h:1070: error: expected declaration specifiers or â...â before âoff_tâ cache.h:1094: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before âoff_tâ cache.h:1168: error: expected â)â before â*â token cache.h:1177: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âre ad_in_fullâ cache.h:1178: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âwr ite_in_fullâ cache.h:1179: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âwr ite_str_in_fullâ cache.h:1252: error: expected declaration specifiers or â...â before âFILEâ In file included from credential-store.c:2: credential.h:28: error: expected declaration specifiers or â...â before âFILEâ credential.h:29: error: expected declaration specifiers or â...â before âFILEâ In file included from credential-store.c:4: parse-options.h:115: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before âintptr_tâ credential-store.c: In function âparse_credential_fileâ: credential-store.c:13: error: âFILEâ undeclared (first use in this function) credential-store.c:13: error: âfhâ undeclared (first use in this function) credential-store.c:17: warning: implicit declaration of function âfopenâ credential-store.c:19: error: âerrnoâ undeclared (first use in this function) credential-store.c:19: error: âENOENTâ undeclared (first use in this function) credential-store.c:24: error: too many arguments to function âstrbuf_getlineâ credential-store.c:24: error: âEOFâ undeclared (first use in this function) credential-store.c:39: warning: implicit declaration of function âfcloseâ credential-store.c: In function âprint_entryâ: credential-store.c:44: warning: implicit declaration of function âprintfâ credential-store.c:44: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in fu nction âprintfâ credential-store.c: In function âmainâ: credential-store.c:132: warning: implicit declaration of function âumaskâ credential-store.c:144: error: âstdinâ undeclared (first use in this function) credential-store.c:144: error: too many arguments to function âcredential_readâ credential-store.c:147: warning: implicit declaration of function âstrcmpâ Is this because I didn't install the dependencies? apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext libz-dev libssl-dev How do I install them offline?

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• Failed to start up after upgrading software in ubuntu 10.10

  - by Landy

  I've been running Ubuntu 10.10 in a physical x86-64 machine. Today Update Manager reminded me that there are some updates to install and I confirmed the action. I should had read the update list but I didn't. I can only remember there is an update about cups. After the upgrading, Update Manager requires a restart and I confirmed too. But after the restart, the computer can't start up. There are errors in the console. Begin: Running /scripts/init-premount ... done. Begin: Mounting root file system ... Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ... done. [xxx]usb 1-8: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3 [xxx]usb 2-1: new full speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 2 [xxx]hub 2-1:1.0: USB hub found [xxx]hub 2-1:1.0: 4 ports detected [xxx]usb 2-1.1: new low speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 3 Gave up waiting for root device. Common probles: - Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline) - Check rootdelay=(did the system wait long enough) - Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?) - Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev) FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.35-22-generic/modules.dep: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.35-22-generic/modules.dep: No such file or directory ALERT! /dev/sda1 does not exist. Dropping to a shell! BusyBox v1.15.3 (Ubuntu 1:1.15.3-1ubuntu5) built-in shell(ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs)[cursor is here] At the moment, I can't input anything in the console. The keyboard doesn't work at all. What's wrong? How can I check boot args or "root=" as suggested? How can I fix this issue? Thanks. =============== PS1: the /dev/sda1 is type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev) PS2: the /dev/sda1 can be mounted and accessed successfully under SUSE 11 SP1 x64.

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• Recognizing Dell EquilLogic with Nagios

  - by user3677595

  EDIT: All firmware and models are compatible, that is why nothing is posted about it. Okay, so there will be a lot here, so please bare with me. I've been working on this now for a few hours (reading manuals and such) so I'm not just coming here right out of the blue. I am working on a PRE-EXISTING Nagios server where there are several other existing plugins and checks running and working. Now I want to add another server there to check so I made the following modifications: First and foremost, I added a file to /usr/local/nagios/libexec named: check_equallogic.sh. The permissions are 755, the same as all others. I have chowned to nagios:nagios and in the listing it shows the Owner as Nagios. I then added a command to the commands.cfg file in \usr\local\nagios\etc\objects that shows the following: # 'check_equallogic' command definition define command{ command_name check_equallogic command_line $USER1$/check_equallogic -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -C $ARG1$ -t $ARG2$ $ARG3$ } Following this, I created a file named equallogic.cfg in the objects directory and it contains (more or less): define host{ use linux-server ; Inherit default values from a template host_name 172.16.50.11 ; The name we're giving to this device alias EqualLogic ; A longer name associated with the device address 172.16.50.11 ; IP address of the device contact_groups admins } Check Equallogic Information define service{ use generic-service host_name 172.16.50.11 service_description General Information check_command check_equallogic!public!info } After ensuring that permissions are okay for all files, I restart the nagios service, no errors. When I go into the WebGUI, I get the following errors AFTER the check runs: (Return code of 127 is out of bounds - plugin may be missing) Extra, probably unrelated problem Furthermore, when I log into the EquilLogic server, under Audit logs I get the following error: Level: AUDIT Time: 26/05/2014 3:59:13 PM Member: ps4100-1 Subsystem: agent Event ID: 22.7.1 SNMP packet validation failed, request received from 172.16.10.11 An snmpwalk receives a timeout, whereas others succeed. I will work on importing the MIBs tomorrow. The reason why I am mentioning it is because I want to make sure that it is only a MIB issue for the SNMP. If it is, then ignore this area. I am entirely unsure of what to do here.

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• NFS4 / ZFS: revert ACL to clean/inherited state

  - by Keiichi

  My problem is identical to this Windows question, but pertains NFS4 (Linux) and the underlying ZFS (OpenIndiana) we are using. We have this ZFS shared via NFS4 and CIFS for Linux and Windows users respectively. It would be nice for both user groups to benefit from ACLs, but the one missing puzzle piece goes thusly: Each user has a home, where he sets a top-level, inherited ACL. He can later on refine permissions for the contained files/folders iteratively. Over time, sometimes permissions need to be generalized again to avoid increasing pollution of ACL entries. You can tweak the ACL of every single file if need be to obtain the wanted permissions, but that defeats the purpose of inherited ACLs. So, how can an ACL be completely cleared like in the question linked above? I have found nothing about what a blank, inherited ACL should look like. This usecase simply does not seem to exist. In fact, the solaris chmod manpage clearly states A- Removes all ACEs for current ACL on file and replaces current ACL with new ACL that represents only the current mode of the file. I.e. we get three new ACL entries filled with stuff representing the permission bits, which is rather useless for cleaning up. If I try to manually remove every ACE, on the last one I get chmod A0- <file> chmod: ERROR: Can't remove all ACL entries from a file Which by the way makes me think: and why not? In fact, I really want the whole file-specific ACL gone. The same holds for linux, which enumerates ACEs starting with 1(!), and verbalizes its woes less diligently nfs4_setacl -x 1 <file> Failed setxattr operation: Unknown error 524 So, what is the idea behind ACLs under Solaris/NFS? Can they never be cleaned up? Why does the recursion option for the ACL setting commands pollute all children instead of setting a single ACL and making the children inherit? Is this really the intention of the designers? I can clean up the ACLs using a windows client perfectly well, but am I supposed to tell the linux users they have to switch OS just to consolidate permissions?

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• SQL Server database filled the hard drive and freeing up space isn't possible

  - by Jon

  I have a database in SQL Server 2008 on a 1Tb hard drive and it filled the drive, there is only 4Kb free. The MDF file is 323Gb and the LDF is 653Gb. The hard disk this DB is on has no other files on it other than the MDF and LDF so it's impossible to free up any space on the drive. The main hard disk is smaller but there is enough room to transfer the MDF to that drive, in case that helps. This server is overseas at a customer site and it's not possible at the moment to add more disk space to the server. It's also not possible to delete any records because the DB is in a failed mode (due to no disk space) and it doesn't respond to most commands. The Db is currently in full recovery mode which is why the LDF file is so large. This DB really doesn't need to be in full recovery so going forward we plan on switching it to simple mode which will save us a lot of space. I also don't care about losing the LDF file, but I need all of the data. I've spent a lot of time looking for a way out of this problem but everything I've found first involves either freeing up disk space or adding more disk space, neither of which is an option at this time. I'm stuck and any help would be greatly appreciated. I get the following log when trying to switch the DB to online mode. Msg 945, Level 14, State 2, Line 3 Database 'DBNAME' cannot be opened due to inaccessible files or insufficient memory or disk space. See the SQL Server errorlog for details. Msg 5069, Level 16, State 1, Line 3 ALTER DATABASE statement failed. Msg 1101, Level 17, State 12, Line 3 Could not allocate a new page for database 'DBNAME' because of insufficient disk space in filegroup 'DEFAULT'. Create the necessary space by dropping objects in the filegroup, adding additional files to the filegroup, or setting autogrowth on for existing files in the filegroup. I've found the following solutions but none work due to having no disk space on that drive, and since the DB is in a failed state I can't run most commmands. - DBCC SHRINKFILE - can't be run because doing a 'use DBNAME' fails - Detaching the DB and then changing the location of the MDF/LDF files, this fails because the DB is in an offline mode so you can't run detach. I'm at a loss about what else to try. Thanks.

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• Clamdscan scans file in 0 seconds

  - by SupaCoco

  I have to run clamav on large files. I was wondering which command was the fastest between clamscan and clamdscan. But it seems that clamdscan is not working properly: it scans file larger than 1 GB. Could you guys help me find why the heck clamdscan isn't working ? Between clamscan and clamdscan which one is less resource consuming ? I run ClamAV 0.97.8/18037 on Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS. Please find below the execution result of both commands: clamscan myfile.zip ----------- SCAN SUMMARY ----------- Known viruses: 2864504 Engine version: 0.97.8 Scanned directories: 0 Scanned files: 1 Infected files: 0 Data scanned: 0.00 MB Data read: 1024.16 MB (ratio 0.00:1) Time: 9.145 sec (0 m 9 s) clamdscan myfile.zip /home/ubuntu/workspace/benchmark/myfile.zip: OK ----------- SCAN SUMMARY ----------- Infected files: 0 Time: 0.000 sec (0 m 0 s) And here are the clamav log file: Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> Received POLLIN|POLLHUP on fd 4 Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> Got new connection, FD 9 Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> Received POLLIN|POLLHUP on fd 5 Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> fds_poll_recv: timeout after 5 seconds Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> Received POLLIN|POLLHUP on fd 9 Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> got command CONTSCAN /home/ubuntu/workspace/benchmark/myfile.zip (51, 7), argument: /home/ubuntu/workspace/benchmark/myfile.zip Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> mode -> MODE_WAITREPLY Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> Breaking command loop, mode is no longer MODE_COMMAND Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> Consumed entire command Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> Number of file descriptors polled: 1 fds Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> fds_poll_recv: timeout after 3600 seconds Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> THRMGR: queue (single) crossed low threshold -> signaling Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> THRMGR: queue (bulk) crossed low threshold -> signaling Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> /home/ubuntu/workspace/benchmark/myfile.zip: OK Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> Finished scanthread Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> Scanthread: connection shut down (FD 9) Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> THRMGR: queue (single) crossed low threshold -> signaling Wed Oct 30 10:26:32 2013 -> THRMGR: queue (bulk) crossed low threshold -> signaling

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• Windows 7 & Virtual PC and Internet (gateway) problems on host PC

  - by Mufasa

  I upgraded to Windows 7 on a PC that is a few years old. The CPU was one revision away from having Hyper-V on it. So, I had to install Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 (v6.0.156.0) to run full XP instances instead of the seamless XP virtualization that is advertised so much. That's fine though; the 'older' version is useful since I use it to run different versions of the whole XP/IE stack for testing. (I'm a web developer.) ...And for the one 16-bit application we still use at the office for scheduling. * sigh * The virtual instances work fine, including networking. My issue is that after a reboot or coming out of sleep mode, my host Windows 7 won't connect to the Internet. It will connect to the local network fine. If I disable the "Virtual Machine Network Services" item (I'll call "VMNS" from here on) in the LAN Connection properties box, it starts working. But than the Virtual PC instances lose their network connectivity. If I re-enable VMNS again in the same instance, everything works (Internet on host and in the virtualized instances). But after the next reboot/sleep cycle this starts over. The route table gave me a clue though. When doing a cycle w/ VMNS enabled: IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 On-link 10.0.3.51 20 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.10.10 10.0.3.51 276 ... After VMNS is disabled, the first route goes away. I assume that is for VMNS to intercept virtualized instance's network connections and forward them correctly? Just a guess though. More info: I checked my Firewall settings and Services (because I'm sort of a control nazi and turn off a lot) but couldn't find anything that made sense and if turned on changed anything. So it might be something there I'm missing, but I don't know what. My current hacked solution: So, I figured I'd mess with the routes myself to see if that helped, it did. If I run a route delete 0.0.0.0 on the universal (0.0.0.0) gateway routes, and add back in just the 2nd line with route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 10.0.10.10--the one that points to my actual gateway (10.0.10.10)--then I don't have to mess with the disable/enable cycle of VMNS, and everything works. Running those two commands is faster then bringing up connection options and disabling and re-enabling VMNS, but I still don't want to have use that hack script every boot either. (Oh, and I also tried messing with hard-coding TCP/IP settings in my network adapter, including setting high metrics, etc., but that didn't help either.) Any suggestions on the right way to fix this?

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• What Sort of Server Setup Am I Likely to Need? - School A/V streaming

  - by DeathMagus

  My prior experience with servers has generally been limited to home file-sharing servers, low-traffic web-servers, and the like. This leaves me with the technical knowledge of how to set up a system, but little experience in terms of scaling said system. My current project, however, has me as the technical lead in setting up a school for online audio and video streaming. The difficulty I'm running into is that I don't quite have the experience to guess what they'll need, and they don't have the experience to tell me - so I've tried to ask as many pertinent questions about what they want to do with their server, and here's what I found out: About 1000 simultaneous users, and hoping to expand (possibly significantly) Both video and audio streaming, at obviously the highest quality possible Support for both live and playlist-based streaming. Probably only one channel, but as it's an educational opportunity, I imagine letting them have a few more wouldn't hurt. No word on whether they're locked into Windows or whether Linux is acceptable. Approximate budget - $7000. It may actually be about $2k less than this, because of a mishap with another technology firm (they ordered a $7000 DV tape deck for some reason, and now the company wants them to pay a 30% restocking fee). The tentative decisions I've already made: I'm planning on using Icecast 2 for my streaming server, fed by VLC Shoutcast encoding. Since the school already has a DMZ set up, I plan on placing the Icecast server in there, and feeding it through their intranet from a simple workstation computer in their studios. This system isn't in any way mission critical - it's an education tool (they're a media magnet school), so I figure redundancy is not worthwhile to them from a cost:benefit perspective. What I don't know is this: How powerful of a server will I need? What is likely to be my major throttle - bandwidth? How can I mitigate that? Will I need anything special for the encoding workstation other than professional video and audio capture cards and a copy of VLC? Are there any other considerations that I'm simply missing? Thanks a lot for any help - if there's more information you need, let me know and I'll tell you all I can.

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• UNIX Question to b answered??? [closed]

  - by Nits

  Create a tree structure named ‘training’ in which there are 3 subdirectories – ‘level 1’,’ level2’ and ‘cep’. Each one is again further divided into 3. The ‘level 1’ is divided into ‘sdp’, ‘re’ and ‘se’. From the subdirectory ‘se’ how can one reach the home directory in one step and also how to navigate to the subdirectory ‘sdp’ in one step? Give the commands, which do the above actions? How will you copy a directory structure dir1 to dir2 ? (with all the subdirectories) How can you find out if you have the permission to send a message? Find the space occupied ( in Bytes) by the /home directory including all its subdirectories. What is the command for printing the current time in 24-hour format? What is the command for printing the year, month, and date with a horizontal tab between the fields? Create the following files: chapa, chapb, chapc, chapd, chape, chapA, chapB, chapC, chapD, chapE, chap01, chap02, chap03, chap04, chap05, chap11, chap12, chap13, chap14, and chap15. With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files ending in small letters? With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files ending in capitals? With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files whose last but one character is 0? With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files which end in small letters but not ‘a’ and ‘c’? In an organisation one wants to know how many programmers are there. The employee data is stored in a file called ‘personnel’ with one record per employee. Every record has field for designation. How can grep be used for this purpose? In the organisation mentioned in question 12 how can sed be used to print only the records of all employees who are programmers. In the organisation mentioned in question 12 how can sed be used to change the designation ‘programmer’ to ‘software professional’ every where in the ‘personnel’ file Find out about the sleep command and start five jobs in the background, each one sleeping for 10 minutes. How do you get the status of all the processes running on the system? i.e. using what option?

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• route http and ssh traffic normally, everything else via vpn tunnel

  - by Normadize

  I've read quite a bit and am close, I feel, and I'm pulling my hair out ... please help! I have an OpenVPN cliend whose server sets local routes and also changes the default gw (I know I can prevent that with --route-nopull). I'd like to have all outgoing http and ssh traffic via the local gw, and everything else via the vpn. Local IP is 192.168.1.6/24, gw 192.168.1.1. OpenVPN local IP is 10.102.1.6/32, gw 192.168.1.5 OpenVPN server is at {OPENVPN_SERVER_IP} Here's the route table after openvpn connection: # ip route show table main 0.0.0.0/1 via 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 proto static 10.102.1.1 via 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.102.1.6 {OPENVPN_SERVER_IP} via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 128.0.0.0/1 via 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1000 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.6 metric 1 This makes all packets go via to the VPN tunnel except those destined for 192.168.1.0/24. Doing wget -qO- http://echoip.org shows the vpn server's address, as expected, the packets have 10.102.1.6 as source address (the vpn local ip), and are routed via tun0 ... as reported by tcpdump -i tun0 (tcpdump -i eth0 sees none of this traffic). What I tried was: create a 2nd routing table holding the 192.168.1.6/24 routing info (copied from the main table above) add an iptables -t mangle -I PREROUTING rule to mark packets destined for port 80 add an ip rule to match on the mangled packet and point it to the 2nd routing table add an ip rule for to 192.168.1.6 and from 192.168.1.6 to point to the 2nd routing table (though this is superfluous) changed the ipv4 filter validation to none in net.ipv4.conf.tun0.rp_filter=0 and net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter=0 I also tried an iptables mangle output rule, iptables nat prerouting rule. It still fails and I'm not sure what I'm missing: iptables mangle prerouting: packet still goes via vpn iptables mangle output: packet times out Is it not the case that to achieve what I want, then when doing wget http://echoip.org I should change the packet's source address to 192.168.1.6 before routing it off? But if I do that, the response from the http server would be routed back to 192.168.1.6 and wget would not see it as it is still bound to tun0 (the vpn interface)? Can a kind soul please help? What commands would you execute after the openvpn connects to achieve what I want? Looking forward to hair regrowth ...

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• Can Remote Desktop Services be deployed and administered by PowerShell alone, without a Domain in WIndows Server 2012 and 2012 R2?

  - by Warren P

  Windows Server 2008 R2 allowed deployment of Terminal Server (Remote Desktop Services) without a domain, and without any insistence on domains. This was very useful, especially for standalone virtual or cloud deployments of a server that is managed remotely for a remote client who has no need or desire for any ActiveDirectory or Domain features. This has become steadily more and more difficult as Microsoft restricts its technologies further and further in each Windows release. With Windows Server 2012, configuring licensing for Remote Desktop Services, is more difficult when not on a domain, but possible still. With Windows Server 2012 R2 (at least in the preview) the barriers are now severe: The Add/Remove Roles and Features wizard in Windows Server 2012 R2 has a special RDS deployment mode that has a rule that says if you aren't on a domain you can't deploy. It tells you to create or join a domain first. This of course comes in direct conflict with the fact that an Active Directory domain controller should not be the same machine as a terminal server machine. So Microsoft's technology is not such much a Cloud Operating System as a Cluster of Unwanted Nodes, needed to support the one machine I actually WANT to deploy. This is gross, and so I am trying to find a workaround. However if you skip that wizard and just go check the checkboxes in the main Roles/Features wizard, you can deploy the features, but the UI is not there to configure them, and when you go back to the RDS configuration page on the roles wizard, you get a message saying you can not administer your Remote Desktop Services system when you are logged in as a Local-Computer Administrator, because although you have all admin priveleges you could have (in your workgroup based system), the RDS configuration UI will not accept those credentials and let you continue. My question in brief is, can I still somehow, obtain the following end result: I need to allow 10-20 users per system to have an RDS (TS) session. I do not need any of the fancy pants RDS options, unless Microsoft somehow depends on those features being present. I believe I need the "RDS Session Host" as this is the guts of "Terminal Server". Microsoft says it is "full Windows desktop for Remote Desktop Services client. I need to configure licensing so that the Grace Period does not expire leaving my RDS non functional, so this probably means I need a way to configure TS CALs. If all of the above could technically be done with the judicious use of the PowerShell, I am prepared to even consider developing all the PowerShell scripts I would need to do the above. I'm not asking someone to write that for me. What I'm asking is, does anyone know if there is a technical impediment to what I want to do above, other than the deliberate crippling of the 2012 R2 UI for Workgroup users? Would the underlying technologies all still work if I manipulate and control them from a PowerShell script? Obviously a 1 word Yes or No answer isn't that useful to anyone, so the question is really, yes or no, and why? In the case the answer is Yes, then how.

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• PHP 5.2 to 5.3 not upgrading, no errors

  - by Webnet

  I'm following this guide: http://atik97.wordpress.com/2010/06/12/how-to-upgrade-to-php-5-3-in-ubuntu-9-10/ I've done all the steps, but it's still showing php 5.2.6 - any ideas? I have also tried -cgi instead of -cli, neither have any effect. update I've tried rebooting the server to see if that would have any effect and unfortunately it didn't update Output of dpkg -l *php*: Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Cfg-files/Unpacked/Failed-cfg/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Hold/Reinst-required/X=both-problems (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Description +++-=============================================-=============================================-========================================================================================================== un libapache2-mod-php4 <none> (no description available) ii libapache2-mod-php5 5.2.6.dfsg.1-3ubuntu4.6 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (Apache 2 module) un libapache2-mod-php5filter <none> (no description available) ii php-pear 5.2.6.dfsg.1-3ubuntu4.6 PEAR - PHP Extension and Application Repository un php4-cli <none> (no description available) un php4-dev <none> (no description available) un php4-mysql <none> (no description available) un php4-pear <none> (no description available) ii php5 5.2.6.dfsg.1-3ubuntu4.6 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage) ii php5-cgi 5.2.6.dfsg.1-3ubuntu4.6 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (CGI binary) ii php5-cli 5.2.6.dfsg.1-3ubuntu4.6 command-line interpreter for the php5 scripting language ii php5-common 5.2.6.dfsg.1-3ubuntu4.6 Common files for packages built from the php5 source ii php5-curl 5.2.6.dfsg.1-3ubuntu4.6 CURL module for php5 un php5-dev <none> (no description available) ii php5-gd 5.2.6.dfsg.1-3ubuntu4.6 GD module for php5 ii php5-imap 5.2.6-0ubuntu5.1 IMAP module for php5 un php5-json <none> (no description available) ii php5-mcrypt 5.2.6-0ubuntu2 MCrypt module for php5 ii php5-mysql 5.2.6.dfsg.1-3ubuntu4.6 MySQL module for php5 un php5-mysqli <none> (no description available) ii php5-xsl 5.2.6.dfsg.1-3ubuntu4.6 XSL module for php5 un phpapi-20060613+lfs <none> (no description available) ii phpmyadmin 4:3.1.2-1ubuntu0.2 MySQL web administration tool update The following commands and their outputs: grep php53 /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://php53.dotdeb.org stable all deb-src http://php53.dotdeb.org stable all apt-cache search -f "libapache2-mod-php5" http://pastebin.com/XNXdsXYC update I've updated the question with more details on installed packages.

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