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• Creating a USB stick for installing centos 6.x using DVD1 and DVD2 iso files

  - by user250563

  First, we create 2 partitions on the USB stick that is let's say 16GB. first partition is let's say only 1GB and the second partition is the rest of what is available. after we "w" write the changes, the USB now has 2 partitions. 1 is 1GB 1 is more than 14GB so , we have... sdb1 and sdb2 now. now we need to turn these partitions into filesystems some say i should run these commands after those procedures. mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdb1 mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2 but some web pages recommend using: mkfs.vfat -n BOOT /dev/sdb1 mkfs.ext2 -m 0 -b 4096 -L DATA /dev/sdb2 which is it? so let's say the DVDs are called: CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso so we make a directory: mkdir -p /mnt/dvd1 and then mount it: mount -o loop CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /mnt/dvd1 and i suppose we don't make a directory for dvd2 and we don't have to mount it ? at this point i do not know what should be done. but i think this step might be next: we make the USB bootable by finding the file named mbr.bin and then moving it to there via these commnad. dd conv=notrunc bs=440 count=1 if=/usr/lib/syslinux/mbr.bin of=/dev/sdb parted /dev/sdb set 1 boot on in other words we are "dd-ing it to 'sdb' not sdb1' or 'sdb2'. and then we use parted to set the boot to on for sdb so far everything looks good? here is the confusing parts.. how exactly do i move these iso files to the usb drive? EVERYTHING BELOW IS A GUESS. so at this point i should copy the folder /mnt/dvd1/isolinux to usb's sdb1 or sdb2 ? rename it to syslinux ? and then inside this syslinux folder there will be a file called... isolinux.cfg ? which should be renamed to syslinux.cfg ? and then copy the contents of /mnt/dvd1/images/* to USB's sdb2 ? but i think i am also suppose to copy and paste the both CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso somewhere into this USB's sdb2 partition, correct ? almost like a drag and drop kind of a thing? or do they go into any folders ? centos' own web site has some instructions but those instructions do not work. http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/InstallFromUSBkey i once got this working but things got ruined, i have to do it again and this time take notes.

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• Resizing Partitions on Live RHEL/cPanel Server

  - by Timothy R. Butler

  I've resized many partitions over the years on Linux, Windows and Mac OS X -- but always using a GUI. However, the time has come where the preset partition sizes my data center placed on my server aren't the right sizes and I need to resize a production server's disks. I could fiddle with it and probably do OK, but given that it is a production server, I wanted to get some advice about the right way to do this. I do have KVM over IP access, so if it is best to take the server offline and boot off a rescue partition, I can do that. root [/var/lib/mysql]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.9G 2.1G 7.3G 23% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 99M 77M 18M 82% /boot /dev/sda8 884G 463G 376G 56% /home /dev/sda3 9.9G 8.0G 1.5G 85% /usr /dev/sda5 9.9G 9.1G 308M 97% /var /usr/tmpDSK 2.0G 38M 1.8G 3% /tmp As you can see /var and /usr are quite close to being full and I've actually had to symlink some logs on /usr to directories in /home to balance things out. What I would like to do is to add 6-10 GB each to /usr and /var, presumably taking the space from /home. As I think about how the disk is arranged, the best thought I've come up with is to reduce /home by 16 GB, say, and move /var to the spot freed up, then allocating /var's space to /usr. However, that would put /var at the far end of the disk, which seems less than idea, given that MySQL has all of its data on that partition. I'd love to take the space out of the closer end of /usr, but I assume that would take a very arduous (and perhaps risky) process of moving all of the data in /usr around. I seem to recall having such a process fail for me on a computer in the past. The other option might be to merge / and /usr since / is underutilized, though I'm not sure if that's a good idea. Do you have any suggestions both on the best reallocation plan and the commands to use to accomplish it? UPDATE: I should add -- here's the partition table. There's one unused partition, which, if memory serves, was the original tmp location before I created a tmp image: Name Flags Part Type FS Type [Label] Size (MB) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Unusable 1.05* sda1 Boot Primary Linux ext2 106.96* sda2 Primary Linux ext3 10737.42* sda3 Primary Linux ext3 10737.42* sda5 NC Logical Linux ext3 10738.47* sda6 NC Logical Linux swap / Solaris 2148.54* sda7 NC Logical Linux ext3 1074.80* sda8 NC Logical Linux ext3 964098.53*

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• Windows cannot find the host name "download.microsoft.com" using DNS

  - by joedotnot

  When trying to download a file found on the Microsoft downloads center that starts with, for example, http://download.microsoft.com/download/6/8/7/(some_GUID)/(some_file_name.ext) i get a timeout with "Internet Explorer cannot display the webpage". More information says: Internet connectivity has been lost. The website is temporarily unavailable. The Domain Name Server (DNS) is not reachable. The Domain Name Server (DNS) does not have a listing for the website's domain. If this is an HTTPS (secure) address, click Tools, click Internet Options, click Advanced, and check to be sure the SSL and TLS protocols are enabled under the security section. Diagnose Connection problems says: Windows cannot find the host name "download.microsoft.com" using DNS Bear with me while i expand on the problem: It all started when i tried to download Windows XP mode for my Windows 7 machine. I went to the virtual PC site, then thru the motions of Windows Genuine Advantage which validated ok, but when it redirects to grab the file just times out with above error. (NB: i also tried with the latest Chrome and Firefox but no use due to the Genuine Advantage stuff, so i decided to stick with IE). I am behind an ADSL2+ modem router connecting via wireless (Win 7 Pro laptop); so i hop over to the desktop connected via ethernet (Vista Business), and same result; begin to think site download.microsoft.com site is down. So i give it a break an read up on EDNS, flushing the cache, hosts file, etc... Try again an hour later on the Win 7 machine, still no go; so i turn off the Win 7 (software) firewall, and lo and behold, i can connect and grab any files from download.microsoft.com; (...nice, so we have a Micro$0ft firewall preventing access to a Micro$0ft website, no wonder my auto-updates kept failing but that's another story). But i still am not happy that the desktop connected via ethernet still cannot get to download.microsoft.com, even though i turned off all firewalls, defenders, anti-virus, etc. What is so special / specific about the url download.microsoft.com, any other site is ok, including www.microsoft.com. Any networking guru know what's REALLY going on, and how can i get the desktop to connect? Ping download.microsoft.com - Ping request could not find host download.microsoft.com. Please check the name and try again. Ping google.com or even www.microsoft.com works gives me an IP address. NB: On the wireless laptop ping download.microsoft.com works, i get xxxx.ms.akamai.net [202.7.177.33].

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• When running a shell script, how can you protect it from overwriting or truncating files?

  - by Joseph Garvin

  If while an application is running one of the shared libraries it uses is written to or truncated, then the application will crash. Moving the file or removing it wholesale with 'rm' will not cause a crash, because the OS (Solaris in this case but I assume this is true on Linux and other *nix as well) is smart enough to not delete the inode associated with the file while any process has it open. I have a shell script that performs installation of shared libraries. Sometimes, it may be used to reinstall versions of shared libraries that were already installed, without an uninstall first. Because applications may be using the already installed shared libraries, it's important the the script is smart enough to rm the files or move them out of the way (e.g. to a 'deleted' folder that cron could empty at a time when we know no applications will be running) before installing the new ones so that they're not overwritten or truncated. Unfortunately, recently an application crashed just after an install. Coincidence? It's difficult to tell. The real solution here is to switch over to a more robust installation method than an old gigantic shell script, but it'd be nice to have some extra protection until the switch is made. Is there any way to wrap a shell script to protect it from overwriting or truncating files (and ideally failing loudly), but still allowing them to be moved or rm'd? Standard UNIX file permissions won't do the trick because you can't distinguish moving/removing from overwriting/truncating. Aliases could work but I'm not sure what entirety of commands need to be aliased. I imagine something like truss/strace except before each action it checks against a filter whether to actually do it. I don't need a perfect solution that would work even against an intentionally malicious script. Ideas I have so far: Alias cp to GNU cp (not the default since I'm on Solaris) and use the --remove-destination option. Alias install to GNU install and use the --backup option. It might be smart enough to move the existing file to the backup file name rather than making a copy, thus preserving the inode. "set noclobber" in ~/.bashrc so that I/O redirection won't overwrite files

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• grep simply fails when used on a few files

  - by Reid

  I've been trying for about the past 30 minutes to get this to work properly. grep is not exactly the most difficult thing to use, so I'm somewhat baffled as to why this won't work. The files I'm trying to use grep on are simple XHTML log files. Their names are in the format [email protected], though I don't think that should matter, and inside is simple XHTML. I copied one such log file to be testfile so you can see the output of some commands and why it's baffling to me: [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > whoami reid [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > type grep grep is /bin/grep [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > uname -a Linux reid-pc 2.6.35-22-generic #33-Ubuntu SMP Sun Sep 19 20:32:27 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > head -1 /etc/issue Linux Mint 10 Julia [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > ls -Alh | grep testfile -rw-r--r-- 1 reid reid 63K 2011-01-10 12:45 testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > tail -3 testfile </body> </html> [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > file testfile testfile: XML document text [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > grep html testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > grep body testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > grep "</html>" testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > grep "</body>" testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > cat testfile | grep html [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > cat testfile | wc -l 231 [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > cat testfile | tail -3 </body> </html> [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > chmod a+rw testfile && ls -Alh | grep testfile -rw-rw-rw- 1 reid reid 63K 2011-01-10 12:45 testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > grep html testfile That's what I'm attempting to do. I want to just use grep -ri query . in ~/.chatlogs_windows, which normally works perfectly for me... but for some reason, it completely fails at going through these files. If it matters, I copied these files off of my Windows 7 partition. But I chown'd them and gave myself all the appropriate permissions, and other programs (like cat) seem to read them just fine. I also copied testfile to testfile_unix and converted the line endings and tried that, but it didn't work either. I'm using zsh, but I tried it on bash and that failed too. Also, grep works normally: I tried it out on my documents folder and it worked flawlessly. If you need any more information, just let me know. I tried googling around, but I found no reason for grep to simply not work. Thanks in advance.

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• How to change key mappings in Cygwin's Vim

  - by Boldewyn

  I'm using Vim under Debian, Win Vista and WinXP (the latter two with Cygwin). To handle tabs more easily, I mapped <C-Left> and <C-Right> to :tab(prev|next). This mapping works like a charm on the Debian machine. On the Windows machines, however, pressing <C-Left> deletes 5 lines, as far as I can tell, and meddles with cursor position, while <C-Right> does this, too, and additionally enters Insert mode. Question: To put it in a nutshell, how can I find out, why Vim behaves as it does? Is there a way to backtrace the active commands and keystrokes? Could there be a plugin the culprit? (I didn't install one, perhaps a default include by the Cygwin distro...) If so, how can I find it? Edit 1: OK, it seems, that I got a first trace: The terminal sends for <C-Left> '^[[1;5D', and for right '^[[1;5C' (evaluated with the <C-V><C-Left> trick). If vim interprets this literally and discards the first characters, it explains the strange behaviour. Any ideas, how I could change this key mapping? Additional Diagnosis: This behaviour occurs regardless of any existing ~/.vimrc file (is therefore not related to my above mentioned mapings) and is not inherited of some /etc/vim/vimrc, since this doesn't exist in the default Cygwin installation. :verbose map doesn't yield any new insights. Either nothing or my mentioned mappings appear, based on the existence of the .vimrc file :help <C-Left> suggests, that the default would be a simple cursor movement, which is apparently not the case. Vim's version under Cygwin: VIM - Vi IMproved 7.2 (2008 Aug 9, compiled Feb 11 2010 17:36:58) Included patches: 1-264 Compiled by http://cygwin.com/ Huge version without GUI. Features included (+) or not (-): +arabic +autocmd -balloon_eval -browse ++builtin_terms +byte_offset +cindent -clientserver -clipboard +cmdline_compl +cmdline_hist +cmdline_info +comments +cryptv +cscope +cursorshape +dialog_con +diff +digraphs -dnd -ebcdic +emacs_tags +eval +ex_extra +extra_search +farsi +file_in_path +find_in_path +float +folding -footer +fork() -gettext -hangul_input +iconv +insert_expand +jumplist +keymap +langmap +libcall +linebreak +lispindent +listcmds +localmap +menu +mksession +modify_fname +mouse -mouseshape +mouse_dec -mouse_gpm -mouse_jsbterm +mouse_netterm -mouse_sysmouse +mouse_xterm +multi_byte +multi_lang -mzscheme -netbeans_intg -osfiletype +path_extra -perl +postscript +printer +profile -python +quickfix +reltime +rightleft -ruby +scrollbind +signs +smartindent -sniff +statusline -sun_workshop +syntax +tag_binary +tag_old_static -tag_any_white -tcl +terminfo +termresponse +textobjects +title -toolbar +user_commands +vertsplit +virtualedit +visual +visualextra +viminfo +vreplace +wildignore +wildmenu +windows +writebackup -X11 -xfontset -xim -xsmp -xterm_clipboard -xterm_save system vimrc file: "$VIM/vimrc" user vimrc file: "$HOME/.vimrc" user exrc file: "$HOME/.exrc" fall-back for $VIM: "/usr/share/vim" Compilation: gcc -c -I. -Iproto -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1 Linking: gcc -L/usr/local/lib -o vim.exe -lm -lncurses -liconv

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• Is Gmail Being Blocked by my ISP?

  - by james

  I asked this over at superuser but they weren't able to help, so I was hoping the sysadmins here will be able to advise as to what's wrong. Although the issue here is with a PC and not a server it still deals with networking so I hope it's not too irrelevant. The Issue: I have a desktop on which I cannot access Gmail and also youtube sign in (I believe since youtube is owned by google they both use the same sign in system). On other computers that uses the same connection via a wireless router I can access both gmail and youtube sign in just fine. On this computer which doesn't have a wireless card and so I have to connect via Ethernet cable (connected to a USB converter since the Ethernet port doesn't work anymore) I can access all sites and services including things like aol and hotmail. But only when it comes to gmail, do I get complete and utter throttling. I even turned off my AV ad Firewall momentarily and no luck. The gmail log in page starts to load and by mid point it just stays there loading and loading and loading... never ends. I tried everything, I reset the modem and router multiple times. I reinstalled my operating system from a vista to a windows 7 hoping that a complete reinstall would solve the issue, but no luck. And yes, I am going to call my ISP but not to solve this issue, but to cancel them. I want to upgrade to cable from DSL anyway. I didn't mention my ISP because I'm not sure if that is within the rules (if it's okay some one let me know and I will). P.S. All this happened one day, before that gmail was perfectly accessible in this computer. I can't remember anything special happening on that day prior to this. The only thing I can think of is, my ISP or Google itself is blocking this computer based on it's mac address, but I don't know if that's even done. Additional info: PC: Windows 7 Ultimate 32 bit Connection Type: DSL Connecting Medium: Ethernet cable via USB converter EDIT: I should mention I can access gmail and youtube just fine through a IP proxy service.

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• server 2008 r2 - wbadmin systemstatebackup - system writer not found in the backup

  - by TWood

  I am trying to manually run a systemstatebackup command on my server 2008 r2 box and I am getting an error code '2155347997' when I view the backup event log details. The command line tells me that I have log files written to the c:\windows\logs\windowsserverbackup\ path but I have no files of the .log type there. My command window tells me "System Writer is not found in the backup". However when I run vssadmin list writers I find System Writer in the list and it shows normal status with no last errors stored. I am running this from an elevated command prompt as well as from a logged on administrator account. My backup target path has permission for network service to have full control and it has plenty of free space. Looking in eventlog I have two VSS error 8194 that happen immediately before the Backup error 517 which has the errorcode 2155347997 listed. All three of these errors are a result of trying to run the command for the systemstatebackup. It's my belief that some VSS related permission is failing and exiting the backup process before it ever gets started. Because of this the initial code that creates the log files must not be running and this is why I have no files. When running the systemstatebackup command from the command prompt and watching the windowsserverbackup directory I do see that I have a Wbadmin.0.etl file which gets created but it is deleted when the backup errors out and stops. I have looked online and there are numerous opinions as to the cause of this error. These are the things I have corrected to try and fix this issue before posting here: Machine runs a HP 1410i smart array controller but at one time also used a LSI scsi card. Used networkadminkb.com's kb# a467 to find one LSI_SCSI entry in HKLMSysCurrentControlSetServices which start was set to 0x0 and I modified to 0x3. No changes. In HKLMSystemCurrentControlSetServicesVSSDiag I gave network service full control where it previously only had "Special Permission". No changes. I followed KB2009272 to manually try to fix system writer. These are all of the things I have tried. What else should I look at to resolve this issue? It may be important to note that I run Mozy Pro on this server and that was known in the past to use VSS for copying operations and it occasionally threw an error. However since an update last year those error event log entries have stopped.

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• How to find out Vim's currently mapped commandos

  - by Boldewyn

  I'm using Vim under Debian, Win Vista and WinXP (the latter two with Cygwin). To handle tabs more easily, I mapped <C-Left> and <C-Right> to :tab(prev|next). This mapping works like a charm on the Debian machine. On the Windows machines, however, pressing <C-Left> deletes 5 lines, as far as I can tell, and meddles with cursor position, while <C-Right> does this, too, and additionally enters Insert mode. Question: To put it in a nutshell, how can I find out, why Vim behaves as it does? Is there a way to backtrace the active commands and keystrokes? Could there be a plugin the culprit? (I didn't install one, perhaps a default include by the Cygwin distro...) If so, how can I find it? Additional Diagnosis: This behaviour occurs regardless of any existing ~/.vimrc file (is therefore not related to my above mentioned mapings) and is not inherited of some /etc/vim/vimrc, since this doesn't exist in the default Cygwin installation. :verbose map doesn't yield any new insights. Either nothing or my mentioned mappings appear, based on the existence of the .vimrc file :help <C-Left> suggests, that the default would be a simple cursor movement, which is apparently not the case. Vim's version under Cygwin: VIM - Vi IMproved 7.2 (2008 Aug 9, compiled Feb 11 2010 17:36:58) Included patches: 1-264 Compiled by http://cygwin.com/ Huge version without GUI. Features included (+) or not (-): +arabic +autocmd -balloon_eval -browse ++builtin_terms +byte_offset +cindent -clientserver -clipboard +cmdline_compl +cmdline_hist +cmdline_info +comments +cryptv +cscope +cursorshape +dialog_con +diff +digraphs -dnd -ebcdic +emacs_tags +eval +ex_extra +extra_search +farsi +file_in_path +find_in_path +float +folding -footer +fork() -gettext -hangul_input +iconv +insert_expand +jumplist +keymap +langmap +libcall +linebreak +lispindent +listcmds +localmap +menu +mksession +modify_fname +mouse -mouseshape +mouse_dec -mouse_gpm -mouse_jsbterm +mouse_netterm -mouse_sysmouse +mouse_xterm +multi_byte +multi_lang -mzscheme -netbeans_intg -osfiletype +path_extra -perl +postscript +printer +profile -python +quickfix +reltime +rightleft -ruby +scrollbind +signs +smartindent -sniff +statusline -sun_workshop +syntax +tag_binary +tag_old_static -tag_any_white -tcl +terminfo +termresponse +textobjects +title -toolbar +user_commands +vertsplit +virtualedit +visual +visualextra +viminfo +vreplace +wildignore +wildmenu +windows +writebackup -X11 -xfontset -xim -xsmp -xterm_clipboard -xterm_save system vimrc file: "$VIM/vimrc" user vimrc file: "$HOME/.vimrc" user exrc file: "$HOME/.exrc" fall-back for $VIM: "/usr/share/vim" Compilation: gcc -c -I. -Iproto -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1 Linking: gcc -L/usr/local/lib -o vim.exe -lm -lncurses -liconv

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• Explanation of the init.d/scripts Fedora

  - by Shahmir Javaid

  Below is a copy of vsftpd, i need some explanations of some of the scripts mentioned below in this script: #!/bin/bash # ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: vsftpd # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog # Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog # Short-Description: Very Secure Ftp Daemon # Description: vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from # scratch ### END INIT INFO # vsftpd This shell script takes care of starting and stopping # standalone vsftpd. # # chkconfig: - 60 50 # description: Vsftpd is a ftp daemon, which is the program \ # that answers incoming ftp service requests. # processname: vsftpd # config: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network RETVAL=0 prog="vsftpd" start() { # Start daemons. # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 1 [ -x /usr/sbin/vsftpd ] || exit 1 if [ -d /etc/vsftpd ] ; then CONFS=`ls /etc/vsftpd/*.conf 2>/dev/null` [ -z "$CONFS" ] && exit 6 for i in $CONFS; do site=`basename $i .conf` echo -n $"Starting $prog for $site: " daemon /usr/sbin/vsftpd $i RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then touch /var/lock/subsys/$prog break else if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog ]; then RETVAL=0 break fi fi done else RETVAL=1 fi return $RETVAL } stop() { # Stop daemons. echo -n $"Shutting down $prog: " killproc $prog RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog return $RETVAL } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart|reload) stop start RETVAL=$? ;; condrestart|try-restart|force-reload) if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog ]; then stop start RETVAL=$? fi ;; status) status $prog RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|try-restart|force-reload|status}" exit 1 esac exit $RETVAL Question I What the hell is the difference between the && and || signs in the below commands, and is it just an easy way to do a simple if check or is it completely different to a if[..something..]; then ..something.. fi: # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 1 [ -x /usr/sbin/vsftpd ] || exit 1 Question II i get what -eq and -gt is (equal to, greater than) but is there a simple website that explains what -x, -d and -f are? Any help would be apreciated Running Fedora 12 on my OS. Script copied from /etc/init.d/vsftpd Question III It says required starts are $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog but i cant see any where it checks for those.

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• Exchange 2010 forwarded emails by external servers being blocked

  - by MadBoy

  Our users were getting spam messages from their own accounts (same domain/login for example [email protected] to [email protected]). This is preety standard trick and I decided to block it so that anonymous users can't send emails as @company.com. This brought some problems on us like our printers not being able to send emails etc but I solved it with secondary smtp receiver on different port with ip restrictions. However it seems to affect forwarding by some e-mail servers as well: Hi. This is the qmail-send program at home.pl. I'm afraid I wasn't able to deliver your message to the following addresses. This is a permanent error; I've given up. Sorry it didn't work out. : 89.14.1.26 failed after I sent the message. Remote host said: 550 5.7.1 Client does not have permissions to send as this sender --- Below this line is a copy of the message. Return-Path: Return-Path: Received: from mail.company.com [89.14.1.26] (HELO mail.company.com) by company.ho.pl [79.93.31.43] with SMTP (IdeaSmtpServer v0.70) id 488fcb01c2f069d9; Tue, 3 Jan 2012 09:46:55 +0100 Received: from EXCHANGE1.COMPANY ([fe80::d425:135f:b655:1223]) by EXCHANGE2.COMPANY ([fe80::193f:51ac:9316:cb27%14]) with mapi id 14.01.0355.002; Tue, 3 Jan 2012 09:46:55 +0100 From: =?iso-8859-2?Q?MadBoy?= So basically server forwards it without affecting email address it was send with and our servers treat it like spam. I used this command to block things: Get-ReceiveConnector "DEFAULT Exchange2" | Get-ADPermission -user "NT AUTHORITY\Anonymous Logon" | where {$_.ExtendedRights -like "ms-exch-smtp-accept-authoritative-domain-sender"} | Remove-ADPermission Is there anyway I can keep on receiveing things like forwards but be able to block things (except some dedicated antispam solution - this will be added later). Also how do I "reassing" back the permissions that was removed? EDIT to clarify: I have a domain domain.com configured as Authorative. Couple of our users are on project for differentcompany.com which is not on our servers or anywhere close. Now when they send an email from their accounts lets say [email protected] to [email protected] that special alias is configured so that any email it receives it forwards to multiple people including a group alias at our domain [email protected] and that group alias puts the email in users mailboxes. After the email is forwarded by [email protected] and it reaches our server it is denied because the forwarding done by the "external" server doesn't affect user information so for the server it seems like the [email protected] was actually sender and it treats it as spam and denies it. The server at differentcompany.com just adds itself to the header that it passed thru it and doesn't modify sender at anyway (seems like this is how forwarding works). Although I could probably allow this particular server as allowed to relay but this would seem to affect more servers/users as anyone can setup forwarding on their email back to our domain...

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• Partition table corrupted (USB flash drive)

  - by 13ren

  It's an 8 GB Patriot thumb drive, which I've used extensively with lots of data. Today, it is detected, but all data is gone: (EDIT at least some data is still there, but the partition table is gone) EDIT @Sathya (thanks) here's the relevant output from sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sdc: 8019 MB, 8019509248 bytes 247 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders Units = cylinders of 15314 * 512 = 7840768 bytes Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table It looks like it is /dev/sdc, with that 8 GB... and no partition table. I tried to mount /dev/sdc (and then dmesg | tail): /media> sudo mount /dev/sdc mytmp mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc, missing codepage or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so /media> dmesg | tail [ 24.300000] sdc: unknown partition table [ 24.320000] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi removable disk sdc [ 24.370000] usb-storage: device scan complete [ 26.870000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [ 26.870000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted! [ 50.420000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted! EDIT @Col: results from testdisk Disk /dev/sdc - 8013 MB / 7642 MiB - CHS 1022 247 62 Current partition structure: Partition Start End Size in sectors Partition sector doesn't have the endmark 0xAA55 After I hit [proceed], it says: Structure: Ok. Keys A: add partition, L: load backup, Enter: to continue The "Structure: Ok." seems reassuring... will "A: add partition" make my old data accessible (if it's still there), or will it make a new, fresh partition? Another option is "[ MBR Code ] Write TestDisk MBR code to first sector" - would it be better to do this? EDIT I found that at least some of my data is still on the flash drive, by using the below, and searching for English text in less (like " the "): cat /dev/sde | tr -cd '\11\12\40\1540-\176' | less (The drive changed from "/dev/sdb" to "/dev/sde" because I connected some extra drives today). I've learnt that "/dev/sde1" would be the first partition; and "/dev/sde" is the whole drive. Because unix treats these devices just like files, you can use all the ordinary unix file commands on them, like cat, and then process them like any other stream of data. The tr above removes non-printable characters ("\40" is space, which I wanted to preserve). In less, you can use "/" to search, similar to Vim. How can I get my data back (assuming it's still there)? If only the partition table is corrupted, is there a standard "partition recovery tool"? Is there a way to "repartition" without deleting everything?

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• Is Gmail Being Blocked by my ISP?

  - by james

  EDIT: I thought I pinpointed the problem. Just now I tried to go to the firefox addons page which uses https and gmail also uses https. So I thought I am unable to load https pages on this computer. So I went to a bank site which uses https but that loads just fine. Sigh.... I asked this over at superuser but they weren't able to help, so I was hoping the sysadmins here will be able to advise as to what's wrong. Although the issue here is with a PC and not a server it still deals with networking so I hope it's not too irrelevant. The Issue: I have a desktop on which I cannot access Gmail and also youtube sign in (I believe since youtube is owned by google they both use the same sign in system). On other computers that uses the same connection via a wireless router I can access both gmail and youtube sign in just fine. On this computer which doesn't have a wireless card and so I have to connect via Ethernet cable (connected to a USB converter since the Ethernet port doesn't work anymore) I can access all sites and services including things like aol and hotmail. But only when it comes to gmail, do I get complete and utter throttling. I even turned off my AV ad Firewall momentarily and no luck. The gmail log in page starts to load and by mid point it just stays there loading and loading and loading... never ends. I tried everything, I reset the modem and router multiple times. I reinstalled my operating system from a vista to a windows 7 hoping that a complete reinstall would solve the issue, but no luck. And yes, I am going to call my ISP but not to solve this issue, but to cancel them. I want to upgrade to cable from DSL anyway. I didn't mention my ISP because I'm not sure if that is within the rules (if it's okay some one let me know and I will). P.S. All this happened one day, before that gmail was perfectly accessible in this computer. I can't remember anything special happening on that day prior to this. The only thing I can think of is, my ISP or Google itself is blocking this computer based on it's mac address, but I don't know if that's even done. Additional info: PC: Windows 7 Ultimate 32 bit Connection Type: DSL Connecting Medium: Ethernet cable via USB converter I should mention I can access gmail and youtube just fine through a IP proxy service.

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• Sendmail Tuning For Batch Mail Jobs

  - by Kyle Brandt

  I have a webservers that send out emails to a sendmail relay server as a batch job. The emails need to be accepted by the relay sendmail server as fast as possible, however, they do not need to go out (be relayed) very quickly. I am seeing a couple timeouts once and a while from the webserver trying to connect to the relay server. The load currently is about 30 emails a second for a couple minutes. There are quite a few tuning options for sendmail in the sendmail tuning guide. What I am focusing on now is the Delivery Mode: Delivery Mode There are a number of delivery modes that sendmail can operate in, set by the DeliveryMode ( d) configuration option. These modes specify how quickly mail will be delivered. Legal modes are: i deliver interactively (synchronously) b deliver in background (asynchronously) q queue only (don't deliver) d defer delivery attempts (don't deliver) There are tradeoffs. Mode i gives the sender the quickest feedback, but may slow down some mailers and is hardly ever necessary. Mode b delivers promptly but can cause large numbers of processes if you have a mailer that takes a long time to deliver a message. Mode q minimizes the load on your machine, but means that delivery may be delayed for up to the queue interval. Mode d is identical to mode q except that it also prevents lookups in maps including the -D flag from working during the initial queue phase; it is intended for ``dial on demand'' sites where DNS lookups might cost real money. Some simple error messages (e.g., host unknown during the SMTP protocol) will be delayed using this mode. Mode b is the usual default. If you run in mode q (queue only), d (defer), or b (deliver in background) sendmail will not expand aliases and follow .forward files upon initial receipt of the mail. This speeds up the response to RCPT commands. Mode i should not be used by the SMTP server. I currently have the CentOS default modes: Sendmail.cf: DeliveryMode=background Submit.cf: DeliveryMode=i Is sendmail.cf/mc for outgoing email from relay (to the intertubes) and sumbit.cf/mc for incoming eamil (from my webservers). Would it make sense to change the outgoing delivery mode to queue? If I did, what would the outbound email flow behave like? If this is the right thing to do, can anyone show me example mc configurations for this change? If it isn't, what recommendations are there for these constraints?

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• iptables management tools for large scale environment

  - by womble

  The environment I'm operating in is a large-scale web hosting operation (several hundred servers under management, almost-all-public addressing, etc -- so anything that talks about managing ADSL links is unlikely to work well), and we're looking for something that will be comfortable managing both the core ruleset (around 12,000 entries in iptables at current count) plus the host-based rulesets we manage for customers. Our core router ruleset changes a few times a day, and the host-based rulesets would change maybe 50 times a month (across all the servers, so maybe one change per five servers per month). We're currently using filtergen (which is balls in general, and super-balls at our scale of operation), and I've used shorewall in the past at other jobs (which would be preferable to filtergen, but I figure there's got to be something out there that's better than that). The "musts" we've come up with for any replacement system are: Must generate a ruleset fairly quickly (a filtergen run on our ruleset takes 15-20 minutes; this is just insane) -- this is related to the next point: Must generate an iptables-restore style file and load that in one hit, not call iptables for every rule insert Must not take down the firewall for an extended period while the ruleset reloads (again, this is a consequence of the above point) Must support IPv6 (we aren't deploying anything new that isn't IPv6 compatible) Must be DFSG-free Must use plain-text configuration files (as we run everything through revision control, and using standard Unix text-manipulation tools are our SOP) Must support both RedHat and Debian (packaged preferred, but at the very least mustn't be overtly hostile to either distro's standards) Must support the ability to run arbitrary iptables commands to support features that aren't part of the system's "native language" Anything that doesn't meet all these criteria will not be considered. The following are our "nice to haves": Should support config file "fragments" (that is, you can drop a pile of files in a directory and say to the firewall "include everything in this directory in the ruleset"; we use configuration management extensively and would like to use this feature to provide service-specific rules automatically) Should support raw tables Should allow you to specify particular ICMP in both incoming packets and REJECT rules Should gracefully support hostnames that resolve to more than one IP address (we've been caught by this one a few times with filtergen; it's a rather royal pain in the butt) The more optional/weird iptables features that the tool supports (either natively or via existing or easily-writable plugins) the better. We use strange features of iptables now and then, and the more of those that "just work", the better for everyone.

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• How to upgrade a 1.4.3 TortoiseSVN-created repository to 1.6.x?

  - by SiegeX

  A few years ago, TortoiseSVN 1.4.3 was deployed to our software development team and we are now looking at upgrading the client to the latest 1.6.x version. I had hoped this upgrade would be transparent with the additional features and modifications being client-side. For the most part, this was true except for a very important feature -- merging. When I try to merge a feature branch back into truck I get a show-stopping "Merge tracking not supported error." Here are some facts worth noting: When the repo was first created (before I was on board), it was created via the TortoiseSVN client itself. We do not have a 'svn server daemon' per se, rather the repository folders/database resides on a share folder that is accessible from our workstation machines via file:///. This was actually an eye opener for me, I had always thought there was some SVN server daemon we were talking to. We do not have any access to the underlying machine hosting the SVN share other than the ability to read/write to the share itself. I don't even know what OS the machine is running on. This share server was chosen because its drives are backed up nightly by our IT group. In all honesty, we really don't need the merge tracking feature although it would be nice to have. For the time being it would be sufficient to be able to use a 1.6.x TortoiseSVN client on the 1.4.3 repository and have it merge (sans tracking) without error. So now the question becomes, how does one upgrade a client-created 1.4.3 repo to a 1.6.x compatible version without access to the underlying machine the repo resides on? I was hoping the TortoiseSVN client itself had the ability to do this but that does not appear to be the case. Will I be forced to copy the entire repo over to my local drive, run some svn commands to upgrade the repo locally then copy the repo back to the share point? If so, will doing this break any compatibility with the the 1.4.3 clients in case we cant upgrade them all at the same time? Thanks for the help.

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• How to upgrade a 1.4.3 TortoiseSVN-created repository to 1.6.x?

  - by SiegeX

  A few years ago, TortoiseSVN 1.4.3 was deployed to our software development team and we are now looking at upgrading the client to the latest 1.6.x version. I had hoped this upgrade would be transparent with the additional features and modifications being client-side. For the most part, this was true except for a very important feature -- merging. When I try to merge a feature branch back into truck I get a show-stopping "Merge tracking not supported error." Here are some facts worth noting: When the repo was first created (before I was on board), it was created via the TortoiseSVN client itself. We do not have a 'svn server daemon' per se, rather the repository folders/database resides on a share folder that is accessible from our workstation machines via file:///. This was actually an eye opener for me, I had always thought there was some SVN server daemon we were talking to. We do not have any access to the underlying machine hosting the SVN share other than the ability to read/write to the share itself. I don't even know what OS the machine is running on. This share server was chosen because its drives are backed up nightly by our IT group. In all honesty, we really don't need the merge tracking feature although it would be nice to have. For the time being it would be sufficient to be able to use a 1.6.x TortoiseSVN client on the 1.4.3 repository and have it merge (sans tracking) without error. So now the question becomes, how does one upgrade a client-created 1.4.3 repo to a 1.6.x compatible version without access to the underlying machine the repo resides on? I was hoping the TortoiseSVN client itself had the ability to do this but that does not appear to be the case. Will I be forced to copy the entire repo over to my local drive, run some svn commands to upgrade the repo locally then copy the repo back to the share point? If so, will doing this break any compatibility with the the 1.4.3 clients in case we cant upgrade them all at the same time? Thanks for the help.

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• kvm and qemu host: Is there a limit for max CPUs (Ubuntu 10.04)?

  - by Valentin

  Today we encountered a really strange behaviour on two identical kvm and qemu hosts. The host systems each have 4 x 10 Cores, which means that 40 physical cores are displayed as 80 within the operating system (Ubuntu Linux 10.04 64 Bit). We started a Windows 2003 32 Bit VM (1 CPU, 1 GB RAM, we changed those values multiple times) on one of the nodes and noticed that it took 15 minutes until the boot process began. During those 15 minutes, a black screen is shown and nothing happens. libvirt and the host system show that the qemu-kvm process for the guest is almost idling. stracing this process only shows some FUTEX entries, but nothing special. After those 15 minutes, the Windows VM suddenly starts booting and the Windows logo occurs. After a few seconds, the VM is ready to be used. The VM itself is very performant, so this is no performance issue. We tried to pin the CPUs with the virsh and taskset tools, but this only made things worse. When we boot the Windows VM with a Linux Live CD there is also a black screen for several minutes, but not as long as 15. When booting another VM on this host (Ubuntu 10.04) it also has the black screen problem, and also here the black screen is only shown for 2-3 minutes (instead of 15). So, summerinzing this: Each guest on each of those identical nodes suffers from idling a few minutes after being started. After a few minutes, the boot process suddenly starts. We have observed that the idling time happens right after the bios of the guest was initialized. One of our employees had the idea to limit the amount of CPUs with maxcpus=40 (because of 40 physical cores existing) within Grub (kernel parameter) and suddenly the "black-screen-idling"-behaviour disappeared. Searching the KVM and Qemu mailing lists, the internet, forums, serverfault and other various sites for known bugs etc. showed no useful results. Even asking in the dev IRC channels brought no new ideas. The people there recommend us to use CPU pinning, but as stated before it didn't help. My question is now: Is there a sort of limit of CPUs for a qemu or kvm host system? Browsing the source code of those two tools showed that KVM would send a warning if your host has more than 255 CPUs. But we are not even scratching on that limit. Some stuff about the host system: 3.0.0-20-server kvm 1:84+dfsg-0ubuntu16+0.14.0+noroms+0ubuntu4 kvm-pxe 5.4.4-7ubuntu2 qemu-kvm 0.14.0+noroms-0ubuntu4 qemu-common 0.14.0+noroms-0ubuntu4 libvirt 0.8.8-1ubuntu6 4 x Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-4870 @ 2.40GHz, 10 Cores

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• what is Remote Desktop Services in Windows Server 2008 R2 all about?

  - by fejesjoco

  Seriously, I'm lost in all that sales mumbo-jumbo. Let's say I want 1 or 2 users to be able to remotely log on to a server, run Word, Visual Studio, Firefox, and whatever. Do I gain anything at all if I install Remote Desktop Services? Or do I just install Desktop Experience feature pack, enable remote desktop and voila, nobody will ever notice the difference? Here's what TechNet says about Remote Desktop Session Host: A Remote Desktop Session Host (RD Session Host) server is the server that hosts Windows-based programs or the full Windows desktop for Remote Desktop Services clients. Users can connect to an RD Session Host server to run programs, to save files, and to use network resources on that server. Users can access an RD Session Host server by using Remote Desktop Connection or by using RemoteApp. The good old simple remote desktop can also host a full Windows desktop for remote clients so that they can run programs, save files and do all that stuff. Why do they write about it like it's such a great new invention, besides that they want to sell it? RDSH doesn't seem all that different at all. What do I install when I install RDSH, since all those features are already there in Windows? What's even more confusing is that you need to take special care when you want to install applications to an RDSH so that they will be usable by many concurrent users. Why? All the modern applications install the program files in one directory, store some common settings in the ProgramData folder and the HKLM hive, and store user specific settings in the Users folder and the HKCU hive. They are designed to be usable by many users on the same machine. 2 or 2000 users can use them concurrently without any efforts. I can sign in with 2 users to a server with only remote desktop enabled, and both of us can run Word or anything without any problems, can't we? So what changes if I set RDSH to install mode, or what happens if I don't? Why is the feature to switch between install and execute mode there at all? Yes I know of some advantages in Remote Desktop Services, like there's no 2 user limit, it supports virtualization, video acceleration and stuff, it has a whole infrastructure with gateway, web access, connection broker, etc. But I don't need those, so if you take these away, how are these two technologies different? From the articles it seems like they are completely different technologies, whereas it looks to me that they are completely the same at the core, and Remote Desktop Services just adds some additional features, but doesn't reinvent anything.

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• Windows DHCP Server - get notification when a non-AD joined device gets an IP address

  - by TheCleaner

  SCENARIO To simplify this down to it's easiest example: I have a Windows 2008 R2 standard DC with the DHCP server role. It hands out IPs via various IPv4 scopes, no problem there. WHAT I'D LIKE I would like a way to create a notification/eventlog entry/similar whenever a device gets a DHCP address lease and that device IS NOT a domain joined computer in Active Directory. It doesn't matter to me whether it is custom Powershell, etc. Bottom line = I'd like a way to know when non-domain devices are on the network without using 802.1X at the moment. I know this won't account for static IP devices. I do have monitoring software that will scan the network and find devices, but it isn't quite this granular in detail. RESEARCH DONE/OPTIONS CONSIDERED I don't see any such possibilities with the built in logging. Yes, I'm aware of 802.1X and have the ability to implement it long-term at this location but we are some time away from a project like that, and while that would solve network authentication issues, this is still helpful to me outside of 802.1X goals. I've looked around for some script bits, etc. that might prove useful but the things I'm finding lead me to believe that my google-fu is failing me at the moment. I believe the below logic is sound (assuming there isn't some existing solution): Device receives DHCP address Event log entry is recorded (event ID 10 in the DHCP audit log should work (since a new lease is what I'd be most interested in, not renewals): http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd759178.aspx) At this point a script of some kind would probably have to take over for the remaining "STEPS" below. Somehow query this DHCP log for these event ID 10's (I would love push, but I'm guessing pull is the only recourse here) Parse the query for the name of the device being assigned the new lease Query AD for the device's name IF not found in AD, send a notification email If anyone has any ideas on how to properly do this, I'd really appreciate it. I'm not looking for a "gimme the codez" but would love to know if there are alternatives to the above list or if I'm not thinking clear and another method exists for gathering this information. If you have code snippets/PS commands you'd like to share to help accomplish this, all the better.

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• Windows 2003 Storage Server Hanging on Large File Transfers

  - by user25272

  In one of our offices we have a Dell PowerVault 745N NAS device which acts as the main file server. Its running 32bit Windows 2003 Storage Server SP2 with 3GB RAM. The server holds around 60 users HOME folders, which are mapped via AD. The office clients are a mix of XP SP3, Vista and Windows 7. Occasionally the server will completely hang when transferring large files. When the hang happens the console becomes unresponsive with only the mouse active and blank wallpaper. Sometimes stopping the copy frees the server, sometimes not. The hanging can last around 20 minutes. During this time other servers also become unresponsive with blank wallpaper at the console. If you do manage to get onto another server the taskbar and run commands are unresponsive. This also transcends to the client computers sometimes with explorer crashing. I'm guessing this is due to the HOME folder mapping. Eventually the NAS server with free up and everything will be back to normal. The server is configured as follows: PERC 4/DC DATA 2 - 12 SCSI HDD - RAID5 SHADOWCOPY 2 SCSI HDD - RAID1 CERC SATA DATA 11 4 SATA HDD - RAID5 OS 4 SATA HDD - RAID5 All the drivers and firmware is up to date. I've been through all the diagnostics with Dell and the hardware has come up clean including full HDD tests on the arrays. The server has NOD32 installed as the AV, but the hanging happens when it is uninstalled. There are no errors in the event log when this happens and we don't have any errors logged on any of our ProCurve switches. DNS is fine on the domain and AD from what I can tell is running happily. There are no DFS or NFS shares setup either. All the shares are standard Windows. I've unchecked the allow the computer to turn off this device to save power box under Power Management on the NIC. "Set Link Speed and Duplex to Auto-negotiate 1000 " Increased Receive Descriptors buffer from 256 to 352 (reserves more CPU resource for handling data) I've run network traces using network monitor and have found the following: 417 8.078125 {SMB:192, NbtSS:25, TCP:24, IPv4:23} 192.168.2.244 192.168.5.35 SMB SMB:R; Nt Create Andx - NT Status: System - Error, Code = (52) STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND I've tried different cabling; NICs and switch ports all with the same result. Transferring files from other servers on the domain is fine. All I haven't done is run CHKDSK on the drives to look for any file system errors. On the Vista clients I have also run netsh interface tcp set global autotuning=disabled with no result. Could it be that the server has a faulty drive or that the I/O is too much for it to handle? Any ideas why would the hang cause issues with the other servers on the LAN? Many Thanks.

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• =?UTF-8?B??= in Emails sent via php mail problem

  - by Camran

  I have a website, and in the "Contact" section I have a form which users may fill in to contact me. The form is a simple form which action is a php page. The php code: $to = "[email protected]"; $name=$_POST['name']; // sender name $email=$_POST['email']; // sender email $tel= $_POST['tel']; // sender tel $subject=$_POST['subject']; // subject CHOSEN FROM DROPLIST, ALL TESTED $text=$_POST['text']; // Message from sender $text.="\n\nTel:".$tel; // Added to message to show me the telephone nr to the sender at bottom of message $headers="MIME-Version: 1.0"."\n"; $headers.="Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8"."\n"; $headers.="From: $name <$email>"."\n"; mail($to, '=?UTF-8?B?'.base64_encode($subject).'?=', $text, $headers, '[email protected]'); Could somebody please tell me why this works most of the time, but sometimes I receive email whith no text and the subject line showing =?UTF-8?B??= I use outlook express, and I have read this http://stackoverflow.com/questions/454833/system-net-mail-and-utf-8bxxxxx-headers but it didn't help. The problem is not in Outlook, because when I log in to the actual mailprogram where I fetch the POP3 emails from, the email looks the same. When I right click in Outlook and chose "message source" then there is no "From" information. Ex, a good message should look like this: Subject: =?UTF-8?B?w5Z2cmlndA==?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 From: John Doe However, the ones with problem looks like this: Subject: =?UTF-8?B??= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 From: As if the information has been lost somewhere. You should know also that I have a VPS, which I manage myself. I use postfix as an emailserver, if thats got anything to do with it. But then again, why does it work sometimes? Also another thing that I have noticed is that sometimes special characters are not shown correctly (by both Outlook and the webmail). For instance, the name "Björkman" in swedish is shown like Björkman, but again, only sometimes. I hope anybody knows something about this problem, because it is very hard to track down for me atleast. If you need more input let me know.

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• Different files on shared partition?

  - by Matt Robertson

  I am dual-booting Windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.04. My partition scheme looks like this: /dev/sda1 - Windows 8 (nfts) /dev/sda2 - Ubuntu / (ext4) /dev/sda3 - Ubuntu home (ext4) /dev/sda5 - swap /dev/sda6 - Shared data partition (exfat) (First off, yes I do have exfat libraries installed on Ubuntu) I created some PNG images in Windows and saved them on my shared partition. From Ubuntu, I edited the images in GIMP and saved them (replacing the ones on the shared partition). When I boot into Windows, the files appear unchanged - exactly like they did before I edited them from Ubuntu. I even added a folder and deleted some other files, but none of these changes exist in Windows. When I boot into Ubuntu, all of the changes are still there. It is as if Windows is caching the old file structure... How is this possible? Thanks in advance. Edit -- commands output ~~ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk +-sda1 8:1 0 165.1G 0 part +-sda2 8:2 0 21.3G 0 part / +-sda3 8:3 0 98.9G 0 part /home +-sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part +-sda5 8:5 0 7.8G 0 part [SWAP] +-sda6 8:6 0 172.7G 0 part /mnt/shared_data ~~ /etc/fstab # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # /dev/sda2 UUID=8f700f65-b5c7-4afc-a6fb-8f9271e0fb5e / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /dev/sda3 UUID=f0d688b7-22bd-4fa7-bc1b-a594af2933fa /home ext4 defaults 0 2 # /dev/sda5 UUID=3bc2399b-5deb-4f04-924b-d4fc77491997 none swap sw 0 0 # /dev/sda6 UUID=F2DE-BC47 /mnt/shared_data exfat defaults 0 3 ~~ /etc/mtab /dev/sda2 / ext4 rw,errors=remount-ro 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 none /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw 0 0 udev /dev devtmpfs rw,mode=0755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755 0 0 none /run/lock tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880 0 0 none /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home ext4 rw 0 0 /dev/sda6 /mnt/shared_data fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 gvfs-fuse-daemon /home/matt/.gvfs fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon rw,nosuid,nodev,user=matt 0 0

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• Rsync over ssh: "ERROR: module is read only" suddenly appeared

  - by user978548

  I've used from some time rsync/ssh to backup my shared host contents to my personal Synology NAS (212j for that matter), and it worked quite well. For information, I use a password-less ssh connection. 3 days ago, I updated my NAS software and since (or at least I believe it's since that), the backup won't work anymore. I get the following error on the host: rsync: writefd_unbuffered failed to write 4 bytes to socket [sender]: Broken pipe (32) ERROR: module is read only ..which I do not understand. beside that nothing changed that I know of in both source and destination that can be related to rsync or ssh, I did check a few things and all seems to be alright: I can still connect through ssh from the host to my NAS with the good user, so ssh stuff like keys haven't changed. I also have the correct file permissions on the NAS (I checked, and also tried to create files, directories, .. with the user used by rsync through ssh). I read here and there that the error means that I have to ensure that my rsyncd.conf have the right read only = no in it, but as far as I know, I never used rsyncd as well as I never configured anything for it and until now it worked like a charm.. I use the following command to do the backup: rsync -ab --recursive \ --files-from="$FILES_FROM" \ --backup-dir=backup_$SUFFIX \ --delete \ --filter='protect backup_*' \ $WDIRECTORY/ \ remote_backup:$REMOTE_BACKUP/ So I'm stuck and really can't figure out what happened. Edit: As suggested in comments, I also tried passing commands to ssh (but not from inside a ssh session), that worked as expected, and also tried a single rsync command, which didnt worked, failing just like the complete backup command. (sharedHost):hostuser:~ > touch test.txt (sharedHost):hostuser:~ > rsync test.txt remote_backup:backups/test.txt ERROR: module is read only rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1034) [Receiver=3.0.8] rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (9 bytes received so far) [sender] rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(601) [sender=3.0.7] and (sharedHost):hostuser:~ > ssh remote_backup 'touch /abs_path_to_backups/backups/test2.txt && echo "ProoF" > /abs_path_to_backups/backups/test2.txt' (sharedHost):hostuser:~ > ssh remote_backup 'cat /abs_path_to_backups/backups/test2.txt' ProoF

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• WIndows 7 cannot boot - bootrec reports FS not found or corrupt

  - by purecharger

  For 3 days now I've been unable to boot into my Windows 7 partition, and all my research has been to no avail. I'm hoping someone here has more ideas on how to fix this. When I boot up now, I get the black screen with BCD error that says theres no valid file system or it may be corrupt (pardon my lack of detail, no copy/paste is available then). When I boot with the Windows 7 disc and go into repair tools, no operating system is found, and attempting to automatically repair the problem fails with Unknown Operating System (Unknown Disk) or something similar. When I drop into the command prompt, I am able to see and navigate my C:\ drive without issue. I attempt to use bootrec: C:\> bootrec /ScanOS Finds C:\Windows as a system partition. C:\> bootrec /RebuildBCD Fails with volume does not contain a recognized file system. please make sure that all required file system drivers are loaded and that the volume is not corrupted. So then I attempt to fix the bootsector: C:\> bootsect /nt60 C: /force Which completes successfully (sorry, no output..) Upon rebooting, I have the same problem. I've also tried all of the above after making my Windows partition active: C:\> diskpart DISKPART> select disk 1 DISKPART> select partition 1 DISKPART> active DISKPART> exit Then bootrec as above, both with and without a reboot after the DISKPART commands. Then I've also tried rebuilding the BCD store by hand: set systemdrive=C: set tempbcd=C:\boot\bcd.temp set tempfile=C:\boot\temp.txt bcdedit -createstore %tempbcd% bcdedit.exe -store %tempbcd% -create {bootmgr} -d "Windows Boot Manager" bcdedit -store %tempbcd% -create -d "Windows Vista" -application osloader>%tempfile% set /p winvistaguid= <%tempfile% set winvistaguid=%winvistaguid:~10,38% bcdedit -store %tempbcd% -set %winvistaguid% osdevice partition=%systemdrive% bcdedit -store %tempbcd% -set %winvistaguid% device partition=%systemdrive% bcdedit -store %tempbcd% -set %winvistaguid% path \Windows\system32\winload.exe bcdedit -store %tempbcd% -set %winvistaguid% systemroot \Windows bcdedit -import %tempbcd% However on the import, I get my familiar friendly message: volume does not contain a recognized file system. please make sure that all required file system drivers are loaded and that the volume is not corrupted I'm at my wits end here, and I cannot understand why Windows refuses to see this as a valid install. When I list the disk/partition in DISKPART, it shows up as NTFS and "Healthy", and I can navigate the directory structure from DOS with no problems. I really, really do not want to reformat and reinstall. I know this problem can be solved!

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