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• python report generator from a pdf file

  - by joven

  I have a PDF copy of a file for creating a report. Based on this form, we will generate a report. Is there any way that I can fill out the needed fields on the PDF form using python? How?

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• Yes, another thread question...

  - by Michael

  I can't understand why I am loosing control of my GUI even though I am implementing a thread to play a .wav file. Can someone pin point what is incorrect? #!/usr/bin/env python import wx, pyaudio, wave, easygui, thread, time, os, sys, traceback, threading import wx.lib.delayedresult as inbg isPaused = False isStopped = False class Frame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self): print 'Frame' wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, id=-1, title="Jasmine", size=(720, 300)) #initialize panel panel = wx.Panel(self, -1) #initialize grid bag sizer = wx.GridBagSizer(hgap=20, vgap=20) #initialize buttons exitButton = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, "Exit") pauseButton = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Pause') prevButton = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Prev') nextButton = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Next') stopButton = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Stop') #add widgets to sizer sizer.Add(pauseButton, pos=(1,10)) sizer.Add(prevButton, pos=(1,11)) sizer.Add(nextButton, pos=(1,12)) sizer.Add(stopButton, pos=(1,13)) sizer.Add(exitButton, pos=(5,13)) #initialize song time gauge #timeGauge = wx.Gauge(panel, 20) #sizer.Add(timeGauge, pos=(3,10), span=(0, 0)) #initialize menuFile widget menuFile = wx.Menu() menuFile.Append(0, "L&oad") menuFile.Append(1, "E&xit") menuBar = wx.MenuBar() menuBar.Append(menuFile, "&File") menuAbout = wx.Menu() menuAbout.Append(2, "A&bout...") menuAbout.AppendSeparator() menuBar.Append(menuAbout, "Help") self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) self.CreateStatusBar() self.SetStatusText("Welcome to Jasime!") #place sizer on panel panel.SetSizer(sizer) #initialize icon self.cd_image = wx.Image('cd_icon.png', wx.BITMAP_TYPE_PNG) self.temp = self.cd_image.ConvertToBitmap() self.size = self.temp.GetWidth(), self.temp.GetHeight() wx.StaticBitmap(parent=panel, bitmap=self.temp) #set binding self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnQuit, id=exitButton.GetId()) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.pause, id=pauseButton.GetId()) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.stop, id=stopButton.GetId()) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.loadFile, id=0) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnQuit, id=1) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnAbout, id=2) #Load file usiing FileDialog, and create a thread for user control while running the file def loadFile(self, event): foo = wx.FileDialog(self, message="Open a .wav file...", defaultDir=os.getcwd(), defaultFile="", style=wx.FD_MULTIPLE) foo.ShowModal() self.queue = foo.GetPaths() self.threadID = 1 while len(self.queue) != 0: self.song = myThread(self.threadID, self.queue[0]) self.song.start() while self.song.isAlive(): time.sleep(2) self.queue.pop(0) self.threadID += 1 def OnQuit(self, event): self.Close() def OnAbout(self, event): wx.MessageBox("This is a great cup of tea.", "About Jasmine", wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION, self) def pause(self, event): global isPaused isPaused = not isPaused def stop(self, event): global isStopped isStopped = not isStopped class myThread (threading.Thread): def __init__(self, threadID, wf): self.threadID = threadID self.wf = wf threading.Thread.__init__(self) def run(self): global isPaused global isStopped self.waveFile = wave.open(self.wf, 'rb') #initialize stream self.p = pyaudio.PyAudio() self.stream = self.p.open(format = self.p.get_format_from_width(self.waveFile.getsampwidth()), channels = self.waveFile.getnchannels(), rate = self.waveFile.getframerate(), output = True) self.data = self.waveFile.readframes(1024) isPaused = False isStopped = False #main play loop, with pause event checking while self.data != '': # while isPaused != True: # if isStopped == False: self.stream.write(self.data) self.data = self.waveFile.readframes(1024) # elif isStopped == True: # self.stream.close() # self.p.terminate() self.stream.close() self.p.terminate() class App(wx.App): def OnInit(self): self.frame = Frame() self.frame.Show() self.SetTopWindow(self.frame) return True def main(): app = App() app.MainLoop() if __name__=='__main__': main()

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• Simple CMS (php/python)

  - by Eeyore

  I am looking for an easy to use CMS that can be used to host a multilingual website with photo galleries and few forms. I am open to php/python excluding wordpress/joomla/drupal.

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• Simple question in ClientLogin using python gdata library

  Hi friends, I have incorporated ClientLogin into my python application to retrieve contact list of the user , I like to know how to get the name of the user who has logged in.My code to get the names from the contact list of the user is as given below gd_client = gdata.contacts.service.ContactsService() gd_client.email = yemail gd_client.password = ypass gd_client.source = 'GoogleInc-ContactsPythonSample-1' gd_client.ProgrammaticLogin() query = gdata.contacts.service.ContactsQuery() query.max_results=150 feed = gd_client.GetContactsFeed(query.ToUri()) for i, entry in enumerate(feed.entry): #print '\n%s %s' % (ctr+i+1, entry.title.text) na=entry.title.text names.append(na) Please help me to know how to get the name of the user who has logged in Thanks ganesh

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• Generate a list of file names based on month and year arithmetic

  - by MacUsers

  How can I list the numbers 01 to 12 (one for each of the 12 months) in such a way so that the current month always comes last where the oldest one is first. In other words, if the number is grater than the current month, it's from the previous year. e.g. 02 is Feb, 2011 (the current month right now), 03 is March, 2010 and 09 is Sep, 2010 but 01 is Jan, 2011. In this case, I'd like to have [09, 03, 01, 02]. This is what I'm doing to determine the year: for inFile in os.listdir('.'): if inFile.isdigit(): month = months[int(inFile)] if int(inFile) <= int(strftime("%m")): year = strftime("%Y") else: year = int(strftime("%Y"))-1 mnYear = month + ", " + str(year) I don't have a clue what to do next. What should I do here? Update: I think, I better upload the entire script for better understanding. #!/usr/bin/env python import os, sys from time import strftime from calendar import month_abbr vGroup = {} vo = "group_lhcb" SI00_fig = float(2.478) months = tuple(month_abbr) print "\n%-12s\t%10s\t%8s\t%10s" % ('VOs','CPU-time','CPU-time','kSI2K-hrs') print "%-12s\t%10s\t%8s\t%10s" % ('','(in Sec)','(in Hrs)','(*2.478)') print "=" * 58 for inFile in os.listdir('.'): if inFile.isdigit(): readFile = open(inFile, 'r') lines = readFile.readlines() readFile.close() month = months[int(inFile)] if int(inFile) <= int(strftime("%m")): year = strftime("%Y") else: year = int(strftime("%Y"))-1 mnYear = month + ", " + str(year) for line in lines[2:]: if line.find(vo)==0: g, i = line.split() s = vGroup.get(g, 0) vGroup[g] = s + int(i) sumHrs = ((vGroup[g]/60)/60) sumSi2k = sumHrs*SI00_fig print "%-12s\t%10s\t%8s\t%10.2f" % (mnYear,vGroup[g],sumHrs,sumSi2k) del vGroup[g] When I run the script, I get this: [root@serv07 usage]# ./test.py VOs CPU-time CPU-time kSI2K-hrs (in Sec) (in Hrs) (*2.478) ================================================== Jan, 2011 211201372 58667 145376.83 Dec, 2010 5064337 1406 3484.07 Feb, 2011 17506049 4862 12048.04 Sep, 2010 210874275 58576 145151.33 As I said in the original post, I like the result to be in this order instead: Sep, 2010 210874275 58576 145151.33 Dec, 2010 5064337 1406 3484.07 Jan, 2011 211201372 58667 145376.83 Feb, 2011 17506049 4862 12048.04 The files in the source directory reads like this: [root@serv07 usage]# ls -l total 3632 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1144972 Feb 9 19:23 01 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 556630 Feb 13 09:11 02 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 443782 Feb 11 17:23 02.bak -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1144556 Feb 14 09:30 09 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 370822 Feb 9 19:24 12 Did I give a better picture now? Sorry for not being very clear in the first place. Cheers!! Update @Mark Ransom This is the result from Mark's suggestion: [root@serv07 usage]# ./test.py VOs CPU-time CPU-time kSI2K-hrs (in Sec) (in Hrs) (*2.478) ========================================================== Dec, 2010 5064337 1406 3484.07 Sep, 2010 210874275 58576 145151.33 Feb, 2011 17506049 4862 12048.04 Jan, 2011 211201372 58667 145376.83 As I said before, I'm looking for the result to b printed in this order: Sep, 2010 - Dec, 2010 - Jan, 2011 - Feb, 2011 Cheers!!

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• How I redirect python stdout to C stdin using pipelines in linux

  - by Robinson

  I have a python script and I want to use the output of it to be the input of other C program. I want to use pipelines, sintax would be: python_script.py | C_program but I don't know how to redirect the pythons stdout to C stdin

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• Php frameworks similar to one in Python like Django

  - by kapildalwani

  Has anyone used Php frameworks just like we have in Python(Django) and Java(Spring). I want to use something which has end to end solutions. ORM tools, transaction mangement, logging etc. I am not sure how Cake is? But, I am looking something very similar to Django in Php.

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• Counting HTML images with Python

  - by user2537246

  I need some feedback on how to count HTML images with Python 3.01 after extracting them, maybe my regular expression are used properly. Here is my code: import re, os import urllib.request def get_image(url): url = 'http://www.google.com' total = 0 try: f = urllib.request.urlopen(url) for line in f.readline(): line = re.compile('<img.*?src="(.*?)">') if total > 0: x = line.count(total) total += x print('Images total:', total) except: pass

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• python report generator basin from a pdf file (pyhton)

  - by joven

  I have a pdf copy of a file for creating a report and basing from this form we will generate a report on it... is there any way that i can fill out the needed fields on the pdf form through python?? and how to do it if there is any way to do it?? thanks in advance :)

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• Accessing html table rows in python django

  - by apoorva

  Hi I am very new to both django and python... I have a html table with person information in each row...How do i get a particular row entry/id of the one i need to edit/delete to accordingly update/delete the row in database??

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• importing modules in app engine

  - by tanky

  Ive asked this before, but it seems i wasnt clear/detailed enough and after a week of trying im still struggling so i will try again. i am trying to use, oauth2 and ply on app engine. i have tried copying their directories into my app engine project directory (in the form ply-3.4 or brosner-python-oauth2-82a05f9) and i have tried copying the specific sub directory contained within the aforemention one. (ply or oauth2) i have tried saying import oauth2, from brosner-oauth2_python-82a05f9 import oauth and other variations on the theme, but i still cant get it to work nothing has worked. i have tried including them in app.yaml, but that seemed to create an even bigger error as my entire project wouldnt even run when i tried that. and now i have run out of things to try. the error log i am getting is as follows. INFO 2012-10-20 22:33:29,358 dev_appserver.py:2884] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 - WARNING 2012-10-20 22:33:58,453 py_zipimport.py:139] Can't open zipfile C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\oauth2-1.0.2-py2.7.egg: IOError: [Errno 13] file not accessible: 'C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\oauth2-1.0.2-py2.7.egg' WARNING 2012-10-20 22:33:58,453 py_zipimport.py:139] Can't open zipfile C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\ply-3.4-py2.7.egg: IOError: [Errno 13] file not accessible: 'C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\ply-3.4-py2.7.egg' WARNING 2012-10-20 22:33:58,453 py_zipimport.py:139] Can't open zipfile C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\tweepy-1.11-py2.7.egg: IOError: [Errno 13] file not accessible: 'C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\tweepy-1.11-py2.7.egg' ERROR 2012-10-20 22:34:00,015 wsgi.py:189] Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\runtime\wsgi.py", line 187, in Handle handler = _config_handle.add_wsgi_middleware(self._LoadHandler()) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\runtime\wsgi.py", line 225, in _LoadHandler handler = import(path[0]) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver_import_hook.py", line 676, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver_import_hook.py", line 1850, in load_module return self.FindAndLoadModule(submodule, fullname, search_path) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver_import_hook.py", line 676, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver_import_hook.py", line 1722, in FindAndLoadModule description) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver_import_hook.py", line 676, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver_import_hook.py", line 1665, in LoadModuleRestricted description) File "C:\Documents and Settings\ladds\My Documents\udacity\sigh\main.py", line 3, in import ply ImportError: No module named ply INFO 2012-10-20 22:34:00,030 dev_appserver.py:2884] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 - thanks for any help.

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• Cross-site request forgery protections: Where do I put all these lines?

  - by brilliant

  Hello, I was looking for a python code that would be able to log in from "Google App Engine" to some of my accounts on some websites (like yahoo or eBay) and was given this code: import urllib, urllib2, cookielib url = "https://login.yahoo.com/config/login?" form_data = {'login' : 'my-login-here', 'passwd' : 'my-password-here'} jar = cookielib.CookieJar() opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(jar)) form_data = urllib.urlencode(form_data) # data returned from this pages contains redirection resp = opener.open(url, form_data) # yahoo redirects to http://my.yahoo.com, so lets go there instead resp = opener.open('http://mail.yahoo.com') print resp.read() Unfortunately, this code didn't work, so I asked another question here and one supporter among other things said this: "You send MD5 hash and not plain password. Also you'd have to play along with all kinds of CSRF protections etc. that they're implementing. Look: <input type="hidden" name=".tries" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name=".src" value="ym"> <input type="hidden" name=".md5" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".hash" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".js" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".last" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="promo" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".intl" value="us"> <input type="hidden" name=".bypass" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".partner" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".u" value="bd5tdpd5rf2pg"> <input type="hidden" name=".v" value="0"> <input type="hidden" name=".challenge" value="5qUiIPGVFzRZ2BHhvtdGXoehfiOj"> <input type="hidden" name=".yplus" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".emailCode" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="pkg" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="stepid" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".ev" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="hasMsgr" value="0"> <input type="hidden" name=".chkP" value="Y"> <input type="hidden" name=".done" value="http://mail.yahoo.com"> <input type="hidden" name=".pd" value="ym_ver=0&c=&ivt=&sg="> I am not quite sure where he got all these lines from and where in my code I am supposed to add them. Do You have any idea? I know I was supposed to ask him this question first, and I did, but he never returned, so I decided to ask a separate question here.

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• Representing xml through a single class

  - by Charles

  I am trying to abstract away the difficulties of configuring an application that we use. This application takes a xml configuration file and it can be a bit bothersome to manually edit this file, especially when we are trying to setup some automatic testing scenarios. I am finding that reading xml is nice, pretty easy, you get a network of element nodes that you can just go through and build your structures quite nicely. However I am slowly finding that the reverse is not quite so nice. I want to be able to build a xml configuration file through a single easy to use interface and because xml is composed of a system of nodes I am having a lot of struggle trying to maintain the 'easy' part. Does anyone know of any examples or samples that easily and intuitively build xml files without declaring a bunch of element type classes and expect the user to build the network themselves? For example if my desired xml output is like so <cook version="1.1"> <recipe name="chocolate chip cookie"> <ingredients> <ingredient name="flour" amount="2" units="cups"/> <ingredient name="eggs" amount="2" units="" /> <ingredient name="cooking chocolate" amount="5" units="cups" /> </ingredients> <directions> <direction name="step 1">Preheat oven</direction> <direction name="step 2">Mix flour, egg, and chocolate</direction> <direction name="step 2">bake</direction> </directions> </recipe> <recipe name="hot dog"> ... How would I go about designing a class to build that network of elements and make one easy to use interface for creating recipes? Right now I have a recipe object, an ingredient object, and a direction object. The user must make each one, set the attributes in the class and attach them to the root object which assembles the xml elements and outputs the formatted xml. Its not very pretty and I just know there has to be a better way. I am using python so bonus points for pythonic solutions

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• I'm searching for a messaging platform (like XMPP) that allows tight integration with a web applicat

  - by loxs

  Hi, At the company I work for, we are building a cluster of web applications for collaboration. Things like accounting, billing, CRM etc. We are using a RESTfull technique: For database we use CouchDB Different applications communicate with one another and with the database via http. Besides, we have a single sign on solution, so that when you login in one application, you are automatically logged to the other. For all apps we use Python (Pylons). Now we need to add instant messaging to the stack. We need to support both web and desktop clients. But just being able to chat is not enough. We need to be able to achieve all of the following (and more similar things). When somebody gets assigned to a task, they must receive a message. I guess this is possible with some system daemon. There must be an option to automatically group people in groups by lots of different properties. For example, there must be groups divided both by geographical location, by company division, by job type (all the programers from different cities and different company divisions must form a group), so that one can send mass messages to a group of choice. Rooms should be automatically created and destroyed. For example when several people visit the same invoice, a room for them must be automatically created (and they must auto-join). And when all leave the invoice, the room must be destroyed. Authentication and authorization from our applications. I can implement this using custom solutions like hookbox http://hookbox.org/docs/intro.html but then I'll have lots of problems in supporting desktop clients. I have no former experience with instant messaging. I've been reading about this lately. I've been looking mostly at things like ejabberd. But it has been a hard time and I can't find whether what I want is possible at all. So I'd be happy if people with experience in this field could help me with some advice, articles, tales of what is possible etc.

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• changing file extension in python

  - by user343934

  Suppose from index.py, i have post file .fasta to display file. I want to change .fasta file extension to **.aln in display file. How can i do it? I am working right now on python cgi. Thanks for listening

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• How to efficiently resize an array of values, without boxing, used within a Dictionary<string, float[]>

  - by makerofthings7

  In the code below, Pages is defined as public SortedDictionary<DateTime, float[]> Pages { get; set; } I am trying to dynamically increase the size of this array. Can anyone tell how to increase the sized of the innermost float[]? var tt = currentContainer.Pages[dateTime]; Array.Resize<float>(ref tt, currentContainer.Pages.Count + 1); Fail 1 I tried the following code and get index out of range exception SortedDictionary<DateTime, float[]> Pages = new SortedDictionary<DateTime,float[]>(); float[] xx = new float[1]; xx[0] = 1; DateTime tempTime = DateTime.UtcNow; Pages.Add(tempTime, xx); var tt = Pages[tempTime]; Array.Resize<float>(ref tt, Pages.Count + 1); Pages[tempTime][1] = 2; Fail 2 The following gives a compile time error (property, index, or dynamic member can't be used as a ref value) SortedDictionary<DateTime, float[]> Pages = new SortedDictionary<DateTime,float[]>(); float[] xx = new float[1]; xx[0] = 1; DateTime tempTime = DateTime.UtcNow; Pages.Add(tempTime, xx); var tt = Pages[tempTime]; // The line below is different from Fail 1 above ... compile time error Array.Resize<float>(ref Pages[tempTime], Pages.Count + 1); Pages[tempTime][1] = 2; Question What is the most performant answer to resize this array? Would the answer change if it's likely that the final size will be 100-200 floats or 700-900 floats? What if I change my allocation size from +1 to +128? .. or larger?

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• Searching for duplicate records within a text file where the duplicate is determined by only two fie

  - by plg

  First, Python Newbie; be patient/kind. Next, once a month I receive a large text file (think 7 Million records) to test for duplicate values. This is catalog information. I get 7 fields, but the two I'm interested in are a supplier code and a full orderable part number. To determine if the record is dupliacted, I compress all special characters from the part number (except . and #) and create a compressed part number. The test for duplicates becomes the supplier code and compressed part number combination. This part is fairly straight forward. Currently, I am just copying the original file with 2 new columns (compressed part and duplicate indicator). If the part is a duplicate, I put a "YES" in the last field. Now that this is done, I want to be able to go back (or better yet, at the same time) to get the previous record where there was a supplier code/compressed part number match. So far, my code looks like this: Compress Full Part to a Compressed Part and Check for Duplicates on Supplier Code and Compressed Part combination import sys import re import time ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ start=time.time() try: file1 = open("C:\Accounting\May Accounting\May.txt", "r") except IOError: print sys.stderr, "Cannot Open Read File" sys.exit(1) try: file2 = open(file1.name[0:len(file1.name)-4] + "_" + "COMPRESSPN.txt", "a") except IOError: print sys.stderr, "Cannot Open Write File" sys.exit(1) hdrList="CIGSUPPLIER|FULL_PART|PART_STATUS|ALIAS_FLAG|ACQUISITION_FLAG|COMPRESSED_PART|DUPLICATE_INDICATOR" file2.write(hdrList+chr(10)) lines_seen=set() affirm="YES" records = file1.readlines() for record in records: fields = record.split(chr(124)) if fields[0]=="CIGSupplier": continue #If incoming file has a header line, skip it file2.write(fields[0]+"|"), #Supplier Code file2.write(fields[1]+"|"), #Full_Part file2.write(fields[2]+"|"), #Part Status file2.write(fields[3]+"|"), #Alias Flag file2.write(re.sub("[$\r\n]", "", fields[4])+"|"), #Acquisition Flag file2.write(re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z.#]", "", fields[1])+"|"), #Compressed_Part dupechk=fields[0]+"|"+re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z.#]", "", fields[1]) if dupechk not in lines_seen: file2.write(chr(10)) lines_seen.add(dupechk) else: file2.write(affirm+chr(10)) print "it took", time.time() - start, "seconds." ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ file2.close() file1.close() It runs in less than 6 minutes, so I am happy with this part, even if it is not elegant. Right now, when I get my results, I import the results into Access and do a self join to locate the duplicates. Loading/querying/exporting results in Access a file this size takes around an hour, so I would like to be able to export the matched duplicates to another text file or an Excel file. Confusing enough? Thanks.

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• using python library in .net

  - by vbNewbie

  is it possible to include a library created in python/php in a .net application. In this scenario the library handles authentication for an API.

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• Twisted + SQLAlchemy and the best way to do it.

  - by Khorkrak

  So I'm writing yet another Twisted based daemon. It'll have an xmlrpc interface as usual so I can easily communicate with it and have other processes interchange data with it as needed. This daemon needs to access a database. We've been using SQL Alchemy in place of hard coding SQL strings for our latest projects - those mostly done for web apps in Pylons. We'd like to do the same for this app and re-use library code that makes use of SQL Alchemy. So what to do? Well of course since that library was written for use in a Pylons app it's all the straight-forward blocking style code that everyone is accustomed to and all of the non-blocking is magically handled by Pylons via threading, thread locals, scoped sessions and so on. So now for Twisted I guess I'm a bit stuck. I could: Just write the sql I need directly if it's minimal and use the dbapi pool in twisted to do runInteractions etc when I need to hit the db. Use the objects and inherently blocking methods in our library and block now and then in my Twisted daemon. Bah. Use sAsync which was last updated in 2008 and kind of reuse the models we have defined already but not really and it does address code that needs to work in Pylons either. Does that even work with the latest version SQL Alchemy? Who knows. That project looked great though - why was it apparently abandoned? Spawn a separate subprocess and have it deal with the library code and all it's blocking, the results being returned back to my daemon when ready as objects marshalled via YAML over xmlrpc. Use deferToThread and then expunge the objects returned having made sure to do eager loads so that I have all my stuff that I might need. Seems kind of ugha to me. I'm also stuck using Python 2.5.4 atm so no 2.6 yet and I don't think I can just do an import from future to get access to the cool new multiprocessing module stuff in there. That's OK though I guess as we've got dealing with interprocess communication down pretty well. So I'm leaning towards option 4 mostly as that would avoid the mortal sin of logic duplication with option 1 while also staying the heck away from threads. Any better ideas?

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• Passing variables, creating instances, self, The mechanics and usage of classes: need explenation

  - by Baf

  I've been sitting over this the whole day and Im a little tired already so please excuse me being brief. Im new to python. I just rewrrote a working program, into a bunch of functions in a class and everzthings messed up. I dont know if its me but Im very surprised i couldn t find a beginners tutorial on how to handle classes on the web so I have a few questions. First of all, in the init section of the class i have declared a bunch of variables with self.variable=something. Is it correct that i should be able to access/modify these variables in every function of the class by using self.variable in that function? In other words by declaring self.variable i have made these variables, global variables in the scope of the class right? If not how do i handle self. ? Secondly how do i correctly pass arguments to the class? some example code would be cool. thirdly how do i call a function of the class outside of the class scope? some example code would be cool. fouthly how do I create an Instance of the class INITIALCLASS in another class OTHERCLASS, passing variables from OTHERCLASS to INITIALCLASS? some example code would be cool. I Want to call a function from OTHERCLASS with arguments from INITIALCLASS. What Ive done so far is. class OTHERCLASS(): def __init__(self,variable1,variable2,variable3): self.variable1=variable1 self.variable2=variable2 self.variable3=variable3 def someotherfunction(self): something=somecode(using self.variable3) self.variable2.append(something) print self.variable2 def somemorefunctions(self): self.variable2.append(variable1) class INITIALCLASS(): def __init__(self): self.variable1=value1 self.variable2=[] self.variable3='' self.DoIt=OTHERCLASS(variable1,variable2,variable3) def somefunction(self): variable3=Somecode #tried this self.DoIt.someotherfunctions() #and this DoIt.someotherfunctions() I clearly havent understood how to pass variables to classes or how to handle self, when to use it and when not, I probably also havent understood how to properly create an isntance of a class. In general i havent udnerstood the mechanics of classes So please help me and explain it to me like i have no Idea( which i dont it seems). Or point me to a thorough video, or readable tutorial. All i find on the web is super simple examples, that didnt help me much. Or just very short definitions of classes and class methods instances etc. I can send you my original code if you guys want, but its quite long. Thanks for the Help Much appreciated!

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• Unable to get set intersection to work

  - by chavanak

  Sorry for the double post, I will update this question if I can't get things to work :) I am trying to compare two files. I will list the two file content: File 1 File 2 "d.complex.1" "d.complex.1" 1 4 5 5 48 47 65 21 d.complex.10 d.complex.10 46 6 21 46 109 121 192 192 TI am trying to compare the contents of the two file but not in a trivial way. I will explain what I want with an example. If you observe the file content I have typed above, the d.complex.1 of file_1 has "5" similar to d.complex.1 in file_2; the same d.complex.1 in file_1 has nothing similar to d.complex.10 in file_2. What I am trying to do is just to print out those d.complex. which has nothing in similar with the other d.complex. Consider the d.complex. as a heading if you want. But all I am trying is compare the numbers below each d.complex. and if nothing matches, I want that particular d.complex. from both files to be printed. If even one number is present in both d.complex. of both files, I want it to be rejected. My Code: The method I chose to achieve this was to use sets and then do a difference. Code I wrote was: first_complex=open( "file1.txt", "r" ) first_complex_lines=first_complex.readlines() first_complex_lines=map( string.strip, first_complex_lines ) first_complex.close() second_complex=open( "file2.txt", "r" ) second_complex_lines=second_complex.readlines() second_complex_lines=map( string.strip, second_complex_lines ) second_complex.close() list_1=[] list_2=[] res_1=[] for line in first_complex_lines: if line.startswith( "d.complex" ): res_1.append( [] ) res_1[-1].append( line ) res_2=[] for line in second_complex_lines: if line.startswith( "d.complex" ): res_2.append( [] ) res_2[-1].append( line ) h=len( res_1 ) k=len( res_2 ) for i in res_1: for j in res_2: print i[0] print j[0] target_set=set ( i ) target_set_1=set( j ) for s in target_set: if s not in target_set_1: if s[0] != "d": print s The above code is giving an output like this (just an example): d.complex.1.dssp d.complex.1.dssp 1 48 65 d.complex.1.dssp d.complex.10.dssp 46 21 109 What I would like to have is: d.complex.1 d.complex.1 (name from file2) d.complex.1 d.complex.10 (name from file2) I am sorry for confusing you guys, but this is all that is required. I am so new to python so my concept above might be flawed. Also I have never used sets before :(. Can someone give me a hand here?

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• Fastest way to copy a set (100+) of related SQLAlchemy objects and change attribute on each one

  - by rebus

  I am developing an app that keeps track of items going in and out of factory. For example, lets say you have 3 kinds of plastic coming in, they are mixed in various ratios and then sent out as a new product. So to keep track of this I've created following database structure: This is very simplified overview of my SQLAlchemy models: IN <- RATIO <- OUT <- REPORT ITEMS -> REPORT IN are products coming in, RATIO is various information on measurements, and OUT is a final product. REPORT is basically a header model which has a lot of REPORT ITEMS attached to it, which in turn relate it to OUT products. This would all work perfectly, but IN and RATION values can change. These changes ultimately change the OUT product which would mean the REPORT values would change. So in order to change an attribute on IN object for example I should copy that object with that attribute changed. I would think this is basically a question about database normalization, because i didn't want to duplicate all the IN, RATIO and OUT information by writing it in REPORT ITEMS table for example, but I've came across this problem (well not really a problem but rather a feature I'd like for a user to have). When the attribute on IN object is changed I want related objects (RATIO and OUT) automatically copied and related to a new IN object. So I was thinking something like: Take an existing instance of model IN that needs to change (call it old_in) Create a new one out of it with some attributes changed (call it new_in) Collect all the RATIO objects that are related to old_in Copy each RATIO and relate them to a new_in Collect all the OUT objects that are related to old RATIO Copy each OUT and relate them to a new RATIO Few questions pop to mind when i look at this problem: Should i just duplicate the data, does all this copying even make sense? If it does, should i rather do it in plain SQL? If no what would be the best approach to do it with Python and SQLAlchemy? Any general answer would suffice really, at least a pointer in right direction. I really want to free then end user for hassle of having create new ratios and out products.

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• Is there a way to efficiently yield every file in a directory containing millions of files?

  - by Josh Smeaton

  I'm aware of os.listdir, but as far as I can gather, that gets all the filenames in a directory into memory, and then returns the list. What I want, is a way to yield a filename, work on it, and then yield the next one, without reading them all into memory. Is there any way to do this? I worry about the case where filenames change, new files are added, and files are deleted using such a method. Some iterators prevent you from modifying the collection during iteration, essentially by taking a snapshot of the state of the collection at the beginning, and comparing that state on each move operation. If there is an iterator capable of yielding filenames from a path, does it raise an error if there are filesystem changes (add, remove, rename files within the iterated directory) which modify the collection? There could potentially be a few cases that could cause the iterator to fail, and it all depends on how the iterator maintains state. Using S.Lotts example: filea.txt fileb.txt filec.txt Iterator yields filea.txt. During processing, filea.txt is renamed to filey.txt and fileb.txt is renamed to filez.txt. When the iterator attempts to get the next file, if it were to use the filename filea.txt to find it's current position in order to find the next file and filea.txt is not there, what would happen? It may not be able to recover it's position in the collection. Similarly, if the iterator were to fetch fileb.txt when yielding filea.txt, it could look up the position of fileb.txt, fail, and produce an error. If the iterator instead was able to somehow maintain an index dir.get_file(0), then maintaining positional state would not be affected, but some files could be missed, as their indexes could be moved to an index 'behind' the iterator. This is all theoretical of course, since there appears to be no built-in (python) way of iterating over the files in a directory. There are some great answers below, however, that solve the problem by using queues and notifications. Edit: The OS of concern is Redhat. My use case is this: Process A is continuously writing files to a storage location. Process B (the one I'm writing), will be iterating over these files, doing some processing based on the filename, and moving the files to another location. Edit: Definition of valid: Adjective 1. Well grounded or justifiable, pertinent. (Sorry S.Lott, I couldn't resist). I've edited the paragraph in question above.

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• Stopwatch vs. using System.DateTime.Now for timing events

  - by Randy Minder

  I wanted to track the performance of a piece of my application so I initially stored the start time using System.DateTime.Now and the end time also using System.DateTime.Now. The difference between the two was how long my code took to execute. I noticed though that the difference didn't appear to be accurate. So I tried using a Stopwatch object. This turned out to be much, much more accurate. Can anyone tell me why Stopwatch would be more accurate than calculating the difference between a start and end time using System.DateTime.Now? Thanks.

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• factory class, wrong number of arguments being passed to subclass constructor

  - by Hugh Bothwell

  I was looking at Python: Exception in the separated module works wrong which uses a multi-purpose GnuLibError class to 'stand in' for a variety of different errors. Each sub-error has its own ID number and error format string. I figured it would be better written as a hierarchy of Exception classes, and set out to do so: class GNULibError(Exception): sub_exceptions = 0 # patched with dict of subclasses once subclasses are created err_num = 0 err_format = None def __new__(cls, *args): print("new {}".format(cls)) # DEBUG if len(args) and args[0] in GNULibError.sub_exceptions: print(" factory -> {} {}".format(GNULibError.sub_exceptions[args[0]], args[1:])) # DEBUG return super(GNULibError, cls).__new__(GNULibError.sub_exceptions[args[0]], *(args[1:])) else: print(" plain {} {}".format(cls, args)) # DEBUG return super(GNULibError, cls).__new__(cls, *args) def __init__(self, *args): cls = type(self) print("init {} {}".format(cls, args)) # DEBUG self.args = args if cls.err_format is None: self.message = str(args) else: self.message = "[GNU Error {}] ".format(cls.err_num) + cls.err_format.format(*args) def __str__(self): return self.message def __repr__(self): return '{}{}'.format(type(self).__name__, self.args) class GNULibError_Directory(GNULibError): err_num = 1 err_format = "destination directory does not exist: {}" class GNULibError_Config(GNULibError): err_num = 2 err_format = "configure file does not exist: {}" class GNULibError_Module(GNULibError): err_num = 3 err_format = "selected module does not exist: {}" class GNULibError_Cache(GNULibError): err_num = 4 err_format = "{} is expected to contain gl_M4_BASE({})" class GNULibError_Sourcebase(GNULibError): err_num = 5 err_format = "missing sourcebase argument: {}" class GNULibError_Docbase(GNULibError): err_num = 6 err_format = "missing docbase argument: {}" class GNULibError_Testbase(GNULibError): err_num = 7 err_format = "missing testsbase argument: {}" class GNULibError_Libname(GNULibError): err_num = 8 err_format = "missing libname argument: {}" # patch master class with subclass reference # (TO DO: auto-detect all available subclasses instead of hardcoding them) GNULibError.sub_exceptions = { 1: GNULibError_Directory, 2: GNULibError_Config, 3: GNULibError_Module, 4: GNULibError_Cache, 5: GNULibError_Sourcebase, 6: GNULibError_Docbase, 7: GNULibError_Testbase, 8: GNULibError_Libname } This starts out with GNULibError as a factory class - if you call it with an error number belonging to a recognized subclass, it returns an object belonging to that subclass, otherwise it returns itself as a default error type. Based on this code, the following should be exactly equivalent (but aren't): e = GNULibError(3, 'missing.lib') f = GNULibError_Module('missing.lib') print e # -> '[GNU Error 3] selected module does not exist: 3' print f # -> '[GNU Error 3] selected module does not exist: missing.lib' I added some strategic print statements, and the error seems to be in GNULibError.__new__: >>> e = GNULibError(3, 'missing.lib') new <class '__main__.GNULibError'> factory -> <class '__main__.GNULibError_Module'> ('missing.lib',) # good... init <class '__main__.GNULibError_Module'> (3, 'missing.lib') # NO! ^ why? I call the subclass constructor as subclass.__new__(*args[1:]) - this should drop the 3, the subclass type ID - and yet its __init__ is still getting the 3 anyway! How can I trim the argument list that gets passed to subclass.__init__?

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