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• Scan-Line Z-Buffering Dilemma

  - by Belgin

  I have a set of vertices in 3D space, and for each I retain the following information: Its 3D coordinates (x, y, z). A list of pointers to some of the other vertices with which it's connected by edges. Right now, I'm doing perspective projection with the projecting plane being XY and the eye placed somewhere at (0, 0, d), with d < 0. By doing Z-Buffering, I need to find the depth of the point of a polygon (they're all planar) which corresponds to a certain pixel on the screen so I can hide the surfaces that are not visible. My questions are the following: How do I determine to which polygon does a pixel belong to so I could use the formula of the plane which contains the polygon to find the Z-coordinate? Are my data structures correct? Do I need to store something else entirely in order for this to work? I'm just projecting the vertices onto the projection plane and joining them with lines based on the pointer lists.

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• Detect Open Space in Farseer

  - by Tom G

  I'm working on a 2D platformer using XNA and Farseer. I would like the player's character to be able to grab and climb up ledges. Detecting a collision between the player and the side of a wall is simple enough with the OnCollision delegate, but I have to admit I'm a bit stumped on how to detect that there's enough clearance for the PC to mount the ledge. Essentially, I want to ensure there's an appropriately sized rectangle above and to the left or right of the PC (depending on their direction) and I'm not sure how I would check for such a space. Any suggestions on how to determine there is nothing in the simulated world within some bounding rectangle?

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• Using normals in DirectX 10

  - by Dave

  I've got a working OBJ loader that loads vertices, indices, texture coordinates, and normals. As of right now it doesn't process texture coordinates or normals but it stores them in arrays and creates a valid mesh with the vertices and indices. Now I am trying to figure out how can I make the shader use the correct normal in the array for the current vertex if I can't setnormals() to my mesh. If I were to just use an index in my array of normals corresponding to the index in the vertices, how would I retrieve the current index the shader is processing? BTW: I am trying to write a blinn-phong shader technique. Also when I create the input layout and I've added the semantic NORMAL to it, how would I list the multiple semantics in that single parameter? Would I just separate it with a space? PS: If you need to see any code, just let me know.

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• InputLayout handling

  - by Kikaimaru

  Where are you supposed to store InputLayout? Suppose i have some basic structure like. class Mesh { List<MeshPart> MeshParts } class MeshPart { Effect Effect; VertexBufferBinding VertexBuffer; ... } Where should I store input layout? It's a connection between vertex buffer and specific pass, i can live with just 1 pass but I still have diffferent techniques so i need at least an array with some connection to effecttechniques, but I would appriciate something not crazy like dictionary. I could also create wrapper for Effect and EffectTechnique, but there must be some normal solution.

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• OpenGL Lighting

  - by gopgop

  I have a simple day and night cycle by at day disabling OpenGL lighting and at night enabling openGL Lighting. When I enable everything appears darker. My question is How would I make it that at a specific spot there would be a light that will only light up its surrounding area for example: http://media.giantbomb.com/uploads/0/276/1414275-light_large.png Where the light is is where I want to position my light. My application is in 2D.

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• Low CPU/Memory/Memory-bandwith Pathfinding (maybe like in Warcraft 1)

  - by Valmond

  Dijkstra and A* are all nice and popular but what kind of algorithm was used in Warcraft 1 for pathfinding? I remember that the enemy could get trapped in bowl-like caverns which means there were (most probably) no full-path calculations from "start to end". If I recall correctly, the algorithm could be something like this: A) Move towards enemy until success or hitting a wall B) If blocked by a wall, follow the wall until you can move towards the enemy without being blocked and then do A) But I'd like to know, if someone knows :-) [edit] As explained to Byte56, I'm searching for a low cpu/mem/mem-bandwidth algo and wanted to know if Warcraft had some special secrets to deliver (never seen that kind of pathfinding elsewhere), I hope that that is more concordant with the stackexchange rules.

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• Creating a DrawableGameComponent

  - by Christian Frantz

  If I'm going to draw cubes effectively, I need to get rid of the numerous amounts of draw calls I have and what has been suggested is that I create a "mesh" of my cubes. I already have them being stored in a single vertex buffer, but the issue lies in my draw method where I am still looping through every cube in order to draw them. I thought this was necessary as each cube will have a set position, but it lowers the frame rate incredibly. What's the easiest way to go about this? I have a class CubeChunk that inherits Microsoft.Stuff.DrawableGameComponent, but I don't know what comes next. I suppose I could just use the chunk of cubes created in my cube class, but that would just keep me going in circles and drawing each cube individually. The goal here is to create a draw method that draws my chunk as a whole, and to not draw individual cubes as I've been doing.

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• NPOT texture and video memory usage

  - by Eonil

  I read in this QA that NPOT will take memory as much as next POT sized texture. It means it doesn't give any benefit than POT texture with proper management. (maybe even worse because NPOT should be slower!) Is this true? Does NPOT texture take and waste same memory like POT texture? I am considering NPOT texture for post-processing, so if it doesn't give memory space benefit, using of NPOT texture is meaningless to me. Maybe answer can be different for each platforms. I am targeting mobile devices. Such as iPhone or Androids. Does NPOT texture takes same amount of memory on mobile GPUs?

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• Coordinate spaces and transformation matrices

  - by Belgin

  I'm trying to get an object from object space, into projected space using these intermediate matrices: The first matrix (I) is the one that transforms from object space into inertial space, but since my object is not rotated or translated in any way inside the object space, this matrix is the 4x4 identity matrix. The second matrix (W) is the one that transforms from inertial space into world space, which is just a scale transform matrix of factor a = 14.1 on all coordinates, since the inertial space origin coincides with the world space origin. /a 0 0 0\ W = |0 a 0 0| |0 0 a 0| \0 0 0 1/ The third matrix (C) is the one that transforms from world space, into camera space. This matrix is a translation matrix with a translation of (0, 0, 10), because I want the camera to be located behind the object, so the object must be positioned 10 units into the z axis. /1 0 0 0\ C = |0 1 0 0| |0 0 1 10| \0 0 0 1/ And finally, the fourth matrix is the projection matrix (P). Bearing in mind that the eye is at the origin of the world space and the projection plane is defined by z = 1, the projection matrix is: /1 0 0 0\ P = |0 1 0 0| |0 0 1 0| \0 0 1/d 0/ where d is the distance from the eye to the projection plane, so d = 1. I'm multiplying them like this: (((P x C) x W) x I) x V, where V is the vertex' coordinates in column vector form: /x\ V = |y| |z| \1/ After I get the result, I divide x and y coordinates by w to get the actual screen coordinates. Apparenly, I'm doing something wrong or missing something completely here, because it's not rendering properly. Here's a picture of what is supposed to be the bottom side of the Stanford Dragon: Also, I should add that this is a software renderer so no DirectX or OpenGL stuff here.

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• Ad Service That Lets You Choose Your Ad, and Then Some [on hold]

  - by user3634450

  I'm trying to build an app for both Android and/or iOS where part of the gameplay actually involves ads as a texture. I need to be able to choose which ads I would like to use. I need to be able to be able to identify the ads (which if I can choose which ads show up in the app shouldn't be that hard). I need to be able to swap in and out new ads on what could possibly be a daily basis (and don't want to have to update the app to do it). And as if that wasn't too needy a list, I need to be able to load 50 ads from the pool of ads I deem fit, all to each and every user of the app at least every couple of days. I don't care if the ads pay, I'm not looking for clicks, but I don't want to have to make 50 fake ads every couple of days, from an "artistic" level I don't want the content to feel phony or fake, and I don't really have a way to load content to each user via some internet source (if anyone could name one that would be great). I'm not sure what kind of ad provider would like or even approve of this, in fact just what I've described might be against Google Play's or iTunes' content developer policies, but if anyone could give me any advice to steer me in the right direction it would be greatly appreciated, thank you.

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• Drawing flaming letters in 3d on OpenGL ES 2.0

  - by Chiquis

  I am a bit confused about how to achieve this. What i want is to "draw with flames". I have achieved this with textures successfully, but now my concern is about doing this with particles to achieve the flaming effect. Am I supposed to have a Path in where i should add many particle emitters along the path that will "be emitting flames"? I understand the concept for 2d, but for 3d are the particles (that are quads) always supposed to be facing the user? Edit: Something else im worried about is the performance hit that will occur by having that many particle emitters, because there can be many letters and drawings at the same time. And each of these elements will have many particle emitters.

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• How to obtain window handle in SDL 2.0.3

  - by Diorthotis

  I need to obtain the handle of the window for SDL 2.0.3. I got the suggestion to use info.window after initializing SDL and filling the info variable with data by calling SDL_GetWindowWMInfo(); included in the header file SDL_syswm.h. My compiler (visual studio 2008 professional edition) gives the following error: 226) : error C2039: 'window' : is not a member of 'SDL_SysWMinfo' 1 include\sdl_syswm.h(173) : see declaration of 'SDL_SysWMinfo' Any help appreciated. Thanks. Nevermind, I needed to use "info.info.win.window". That seems a bit redundant, but whateves.

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• Smooth drag scrolling of an Isometric map - Html5

  - by user881920

  I have implemented a basic Isometric tile engine that can be explored by dragging the map with the mouse. Please see the fiddle below and drag away: http://jsfiddle.net/kHydg/14/ The code broken down is (CoffeeScript): The draw function draw = -> requestAnimFrame draw canvas.width = canvas.width for row in [0..width] for col in [0..height] xpos = (row - col) * tileHeight + width xpos += (canvas.width / 2) - (tileWidth / 2) + scrollPosition.x ypos = (row + col) * (tileHeight / 2) + height + scrollPosition.y context.drawImage(defaultTile, Math.round(xpos), Math.round(ypos), tileWidth, tileHeight) Mouse drag-scrolling control scrollPosition = x: 0 y: 0 dragHelper = active: false x: 0 y: 0 window.addEventListener 'mousedown', (e) => handleMouseDown(e) , false window.addEventListener 'mousemove', (e) => handleDrag(e) , false window.addEventListener 'mouseup', (e) => handleMouseUp(e) , false handleDrag = (e) => e.preventDefault() if dragHelper.active x = e.clientX y = e.clientY scrollPosition.x -= Math.round((dragHelper.x - x) / 28) scrollPosition.y -= Math.round((dragHelper.y - y) / 28) handleMouseUp = (e) => e.preventDefault() dragHelper.active = false handleMouseDown = (e) => e.preventDefault() x = e.clientX y = e.clientY dragHelper.active = true dragHelper.x = x dragHelper.y = y The Problem As you can see from the fiddle the dragging action is ok but not perfect. How would I change the code to make the dragging action more smooth? What I would like is the point of the map you click on to stay under the mouse point whilst you drag; the same as they have done here: http://craftyjs.com/demos/isometric/

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• DirectX 11 Constant Buffers vs Effect Framework

  - by Alex

  I'm having some trouble understanding the differences between using constant buffers or using the effect framework of DirectX11 for updating shader constants. From what I understand they both do exactly the same thing, although from reading the documentation it appears as if using effects is meant to be 'easier'. However they seem the same to me, one uses VSSetConstantBuffers and the other GetConstantBufferByName. Is there something I'm missing here?

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• How can I read a portion of one Minecraft world file and write it into another?

  - by RapierMother

  I'm looking to read block data from one Minecraft world and write the data into certain places in another. I have a Minecraft world, let's say "TemplateWorld", and a 2D list of Point objects. I'm developing an application that should use the x and y values of these Points as x and z reference coordinates from which to read constant-sized areas of blocks from the TemplateWorld. It should then write these blocks into another Minecraft world at constant y coordinates, with x & z coordinates determined based on each Point's index in the 2D list. The issue is that, while I've found a decent amount of information online regarding Minecraft world formats, I haven't found what I really need: more of a breakdown by hex address of where/what everything is. For example, I could have the TemplateWorld actually be a .schematic file rather than a world; I just need to be able to read the bytes of the file, know that the actual block data starts always at a certain address (or after a certain instance of FF, etc.), and how it's stored. Once I know that, it's easy as pie to just read the bytes and store them.

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• Texture not drawing on cubes

  - by Christian Frantz

  I can draw the cubes fine but they are just solid black besides the occasional lighting that goes on. The basic effect is being set for each cube also. public void Draw(BasicEffect effect) { foreach (EffectPass pass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); device.SetVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer); device.Indices = indexBuffer; device.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, 8, 0, 12); } } The cubes draw method. TextureEnabled is set to true in my main draw method. My texture is also loading fine. public Cube(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, Vector3 Position, Texture2D Texture) { device = graphicsDevice; texture = Texture; cubePosition = Position; effect = new BasicEffect(device); } The constructor seems fine too. Could this be caused by the Vector2's of my VertexPositionNormalTexture? Even if they were out of order something should still be drawn other than a black cube

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• Why my collision detection is not accurate?

  - by optimisez

  After trying and trying, I still cannot understand why the leg of character exceeds the wall but no clipping issue when I hit the wall from below. How should I fix it to make him standstill on the wall? void initPlayer() { // Create texture. hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, "player.png", 169, 44, D3DX_DEFAULT, NULL, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), NULL, NULL, &player); playerRect.left = playerRect.top = 0; playerRect.right = 29; playerRect.bottom = 36; playerDest.X = 0; playerDest.Y = 564; playerDest.length = playerRect.right - playerRect.left; playerDest.height = playerRect.bottom - playerRect.top; } void initBox() { hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, "brock.png", 330, 132, D3DX_DEFAULT, NULL, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), NULL, NULL, &box); boxRect.left = 33; boxRect.top = 0; boxRect.right = 63; boxRect.bottom = 30; boxDest.X = boxDest.Y = 300; boxDest.length = boxRect.right - boxRect.left; boxDest.height = boxRect.bottom - boxRect.top; } bool spriteCollide(Entity player, Entity target) { float left1, left2; float right1, right2; float top1, top2; float bottom1, bottom2; left1 = player.X; left2 = target.X; right1 = player.X + player.length; right2 = target.X + target.length; top1 = player.Y; top2 = target.Y; bottom1 = player.Y + player.height; bottom2 = target.Y + target.height; if (bottom1 < top2) return false; if (top1 > bottom2) return false; if (right1 < left2) return false; if (left1 > right2) return false; return true; } void collideWithBox() { if ( spriteCollide(playerDest, boxDest) && keyArr[VK_UP]) //playerDest.Y += 50; playerDest.Y = boxDest.Y + boxDest.height; else if ( spriteCollide(playerDest, boxDest) && !keyArr[VK_UP]) playerDest.Y = boxDest.Y - boxDest.height; }

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• Dynamic content realoding

  - by Kikaimaru

  Is there a relatively simple way to dynamicaly reload content files? (ie: effect files) I know i can do following: Detect change of file Run content pipeline to rebuild that specific file Unload ALL content that was loaded Load All content And use double references to reference content files. Problem is with step 3 (and step 2 isn't that nice too). But i need to unload everything because if i have model Hero.x which references Model.fx effect, and i change Model.fx file, i need to reload Hero.x file which will then call LoadExternalReference on Model.fx. So I guess question is, did someone mange to make this work without rewriting whole ContentManager (and every ContentReader) and tracking calls to LoadExternalReference?

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• Javascript - Canvas image never appears on first function run

  - by Matt

  I'm getting a bit of a weird issue, the image never shows the first time you run the game in your browser, after that you see it every time. If you close your browser and re open it and run the game again, the same issue occurs - you don't see the image the first time you run it. Here's the issue in action, just hit a wall and there's no image the first time on the end game screen. Any help would be appreciated. Regards, Matt function showGameOver() { ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height); ctx.fillStyle = "black"; ctx.font = "16px sans-serif"; ctx.fillText("Game Over!", ((canvas.width / 2) - (ctx.measureText("Game Over!").width / 2)), 50); ctx.font = "12px sans-serif"; ctx.fillText("Your Score Was: " + score, ((canvas.width / 2) - (ctx.measureText("Your Score Was: " + score).width / 2)), 70); myimage = new Image(); myimage.src = "xcLDp.gif"; var size = [119, 26], //set up size coord = [443, 200]; ctx.font = "12px sans-serif"; ctx.fillText("Restart", ((canvas.width / 2) - (ctx.measureText("Restart").width / 2)), 197); ctx.drawImage( //draw it on canvas myimage, coord[0], coord[1], size[0], size[1] ); $("canvas").click(function(e) { //when click.. if ( testIfOver(this, e, size, coord) ) { startGame(); //reload } }); $("canvas").mousemove(function(e) { //when mouse moving if ( testIfOver(this, e, size, coord) ) { $(this).css("cursor", "pointer"); //change the cursor } else { $(this).css("cursor", "default"); //change it back } }); function testIfOver(ele,ev,size,coord){ if ( ev.pageX > coord[0] + ele.offsetLeft && ev.pageX < coord[0] + size[0] + ele.offsetLeft && ev.pageY > coord[1] + ele.offsetTop && ev.pageY < coord[1] + size[1] + ele.offsetTop ) { return true; } return false; } }

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• LWJGL GL_QUADS texture artifact

  - by Dajgoro Labinac

  I managed to get working lwjgl in Java, and i loaded a test image(tv test card), but i keep getting weird artifacts outside the image. Image link: http://tinypic.com/r/vhv9g/6 Code: glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex2i(10, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex2i(500, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex2i(500, 500); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex2i(10, 500); glEnd(); What could be the cause?

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• Line Intersection from parametric equation

  - by Sidar

  I'm sure this question has been asked before. However, I'm trying to connect the dots by translating an equation on paper into an actual function. I thought It would be interesting to ask here instead on the Math sites (since it's going to be used for games anyway ). Let's say we have our vector equation : x = s + Lr; where x is the resulting vector, s our starting point/vector. L our parameter and r our direction vector. The ( not sure it's called like this, please correct me ) normal equation is : x.n = c; If we substitute our vector equation we get: (s+Lr).n = c. We now need to isolate L which results in L = (c - s.n) / (r.n); L needs to be 0 < L < 1. Meaning it needs to be between 0 and 1. My question: I want to know what L is so if I were to substitute L for both vector equation (or two lines) they should give me the same intersection coordinates. That is if they intersect. But I can't wrap my head around on how to use this for two lines and find the parameter that fits the intersection point. Could someone with a simple example show how I could translate this to a function/method?

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• Lerping to a center point while in motion

  - by Fibericon

  I have an enemy that initially flies in a circular motion, while facing away from the center point. This is how I achieve that: position.Y = (float)(Math.Cos(timeAlive * MathHelper.PiOver4) * radius + origin.Y); position.X = (float)(Math.Sin(timeAlive * MathHelper.PiOver4) * radius + origin.X); if (timeAlive < 5) { angle = (float)Math.Atan((0 - position.X) / (0 - position.Y)); if (0 < position.Y) RotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(MathHelper.PiOver2) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(-1 * angle); else RotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(MathHelper.PiOver2) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(MathHelper.Pi - angle); } That part works just fine. After five seconds of this, I want the enemy to turn inward, facing the center point. However, I've been trying to lerp to that point, since I don't want it to simply jump to the new rotation. Here's my code for trying to do that: else { float newAngle = -1 * (float)Math.Atan((0 - position.X) / (0 - position.Y)); angle = MathHelper.Lerp(angle, newAngle, (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds / 1000); if (0 < position.Y) RotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(MathHelper.PiOver2) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(MathHelper.Pi - angle); else RotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(MathHelper.PiOver2) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(-1 * angle); } That doesn't work so fine. It seems like it's going to at first, but then it just sort of skips around. How can I achieve what I want here?

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• HTML5 Canvas A* Star Path finding

  - by Veyha

  I am trying to learn A* Star Path finding. Library I am using this - https://github.com/qiao/PathFinding.js But I am don't understand one thing how to do. I am need find path from player.x/player.y (player.x and player.y is both 0) to 10/10 This code return array of where I am need to move - var path = finder.findPath(player.x, player.y, 10, 10, grid); I am get array where I am need to move, but how to apply this array to my player.x and player.y? Array structure like - 0: 0 1: 0 length: 2, 0: 1 1: 0 length: 2, ... I am very sorry for my bad English language. Thanks.

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• Depth is disabled - How to turn on?

  - by marc wellman

  In XNA 3.1 is there any other way to disable depth in 3D Worlds using DirectX models other than GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferEnable = false; ? The reason for my question is I have quite a huge program which offers a 3D World with a couple of 3D DirectX models inside. Depth was never an issue since it ever worked fine but since a few days after doing some modifications my models are all depth-translucent i.e. depth-buffering and/or culling seems to be disabled. But in my whole source code I never touch any of the options related to Depth or Culling which means I never turn these settings on explicitly nor turn it off somewhere. So I am searching for some other statement maybe related to the GraphicsDevice that implicitly turns depth off - but I can't find it. (Sorry that I don't post any source code but I have too much source code and I simply don't know where to search) UPDATE: These are a couple of simple objects seen with correct depth. These are the same objects in their current state.

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• Normalizing the direction to check if able to move

  - by spartan2417

  i have a a room with 4 walls along the x and z axis respectively. My player who is in first person (therefore the camera) should have collision detection with these walls. I'm relatively new to this so please bare with me. I believe the way to do this is to calculate the direction and distance to the wall from the camera and then normalize the directions. However i can only get this far before i dont know what to do. I think you should work out the angle and direction your facing? where _dx and _dz is the small buffer in front of the camera. float CalcDirection(float Cam_x, float Cam_z, float Wall_x, float Wall_z) { //Calculate direction and distance to obstacle. float ob_dirx = Cam_x + _dx - Wall_x; float ob_dirz = Cam_z + _dz - Wall_z; float ob_dist = sqrt(ob_dirx*ob_dirx + ob_dirz*ob_dirz); //Normalise directions float ob_norm = sqrt(ob_dirx*ob_dirx + ob_dirz*ob_dirz); ob_dirx = (ob_dirx)/ob_norm; ob_dirz = (ob_dirz)/ob_norm; can anyone explain in laymen's terms how i work out the angle?

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