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• chomsky hierarchy and programming languages

  - by dader51

  Hi, I'm trying to learn some aspects of the CH ( chomsky hierarchy ) which are related to PL ( programming languages ), and i still have to read the Dragon Book. I've read that most of the PL can be parsed as CFG ( context free grammar ). In term of computational power, it equals the one of a pushdown non deterministic automaton. Am I right ? If it's true, then how could a CFG holds a UG ( unrestricted grammar, which is turing complete ) ? I'm asking because, even if PL are CFG they are actually used to describe TM (turing machines ) and through UG. I think that's because of at least two different levels of computing, the first, which is the parsing of a CFG focuses on the syntax related to the structure ( representation ? ) of the language, while the other focuses on the semantic ( sense, interpretation of the data itself ? ) related to the capabilities of the pl which is turing complete. Again, are these assumptions rights ? thanx a lot.

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• Most mind-blowing C++ hack you've ever seen?

  - by sblom

  In the same spirit as the "Hidden features of X?" series, what are the most mind-blowingly well-executed "I didn't even think the language could do that!" hacks that you've ever seen in C++. For example, my recent favorite is an implementation of the "operator" --> for pre-C++0x lambdas. Another fantastic example is Multi-dimensional analog literals. (Note: this is a community wiki question to avoid the appearance of reputation-whoring.)

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• Visual Studio does not flag unterminated string constant in VB.Net

  - by JoelFan

  I noticed that if I leave off the terminating double quote for a string constant in Visual Studio 2010, there is no error or even a warning, i.e. Dim foo as String = "hi However, the continuous integration tool we are using flags an error: error BC30648: String constants must end with a double quote. What's going on here? Is there some language rule in VB.NET that makes a terminating double quote optional "sometimes"? Is there some setting in Visual Studio that will make it flag this as an error?

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• Questions every good PHP Developer should be able to answer

  - by Rachel

  I was going through Questions every good .Net developer should be able to answer and was highly impressed with the content and approach of this question and so in the same spirit, I am asking this question for PHP Developer. What questions do you think should a good PHP programmer be able to respond to? EDIT : I am marking this question as community wiki as it is not user specific and it aims to serve programming community at large. Looking forward for some amazing responses. NOTE : Please answer questions too as suggested in the comments so that people could learn something new too regarding the language.

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• Sanitizing incoming XML via WCF

  - by Clark

  I am consuming a Java webservice from .net using WCF. I am getting an error on deserialization of a response from the Java service The byte 0x00 is not valid at this location. Line 1, position 725. I know from some research that this is an incorrectly encoded null, but I am unlikely to get the provider to change it, so I would like to sanitize the null out before WCF deserializes the return message. Any Ideas? I am using c#, but answers in any CLR language will do.

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• LLVM: bitcode with llvm-gcc (mingw) for windows

  - by TheShow

  Hi, i'm currently building a small JIT compiler. For the language I need a runtime library for some special math functions. I think the best would be to compile the lib to bitcode and link it. The compiler should be integrated in a product and as of this, it must work under windows (VC10, 64bit). So is it possible to build the math lib with the mingw llvm-gcc build an link it later with the JITed Code? Or are there any problems regarding the portability of the bitcode build with llvm-gcc under mingw? If there are problems, what solution would you suggest?

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• How do functional programming languages work?

  - by eSKay

  I was just reading this excellent post, and got some better understanding of what exactly object oriented programming is, how Java implements it in one extreme manner, and how functional programming languages are a contrast. What I was thinking is this: if functional programming languages cannot save any state, how do they do some simple stuff like reading input from a user (I mean how do they "store" it), or storing any data for that matter? For example - how would this simple C thing translate to any functional programming language, for example haskell? #include<stdio.h> int main() { int no; scanf("%d",&no); return 0; }

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• Algorithm for digit summing?

  - by Joe

  I'm searching for an algorithm for Digit summing. Let me outline the basic principle: Say you have a number: 18268. 1 + 8 + 2 + 6 + 8 = 25 2 + 5 = 7 And 7 is our final number. It's basically adding each number of the whole number until we get down to a single (also known as a 'core') digit. It's often used by numerologists. I'm searching for an algorithm (doesn't have to be language in-specific) for this. I have searched Google for the last hour with terms such as digit sum algorithm and whatnot but got no suitable results. Any help would be great, thanks.

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• Android Emulator - Cannot get keyboard to display

  - by Ash

  Basically I cannot get the onscreen keyboard to display at all. I've tried every solution I've read to make it appear within my application, and now I've come to the conclusion that it must be the emulator as it isn't appearing when using Messages, writing e-mails etc. I've looked in Language & input within settings and checked Sample Soft Keyboard, rebooted the emulator with no change. Using Android SKD 2.3.3 3.7in WVGA (Nexus One) I'm hoping someone can maybe guess what's going on. Many thanks

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• Using Kate with Simple Build Tool (SBT)

  - by Stefan

  Hello I am working with the Kate editor based on the lack of other good tools for Scala development, I am also using IntelliJ however it still has some bugs, and are slow enough to make me impatient. I have just startet using both Kate and SBT, and in that regard I have a little challenge I hope there is an answer for out there on "The Internet". I am using the standard "Build plugin" in Kate and has changed the commands from make to sbt. This works fine, and I am also getting a error report when the sbt fails during compile time. However I really wish to know if it is possible to integrate the compile errors into Kate such that it would be shown under "Errors and Warnings" instead of just in the output tab, where I have to do a manual search for the compile errors. Im guessing that it has something to do with the format of the output, if that is the case maybe it is "just" a smaller adjustment I need to make to the parsing language.

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• Why is thread local storage so slow?

  - by dsimcha

  I'm working on a custom mark-release style memory allocator for the D programming language that works by allocating from thread-local regions. It seems that the thread local storage bottleneck is causing a huge (~50%) slowdown in allocating memory from these regions compared to an otherwise identical single threaded version of the code, even after designing my code to have only one TLS lookup per allocation/deallocation. This is based on allocating/freeing memory a large number of times in a loop, and I'm trying to figure out if it's an artifact of my benchmarking method. My understanding is that thread local storage should basically just involve accessing something through an extra layer of indirection, similar to accessing a variable via a pointer. Is this incorrect? How much overhead does thread-local storage typically have? Note: Although I mention D, I'm also interested in general answers that aren't specific to D, since D's implementation of thread-local storage will likely improve if it is slower than the best implementations.

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• How and where do we write try catch block to handle Exception

  - by Arpita

  We are using C# language to develope a Windows application. Our windows application consists of three layers (UI,Business and DataAccess layer). In Business Layer there are some public (business) methods through which UI communicates wilh Business layer classes. These public methods also have some private methods to implement the required functionality. There are some methods in DataAcess layer which are called from Business layer class. In this situatuion where should i wrte try-catch? a) In Business Layer Public methods b) In Busyness Layer Private methods c) In DataAccess Layer methods d) In UI methods from where Business methods are called.

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• Many ascx-to-one ascx.cs bug in VS2008

  - by pukipuki

  I'm developing second language support for the site. So I made duplicate .ascx and .aspx files for existing ascx.cs and aspx.cs Most of the time everything works fine.. but suddenly I'm getting: Type 'ctrl_car' exists both in 'c:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\rzhdengine\d072cc72\b9d5698b\App_Web_xdmblegv.dll', and in 'c:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\rzhdengine\d072cc72\b9d5698b\App_Web_gkptrzo2.dll' (translated from russian) ctrl_car ctrl = (ctrl_car) LoadControl("car.ascx"); I have few such strings of code... and same error occurs with one of them. But WITHOUT any changes from me with those files. Sometimes it works on another VS... sometimes regetting project helps... but it is always waste of time (

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• Can everything be done programmatically in WCF or are configuration files for certain features?

  - by CuriousCoder

  I have a strong preference for working in code, leverage IntelliSense and opening up all of the power of the C# language to work with WCF but I want to make sure that I'm not moving in a direction that ultimately will limit the WCF feature set I can access. My experience is so limited with WCF that I don't understand the benefits of using the configuration files, especially if you can do everything in code (?). Note: I'm using .NET 3.5. Can you do 'everything' with WCF programmatically or are configuration files required for the full WCF feature set?

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• jscript "Cannot retrieve referenced URL"

  - by jb

  I have javascript inside a .wsf file and I'm getting the error: C:\bin\LDLSInfo.wsf(53, 34) Windows Script Host: Cannot retrieve referenced URL: S:\tools\JScript\lib\StandardWSH.js At line 53, it says <script language="JScript" src="S:\tools\JScript\lib\StandardWSH.js"/> I know that LDLSInfo.wsf (the main script) and StandardWSH.js (the script to load) both work fine, because I've ran them from a different machine. It works fine on one machine and not on the other, both are Windows 7 x64 computers. So I'm thinking I'm missing some .dll's. Thanks for the help, -jb

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• Setting a date format in ASP.NET web.config globalization tag?

  - by Jens Ameskamp

  In our web.config I am using the following tag to determine the interface language of an ASP.NET website. <globalization enableClientBasedCulture="true" culture="auto:en-GB" uiCulture="auto:en"/> This works as expected: Client wo request a specific localisation get it, everybody else is happily looking at the en-GB settings. Due to company policy I need to change the date format to the ISO 8601 standard format (YYYY-MM-DD) for everybody. Is this possible at a central place in the web.config or do I need to change this manually in every instance? Addition: Would it be possible to do get this date format when restricting the interface to english? Thanks! =)

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• Commands to compile programs on Windows

  - by Arjun Vasudevan

  In case I have .NET framework installed in my computer + all the necessary other language support (Perl Interpreter, etc) What are the commands I should give in the console to compile programs in the following languages: 1. C 2. C++ 3. Java 4. Python 5. VB 6. C# 7. Perl 8. Ruby Like we have for VB- *vbc program_name.vb*, what are the commands to compile programs in other languages?

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• Metaprograming - self explanatory code - tutorials, articles, books

  - by elena

  Hello everybody, I am looking into improving my programming skils (actually I try to do my best to suck less each year, as our Jeff Atwood put it), so I was thinking into reading stuff about metaprogramming and self explanatory code. I am looking for something like an idiot's guide to this (free books for download, online resources). Also I want more than your average wiki page and also something language agnostic or preferably with Java examples. Do you know of such resources that will allow to efficiently put all of it into prectice (I know experience has a lot to say in all of this but i kind of want to build experience avoiding the flow bad decitions - experience - good decitions)? Thank you!

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• tetris rotation

  - by Samuel

  Hey, For university we're supposed to write a game (the language is modula2 little chance you know it). Each tetromino is defined through a central piece and 3 relative pieces, Now when it comes to rotation i just rotate the relative blocks (linear algebra). What i am asking myself is how to handle the rotations a user does when the piece has already "landed" because than the user has a little time left to move his pieve quickly into the desired position but in tetris versions all over the web you can "rotate over" other pieces, but i dont seem to get it with my rotation. Over what piece do i need to rotate? are there guidelines? Thanks

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• address representation in ada

  - by maddy

  Hi all, I have pasted a code below which is in ada language.I need some clarification on some implementations. C : character; Char : character; type Myarr_Type is array (character range 'A'..'K') of character; Myarr : Myarr_Type := ('A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K'); Next_Address := Myarr'address Last_Address := Next_Address + Storage_Offset'(40); my_func(int P1,int P2) { return P2 + Storage_Offset'(4); } Last_Address := Next_Address + Storage_Offset'(4); Now my doubt is 1)what does P2 + Storage_Offset'(4) actually mean.Does that mean that its returning the address of the next element in the array which is 'B'.Storage_Offset'(4) in ada --does this mean 4 bits or 4 bytes of memory. 2) If i assume that Last_Address points to last element of the array which is 'K',how does the arithmentic Storage_Offset'(40) satisfies the actual implementation? Please get back to me if u need any more clarifications. Thanks Maddy

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• How to use Speech 2 Text in Microsoft Surface

  - by Roflcoptr

  I'd like to use some speech 2 text in my microsoft surface application. I saw that it is possible, but I don't really know where to start. Is there any framework/library available, or a code snippet, or a tutorial?? I don't even know exactly what i should google for ;) ===EDIT=== I read that it is necessary to use a grammar to recognize words. So if I want to proceed free text, is there a predefined grammar for the english language? Or is it a better choice to don't use speech2text but just audio files instead?

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• Facebook API - Get comments

  - by Simon R

  Our business has a Facebook Fan Page. The fan page doesn't seem to generate any emails to us when updates are made to the page, whether someone adds a new status or someone comments on one of the statuses etc. Currently, we are running a very crude script to grab the content of the page and then use regular expressions to get the information we require. Obviously this is not fool proof and I'm looking into alternatives to this method. I've been looking at the facebook API and wonder if the rest server might be an option. I cannot, however, seem to find out how to return information of fan page statuses and their comments. Is anyone able to direct me how to use the API to retrieve this information. I am an admin of the fan page. The programming language I'm using is PHP. Many thanks.

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• Recommendations for 'C' Project architecture guidlines?

  - by SiegeX

  Now that I got my head wrapped around the 'C' language to a point where I feel proficient enough to write clean code, I'd like to focus my attention on project architecture guidelines. I'm looking for a good resource that coves the following topics: How to create an interface that promotes code maintainability and is extensible for future upgrades. Library creation guidelines. Example, when should I consider using static vs dynamic libraries. How to properly design an ABI to cope with either one. Header files: what to partition out and when. Examples on when to use 1:1 vs 1:many .h to .c Anything you feel I missed but is important when attempting to architect a new C project. Ideally, I'd like to see some example projects ranging from small to large and see how the architecture changes depending on project size, function or customer. What resource(s) would you recommend for such topics? Thanks

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• Keyboard layout for international programmers?

  - by splattne

  I think everybody who had to program using a standard German (or any other international) keyboard layout on Windows (or Mac) will complain about the conundrum of either having all special characters ( [ ] | { } / etc. ) needed for most programming languages "at the fingertip" and "losing" the language specific characters (umlauts ä ö ü etc.) on the keyboard or viceversa: having simple access to umlauts, but not to brackets etc. If you are programming in C / C++ / C# / Java / Javascript for example, it is very exhausting if you have to press Alt-Gr + 7 for every opening curly bracket. It is an ergonomic nightmare and reduces your typing efficiency. What is the best way to cope with this problem? Is there a satisfying solution? Maybe there are special layouts or keyboards which address this issue?

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• How can I sandbox Python in pure Python?

  - by Blixt

  I'm developing a web game in pure Python, and want some simple scripting available to allow for more dynamic game content. Game content can be added live by privileged users. It would be nice if the scripting language could be Python. However, it can't run with access to the environment the game runs on since a malicious user could wreak havoc which would be bad. Is it possible to run sandboxed Python in pure Python? If not, are there any open source script interpreters written in pure Python that I could use? The requirements are support for variables, basic conditionals and function calls (not definitions).

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