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  • WordPress > microsites use main site's menu (same domain, multiple subdirectories, multiple WP insta

    - by Scott B
    I have a main site at site.com and several subdirectory "microsites" at site1.site.com, site2.site.com, etc. These are all on the same server. Each site is set up in its own folder under public_html and each with its own separate wordpress install. I'd like for each microsite to share the same top level menu (the page's menu) with the main site. I'm sure there are several approaches and I'd like to ask you for a few ideas. As an aside, I'd also like to ask if the new WordPress 3.0 beta would make this simpler to do (since it combines wordpress MU into the main wordpress core)

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  • How to query multiple tables with multiple selects MySQL

    - by brybam
    I'm trying to write a php function that gets all the basic food data(this part works fine in my code) Then grabs all the ingredients related to the ids of the selected items from the query before. Anyone have have any idea why my second array keeps coming back as false? I should be getting 1 array with the list of foods (this works) Then, the second one should be an array with all the ingredients for all the foods that were previously selected...then in my code im planning to work with the array and sort them with the proper foods based on the ids. function getFood($start, $limit) { $one = mysql_query("SELECT a.id, a.name, a.type, AVG(b.r) AS fra, COUNT(b.id) as tvotes FROM `foods` a LEFT JOIN `foods_ratings` b ON a.id = b.id GROUP BY a.id ORDER BY fra DESC, tvotes DESC LIMIT $start, $limit;"); $row = mysql_fetch_array($one); $qry = ""; foreach ($row as &$value) { $fid = $value['id']; $qry = $qry . "SELECT ing, amount FROM foods_ing WHERE fid='$fid';"; } $two = mysql_query($qry); return array ($one, $two); }

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  • Call/Return feature of classic C++(C with Classes), what modern languages have it?

    - by AraK
    Hi, On page 57 of The Design and Evolution of C++, Dr. Stroustrup talks about a feature that was initially part of C with Classes, but it isn't part of modern C++(standard C++). The feature is called call/return. This is an example: class myclass { call() { /* do something before each call to a function. */ } return() { /* do something else after each call to a function. */ } ... }; I find this feature very interesting. Does any modern language have this particular feature?

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  • Build multiple sources into multiple targets in a directory

    - by Taschetto
    folks. I'm learning about GNU-Make and I have the following project structure: ~/projects /sysCalls ex1.c ex2.c ex3.c ex4.c ex5.c ex6.c ex7.c Each .c source is very simple, has its own main function and must be built into a corresponding binary (preferably named after its source). But I want to build into a bin directory (added to my .gitignore file). My current Makefile is: CC := gcc CFLAGS := -Wall -g SRC := $(wildcard *.c) TARGET := $(SRC:.c=) all: bin $(TARGET) mv $(TARGET) bin/ bin: mkdir bin clean: rm -fr bin/ It works as expected, but always builds every source. And I don't like moving everything to bin "manually". Any tips or ideas on how this Makefile could be improved?

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  • Passing multiple POST parameters to Web API Controller Methods

    - by Rick Strahl
    ASP.NET Web API introduces a new API for creating REST APIs and making AJAX callbacks to the server. This new API provides a host of new great functionality that unifies many of the features of many of the various AJAX/REST APIs that Microsoft created before it - ASP.NET AJAX, WCF REST specifically - and combines them into a whole more consistent API. Web API addresses many of the concerns that developers had with these older APIs, namely that it was very difficult to build consistent REST style resource APIs easily. While Web API provides many new features and makes many scenarios much easier, a lot of the focus has been on making it easier to build REST compliant APIs that are focused on resource based solutions and HTTP verbs. But  RPC style calls that are common with AJAX callbacks in Web applications, have gotten a lot less focus and there are a few scenarios that are not that obvious, especially if you're expecting Web API to provide functionality similar to ASP.NET AJAX style AJAX callbacks. RPC vs. 'Proper' REST RPC style HTTP calls mimic calling a method with parameters and returning a result. Rather than mapping explicit server side resources or 'nouns' RPC calls tend simply map a server side operation, passing in parameters and receiving a typed result where parameters and result values are marshaled over HTTP. Typically RPC calls - like SOAP calls - tend to always be POST operations rather than following HTTP conventions and using the GET/POST/PUT/DELETE etc. verbs to implicitly determine what operation needs to be fired. RPC might not be considered 'cool' anymore, but for typical private AJAX backend operations of a Web site I'd wager that a large percentage of use cases of Web API will fall towards RPC style calls rather than 'proper' REST style APIs. Web applications that have needs for things like live validation against data, filling data based on user inputs, handling small UI updates often don't lend themselves very well to limited HTTP verb usage. It might not be what the cool kids do, but I don't see RPC calls getting replaced by proper REST APIs any time soon.  Proper REST has its place - for 'real' API scenarios that manage and publish/share resources, but for more transactional operations RPC seems a better choice and much easier to implement than trying to shoehorn a boatload of endpoint methods into a few HTTP verbs. In any case Web API does a good job of providing both RPC abstraction as well as the HTTP Verb/REST abstraction. RPC works well out of the box, but there are some differences especially if you're coming from ASP.NET AJAX service or WCF Rest when it comes to multiple parameters. Action Routing for RPC Style Calls If you've looked at Web API demos you've probably seen a bunch of examples of how to create HTTP Verb based routing endpoints. Verb based routing essentially maps a controller and then uses HTTP verbs to map the methods that are called in response to HTTP requests. This works great for resource APIs but doesn't work so well when you have many operational methods in a single controller. HTTP Verb routing is limited to the few HTTP verbs available (plus separate method signatures) and - worse than that - you can't easily extend the controller with custom routes or action routing beyond that. Thankfully Web API also supports Action based routing which allows you create RPC style endpoints fairly easily:RouteTable.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "AlbumRpcApiAction", routeTemplate: "albums/{action}/{title}", defaults: new { title = RouteParameter.Optional, controller = "AlbumApi", action = "GetAblums" } ); This uses traditional MVC style {action} method routing which is different from the HTTP verb based routing you might have read a bunch about in conjunction with Web API. Action based routing like above lets you specify an end point method in a Web API controller either via the {action} parameter in the route string or via a default value for custom routes. Using routing you can pass multiple parameters either on the route itself or pass parameters on the query string, via ModelBinding or content value binding. For most common scenarios this actually works very well. As long as you are passing either a single complex type via a POST operation, or multiple simple types via query string or POST buffer, there's no issue. But if you need to pass multiple parameters as was easily done with WCF REST or ASP.NET AJAX things are not so obvious. Web API has no issue allowing for single parameter like this:[HttpPost] public string PostAlbum(Album album) { return String.Format("{0} {1:d}", album.AlbumName, album.Entered); } There are actually two ways to call this endpoint: albums/PostAlbum Using the Model Binder with plain POST values In this mechanism you're sending plain urlencoded POST values to the server which the ModelBinder then maps the parameter. Each property value is matched to each matching POST value. This works similar to the way that MVC's  ModelBinder works. Here's how you can POST using the ModelBinder and jQuery:$.ajax( { url: "albums/PostAlbum", type: "POST", data: { AlbumName: "Dirty Deeds", Entered: "5/1/2012" }, success: function (result) { alert(result); }, error: function (xhr, status, p3, p4) { var err = "Error " + " " + status + " " + p3; if (xhr.responseText && xhr.responseText[0] == "{") err = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText).message; alert(err); } }); Here's what the POST data looks like for this request: The model binder and it's straight form based POST mechanism is great for posting data directly from HTML pages to model objects. It avoids having to do manual conversions for many operations and is a great boon for AJAX callback requests. Using Web API JSON Formatter The other option is to post data using a JSON string. The process for this is similar except that you create a JavaScript object and serialize it to JSON first.album = { AlbumName: "PowerAge", Entered: new Date(1977,0,1) } $.ajax( { url: "albums/PostAlbum", type: "POST", contentType: "application/json", data: JSON.stringify(album), success: function (result) { alert(result); } }); Here the data is sent using a JSON object rather than form data and the data is JSON encoded over the wire. The trace reveals that the data is sent using plain JSON (Source above), which is a little more efficient since there's no UrlEncoding that occurs. BTW, notice that WebAPI automatically deals with the date. I provided the date as a plain string, rather than a JavaScript date value and the Formatter and ModelBinder both automatically map the date propertly to the Entered DateTime property of the Album object. Passing multiple Parameters to a Web API Controller Single parameters work fine in either of these RPC scenarios and that's to be expected. ModelBinding always works against a single object because it maps a model. But what happens when you want to pass multiple parameters? Consider an API Controller method that has a signature like the following:[HttpPost] public string PostAlbum(Album album, string userToken) Here I'm asking to pass two objects to an RPC method. Is that possible? This used to be fairly straight forward either with WCF REST and ASP.NET AJAX ASMX services, but as far as I can tell this is not directly possible using a POST operation with WebAPI. There a few workarounds that you can use to make this work: Use both POST *and* QueryString Parameters in Conjunction If you have both complex and simple parameters, you can pass simple parameters on the query string. The above would actually work with: /album/PostAlbum?userToken=sekkritt but that's not always possible. In this example it might not be a good idea to pass a user token on the query string though. It also won't work if you need to pass multiple complex objects, since query string values do not support complex type mapping. They only work with simple types. Use a single Object that wraps the two Parameters If you go by service based architecture guidelines every service method should always pass and return a single value only. The input should wrap potentially multiple input parameters and the output should convey status as well as provide the result value. You typically have a xxxRequest and a xxxResponse class that wraps the inputs and outputs. Here's what this method might look like:public PostAlbumResponse PostAlbum(PostAlbumRequest request) { var album = request.Album; var userToken = request.UserToken; return new PostAlbumResponse() { IsSuccess = true, Result = String.Format("{0} {1:d} {2}", album.AlbumName, album.Entered,userToken) }; } with these support types:public class PostAlbumRequest { public Album Album { get; set; } public User User { get; set; } public string UserToken { get; set; } } public class PostAlbumResponse { public string Result { get; set; } public bool IsSuccess { get; set; } public string ErrorMessage { get; set; } }   To call this method you now have to assemble these objects on the client and send it up as JSON:var album = { AlbumName: "PowerAge", Entered: "1/1/1977" } var user = { Name: "Rick" } var userToken = "sekkritt"; $.ajax( { url: "samples/PostAlbum", type: "POST", contentType: "application/json", data: JSON.stringify({ Album: album, User: user, UserToken: userToken }), success: function (result) { alert(result.Result); } }); I assemble the individual types first and then combine them in the data: property of the $.ajax() call into the actual object passed to the server, that mimics the structure of PostAlbumRequest server class that has Album, User and UserToken properties. This works well enough but it gets tedious if you have to create Request and Response types for each method signature. If you have common parameters that are always passed (like you always pass an album or usertoken) you might be able to abstract this to use a single object that gets reused for all methods, but this gets confusing too: Overload a single 'parameter' too much and it becomes a nightmare to decipher what your method actual can use. Use JObject to parse multiple Property Values out of an Object If you recall, ASP.NET AJAX and WCF REST used a 'wrapper' object to make default AJAX calls. Rather than directly calling a service you always passed an object which contained properties for each parameter: { parm1: Value, parm2: Value2 } WCF REST/ASP.NET AJAX would then parse this top level property values and map them to the parameters of the endpoint method. This automatic type wrapping functionality is no longer available directly in Web API, but since Web API now uses JSON.NET for it's JSON serializer you can actually simulate that behavior with a little extra code. You can use the JObject class to receive a dynamic JSON result and then using the dynamic cast of JObject to walk through the child objects and even parse them into strongly typed objects. Here's how to do this on the API Controller end:[HttpPost] public string PostAlbum(JObject jsonData) { dynamic json = jsonData; JObject jalbum = json.Album; JObject juser = json.User; string token = json.UserToken; var album = jalbum.ToObject<Album>(); var user = juser.ToObject<User>(); return String.Format("{0} {1} {2}", album.AlbumName, user.Name, token); } This is clearly not as nice as having the parameters passed directly, but it works to allow you to pass multiple parameters and access them using Web API. JObject is JSON.NET's generic object container which sports a nice dynamic interface that allows you to walk through the object's properties using standard 'dot' object syntax. All you have to do is cast the object to dynamic to get access to the property interface of the JSON type. Additionally JObject also allows you to parse JObject instances into strongly typed objects, which enables us here to retrieve the two objects passed as parameters from this jquery code:var album = { AlbumName: "PowerAge", Entered: "1/1/1977" } var user = { Name: "Rick" } var userToken = "sekkritt"; $.ajax( { url: "samples/PostAlbum", type: "POST", contentType: "application/json", data: JSON.stringify({ Album: album, User: user, UserToken: userToken }), success: function (result) { alert(result); } }); Summary ASP.NET Web API brings many new features and many advantages over the older Microsoft AJAX and REST APIs, but realize that some things like passing multiple strongly typed object parameters will work a bit differently. It's not insurmountable, but just knowing what options are available to simulate this behavior is good to know. Now let me say here that it's probably not a good practice to pass a bunch of parameters to an API call. Ideally APIs should be closely factored to accept single parameters or a single content parameter at least along with some identifier parameters that can be passed on the querystring. But saying that doesn't mean that occasionally you don't run into a situation where you have the need to pass several objects to the server and all three of the options I mentioned might have merit in different situations. For now I'm sure the question of how to pass multiple parameters will come up quite a bit from people migrating WCF REST or ASP.NET AJAX code to Web API. At least there are options available to make it work.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Web Api   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Upgrading from 13.04 to 13.10 stops

    - by BuZZ-dEE
    The upgrade to 13.10 stops after a lot of error messages about texlive packages, that I could close. The upgrade goes then further, but now it is stopped. What can I do to initiate the process again? The following are the last messages from the command window.: g multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 47: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 47: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 47: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 47: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 59: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 59: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 59: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 59: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 59: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 72: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 86: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 86: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 86: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 98: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 98: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 109: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 116: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 130: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 130: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 130: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 130: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 130: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 130: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 138: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 146: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 157: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 157: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 157: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 157: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 165: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 173: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 182: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-cjk-aliases.conf", line 182: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and may not work as expected Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/99-language-selector-zh.conf", line 11: Having multiple values in <test> isn't supported and may not work as expected ERROR: error('unpack requires a bytes object of length 4',) (apport-gtk:16828): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_main_quit: assertion 'main_loops != NULL' failed

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  • Should a newcomer to Perl learn both Perl 5 and 6?

    - by M. Joanis
    Hello! I have started playing around with Perl 5 lately, and it seems very interesting. I would like to spend some time learning it more in depth when I can. My question, since Perl 6 is slowly taking place (I believe...) and is said to break backward compatibility, is this: am I better learning Perl 5 and then Perl 6, or is learning Perl 6 directly a better time investment according to you? If the changes from Perl 5 to 6 are making it hard to understand Perl 5, I should certainly start with Perl 5 to be able to read "old" scripts, then check Perl 6. There is also the "Perl 6 is not yet completely released" problem. I know there's an early adopter implementation for Perl 6, but if Perl 6 isn't officially released before some more years, I'll stick to 5 for now. I would certainly like some insight on this. Feel free to discuss related stuff. My interest in scripting languages is fairly new. Thanks!

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  • Python productivity VS Java Productivity

    - by toc777
    Over on SO I came across a question regarding which platform, Java or Python is best for developing on Google AppEngine. Many people were boasting of the increased productivity gained from using Python over Java. One thing I would say about the Python vs Java productivity argument, is Java has excellent IDE's to speed up development where as Python is really lacking in this area because of its dynamic nature. So even though I prefer to use Python as a language, I don't believe it gives quite the productivity boost compared to Java especially when using a new framework. Obviously if it were Java vs Python and the only editor you could use was VIM then Python would give you a huge productivity boost but when IDE's are brought into the equation its not as clear cut. I think Java's merits are often solely evaluated on a language level and often on out dated assumptions but Java has many benefits external to the language itself, e.g the JVM (often criticized but offers huge potential), excellent IDE's and tools, huge numbers of third party libraries, platforms etc.. Question, Does Python/related dynamic languages really give the huge productivity boosts often talked about? (with consideration given to using new frameworks and working with medium to large applications).

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  • Python productivity VS Java Productivity

    - by toc777
    Over on SO I came across a question regarding which platform, Java or Python is best for developing on Google AppEngine. Many people were boasting of the increased productivity gained from using Python over Java. One thing I would say about the Python vs Java productivity argument, is Java has excellent IDE's to speed up development where as Python is really lacking in this area because of its dynamic nature. So even though I prefer to use Python as a language, I don't believe it gives quite the productivity boost compared to Java especially when using a new framework. Obviously if it were Java vs Python and the only editor you could use was VIM then Python would give you a huge productivity boost but when IDE's are brought into the equation its not as clear cut. I think Java's merits are often solely evaluated on a language level and often on out dated assumptions but Java has many benefits external to the language itself, e.g the JVM (often criticized but offers huge potential), excellent IDE's and tools, huge numbers of third party libraries, platforms etc.. Question, Does Python/related dynamic languages really give the huge productivity boosts often talked about? (with consideration given to using new frameworks and working with medium to large applications).

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  • Declarative programming vs. Imperative programming

    - by EpsilonVector
    I feel very comfortable with Imperative programming. I never have trouble expressing algorithmically what I want the computer to do once I figured out what is it that I want it to do. But when it comes to languages like SQL or Relational Algebra I often get stuck because my head is too used to Imperative programming. For example, suppose you have the relations band(bandName, bandCountry), venue(venueName, venueCountry), plays(bandName, venueName), and I want to write a query that says: all venueNames such that for every bandCountry there's a band from that country that plays in venue of that name. In my mind I immediately go "for each venueName iterate over all the bandCountries and for each bandCountry get the list of bands that come from it. If none of them play in venueName, go to next venueName. Else, at the end of the bandCountries iteration add venueName to the set of good venueNames". ...but you can't talk like that in SQL and I actually need to think about how to formulate this, with the intuitive Imperative solution constantly nagging in the back of my head. Did anybody else had this problem? How did you overcome this? Did you figured out a paradigm shift? Made a map from Imperative concepts to SQL concepts to translate Imperative solutions into Declarative ones? Read a good book? PS I'm not looking for a solution to the above query, I did solve it.

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  • Mission critical embedded language

    - by Moe
    Maybe the question sounds a bit strange, so i'll explain a the background a little bit. Currently i'm working on a project at y university, which will be a complete on-board software for an satellite. The system is programmed in c++ on top of a real-time operating system. However, some subsystems like the attitude control system and the fault detection and a space simulation are currently only implemented in Matlab/Simulink, to prototype the algorithms efficiently. After their verification, they will be translated into c++. The complete on-board software grew very complex, and only a handful people know the whole system. Furthermore, many of the students haven't program in c++ yet and the manual memory management of c++ makes it even more difficult to write mission critical software. Of course the main system has to be implemented in c++, but i asked myself if it's maybe possible to use an embedded language to implement the subsystem which are currently written in Matlab. This embedded language should feature: static/strong typing and compiler checks to minimize runtime errors small memory usage, and relative fast runtime attitude control algorithms are mainly numerical computations, so a good numeric support would be nice maybe some sort of functional programming feature, matlab/simulink encourage you to use it too I googled a bit, but only found Lua. It looks nice, but i would not use it in mission critical software. Have you ever encountered a situation like this, or do you know any language, which could satisfies the conditions? EDIT: To clarify some things: embedded means it should be able to embed the language into the existing c++ environment. So no compiled languages like Ada or Haskell ;)

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  • Do you think that exposure to BASIC can mutilate your mind? [closed]

    - by bigown
    It is practically impossible to teach good programming to students that have had a prior exposure to BASIC: as potential programmers they are mentally mutilated beyond hope of regeneration -- Edsger W. Dijkstra I have deep respect to Dijkstra but I don't agree with everything he said/wrote. I disagree specially with this quote on linked paper wrote 35 years ago about the Dartmouth BASIC implementation. Many of my coworkers or friends programmers started with BASIC, questions below have answers that indicate many programmers had their first experience on programming at BASIC. AFAIK many good programmers started at BASIC programming. I'm not talking about Visual Basic or other "modern" dialects of BASIC running on machines full of resources. I'm talking about old times BASIC running on "toy" computer, that the programmer had to worry about saving small numbers that need not be calculated as a string to save a measly byte because the computer had only a few hundreds of them, or have to use computed goto for lack of a more powerful feature, and many other things which require the programmer to think much before doing something and forcing the programmer to be creative. If you had experience with old time BASIC on a machine with limited resources (have in mind that a simple micro-controller today has much more resources than a computer in 1975, do you think that BASIC help your mind to find better solutions, to think like an engineer or BASIC drag you to dark side of programming and mutilated you mentally? Is good to learn a programming language running on a computer full of resources where the novice programmer can do all wrong and the program runs without big problems? Or is it better to learn where the programmer can't go wrong? What can you say about the BASIC have helped you to be a better/worse programmer? Would you teach old BASIC running on a 2KB (virtual) machine to a coming programmer? Sure, only exposure to BASIC is bad. Maybe you share my opinion that modern BASIC doesn't help too much because modern BASIC, as long other programming languages, gives facilities which allow the programmer doesn't think deeper. Additional information: Why BASIC?

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  • What language should I use for making a cross platform library?

    - by Andrei
    I want to build a SyncML parsing library (no UI) which should be able to build up messages based on information provided by the host application, fed in by the library's methods. Also, the library should to be able to do callbacks to methods in the host application. I want to be able to compile this and have it available on as many platforms as possible: Windows, Windows Phone 7 OS, OSX, iOS, Linux, Android, BlackBerry. Basically as many platforms as possible. The priority is to have this available on mobile devices. Questions: What setup should I use? (programming languages, compilers, IDE etc.) How would I compile this library for these different platforms and how would I connect to it? Any other info? e.g. articles that cover the subject of cross-platform development? I haven't done this sort of a cross-platform project before, so any available information to put me in the right direction would be welcomed. Myself, I have a background in C#/.NET and Objective-C.

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  • How can I compare between web development technologies?

    - by Steve
    I would like experts to explain for me how can I compare between web development tools or technologies in order to be able to choose the right one. I'm tired from searching always in the regular way: X Technology vs Y Technology. I'm tired from peoples' biased opinions and usually I don't find a fair comparison. I have decided to put my question here about how can I compare them so you may identify to me the main standards for comparisons so I can compare them by myself and becoming able to choose the technology that is appropriate for the project I will develop. Note: in web development technologies I mean server side languages (e.g. PHP). One important requirement for me that can be defined as major one is cost efficiency and I mean that I don't care about the cost in the near future or the current cost, but what is more important for me is the cost in the future. If, for example, the site becomes one of the most 100 visited sites.   So, how can I compare the cost of different technologies for a future status of a site (such as being very famous site) so I can scale my option easily without missing a good technology like what happened with some sites when they chose not the most effective tool.

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  • Unit Tests as a learning tool - a good idea?

    - by Ekkehard.Horner
    I'm interested in ways and means for learning (a) programming language(s) efficiently. I believe that using Unit Test concepts and infrastructure early in that process is a good thing, even better than starting with "Hello world". Why: To write a decent program even for a toy/restricted problem in a new language, you'll have to master many heterogenous concepts (control flow & variables & IO ...), you are tempted to glance over details just to get your program 'to work'. Putting (your understanding of) the facts about the new language in assertions with good descriptions (=success messages) enforces thinking thru/clearness/precision. Grouping topics and adding assertions to such groups is much easier than incorporation features from the 2. chapter of your "Learning X" book to your chapter 1 program. Why not: 'Real' Unit Tests are meant to output "1234 tests ok; 1 failure: saveWorld() chokes on negative input"; 'didactic' Unit Tests should output relevant facts about the new language like perl6 10-string.t # ### p5chop ... ok 13 - p5chop( "cbä" ) returns "ä" ok 14 - after that, victim is changed to "cb" # ### (p6) chop ... ok 27 - (p6) chop( "cbä" ) returns chopped copy: "cb" ok 18 - after that, victim is unchanged: "cbä" # ### chomp ... So (mis?)using Unit Tests may be counterproductive - practicing actions while learning you wouldn't use professionally. How: Writing 'didactic' Unit Tests in languages with lightweight testing systems (Perl 5/6) is easy; (mis?)using more elaborate systems (JUnit, CppUnit) may be not worth the effort or not suitable for a person just starting with a new language. So Is using Unit Tests as a learning tool a bad idea? Can the Unit Test tool(s) of your favourite language(s) used didactically? Should implementation details (eventually) be discussed here or over at stackoverflow.com?

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  • What is the correlation between programming language and experience/skills of their users?

    - by Petr Pudlák
    I'm sure there is such a correlation, because experience and skill leads good programmers to picking languages that are better for them, in which they're more productive, and working in a language forms how programmers think and influences their methods and skills. Is there any research or some statistical data of this phenomenon? Perhaps this is not a purely academic question. For example, if someone is starting a new project, it could be worth considering a language (among other criteria of course) for which there is a higher chance of finding or attracting experienced programmers. Update: Please don't fixate on the last paragraph. It's not my intention to choose a language based on this criterion, and I know there are other far more important ones. My interested is mostly academic. It comes from the (subjective) observation and I wonder if someone has researched it a bit. Also, I'm talking about a correlation, not about a rule. Sure there are both great and terrible programmers in every language. Just that in general it seems to me there is a correlation.

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  • Why do some people hate Dart? [closed]

    - by Hassan
    First, I'd like to note that this question is not intended to compare two languages or technologies, but is only asking about criticisms aimed at a language. I've always thought it a good idea to somehow get rid of Javascript. It works, but it's just so messy. I think many will agree with me there. And that's how I interpreted Google's release of Dart. It seems to me like a very good alternative to Javascript. Now, it looks like some are not very happy that Google has released this new language. Take a look at this Wikipedia page to see what I'm talking about. If you don't feel like reading it, I'll tell you now that some seem to think that Dart is similar to Microsoft's VBScript, in that it only works on Microsoft's browsers. This goes against the web's openness. But it's my understanding that Dart can be compiled to Javascript, which will allow it to be run on any modern browser (as the Wikipedia article also states). So my question is: are these criticisms valid? Is there a real fear that Google is trying to control the web's front-end to be more compatible with its browser?

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  • Discuss: PLs are characterised by which (iso)morphisms are implemented

    - by Yttrill
    I am interested to hear discussion of the proposition summarised in the title. As we know programming language constructions admit a vast number of isomorphisms. In some languages in some places in the translation process some of these isomorphisms are implemented, whilst others require code to be written to implement them. For example, in my language Felix, the isomorphism between a type T and a tuple of one element of type T is implemented, meaning the two types are indistinguishable (identical). Similarly, a tuple of N values of the same type is not merely isomorphic to an array, it is an array: the isomorphism is implemented by the compiler. Many other isomorphisms are not implemented for example there is an isomorphism expressed by the following client code: match v with | ((?x,?y),?z = x,(y,z) // Felix match v with | (x,y), - x,(y,z) (* Ocaml *) As another example, a type constructor C of int in Felix may be used directly as a function, whilst in Ocaml you must write a wrapper: let c x = C x Another isomorphism Felix implements is the elimination of unit values, including those in tuples: Felix can do this because (most) polymorphic values are monomorphised which can be done because it is a whole program analyser, Ocaml, for example, cannot do this easily because it supports separate compilation. For the same reason Felix performs type-class dispatch at compile time whilst Haskell passes around dictionaries. There are some quite surprising issues here. For example an array is just a tuple, and tuples can be indexed at run time using a match and returning a value of a corresponding sum type. Indeed, to be correct the index used is in fact a case of unit sum with N summands, rather than an integer. Yet, in a real implementation, if the tuple is an array the index is replaced by an integer with a range check, and the result type is replaced by the common argument type of all the constructors: two isomorphisms are involved here, but they're implemented partly in the compiler translation and partly at run time.

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  • I am afraid that my University is not going to teach me enough information [closed]

    - by Muhklayne
    I attend a University and am a Computer Science major. I have barely entered into the major, as I am a sophomore. However, the coursework I am doing is extremely easy already and I feel as though this degree is going to lead me to a path of knowledge without knowing how to bring it all together. Therefore, I am coming to you to ask where I should begin learning on my own! I am willing to dedicate hours upon hours of learning to code outside of class, as it is truly my passion. I will begin by completing all work on http://www.codecademy.com, however I feel this will not be enough either. I would love to learn to integrate visual languages for video games such as NXA and C# combining it with C++ (as I understand video games can be created in this manner). I would also like to look into LUA and Python scripting. I am asking for advice as to where I should begin my personal studies of learning to program, as with my research it has become quite apparent that simply attaining a degree in Computer Science is quite frankly not enough. Thank you for your time!

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  • The most mind-bending programming language?

    - by Xepoch
    From a reasonably common programming language, which do you find to be the most mind-bending? I have been listening to a lot of programming podcasts and taking some time to learn some new languages that are being considered upcoming, and important. I'm not necessarily talking about BrainFuck, but which language would you consider to be one that challenges the common programming paradigms? For me, I did some functional and logic (ex. Prolog) programming in the 90s, so can't say that I find anything special there. I am far from being an expert in it, but even today the most mind-bending programming language for me is Perl. Not because "Hello World" is hard to implement but rather there is so much lexical flexibility that some of the hardest solutions can be decomposed so poetically that I have to walk outside away from my terminal to clear my head. I'm not saying I'd likely sell a commercial software implementation, just that there is a distinct reason Perl is so (in)famous. Just look at the basic list of books on it. So, what is your mind-bending language that promotes your better programming and practices?

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  • How often is your "Go-To" language the same as your favorite??

    - by K-RAN
    I know that there's already a question asking for your favorite programming language here. I'm curious though, what's your go-to language? The two can be very different. For example, I love Haskell. I learned it this past semester and I fell in love with it's very concise solutions and awesome syntax (I love theoretical math so something like fib = 1 : 1 : [ f | f <- zipWith (+) fibSeq (tail fibSeq)] makes my inner mathematician and computer scientist jump with joy!). However, the majority of my projects for classes and jobs have been in C/C++ & Java. As a result, most of the time when I'm testing something like an algorithm or Data Structure I go straight to C++. What about you guys? What languages do you love and why? What about your go-to language? What language do you use most often to get things done for work or personal projects and why? How often does a language fall into both categories??

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  • The most mind-bending programming language? [closed]

    - by Xepoch
    From a reasonably common programming language, which do you find to be the most mind-bending? I have been listening to a lot of programming podcasts and taking some time to learn some new languages that are being considered upcoming, and important. I'm not necessarily talking about BrainFuck, but which language would you consider to be one that challenges the common programming paradigms? For me, I did some functional and logic (ex. Prolog) programming in the 90s, so can't say that I find anything special there. I am far from being an expert in it, but even today the most mind-bending programming language for me is Perl. Not because "Hello World" is hard to implement but rather there is so much lexical flexibility that some of the hardest solutions can be decomposed so poetically that I have to walk outside away from my terminal to clear my head. I'm not saying I'd likely sell a commercial software implementation, just that there is a distinct reason Perl is so (in)famous. Just look at the basic list of books on it. So, what is your mind-bending language that promotes your better programming and practices?

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  • KISS principle applied to programming language design?

    - by Giorgio
    KISS ("keep it simple stupid", see e.g. here) is an important principle in software development, even though it apparently originated in engineering. Citing from the wikipedia article: The principle is best exemplified by the story of Johnson handing a team of design engineers a handful of tools, with the challenge that the jet aircraft they were designing must be repairable by an average mechanic in the field under combat conditions with only these tools. Hence, the 'stupid' refers to the relationship between the way things break and the sophistication available to fix them. If I wanted to apply this to the field of software development I would replace "jet aircraft" with "piece of software", "average mechanic" with "average developer" and "under combat conditions" with "under the expected software development / maintenance conditions" (deadlines, time constraints, meetings / interruptions, available tools, and so on). So it is a commonly accepted idea that one should try to keep a piece of software simple stupid so that it easy to work on it later. But can the KISS principle be applied also to programming language design? Do you know of any programming languages that have been designed specifically with this principle in mind, i.e. to "allow an average programmer under average working conditions to write and maintain as much code as possible with the least cognitive effort"? If you cite any specific language it would be great if you could add a link to some document in which this intent is clearly expressed by the language designers. In any case, I would be interested to learn about the designers' (documented) intentions rather than your personal opinion about a particular programming language.

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