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• Mounting ddrescue image after recovery (in over my head)

  - by BorgDomination

  I'm having problems mounting the recovery image. I've tried to mount the image multiple ways. quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount -t ext4 /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img /mnt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount -r -o loop /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img recover mount: you must specify the filesystem type quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img mnt mount: you must specify the filesystem type It doesn't even give me detailed information on the file I just made, nautilus says it's 160gb. quark@DS9 ~ $ file /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img: data quark@DS9 ~ $ mmls /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img Cannot determine partition type I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong or if I started this process incorrectly from the beginning. I've outlined what I've done so far below. I'm clueless, I'd appreciate if someone had some input for me. What I have done from the beginning My laptop has two hard drives. One has the dual boot Win7 / Linux Mint system files. Secondary one contained my /home folder. The laptop was jarred and the /home disk was broken. I tried a LiveCD recovery, it failed. Wouldn't even load a Live session with the disk installed. So I turned to ddrescue. quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009fc18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 112642047 56320000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 138033152 312580095 87273472 83 Linux /dev/sda3 112644094 138033151 12694529 5 Extended /dev/sda5 112644096 132173823 9764864 83 Linux /dev/sda6 132175872 138033151 2928640 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdb: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002a8ea Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 312576704 156288321 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xed6d054b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 1953520064 976760001 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT sda - 160g internal, holds all system files and all computer functions. sdb - 160g internal, BROKEN, contains about 140g of data I'd like to recover. sdc - 1T external, contains recovery image. Only place that has space to do all this. From this site, https://apps.education.ucsb.edu/wiki/Ddrescue I used this script to create an image of the broken hard drive. I changed the destination to the external USB drive. #!/bin/sh prt=sdb1 src=/dev/$prt dst=/media/jump1/1recover/$prt.img log=$dst.log sudo time ddrescue --no-split $src $dst $log sudo time ddrescue --direct --max-retries=3 $src $dst $log sudo time ddrescue --direct --retrim --max-retries=3 $src $dst $log Everything looked like it came off without a hitch: quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo bash recover1 Press Ctrl-C to interrupt Initial status (read from logfile) rescued: 0 B, errsize: 0 B, errors: 0 Current status rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 4096 B, current rate: 35588 B/s ipos: 3584 B, errors: 1, average rate: 22859 kB/s opos: 3584 B, time from last successful read: 0 s Finished 12.78user 1060.42system 1:56:41elapsed 15%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k 312580958inputs+0outputs (1major+601minor)pagefaults 0swaps Press Ctrl-C to interrupt Initial status (read from logfile) rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 4096 B, errors: 1 Current status rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 1024 B, current rate: 0 B/s ipos: 1536 B, errors: 1, average rate: 13 B/s opos: 1536 B, time from last successful read: 1.3 m Finished 0.00user 0.00system 3:43.95elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k 238inputs+0outputs (3major+374minor)pagefaults 0swaps Press Ctrl-C to interrupt Initial status (read from logfile) rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 1024 B, errors: 1 Current status rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 1024 B, current rate: 0 B/s ipos: 1536 B, errors: 1, average rate: 0 B/s opos: 1536 B, time from last successful read: 3.7 m Finished 0.00user 0.00system 3:43.56elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k 8inputs+0outputs (0major+376minor)pagefaults 0swaps It looks like, from where I'm standing it worked perfectly. Here's the log: # Rescue Logfile. Created by GNU ddrescue version 1.14 # Command line: ddrescue --direct --retrim --max-retries=3 /dev/sdb1 /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img.log # current_pos current_status 0x00000600 + # pos size status 0x00000000 0x00000400 + 0x00000400 0x00000400 - 0x00000800 0x254314FC00 + I'm not sure how to proceed. Does this mean all of my data is lost???????? Appreciate ANY input!

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• read and write permission for FAT32 partition in Ubuntu

  - by Dean

  This is a strange problem. I have the following partition table Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 5737 45978624 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 5738 10600 39062047+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 10601 19457 71143852+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 10601 11208 4883728+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 11209 15033 30720000 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 15033 19457 35537920 7 HPFS/NTFS I dual boot Win7 (sda2) and Ubuntu (sda3) and wanted to use the FAT23 partition to share files across two OS's. I followed some online tutorial and have done these: sudo mkdir /media/FAT32 sudo chmod 777 /media/FAT32 sudo mount /dev/sda6/ /media/FAT32 after I mounted the file, I can only read but not be able to write to it. I checked the file permission, it becomes: drwxr-xr-x but after I unmounted the it then becomes drwxrwxrwx and I can read and write to it. very strange. I don't know where I've down wrong. Cheers.

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• Ubuntu 10.04 preseed unattended install results in faulty partition table

  - by joschi

  I'm currently trying to set up an unattended installation of Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) through preseeding. But whenever I try to create a custom partition scheme, the Debian installer (which Ubuntu is using) produces a faulty partition table. I've taken the partition scheme described in the example preseed file: d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ boot-root :: \ 40 50 100 ext3 \ $primary{ } $bootable{ } \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ mountpoint{ /boot } \ . \ 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ mountpoint{ / } \ . \ 64 512 300% linux-swap \ method{ swap } format{ } \ . Unfortunately it also produces an incorrect partition table on the disk. The installation process itself is working and the installed system eventually boots and is working, as far as I can tell. But fdisk and cfdisk are still complaining: # fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2088 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000a1cdd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 5 37888 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 5 2089 16736257 5 Extended /dev/sda5 5 2013 16121856 83 Linux /dev/sda6 2013 2089 613376 82 Linux swap / Solaris cfdisk even refuses to start at all: # cfdisk /dev/sda FATAL ERROR: Bad primary partition 1: Partition ends in the final partial cylinder parted on the other hand does not complain about the cylinder boundary of /dev/sda1: # parted /dev/sda p Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 17.2GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 39.8MB 38.8MB primary ext4 boot 2 40.9MB 17.2GB 17.1GB extended 5 40.9MB 16.5GB 16.5GB logical ext4 6 16.6GB 17.2GB 628MB logical linux-swap(v1) Since the installed system is working, it shouldn't be a big problem but I'm afraid that this will mean trouble in the future.

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• Which linux distro for a laptop in windows environmet?

  - by Dev er dev

  I just got new laptop at work. What would you recommend as a linux distribution for it? All other developers are working under windows, and use windows tools. I'm currently using ArchLinux, but want to change it. I don't want to waste time configuring wireless, windows network shares, network pritners, projector, etc ... I want this stuff to just work, while still having sane and stable development evironment and tools. Is Ubuntu a good choice for this? I use gentoo at home, but don't think it is a good match for work environmet. EDIT: Note that we are working on cross platform apps, and deployment platform is almost always linux. There are very few windows apps that I have to use (like MS Project). It is just that everything else is windows centric. I use linux because I feel more productive with it, even if I have to dual boot to edit MS Project files.

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• Trouble serving vhosts when trying to set up wildcard subdomains with dnsmasq in local development e

  - by Jeremy Kendall

  I'm trying to get wildcard DNS enabled on my laptop using dnsmasq. I realize that this has been asked and answered more than once on this forum, but I can't get the solution to work for me. Steps taken so far: Installed dnsmasq Set address=/example.dev/127.0.0.1 in dnsmasq.conf Set listen-address=127.0.0.1 in dnsmasq.conf Ensured nameserver 127.0.0.1 is in /etc/resolv.conf Set prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1; in /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf Created a vhost for example.dev Restarted apache and dnsmasq Note: example.dev is not set in /etc/hosts My vhost for example.dev <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example.dev DocumentRoot /home/jkendall/public_html/example/public ServerAlias *.example.dev # This should be omitted in the production environment SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development <Directory /home/jkendall/public_html/example/public> DirectoryIndex index.php AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> The setup above will server example.dev locally without any problem. It will also serve test.example.dev, but test.example.dev returns the default apache "It works!" index.html from /var/www rather than my index.php in /home/jkendall/public_html/example/public. The solution in this Server Fault thread suggests that address=/.example.dev/127.0.0.1 would resolve my problem, but when I try to use that solution, restarting dnsmasq results in a failure with the error message dnsmasq: error at line 62 of /etc/dnsmasq.conf For grins, I moved my project over to /var/www/example and modified the vhost appropriately. I got the same result as described above. At this point I'm not sure what other steps I can take to resolve the issue. Thoughts?

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• How to deal with job that stop and cannot continue unless made foreground?

  - by Vi

  Recent example: mountlo (using UML): vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other& [1] 32561 vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ Checking that ptrace can change system call numbers...OK Checking syscall emulation patch for ptrace...OK Checking advanced syscall emulation patch for ptrace...OK Checking PROT_EXEC mmap in /tmp...OK Checking for the skas3 patch in the host: - /proc/mm...not found - PTRACE_FAULTINFO...not found - PTRACE_LDT...not found UML running in SKAS0 mode [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ fg mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other Linux version 2.6.15 (miko@dorka) (gcc version 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)) #1 Mon Feb 27 13:27:52 CET 2006 (normal output) ... vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ socat - exec:'mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8\,allow_other',pty,ctty fusermount: waitpid: No child processes vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ Also happens with Gimp (when it does run it's plug-ins). Parts of Gimp started by `gimp q.jpg&' freeze and cannot continue unless "killall -CONT" or made foreground. Is it a bug? How to reliably start things in a background?

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• LUKS with LVM, mount is not persistent after reboot

  - by linxsaga

  I have created a Logical vol and used luks to encrypt it. But while rebooting the server. I get a error message (below), therefore I would have to enter the root pass and disable the /etc/fstab entry. So mount of the LUKS partition is not persistent during reboot using LUKS. I have this setup on RHEL6 and wondering what i could be missing. I want to the LV to get be mount on reboot. Later I would want to replace it with UUID instead of the device name. Error message on reboot: "Give root password for maintenance (or type Control-D to continue):" Here are the steps from the beginning: [root@rhel6 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created [root@rhel6 ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb Volume group "vg01" successfully created [root@rhel6 ~]# lvcreate --size 500M -n lvol1 vg01 Logical volume "lvol1" created [root@rhel6 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/vg01/lvol1 VG Name vg01 LV UUID nX9DDe-ctqG-XCgO-2wcx-ddy4-i91Y-rZ5u91 LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 500.00 MiB Current LE 125 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 [root@rhel6 ~]# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vg01/lvol1 WARNING! ======== This will overwrite data on /dev/vg01/lvol1 irrevocably. Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES Enter LUKS passphrase: Verify passphrase: [root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir /house [root@rhel6 ~]# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/vg01/lvol1 house Enter passphrase for /dev/vg01/lvol1: [root@rhel6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/house mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 127512 inodes, 509952 blocks 25497 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152 63 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2024 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/house /house PS: HERE I have successfully mounted: [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found [root@rhel6 ~]# vim /etc/fstab -> as follow /dev/mapper/house /house ext4 defaults 1 2 [root@rhel6 ~]# vim /etc/crypttab -> entry as follows house /dev/vg01/lvol1 password [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -o remount /house [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found [root@rhel6 ~]# umount /house/ [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -a -> SUCCESSFUL AGAIN [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found Please let me know if I am missing anything here. Thanks in advance.

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• Missing over 100GB of Space on sda1 RHEL

  - by WifiGhost

  I have a server setup with a RAID 5 using (3) 500GB drives, 1 as a spare so unused in the RAID. So in my mind i start out with 990GB with the RAID 5 in place. When looking at DF or the built in disk space utility i only see a total of about 882GB, how can i find where the 100+GB went? How can i get it back? I've checked the RAID 5 BIOS and i see all the space. I've tried looking manually and through terminal commands with no luck. Filesystem - 1K-blocks - Used Available - Use% - Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_web-lv_root 838084192 48368700 747153060 7% / tmpfs 12104644 592 12104052 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 495844 121546 348698 26% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_web-lv_home 82569904 259136 78116468 1% /home Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_web-lv_root 800G 47G 713G 7% / tmpfs 12G 592K 12G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 119M 341M 26% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_web-lv_home 79G 254M 75G 1% /home

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• How can I log when reads to /dev/random block?

  - by ldrg

  I've noticed that since updating my server to Debian Squeeze the amount of entropy as reported by /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail is much lower than it was before the upgrade. I would like to know if this lower pool size is big enough to function with or if I need to look into getting more entropy sources. I think having a way to log blocking reads of /dev/random would show whether I have enough entropy or not.

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• Pinging an external server through OpenVPN tunnel doesn’t work

  - by qdii

  I have an OpenVPN server and a client, and I want to use this tunnel to access not only 10.0.8.0/24 but the whole internet. So far, pinging the server from the client through the tun0 interface works, and vice versa. However, pinging www.google.com from the client through tun0 doesn’t work (all packets are lost). I figured that I should configure the server so that any packet coming from tun0 in destination of the internet be forwarded, so I came up with this iptables config line: interface_connecting_to_the_internet='eth0' interface_openvpn='tun0' internet_ip_address=`ifconfig "$interface_connecting_to_the_internet" | sed -n s'/.*inet \([0-9.]*\).*/\1/p'` iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o "${interface_connecting_to_the_internet}" -j SNAT --to-source "${internet_ip_address}" echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward Yet, this doesn’t work, the packets are still lost and I am wondering what could possibly be wrong with my setup. Some details: ip route gives on the server: default via 176.31.127.254 dev eth0 metric 3 10.8.0.0/24 via 10.8.0.2 dev tun0 10.8.0.2 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.1 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo 176.31.127.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 176.31.127.109 ip route gives on the client: default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 proto static 10.8.0.1 via 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.6 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.109 client uses wifi adapter wlan0 and TUN adapter tun0. server uses ethernet adapter eth0 and TUN adapter tun0. the VPN spans on 10.0.8.0/24 both client and linux are using Linux 3.6.1.

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• Very poor read performance compared to write performance on md(raid1) / crypt(luks) / lvm

  - by Android5360

  I'm experiencing very poor read performance over raid1/crypt/lvm. In the same time, write speeds are about 2x+ faster on the same setup. On another raid1 setup on the same machine I get normal read speeds (maybe because I'm not using cryptsetup). OS related disks: sda + sdb. I have raid1 configuration with two disks, both are in place. I'm using LVM over the RAID. No encryption. Both disks are WD Green, 5400 rpm. IO test results on this raid1: dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/output.img3 bs=8k count=256k conv=fsync - 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 22.3392 s, 96.1 MB/s sync echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches dd if=/tmp/output.img3 of=/dev/null bs=8k - 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 15.9 s, 135 MB/s And here is the problematic setup (on the same machine). Currently I have only one sdc (WD Green, 5400rpm) configured in software raid1 + crypt (luks, serpent-xts-plain) + lvm. Tomorrow I will attach another disk (sdd) to complete this two-disk raid1 setup. IO tests results on this raid1: dd if=/dev/zero of=output.img3 bs=8k count=256k conv=fsync 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 17.7235 s, 121 MB/s sync echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches dd if=output.img3 of=/dev/null bs=8k 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 36.2454 s, 59.2 MB/s We can see that the read performance is very very bad (59MB/s compared to 135MB/s when using no encryption). Nothing is using the disks during benchmark. I can confirm this because I checked with iostat and dstat. Details on the hardware: disks: all are WD green, 5400rpm, 64mb cache. cpu: FX-8350 at stock speed ram: 4x4GB at 1066Mhz. Details on the software: OS: Debian Wheezy 7, amd64 mdadm: v3.2.5 - 18th May 2012 LVM version: 2.02.95(2) (2012-03-06) LVM Library version: 1.02.74 (2012-03-06) LVM Driver version: 4.22.0 cryptsetup: 1.4.3 Here is how I configured the slow raid1+crypt+lvm setup: parted /dev/sdc mklabel gpt type: ext4 start: 2048s end: -1 Now the raid, crypt and the lvm configuration: mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-disks=2 missing /dev/sdc cryptsetup --cipher serpent-xts-plain luksFormat /dev/md1 cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md1 md1_crypt vgcreate vg_sql /dev/mapper/md1_crypt lvcreate -l 100%VG vg_sql -n lv_sql mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg_sql-lv-sql mount /dev/mapper/vg_sql-lv_sql /sql So guys, can you help me identify the reason and fix it? It has to be something with the cryptsetup as there is no such read slowdown on the other setup (sda+sdb) where no encryption is present. But I have no idea what to do. Thanks!

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• what is the difference between Android Dev Phone and other phones on market?

  - by Praveen Chandrasekaran

  what is the difference between Android Dev Phone and other phones on market like g1,nexus,hero,etc? which one is better to buy for the devloper? review it features plz.

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• GRUB reporting wrong partition type

  - by plok

  It all started when I had to replace one of the disks that the software RAID 1 on this machine currently uses. From that moment on I have not been able to boot to the Windows XP that is installed on the fourth hard drive, /dev/sdd. I am almost positive that the problem is related not to Windows but to GRUB, as if I unplug all the other hard drives so that the Windows XP disk is now /dev/sda it boots with no problem. The problem seems to be that GRUB detects a wrong partition type, which I understand suggest that something is really messed up. This is what I get when I try to follow the steps that until now had worked like a charm: grub> map (hd0) (hd3) grub> map (hd3) (hd0) grub> root (hd3,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd 0xfd? That doesn't make sense. /dev/sdb and sdc are 0xfd (Linux raid), but not /dev/sdd: edel:~# fdisk -l [...] Disk /dev/sdd: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00048d89 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 1 30400 244187968+ 7 HPFS/NTFS edel:/boot/grub# cat device.map (hd0) /dev/sda (hd1) /dev/sdb (hd2) /dev/sdc (hd3) /dev/sdd I have been trying to work this out for hours, to no avail. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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• framebuffer not available. How to install the device /dev/fb/0 on Ubuntu?

  - by Aleyna

  I am trying to run an application that uses framebuffer on 2.6.31-14-generic #48-Ubuntu. All need to do is to install a framebuffer device to get rid of the following error. /dev/fb/0: No such file or directory framebuffer not available. FATAL: no framebuffer available I googled through and found some resources indicating to do that on Grub2 I got nothing though I followed them seamlessly. Any ideas? Thanks

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• Permission denied problem in Freenas + Transmission

  - by Torbjörn Karlsson

  Running Freenas 0.7.2 (5543) and Transmission 2.11 The problem it that i can not save a torrent where ever i want.. For example... I can save in: /nmt/1-500gb/Tv/dexter but i can not save in /nmt/4-1000gb/tv/Lost When i try to save in the lost folder I get a permission denied error in the Web interface. But when I try to save the same torrent file in the dexter folder everything works fine... This is probably an easy thing to fix, but I'm new to Freenas. The user name for Transmission is TorrentUser if that helps. Now I find out that I can not browse the disk in Quixplorer.. I can browse nmt/4-1000gb/ but not /nmt/1-500gb When I try to browse the nmt/4-1000gb/ I get Unable to read directory $ mount /dev/md0 on / (ufs, local) devfs on /dev (devfs, local) procfs on /proc (procfs, local) /dev/fuse1 on /mnt/5 - 500gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse2 on /mnt/2 - 1000gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse3 on /mnt/3 - 1000gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse4 on /mnt/4 - 1000gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse5 on /mnt/320GB - USB (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/md1 on /var (ufs, local) /dev/da0a on /cf (ufs, local, read-only) /dev/fuse0 on /mnt/1 - 500gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) Dont work : 1 - 500gb 2 - 1000gb 3 - 1000gb Works: 320GB - USB 4 - 1000gb 5 - 500gb And this 3 disk is the same disks that I can save my torrents to. Ps. Every disk works perfect when i use ftp...

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• Partition table corrupted (USB flash drive)

  - by 13ren

  It's an 8 GB Patriot thumb drive, which I've used extensively with lots of data. Today, it is detected, but all data is gone: (EDIT at least some data is still there, but the partition table is gone) EDIT @Sathya (thanks) here's the relevant output from sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sdc: 8019 MB, 8019509248 bytes 247 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders Units = cylinders of 15314 * 512 = 7840768 bytes Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table It looks like it is /dev/sdc, with that 8 GB... and no partition table. I tried to mount /dev/sdc (and then dmesg | tail): /media> sudo mount /dev/sdc mytmp mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc, missing codepage or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so /media> dmesg | tail [ 24.300000] sdc: unknown partition table [ 24.320000] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi removable disk sdc [ 24.370000] usb-storage: device scan complete [ 26.870000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [ 26.870000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted! [ 50.420000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted! EDIT @Col: results from testdisk Disk /dev/sdc - 8013 MB / 7642 MiB - CHS 1022 247 62 Current partition structure: Partition Start End Size in sectors Partition sector doesn't have the endmark 0xAA55 After I hit [proceed], it says: Structure: Ok. Keys A: add partition, L: load backup, Enter: to continue The "Structure: Ok." seems reassuring... will "A: add partition" make my old data accessible (if it's still there), or will it make a new, fresh partition? Another option is "[ MBR Code ] Write TestDisk MBR code to first sector" - would it be better to do this? EDIT I found that at least some of my data is still on the flash drive, by using the below, and searching for English text in less (like " the "): cat /dev/sde | tr -cd '\11\12\40\1540-\176' | less (The drive changed from "/dev/sdb" to "/dev/sde" because I connected some extra drives today). I've learnt that "/dev/sde1" would be the first partition; and "/dev/sde" is the whole drive. Because unix treats these devices just like files, you can use all the ordinary unix file commands on them, like cat, and then process them like any other stream of data. The tr above removes non-printable characters ("\40" is space, which I wanted to preserve). In less, you can use "/" to search, similar to Vim. How can I get my data back (assuming it's still there)? If only the partition table is corrupted, is there a standard "partition recovery tool"? Is there a way to "repartition" without deleting everything?

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• How can I reset the permissions of /bin /boot /etc and /dev to orignal owner, Ubuntu?

  - by Camsoft

  I accidentally changed the ownership of the /bin, /boot, /etc and /dev recursively to nobody:nogroup using chown when I misplaced a forward slash! How can I resort the original file ownerships? I've managed to get them all to root:root but I'm not sure if all the files should be owned by root and if this will break something? Is they are option to fix file permissions like there is in OS X? Help!

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• Puppet class inheritance confusion

  - by EMiller

  I've read the documentation on scope, but I'm still having trouble working this out. I've got two environments that are very similar - so I've got: modules/django-env/manifests/init.pp class django-env { package { "python26": ensure => installed } # etc ... } import "er.pp" modules/django-env/manifests/er.pp $venvname = "er" $venvpath = "/home/django/virtualenvs" class er { file { "$venvpath/$venvname" : ensure => directory } # etc ... } class er-dev { include er } class er-bce-dev { $venvname = "er-bce" include er } manifests/modules.pp import "django-env" manifests/nodes.pp node default { # etc ... } node 'centos-dev' imports default { include django-env include er-bce-dev include er-dev } The result here is that the "inheritance" works - but only the first "er-" item under the 'centos-dev' node is acted upon, I either get er-bce-dev or er-dev, but not both. There must be some basic thing I'm misunderstanding here. Is it the difference between import and include ? (not sure I understand that)

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• Why does this loopback device creation malfunction?

  - by user50118

  The stackoverflow people thought this was more appropriate here, I put it there as it is part of a program but I can see their POV, so here it is: At the bottom of the code you can see it failing. In fact, I'll put it here at the start too because it is the problem I need to solve: [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks) I don't understand why the device is supposedly too small. I made this partition two days ago with normal fdisk, it was created and formatted with ext4 supplying no options other than the partition (/dev/sdb2) to format. The only explaination I can think of is that ext4 has the size of the partition wrong somehow but that seems very unlikely. What is wrong with my math? The offset is correct, you can see that with the file command, and the size should be correct too because End - Start comes to the same number of sectors minus 1, just like it should (A disk starting on sector 1 and ending on sector 2 would be 2 - 1 = 1 and have two sectors). # sfdisk -luS /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 9729 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb2 78295040 156296384 78001345 83 Linux # losetup -r -f --show -o $((78295040 * 512)) --sizelimit $((78001345 * 512)) /dev/sdb /dev/loop0 # file -s /dev/loop0 /dev/loop0: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data (needs journal recovery) (extents) (large files) (huge files) # mount -o ro -t ext4 /dev/loop0 /mnt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so # dmesg | tail -n 1 [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks)

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• How to free up block device that is mounted to an inaccessible place?

  - by Vi

  root@vi-notebook:~# cat /proc/mounts | grep raidy /dev/md0 /root/e/i/wpc2/boot/mnt/raidy reiserfs ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime 0 0 root@vi-notebook:~# umount -n /root/e/i/wpc2/boot/mnt/raidy umount: /root/e/i/wpc2/boot/mnt/raidy: Transport endpoint is not connected root@vi-notebook:~# mount /dev/md/raidy /mnt/raidy/ -t reiserfs -o nodev,nosuid,noexec,acl,noatime mount: /dev/md0 already mounted or /mnt/raidy/ busy The only workaround I found is: root@vi-notebook:~# losetup /dev/loop0 /dev/md/raidy root@vi-notebook:~# mount /dev/loop0 /mnt/raidy/ -t reiserfs -o nodev,nosuid,noexec,acl,noatime

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• Correct way to re-install grub in Ubuntu.

  - by xenon

  What is the standard/correct way to re-install grub2? I am using liveusb right now and i am unable to boot into Ubuntu on my hard drive. Partitions are as follows: /dev/sda1 1 3917 31463271 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 3918 10444 52428127+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 10445 15671 41985877+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda4 15672 19457 30411045 5 Extended /dev/sda5 * 15672 17711 16386268+ 83 Linux /dev/sda6 17712 19457 14024713+ 83 Linux Pleas help. thanks

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• Problems with 5.1 digital out on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by user895319

  I've recently bought a new PC, installed Ubuntu and am now unable to get 5.1 digital sound working. Simple analogue stereo works fine on both the front and rear connectors. On my old box I connected the coax connection from my soundcard to my surround sound amplifier, set Settings-Sound to "Digital Stereo Duplex" and it worked. My old soundcard doesn't fit in my new machine so I'm using the built-in sound hardware. I'm connecting the combination output socket on the back of the PC via the same cable to my surround amp as before. The MB is an MSI Global H61M-P31 with an RealTek ALC887 sound chip. When I go to Settings-Sound I only see "Headphone Built-in Audio" and "Analogue Output Built-in Audio" - no digitial options. The output from aplay -l is: default Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server sysdefault:CARD=PCH HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Default Audio Device front:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Front speakers surround40:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers surround51:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround71:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speakers dmix:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Direct sample mixing device dsnoop:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Direct sample snooping device hw:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Direct hardware device without any conversions plughw:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Hardware device with all software conversions While googling for ALC887 I've seen some references to "ALC887 -VD Analog" and some to "ALC887 -VD Digital". Does anyone know if I need to force it to chance mode somehow? It's worth mentioning that when I set the output to 5.1 digital surround in Windows 7 on the same machine I still don't get any sound so it's not a unique Linux problem. Thanks for any help.

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• How do I know which /dev/ttyS* is my serial port?

  - by ShaChris23

  I have a laptop which has only one serial port. I went into: /dev directory, and I found: ttyS0 ttyS1 ttyS2 ttyS3 How do I know which of those "ttyS" refers to my serial port?

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• Removing vg and lv after physical drive has been removed

  - by Rene

  We had a disk fail and replace but forgot to vgreduce first. The drive was on it's own VG and with two empty LV's and these are now causing LVM to complain every time any command is run, i.e. # lvscan /dev/vg04/swap: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 4294901760: Input/output error /dev/vg04/swap: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 4294959104: Input/output error /dev/vg04/swap: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 0: Input/output error /dev/vg04/swap: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 4096: Input/output error /dev/vg04/vz: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 995903864832: Input/output error /dev/vg04/vz: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 995903922176: Input/output error /dev/vg04/vz: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 0: Input/output error /dev/vg04/vz: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 4096: Input/output error The two LV's are not important, I just want to stop this error from displaying.

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• Windows 7 boots to black screen with blinking cursor

  - by murgatroid99

  I have an Alienware M17x that dual boots into Ubuntu 11.04 and Windows 7 Home Premium. Currently, the computer starts at the GRUB loader and will boot into Ubuntu, but if I try to boot into Windows, I immediately get a black screen with a blinking cursor in the upper left corner. The output of fdisk -l is Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/dm-0p1 1 5 40131 de Dell Utility Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p2 6 1918 15360000 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p3 * 1918 64772 504878877+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 3 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p4 64772 77827 104858625 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p5 64772 67204 19531008 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p6 67204 74498 58593536 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p7 74498 77577 24731648 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p8 77578 77827 2000128 82 Linux swap / Solaris I have used the Windows rescue CD, and run the automatic error fixer until it finds no errors. I have run chkdsk /R on both the main Windows 7 (/dev/dm-0p3) partition and the recovery partition (/dev/dm-0p2). I set the main Windows 7 partition to be active. I also tried running in the recovery console the commands bootrec /fixmbr bootrec /fixboot bootrec /rebuildbcd None of these helped and the last set of commands deletes grub, which I then have to reinstall from Ubuntu. I think the last thing I did in windows before this started was install the newest ATI driver for my video card. This would suggest using system restore, and I actually had a restore point earlier (after the problem started), but after whatever I did that restore point does not appear in the list on the recovery disk any more, so I cannot do a system restore. Is there anything else I can try to make Windows boot properly again? Edit: Running the suggested commands bootsect /nt60 c: bcdboot c:\windows /s c: was also ineffective.

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