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  • DNS "recursion not available" using a Cisco AnyConnect VPN connection

    - by codeape
    Does anyone have experience with configuring Cisco AnyConnect VPN? We have a problem with client DNS name resolution when connected over VPN. To me, it looks as if the Cisco AnyConnect VPN client intercepts DNS queries from the clients. Can someone confirm that the AnyConnect VPN client in fact does this (intercepts DNS traffic)? Where is this configured on the VPN server? EDIT: Here's how the routing table changes when I connect to the VPN: [~] $ diff -u /tmp/route_normal /tmp/route_vpn --- /tmp/route_normal 2010-01-20 19:23:47.000000000 +0100 +++ /tmp/route_vpn 2010-01-20 19:24:46.000000000 +0100 @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface +xxx.xxx.xx.xx.i 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 ath0 172.16.53.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 vmnet1 10.0.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ath0 +172.17.20.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 cscotun 0 +192.168.111.0 172.17.20.212 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 cscotun 0 172.16.140.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 vmnet8 +172.16.0.0 172.17.20.212 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 cscotun 0 default 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ath0 EDIT 2: The IT guy has done "something" on the VPN endpoint. Now I get "recursion not available" when doing nslookup. The DNS servers have recursion enabled. So it must be the Cisco VPN DNS interception messing this up. ubuntu@domU-12-31-39-00-ED-14:~$ /opt/cisco/vpn/bin/vpn connect xxx.xxxxxx.xx ... >> Please enter your username and password ... >> notice: Establishing VPN... >> state: Connected >> notice: VPN session established to ... ubuntu@domU-12-31-39-00-ED-14:~$ nslookup www.vg.no ;; Got recursion not available from ..., trying next server ;; Got recursion not available from ..., trying next server ;; Got recursion not available from ..., trying next server ;; Got recursion not available from ..., trying next server Server: 172.16.0.23 Address: 172.16.0.23#53 ** server can't find www.vg.no.compute-1.internal: REFUSED ubuntu@domU-12-31-39-00-ED-14:~$ ping 195.88.55.16 PING 195.88.55.16 (195.88.55.16) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 195.88.55.16: icmp_seq=1 ttl=240 time=110 ms 64 bytes from 195.88.55.16: icmp_seq=2 ttl=240 time=111 ms 64 bytes from 195.88.55.16: icmp_seq=3 ttl=240 time=109 ms ^C --- 195.88.55.16 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2017ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 109.953/110.379/111.075/0.496 ms

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  • network is not available even when cisco vpn client is connected. wrong route?

    - by javapowered
    I'm using Vodafone 3G modem. I've disabled other network devices in the system (ethernet, wifi, wimax) turned off firewall and antivirus. cisco vpn client connects successfully but I still can not access computer 192.168.147.120 (as well as any other computer from network). Any suggestions are welcome as I don't know what to do. ipconfig /all and route print commands (translated to english): Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601] (C) Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft Corp.), 2009. All rights reserved. C: \ Users \ Oleg> ipconfig / all IP Configuration for Windows The name of the computer. . . . . . . . . : OlegPC The primary DNS-suffix. . . . . . : Node Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP-routing is enabled. . . . : No WINS-proxy enabled. . . . . . . : No Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 4: DNS-suffix for this connection. . . . . : Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . : Cisco Systems VPN Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . 00-05-9A-3C-78-00 DHCP is enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled. . . . . . : Yes Local IPv6-address channel. . . : Fe80:: c073: 41b2: 852f: eb87% 26 (Preferred) IPv4-address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.53.127.204 (Preferred) The subnet mask. . . . . . . . . . : 255.0.0.0 Default Gateway. . . . . . . . . : IAID DHCPv6. . . . . . . . . . . : 536872346 DUID the client DHCPv6. . . . . . . 00-01-00-01-14-6F-4C-8D-60-EB-69-85-10-2D DNS-servers. . . . . . . . . . . : Fec0: 0:0: ffff:: 1% 1 fec0: 0:0: ffff:: 2% 1 fec0: 0:0: ffff:: 3% 1 NetBios over TCP / IP. . . . . . . . : Disabled Adapter mobile broadband connection through a broadband adapter mobile communications: DNS-suffix for this connection. . . . . : Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . : Vodafone Mobile Broadband Network Adapter (Huawei) Physical Address. . . . . . . . . 58-2C-80-13-92-63 DHCP is enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled. . . . . . : Yes IPv4-address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.229.227.77 (Preferred) The subnet mask. . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.252 Default Gateway. . . . . . . . . : 10.229.227.78 DNS-servers. . . . . . . . . . . : 163.121.128.134 212.103.160.18 NetBios over TCP / IP. . . . . . . . : Disabled Tunnel adapter isatap. {737FF02E-D473-4F91-840E-2A4DD293FC12}: State of the environment. . . . . . . . : DNS Suffix. DNS-suffix for this connection. . . . . : Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . : Adapter Microsoft ISATAP # 3 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP is enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled. . . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter isatap. {EF585226-5B07-4446-A5A4-CB1B8E4B13AC}: State of the environment. . . . . . . . : DNS Suffix. DNS-suffix for this connection. . . . . : Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . : Adapter Microsoft ISATAP # 4 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP is enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled. . . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: DNS-suffix for this connection. . . . . : Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . : Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface Physical Address. . . . . . . . . 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP is enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled. . . . . . : Yes IPv6-address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:0:4137:9 e76: ea: b77: f51a: 1cb2 (Basically d) Local IPv6-address channel. . . : Fe80:: ea: b77: f51a: 1cb2% 16 (Preferred) Default Gateway. . . . . . . . . ::: NetBios over TCP / IP. . . . . . . . : Disabled C: \ Users \ Oleg> route print ================================================== ========================= List of interfaces 26 ... 00 05 9a 3c 78 00 ...... Cisco Systems VPN Adapter 23 ... 58 2c 80 13 92 63 ...... Vodafone Mobile Broadband Network Adapter (Huawei) 1 ........................... Software Loopback Interface 1 19 ... 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Adapter Microsoft ISATAP # 3 20 ... 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Adapter Microsoft ISATAP # 4 16 ... 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface ================================================== ========================= IPv4 Route Table ================================================== ========================= Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.229.227.78 10.229.227.77 296 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 10.53.127.204 286 10.6.93.21 255,255,255,255 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 10.13.50.12 255,255,255,255 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 10.53.8.0 255.255.252.0 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 10.53.127.204 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.53.127.204 286 10.53.128.0 255.255.248.0 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 10.53.148.0 255,255,255,240 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 10.53.148.16 255,255,255,240 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 10.229.227.76 255.255.255.252 On-link 10.229.227.77 296 10.229.227.77 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.229.227.77 296 10.229.227.79 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.229.227.77 296 10.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.53.127.204 286 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.147.0 255,255,255,240 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 192.168.147.96 255,255,255,240 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 192,168,147,112 255,255,255,240 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 192,168,147,128 255,255,255,240 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 192,168,147,144 255,255,255,240 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 192,168,147,224 255,255,255,240 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 192.168.214.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 192.168.215.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 194.247.133.19 255,255,255,255 10.0.0.1 10.53.127.204 100 213,247,231,194 255,255,255,255 10.229.227.78 10.229.227.77 100 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.229.227.77 296 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.53.127.204 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.229.227.77 296 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.53.127.204 286 ================================================== ========================= Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table ================================================== ========================= Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 16 58:: / 0 On-link 1306:: 1 / 128 On-link 16 58 2001:: / 32 On-link 16 306 2001: 0:4137:9 e76: ea: b77: f51a: 1cb2/128 On-link 16 306 fe80:: / 64 On-link 26 286 fe80:: / 64 On-link 16 306 fe80:: ea: b77: f51a: 1cb2/128 On-link 26 286 fe80:: c073: 41b2: 852f: eb87/128 On-link 1306 ff00:: / 8 On-link 16 306 ff00:: / 8 On-link 26 286 ff00:: / 8 On-link ================================================== ========================= Persistent Routes: None C: \ Users \ Oleg>

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  • Monitoring slow nginx/unicorn requests

    - by injekt
    I'm currently using Nginx to proxy requests to a Unicorn server running a Sinatra application. The application only has a couple of routes defined, those of which make fairly simple (non costly) queries to a PostgreSQL database, and finally return data in JSON format, these services are being monitored by God. I'm currently experiencing extremely slow response times from this application server. I have another two Unicorn servers being proxied via Nginx, and these are responding perfectly fine, so I think I can rule out any wrong doing from Nginx. Here is my God configuration: # God configuration APP_ROOT = File.expand_path '../', File.dirname(__FILE__) God.watch do |w| w.name = "app_name" w.interval = 30.seconds # default w.start = "cd #{APP_ROOT} && unicorn -c #{APP_ROOT}/config/unicorn.rb -D" # -QUIT = graceful shutdown, waits for workers to finish their current request before finishing w.stop = "kill -QUIT `cat #{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid`" w.restart = "kill -USR2 `cat #{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid`" w.start_grace = 10.seconds w.restart_grace = 10.seconds w.pid_file = "#{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid" # User under which to run the process w.uid = 'web' w.gid = 'web' # Cleanup the pid file (this is needed for processes running as a daemon) w.behavior(:clean_pid_file) # Conditions under which to start the process w.start_if do |start| start.condition(:process_running) do |c| c.interval = 5.seconds c.running = false end end # Conditions under which to restart the process w.restart_if do |restart| restart.condition(:memory_usage) do |c| c.above = 150.megabytes c.times = [3, 5] # 3 out of 5 intervals end restart.condition(:cpu_usage) do |c| c.above = 50.percent c.times = 5 end end w.lifecycle do |on| on.condition(:flapping) do |c| c.to_state = [:start, :restart] c.times = 5 c.within = 5.minute c.transition = :unmonitored c.retry_in = 10.minutes c.retry_times = 5 c.retry_within = 2.hours end end end Here is my Unicorn configuration: # Unicorn configuration file APP_ROOT = File.expand_path '../', File.dirname(__FILE__) worker_processes 8 preload_app true pid "#{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid" listen 8001 stderr_path "#{APP_ROOT}/log/unicorn.stderr.log" stdout_path "#{APP_ROOT}/log/unicorn.stdout.log" before_fork do |server, worker| old_pid = "#{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid.oldbin" if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid begin Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i) rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH # someone else did our job for us end end end I have checked God status logs but it appears CPU and Memory Usage are never out of bounds. I also have something to kill high memory workers, which can be found on the GitHub blog page here. When running a tail -f on the Unicorn logs I see some requests, but they're far and few between, when I was at around 60-100 a second before this trouble seemed to have arrived. This log also shows workers being reaped and started as expected. So my question is, how would I go about debugging this? What are the next steps I should be taking? I'm extremely baffled that the server will sometimes respond quickly, but at others time it's very slow, for long periods of time (which may or may not be peak traffic times). Any advice is much appreciated.

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  • iptables syn flood countermeasure

    - by Penegal
    I'm trying to adjust my iptables firewall to increase the security of my server, and I found something a bit problematic here : I have to set INPUT policy to ACCEPT and, in addition, to have a rule saying iptables -I INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT. Here comes my script (launched manually for tests) : #!/bin/sh IPT=/sbin/iptables echo "Clearing firewall rules" $IPT -F $IPT -Z $IPT -t nat -F $IPT -t nat -Z $IPT -t mangle -F $IPT -t mangle -Z $IPT -X echo "Defining logging policy for dropped packets" $IPT -N LOGDROP $IPT -A LOGDROP -j LOG -m limit --limit 5/min --log-level debug --log-prefix "iptables rejected: " $IPT -A LOGDROP -j DROP echo "Setting firewall policy" $IPT -P INPUT DROP # Deny all incoming connections $IPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # Allow all outgoing connections $IPT -P FORWARD DROP # Deny all forwaring echo "Allowing connections from/to lo and incoming connections from eth0" $IPT -I INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT $IPT -I OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT #$IPT -I INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT echo "Setting SYN flood countermeasures" $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp -i eth0 --syn -m limit --limit 100/second --limit-burst 200 -j LOGDROP echo "Allowing outgoing traffic corresponding to already initiated connections" $IPT -A OUTPUT -p ALL -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT echo "Allowing incoming SSH" $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -m recent --set --name SSH -j ACCEPT echo "Setting SSH bruteforce attacks countermeasures (deny more than 10 connections every 10 minutes)" $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m recent --update --seconds 600 --hitcount 10 --rttl --name SSH -j LOGDROP echo "Allowing incoming traffic for HTTP, SMTP, NTP, PgSQL and SolR" $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -i eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -i eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p udp --dport 123 -i eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 5433 -i eth0.2654 -s 172.16.0.2 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p udp --dport 5433 -i eth0.2654 -s 172.16.0.2 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8983 -i eth0.2654 -s 172.16.0.2 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p udp --dport 8983 -i eth0.2654 -s 172.16.0.2 -j ACCEPT echo "Allowing outgoing traffic for ICMP, SSH, whois, SMTP, DNS, HTTP, PgSQL and SolR" $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 43 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 80 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT #$IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 5433 -o eth0 -d 176.31.236.101 -j ACCEPT #$IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 5433 -o eth0 -d 176.31.236.101 -j ACCEPT #$IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 8983 -o eth0 -d 176.31.236.101 -j ACCEPT #$IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 8983 -o eth0 -d 176.31.236.101 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 5433 -o eth0.2654 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --sport 5433 -o eth0.2654 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 8983 -o eth0.2654 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --sport 8983 -o eth0.2654 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT echo "Allowing outgoing FTP backup" $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 20:21 -o eth0 -d 91.121.190.78 -j ACCEPT echo "Dropping and logging everything else" $IPT -A INPUT -s 0/0 -j LOGDROP $IPT -A OUTPUT -j LOGDROP $IPT -A FORWARD -j LOGDROP echo "Firewall loaded." echo "Maintaining new rules for 3 minutes for tests" sleep 180 $IPT -nvL echo "Clearing firewall rules" $IPT -F $IPT -Z $IPT -t nat -F $IPT -t nat -Z $IPT -t mangle -F $IPT -t mangle -Z $IPT -X $IPT -P INPUT ACCEPT $IPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT $IPT -P FORWARD ACCEPT When I launch this script (I only have a SSH access), the shell displays every message up to Maintaining new rules for 3 minutes for tests, the server is unresponsive during the 3 minutes delay and then resume normal operations. The only solution I found until now was to set $IPT -P INPUT ACCEPT and $IPT -I INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT, but this configuration does not protect me of any attack, which is a great shame for a firewall. I suspect that the error comes from my script and not from iptables, but I don't understand what's wrong with my script. Could some do-gooder explain me my error, please? EDIT: here comes the result of iptables -nvL with the "accept all input" ($IPT -P INPUT ACCEPT and $IPT -I INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT) solution : Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 52 ACCEPT all -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp flags:0x17/0x02 limit: avg 100/sec burst 200 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 state NEW recent: SET name: SSH side: source 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 recent: UPDATE seconds: 600 hit_count: 10 TTL-Match name: SSH side: source 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:25 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:123 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:8983 0 0 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * lo 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 2 728 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:25 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:43 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:53 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:53 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp spt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp spt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 91.121.190.78 tcp dpts:20:21 0 0 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain LOGDROP (5 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 limit: avg 5/min burst 5 LOG flags 0 level 7 prefix `iptables rejected: ' 0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 EDIT #2 : I modified my script (policy ACCEPT, defining authorized incoming packets then logging and dropping everything else) to write iptables -nvL results to a file and to allow only 10 ICMP requests per second, logging and dropping everything else. The result proved unexpected : while the server was unavailable to SSH connections, even already established, I ping-flooded it from another server, and the ping rate was restricted to 10 requests per second. During this test, I also tried to open new SSH connections, which remained unanswered until the script flushed rules. Here comes the iptables stats written after these tests : Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 600 35520 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 6 360 LOGDROP tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp flags:0x17/0x02 limit: avg 100/sec burst 200 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 STRING match "w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS." ALGO name bm TO 65535 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 STRING match "Host: anoticiapb.com.br" ALGO name bm TO 65535 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 STRING match "Host: www.anoticiapb.com.br" ALGO name bm TO 65535 105 8820 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 limit: avg 10/sec burst 5 830 69720 LOGDROP icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 state NEW recent: SET name: SSH side: source 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 recent: UPDATE seconds: 600 hit_count: 10 TTL-Match name: SSH side: source 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:25 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:123 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0/0 udp spt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0/0 udp spt:8983 16 1684 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 600 35520 ACCEPT all -- * lo 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 owner UID match 33 0 0 LOGDROP udp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:80 owner UID match 33 116 11136 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:25 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:53 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:53 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:43 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 91.121.190.18 tcp dpts:20:21 7 1249 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain LOGDROP (11 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 35 3156 LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 limit: avg 1/sec burst 5 LOG flags 0 level 7 prefix `iptables rejected: ' 859 73013 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Here comes the log content added during this test : Mar 28 09:52:51 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55666 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:51 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55667 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:51 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55668 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:51 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55669 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:52 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55670 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:54 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55671 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:58 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55672 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:59 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=6 Mar 28 09:52:59 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=7 Mar 28 09:52:59 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=8 Mar 28 09:52:59 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=9 Mar 28 09:52:59 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=59 Mar 28 09:53:00 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=152 Mar 28 09:53:01 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=246 Mar 28 09:53:02 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=339 Mar 28 09:53:03 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=432 Mar 28 09:53:04 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=524 Mar 28 09:53:05 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=617 Mar 28 09:53:06 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=711 Mar 28 09:53:07 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=804 Mar 28 09:53:08 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=897 Mar 28 09:53:16 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=61402 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57637 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:19 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=61403 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57637 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:21 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55674 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:25 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=61404 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57637 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:37 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=116 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55675 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:37 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=116 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55676 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:37 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=180 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55677 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:38 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=180 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55678 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:39 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=180 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55679 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:39 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=5055 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57638 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:41 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=180 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55680 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:42 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=5056 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57638 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:45 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=180 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55681 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:48 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=5057 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57638 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 If I correctly interpreted these results, they say that ICMP rules were correctly interpreted by iptables, but SSH rules were not. This does not make any sense... Does somebody understand where my error comes from? EDIT #3 : After some more tests, I found out that commenting the SYN flood countermeasure removes the problem. I continue researches in this way but, meanwhile, if somebody sees my anti SYN flood rule error...

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  • Benchmarking hosting providers IO with Bonnie

    - by Derek Organ
    Ok, because of a bunch of projects I'm working on I've access to dedicated Servers on a 3 hosting providers. As an experiment and for educational purposes I decided to see if I could benchmark how good the IO is with each. Bit of research lead me to Bonnie++ So I installed it on the server and ran this simple command /usr/sbin/bonnie -d /tmp/foo The 3 machines in different hosting providers are all dedicated machines, one is a VPS, other two are on some cloud platform e.g. VMWare / Xen using some kind of clustered SAN for storage This might be a naive thing to do but here are the results I found. HOST A Version 1.03c ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random- -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks-- Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 1G 45081 88 56244 14 19167 4 20965 40 67110 6 67.2 0 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create-------- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP 16 15264 28 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ xxxxxxxx,1G,45081,88,56244,14,19167,4,20965,40,67110,6,67.2,0,16,15264,28,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++ HOST B Version 1.03d ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random- -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks-- Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP xxxxxxxxxxxx 4G 43070 91 64510 15 19092 0 29276 47 39169 0 448.2 0 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create-------- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP 16 24799 52 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ 25443 54 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ xxxxxxx,4G,43070,91,64510,15,19092,0,29276,47,39169,0,448.2,0,16,24799,52,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,25443,54,+++++,+++,+++++,+++ HOST C Version 1.03c ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random- -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks-- Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP xxxxxxxxxxxxx 1536M 15598 22 85698 13 258969 20 16194 22 723655 21 +++++ +++ ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create-------- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP 16 14142 22 +++++ +++ 18621 22 13544 22 +++++ +++ 17363 21 xxxxxxxx,1536M,15598,22,85698,13,258969,20,16194,22,723655,21,+++++,+++,16,14142,22,+++++,+++,18621,22,13544,22,+++++,+++,17363,21 Ok, so first off what is the best way to read the figures and are there any issues with really comparing these numbers? Is this in any way a true representation of IO Speed? If not is there any way for me to test that? Note: these 3 machines are using either Ubuntu or Debian (I presume that doesn't really matter)

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  • Secure ldap problem

    - by neverland
    I have tried to config my openldap to have secure connection by using openssl on Debian5. By the way, I got trouble during the below command. ldap:/etc/ldap# slapd -h 'ldap:// ldaps://' -d1 >>> slap_listener(ldaps://) connection_get(15): got connid=7 connection_read(15): checking for input on id=7 connection_get(15): got connid=7 connection_read(15): checking for input on id=7 connection_get(15): got connid=7 connection_read(15): checking for input on id=7 connection_get(15): got connid=7 connection_read(15): checking for input on id=7 connection_read(15): unable to get TLS client DN, error=49 id=7 connection_get(15): got connid=7 connection_read(15): checking for input on id=7 ber_get_next ber_get_next on fd 15 failed errno=0 (Success) connection_closing: readying conn=7 sd=15 for close connection_close: conn=7 sd=15 Then I have search for "unable to get TLS client DN, error=49 id=7" but it seems no where has a good solution to this yet. Please help. Thanks # Well, I try to fix something to get it work but now I got this ldap:~# slapd -d 256 -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf @(#) $OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.11 (Nov 26 2009 09:17:06) $ root@SD6-Casa:/tmp/buildd/openldap-2.4.11/debian/build/servers/slapd could not stat config file "/etc/openldap/slapd.conf": No such file or directory (2) slapd stopped. connections_destroy: nothing to destroy. What should I do now? log : ldap:~# /etc/init.d/slapd start Starting OpenLDAP: slapd - failed. The operation failed but no output was produced. For hints on what went wrong please refer to the system's logfiles (e.g. /var/log/syslog) or try running the daemon in Debug mode like via "slapd -d 16383" (warning: this will create copious output). Below, you can find the command line options used by this script to run slapd. Do not forget to specify those options if you want to look to debugging output: slapd -h 'ldaps:///' -g openldap -u openldap -f /etc/ldap/slapd.conf ldap:~# tail /var/log/messages Feb 8 16:53:27 ldap kernel: [ 123.582757] intel8x0_measure_ac97_clock: measured 57614 usecs Feb 8 16:53:27 ldap kernel: [ 123.582801] intel8x0: measured clock 172041 rejected Feb 8 16:53:27 ldap kernel: [ 123.582825] intel8x0: clocking to 48000 Feb 8 16:53:27 ldap kernel: [ 131.469687] Adding 240932k swap on /dev/hda5. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:240932k Feb 8 16:53:27 ldap kernel: [ 133.432131] EXT3 FS on hda1, internal journal Feb 8 16:53:27 ldap kernel: [ 135.478218] loop: module loaded Feb 8 16:53:27 ldap kernel: [ 141.348104] eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex Feb 8 16:53:27 ldap rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="3.18.6" x-pid="1705" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] restart Feb 8 16:53:34 ldap kernel: [ 159.217171] NET: Registered protocol family 10 Feb 8 16:53:34 ldap kernel: [ 159.220083] lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions

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  • Solaris ldap Authentication

    - by Tman
    Hi everyone Iv been having a trouble trying to get my Solaris 10 server to authenticate against an eDir server.im managed to Set up my linux(RHeL,SLES) servers to authenticate against the ldap Server.which works fine. Here is my configuration Files. ldapclient list: NS_LDAP_FILE_VERSION= 2.0 NS_LDAP_BINDDN= cn=proxyuser,o=AEDev NS_LDAP_BINDPASSWD= {NS1}ecfa88f3a945c22222233 NS_LDAP_SERVERS= 192.168.0.19 NS_LDAP_SEARCH_BASEDN= ou=auth,o=AEDev NS_LDAP_AUTH= simple NS_LDAP_SEARCH_SCOPE= sub NS_LDAP_CACHETTL= 0 NS_LDAP_CREDENTIAL_LEVEL= anonymous NS_LDAP_SERVICE_SEARCH_DESC= group:ou=Groups,ou=auth,o=AEDev NS_LDAP_SERVICE_SEARCH_DESC= shadow:ou=users,ou=auth,o=AEDev?sub?objectClass=shadowAccount NS_LDAP_SERVICE_SEARCH_DESC= passwd:ou=auth,o=AEDev?sub?objectClass=posixAccount NS_LDAP_BIND_TIME= 10 NS_LDAP_SERVICE_AUTH_METHOD= pam_ldap:simple getent passwd works fine: root:x:0:0:Super-User:/:/sbin/sh daemon:x:1:1::/: bin:x:2:2::/usr/bin: sys:x:3:3::/: adm:x:4:4:Admin:/var/adm: lp:x:71:8:Line Printer Admin:/usr/spool/lp: uucp:x:5:5:uucp Admin:/usr/lib/uucp: nuucp:x:9:9:uucp Admin:/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico smmsp:x:25:25:SendMail Message Submission Program:/: listen:x:37:4:Network Admin:/usr/net/nls: gdm:x:50:50:GDM Reserved UID:/: webservd:x:80:80:WebServer Reserved UID:/: postgres:x:90:90:PostgreSQL Reserved UID:/:/usr/bin/pfksh svctag:x:95:12:Service Tag UID:/: nobody:x:60001:60001:NFS Anonymous Access User:/: noaccess:x:60002:60002:No Access User:/: nobody4:x:65534:65534:SunOS 4.x NFS Anonymous Access User:/: tlla:x:2012:100::/home/tlla: test:x:2011:100::/home/test: thato:x:2010:100::/home/thato: pam.conf login auth sufficient pam_unix_auth.so.1 #server_policy login auth sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass login auth required pam_dial_auth.so.1 rlogin auth sufficient pam_rhosts_auth.so.1 rlogin auth requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 rlogin auth required pam_dhkeys.so.1 rlogin auth required pam_unix_cred.so.1 rlogin auth sufficient pam_unix_auth.so.1 rlogin auth sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass rsh auth sufficient pam_rhosts_auth.so.1 rsh auth required pam_unix_cred.so.1 rsh auth sufficient pam_unix_auth.so.1 #server_policy rsh auth sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass other auth requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 other auth required pam_dhkeys.so.1 other auth required pam_unix_cred.so.1 other auth sufficient pam_unix_auth.so.1 other auth sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass passwd auth required pam_passwd_auth.so.1 passwd auth sufficient pam_unix_auth.so.1 ssh account sufficient pam_unix.so.1 ssh account sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass other account requisite pam_roles.so.1 other account sufficient pam_unix_account.so.1 other account sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass other password required pam_dhkeys.so.1 other password requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 other password requisite pam_authtok_check.so.1 other password required pam_authtok_store.so.1 other password sufficient pam_unix.so.1 other password sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass Local Authentication Works But LDAP Authentication Doesn't Work.

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  • cPanel Virtfs won't umount

    - by JPerkSter
    Anyone have any experience with virtfs on cPanel servers? I can't seem to get them to unmount, as they say they are already unmounted: [root@Server ~]# cat /proc/mounts | grep user /dev/root /home/virtfs/user/lib ext3 rw,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/root /home/virtfs/user/opt ext3 rw,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/lib ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/sbin ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/share ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/bin ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/man ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/X11R6 ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/kerberos ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/libexec ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/bin ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/share ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/Zend ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/IonCube ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/include ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/lib ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda2 /home/virtfs/user/var/spool ext3 rw,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda2 /home/virtfs/user/var/lib ext3 rw,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda2 /home/virtfs/user/var/cpanel ext3 rw,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda2 /home/virtfs/user/var/run ext3 rw,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda2 /home/virtfs/user/var/log ext3 rw,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda6 /home/virtfs/user/tmp ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/root /home/virtfs/user/bin ext3 rw,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 [root@Server ~]# for i in cat /proc/mounts |grep virtfs |grep user |awk '{print$2}'; do umount $i; done umount: /home/virtfs/user/lib: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/opt: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/lib: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/sbin: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/share: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/bin: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/man: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/X11R6: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/kerberos: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/libexec: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/bin: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/share: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/Zend: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/IonCube: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/include: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/lib: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/var/spool: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/var/lib: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/var/cpanel: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/var/run: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/var/log: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/tmp: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/bin: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/dev: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/proc: not mounted

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  • Confusion on networking service start/stop in Ubuntu

    - by Daniel Ball
    I'm preparing to move and took down two of my servers, leaving only one with some essential services running. What I neglected to consider was that one was the DHCP server(which I realized when somebody contacted me saying they couldn't connect. Whups). So because I only have a few hosts on this small network, I opted to just statically configure them for now. One of these is a new Ubuntu 11.04 server, where I have very little experience. I edited /etc/network/interfaces and /etc/hosts to reflect my changes. I ran $sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop *deconfiguring network interfaces ... So yay. Then I try to start, it gives me the mumbo jumbo about using services (why didn't it do that for the stop?) So instead I run ... $sudo service networking start networking stop/waiting Now, to me that says the status of the service is stopped. But when I ping another computer, I get a successful reply. So is it not actually stopped? More importantly, am I doing something wrong? Edit daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking status networking stop/waiting daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking stop stop: Unknown instance: daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking status networking stop/waiting daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking start networking stop/waiting daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking status networking stop/waiting So you can see why I ran /etc/init.d/networking stop instead. For some reason upstart (that is what "services" is, right?) isn't working with stop. cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 FOOBAR 198.3.9.2 FOOBAR #Added entry July 19 2011 # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface #auto eth0 #iface eth0 inet dhcp # hostname FOOBAR auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 198.3.9.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 198.3.9.0 broadcast 198.3.9.255 gateway 198.3.9.15 No I didn't save backups, it was just a minor change so I just commented out the old DHCP setting. Edit I set everything back to original settings and set up a DHCP server. "starting" networking does the same thing. I can only assume this is normal, I just don't know WHY. It can't be anything to do with the configuration files, since they've been restored.

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  • Configuring OpenLDAP as a Active Directory Proxy

    - by vadensumbra
    We try to set up an Active Directory server for company-wide authentication. Some of the servers that should authenticate against the AD are placed in a DMZ, so we thought of using a LDAP-server as a proxy, so that only 1 server in the DMZ has to connect to the LAN where the AD-server is placed). With some googling it was no problem to configure the slapd (see slapd.conf below) and it seemed to work when using the ldapsearch tool, so we tried to use it in apache2 htaccess to authenticate the user over the LDAP-proxy. And here comes the problem: We found out the username in the AD is stored in the attribute 'sAMAccountName' so we configured it in .htaccess (see below) but the login didn't work. In the syslog we found out that the filter for the ldapsearch was not (like it should be) '(&(objectClass=*)(sAMAccountName=authtest01))' but '(&(objectClass=*)(?=undefined))' which we found out is slapd's way to show that the attribute do not exists or the value is syntactically wrong for this attribute. We thought of a missing schema and found the microsoft.schema (and the .std / .ext ones of it) and tried to include them in the slapd.conf. Which does not work. We found no working schemata so we just picked out the part about the sAMAccountName and build a microsoft.minimal.schema (see below) that we included. Now we get the more precise log in the syslog: Jun 16 13:32:04 breauthsrv01 slapd[21229]: get_ava: illegal value for attributeType sAMAccountName Jun 16 13:32:04 breauthsrv01 slapd[21229]: conn=0 op=1 SRCH base="ou=oraise,dc=int,dc=oraise,dc=de" scope=2 deref=3 filter="(&(objectClass=\*)(?sAMAccountName=authtest01))" Jun 16 13:32:04 breauthsrv01 slapd[21229]: conn=0 op=1 SRCH attr=sAMAccountName Jun 16 13:32:04 breauthsrv01 slapd[21229]: conn=0 op=1 SEARCH RESULT tag=101 err=0 nentries=0 text= Using our Apache htaccess directly with the AD via LDAP works though. Anyone got a working setup? Thanks for any help in advance: slapd.conf: allow bind_v2 include /etc/ldap/schema/core.schema ... include /etc/ldap/schema/microsoft.minimal.schema ... backend ldap database ldap suffix "ou=xxx,dc=int,dc=xxx,dc=de" uri "ldap://80.156.177.161:389" acl-bind bindmethod=simple binddn="CN=authtest01,ou=GPO-Test,ou=xxx,dc=int,dc=xxx,dc=de" credentials=xxxxx .htaccess: AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthType basic AuthName "AuthTest" AuthLDAPURL "ldap://breauthsrv01.xxx.de:389/OU=xxx,DC=int,DC=xxx,DC=de?sAMAccountName?sub" AuthzLDAPAuthoritative On AuthLDAPGroupAttribute member AuthLDAPBindDN CN=authtest02,OU=GPO-Test,OU=xxx,DC=int,DC=xxx,DC=de AuthLDAPBindPassword test123 Require valid-user microsoft.minimal.schema: attributetype ( 1.2.840.113556.1.4.221 NAME 'sAMAccountName' SYNTAX '1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15' SINGLE-VALUE )

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  • OSX 10.6.6 SSH md5 break-in check

    - by Alex
    Information Recently one of the linux servers that I access was compromised to steal passwords and ssh keys using a modified ssh binary. This lead me to question if the attacker had compromised my OSX Laptop which had ssh access turned on. A sophos virus scan turned up nothing, and I did not have rkhunter installed before the attack, so I could not compare hashes of the system binaries to be sure. However because OSX is relatively standard for each of their major releases, I asked fiends for md5 hashes md5 /usr/bin/ssh and md5 /usr/sbin/sshd as a basic first check to see if there was anything different about my machine. A few emails later I have found the following data: Version (Arch) [N] MD5 (/usr/bin/ssh) MD5 (/usr/sbin/sshd) OSX 10.5.8 (PPC) [3] 1e9fd483eef23464ec61c815f7984d61 9d32a36294565368728c18de466e69f1 OSX 10.5.8 (intel) [5] 1e9fd483eef23464ec61c815f7984d61 9d32a36294565368728c18de466e69f1 OSX 10.6.x (intel) [7] 591fbe723011c17b6ce41c537353b059 e781fad4fc86cf652f6df22106e0bf0e OSX 10.6.x (intel) [4] 58be068ad5e575c303ec348a1c71d48b 33dafd419194b04a558c8404b484f650 Mine 10.6.6 (intel) df344cc00a294c91230c65e8b7332a79 b5094ccf4cd074aaf573d4f5df75906a where N is the number of machines with with that MD5, and the last row is my laptop. The sample is relatively heterogeneous spaning a few years of different makes and models of Apples, and different versions of 10.6.x. The different hash for my system made me worried that these binaries might have been compromised. So I made sure that my backup for the week was good, and dived into formatting my system and reinstalling OSX. After reinstalling OSX from the manufacturer DVD, I found that the MD5 hash did not change for either ssh, or sshd. Goal Make sure that my system is does not have any malicious software. Should I be worried that this base install of OSX (with no other software installed) has been compromised? I have also updated my system to 10.6.6 and found no change as well. Other Information I am not sure if this is helpful information, but my laptop is a i7 15 inch MacBook Pro bought in Nov 2010, and here is some output from system_profiler: System Software Overview: System Version: Mac OS X 10.6.6 (10J567) Kernel Version: Darwin 10.6.0 64-bit Kernel and Extensions: No Time since boot: 1:37 Hardware: Hardware Overview: Model Name: MacBook Model Identifier: MacBook6,2 Processor Name: Intel Core i7 Processor Speed: 2.66 GHz Number Of Processors: 1 Total Number Of Cores: 2 L2 Cache (per core): 256 KB L3 Cache: 4 MB Memory: 4 GB Processor Interconnect Speed: 4.8 GT/s Boot ROM Version: MBP61.0057.B0C SMC Version (system): 1.58f16 Sudden Motion Sensor: State: Enabled On the laptop, I find: $ codesign -vvv /usr/bin/ssh /usr/bin/ssh: valid on disk /usr/bin/ssh: satisfies its Designated Requirement $ codesign -vvv /usr/sbin/sshd /usr/sbin/sshd: valid on disk /usr/sbin/sshd: satisfies its Designated Requirement $ ls -la /usr/bin/ssh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1001520 Feb 11 2010 /usr/bin/ssh $ ls -la /usr/sbin/sshd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1304800 Feb 11 2010 /usr/sbin/sshd $ ls -la /sbin/md5 -r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 65232 May 18 2009 /sbin/md5 Update So far I have not gotten an answer about this question, but if you could help by increasing the number of hashes that I can compare against, that would be great. To get hashes, and version numbers, run the following on osx: md5 /usr/bin/ssh md5 /usr/sbin/sshd ssh -V sw_vers

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  • Local, Multiple-Blog (ie Dashboard) Blogging Software as Alternative to Blogger [closed]

    - by Synetech inc.
    FOR RE-OPENING: I don’t see how it is “too localized”. Plenty of people like to run their own web-apps instead of relying on third-party services. If that were not true, then WordPress, phpBB, Apache, PHP, etc. would not be available for general use. As for “Internet audience at large”, I must have missed the part where it was a rule that you are only allowed to ask for help for things that applies to everyone else too; I thought you were allowed to ask for help. Besides, if someone knows of software that fulfills the question, then it is relevant to whomever would download it, and so is not only applicable to an “extraordinarily narrow situation”. (Besides, the reason that I was asking was because Google had announced that it was discontinuing FTP support for Blogger and so many people were affected—read NOT TOO LOCALIZED—and were trying to find alternatives.) Hi, I am trying to find software (for Windows, PHP, MySQL/SQLite/flat, free, open-source) to localize all of my software and service so that I can keep my files and host when needed from my own system instead of some remote computer. I’ve already selected things like web, FTP, and db servers. I’ve chosen forum and wiki software, as well as an RCS system. At this point, all I’m still looking for—actually, I still need to choose bug-tracking software, but besides that—is blogging software. I still use Blogger and am trying to find something that I can use to import my Blogger stuff and store on (and publish to) my home system. I have read of various blogging software including WordPress, MovableType, and TextPattern. The problem is that I am trying to find something that is like Blogger (which from what I can tell is not available on Google Code as open-source). What I specifically need is multiple-blog support. That is, multiple blogs ala the Blogger Dashboard, not multiple user accounts (although that is important as well). The closest thing that I have been able to find is using Wordpress categories to simulate multiple blogs, but that’s not really what I want. I want software that I can run locally that has a multi-blog dashboard like Blogger. Any ideas? Thanks a lot!

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  • MD3200 - 3 to 4x less throughput than MD1220. Am I missing something here?

    - by Igor Polishchuk
    I have two R710 servers with similar configuration. One in my office has MD1220 attached. Another one in the datacenter of my hosting services vendor has MD3200. I'm getting significantly worse throughput from MD3200 at my vendors setup. I'm mostly interested in sequential writes, and I'm getting these results in bonnie++ and dd tests: Seq. writes on MD1220 in my office: 1.1 GB/s - bonnie++, 1.3GB/s - dd Seq. writes on MD3200 at my vendor's: 240MB/s - bonnie++, 310MB/s - dd Unfortunately, I could not test the exactly the same configurations, but the two I have should be comparable. If anything, my good performing environment is cheaper than the bad performing. I expect at least similar throughput from these two setups. My vendor cannot really help me. Hopefully, somebody more familiar with the DAS performance can look at it and tell if I'm missing something here and my expectations are too high. To summarize, the question here is it reasonable to expect about 100MB/s of sequential write throughput per each couple of drives in RAID10 on MD3200? Is there any trick to enable such performance in MD3200 with dual controller as opposed to simple MD1220 with a single H800 adapter? More details about the configurations: A good one in my office: Dell R710 2CPU X5650 @ 2.67GHz 12 cores 96GB DDR3, OS: RHEL 5.5, kernel 2.6.18-194.26.1.el5 x86_64 20x300GB 2.5" SAS 10K in a single RAID10 1MB chunk size on MD1220 + Dell H800 I/O controller with 1GB cache in the host Not so good one at my vendor's: Dell R710 2CPU L5520 @ 2.27GHz 8 cores 144GB DDR3, OS: RHEL 5.5, kernel 2.6.18-194.11.4.el5 x86_64 20x146GB 2.5" SAS 15K in a single RAID10 512KB chunk size, Dell MD3200, 2 I/O controllers in array with 1GB cache each Additional information. I've also ran the same tests on the same vendor's host, but the storage was: two raids of 14x146GB 15K RPM drives RAID 10, striped together on the OS level on MD3000+MD1000. The performance was about 25% worse than on MD3200 despite having more drives. When I ran similar tests on the internal storage of my vendor's host (2x146GB 15K RPM drives RAID1, Perc 6i) I've got about 128MB/s seq. writes. Just two internal drives gave me about a half of 20 drives' throughput on MD3200. The random I/O performance of the MD3200 setup is ok, it gives me at least 1300 IOPS. I'm mostly have problems with sequentioal I/O throughput. Thank you for looking into it. Regards Igor

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  • Indirect Postfix bounces create new user directories

    - by hheimbuerger
    I'm running Postfix on my personal server in a data centre. I am not a professional mail hoster and not a Postfix expert, it is just used for a few domains served from that server. IIRC, I mostly followed this howto when setting up Postfix. Mails addressed to one of the domains the server manages are delivered locally (/srv/mail) to be fetched with Dovecot. Mails to other domains require usage of SMTPS. The mailbox configuration is stored in MySQL. The problem I have is that I suddenly found new mailboxes being created on the disk. Let's say I have the domain 'example.com'. Then I would have lots of new directories, e.g. /srv/mail/example.com/abenaackart /srv/mail/example.com/abenaacton etc. There are no entries for these addresses in my database, neither as a mailbox nor as an alias. It's clearly spam from auto-generated names. Most of them start with 'a', a few with 'b' and a couple of random ones with other letters. At first I was afraid of an attack, but all security restrictions seem to work. If I try to send mail to these addresses, I get an "Recipient address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table" during the 'RCPT TO' stage. So I looked into the mails stored in these mailboxes. Turns out that all of them are bounces. It seems like all of them were sent from a randomly generated name to an alias that really exists on my system, but pointed to an invalid destination address on another host. So Postfix accepted it, then tried to redirect it to another mail server, which rejected it. This bounced back to my Postfix server, which now took the bounce and stored it locally -- because it seemed to be originating from one of the addresses it manages. Example: My Postfix server handles the example.com domain. [email protected] is configured to redirect to [email protected]. [email protected] has since been deleted from the Hotmail servers. Spammer sends mail with FROM:[email protected] and TO:[email protected]. My Postfix server accepts the mail and tries to hand it off to hotmail.com. hotmail.com sends a bounce back. My Postfix server accepts the bounce and delivers it to /srv/mail/example.com/bob. The last step is what I don't want. I'm not quite sure what it should do instead, but creating hundreds of new mailboxes on my disk is not what I want... Any ideas how to get rid of this behaviour? I'll happily post parts of my configuration, but I'm not really sure where to start debugging the problem at this point.

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  • ISAPI filter with LDAP over SSL only works as administrator

    - by Zac
    I have created an ISAPI filter for IIS 6.0 that tries to authenticate against Active directory using LDAP. The filter works fine when authenticating regularly over port 389, but when I try to use SSL, I always get the 0x51 Server Down error at the ldap_connect() call. Even skipping the connect call and using ldap_simple_bind_s() results in the same error. The weird thing is that if I change the app pool identity to the local admin account, then the filter works fine and LDAP over SSL is successful. I created an exe with the same code below and ran it on the server as admin and it works. Using the default NETWORK SERVICE identity for the site's app pool is what seems to be the problem. Any thoughts as to what is happening? I want to use the default identity since I don't want the website to have elevated admin privileges. The server is in a DMZ outside the network and domain where our DCs are that run AD. We have a valid certificate on our DCs for AD as well. Code: // Initialize LDAP connection LDAP * ldap = ldap_sslinit(servers, LDAP_SSL_PORT, 1); ULONG version = LDAP_VERSION3; if (ldap == NULL) { strcpy(error_msg, ldap_err2string(LdapGetLastError())); valid_user = false; } else { // Set LDAP options ldap_set_option(ldap, LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, (void *) &version); ldap_set_option(ldap, LDAP_OPT_SSL, LDAP_OPT_ON); // Make the connection ldap_response = ldap_connect(ldap, NULL); // <-- Error occurs here! // Bind and continue... } UPDATE: I created a new user without admin privileges and ran the test exe as the new user and I got the same Server Down error. I added the user to the Administrators group and got the same error as well. The only user that seems to work with LDAP over SSL authentication on this particular server is administrator. The web server with the ISAPI filter (and where I've been running the test exe) is running Windows Server 2003. The DCs with AD on them are running 2008 R2. Also worth mentioning, we have a WordPress site on the same server that authenticates against LDAP over SSL using PHP (OpenLDAP) and there's no problem there. I have an ldap.conf file that specifies TLS_REQCERT never and the user running the PHP code is IUSR.

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  • TPROXY Not working with HAProxy, Ubuntu 14.04

    - by Nyxynyx
    I'm trying to use HAProxy as a fully transparent proxy using TPROXY in Ubuntu 14.04. HAProxy will be setup on the first server with eth1 111.111.250.250 and eth0 10.111.128.134. The single balanced server has eth1 and eth0 as well. eth1 is the public facing network interface while eth0 is for the private network which both servers are in. Problem: I'm able to connect to the balanced server's port 1234 directly (via eth1) but am not able to reach the balanced server via Haproxy port 1234 (which redirects to 1234 via eth0). Am I missing out something in this configuration? On the HAProxy server The current kernel is: Linux extremehash-lb2 3.13.0-24-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 10 19:11:08 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux The kernel appears to have TPROXY support: # grep TPROXY /boot/config-3.13.0-24-generic CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_TPROXY=m HAProxy was compiled with TPROXY support: haproxy -vv HA-Proxy version 1.5.3 2014/07/25 Copyright 2000-2014 Willy Tarreau <[email protected]> Build options : TARGET = linux26 CPU = x86_64 CC = gcc CFLAGS = -g -fno-strict-aliasing OPTIONS = USE_LINUX_TPROXY=1 USE_LIBCRYPT=1 USE_STATIC_PCRE=1 Default settings : maxconn = 2000, bufsize = 16384, maxrewrite = 8192, maxpollevents = 200 Encrypted password support via crypt(3): yes Built without zlib support (USE_ZLIB not set) Compression algorithms supported : identity Built without OpenSSL support (USE_OPENSSL not set) Built with PCRE version : 8.31 2012-07-06 PCRE library supports JIT : no (USE_PCRE_JIT not set) Built with transparent proxy support using: IP_TRANSPARENT IPV6_TRANSPARENT IP_FREEBIND Available polling systems : epoll : pref=300, test result OK poll : pref=200, test result OK select : pref=150, test result OK Total: 3 (3 usable), will use epoll. In /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg, I've configured a port to have the following options: listen test1235 :1234 mode tcp option tcplog balance leastconn source 0.0.0.0 usesrc clientip server balanced1 10.111.163.76:1234 check inter 5s rise 2 fall 4 weight 4 On the balanced server In /etc/networking/interfaces I've set the gateway for eth0 to be the HAProxy box 10.111.128.134 and restarted networking. auto eth0 eth1 iface eth0 inet static address 111.111.250.250 netmask 255.255.224.0 gateway 111.131.224.1 dns-nameservers 8.8.4.4 8.8.8.8 209.244.0.3 iface eth1 inet static address 10.111.163.76 netmask 255.255.0.0 gateway 10.111.128.134 ip route gives: default via 111.111.224.1 dev eth0 10.111.0.0/16 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.111.163.76 111.111.224.0/19 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 111.111.250.250

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  • Can't install new database in OpenLDAP 2.4 with BDB on Debian

    - by Timothy High
    I'm trying to install an openldap server (slapd) on a Debian EC2 instance. I have followed all the instructions I can find, and am using the recommended slapd-config approach to configuration. It all seems to be just fine, except that for some reason it can't create my new database. ldap.conf.bak (renamed to ensure it's not being used): ########## # Basics # ########## include /etc/ldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/nis.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema pidfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.pid argsfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.args loglevel none modulepath /usr/lib/ldap # modulepath /usr/local/libexec/openldap moduleload back_bdb.la database config #rootdn "cn=admin,cn=config" rootpw secret database bdb suffix "dc=example,dc=com" rootdn "cn=manager,dc=example,dc=com" rootpw secret directory /usr/local/var/openldap-data ######## # ACLs # ######## access to attrs=userPassword by anonymous auth by self write by * none access to * by self write by * none When I run slaptest on it, it complains that it couldn't find the id2entry.bdb file: root@server:/etc/ldap# slaptest -f ldap.conf.bak -F slapd.d bdb_db_open: database "dc=example,dc=com": db_open(/usr/local/var/openldap-data/id2entry.bdb) failed: No such file or directory (2). backend_startup_one (type=bdb, suffix="dc=example,dc=com"): bi_db_open failed! (2) slap_startup failed (test would succeed using the -u switch) Using the -u switch it works, of course. But that merely creates the configuration. It doesn't resolve the underlying problem: root@server:/etc/ldap# slaptest -f ldap.conf.bak -F slapd.d -u config file testing succeeded Looking in the database directory, the basic files are there (with right ownership, after a manual chown), but the dbd file wasn't created: root@server:/etc/ldap# ls -al /usr/local/var/openldap-data total 4328 drwxr-sr-x 2 openldap openldap 4096 Mar 1 15:23 . drwxr-sr-x 4 root staff 4096 Mar 1 13:50 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 3080 Mar 1 14:35 DB_CONFIG -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 24576 Mar 1 15:23 __db.001 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 843776 Mar 1 15:23 __db.002 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 2629632 Mar 1 15:23 __db.003 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 655360 Mar 1 14:35 __db.004 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 4431872 Mar 1 15:23 __db.005 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 32768 Mar 1 15:23 __db.006 -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 2048 Mar 1 15:23 alock (note that, because I'm doing this as root, I had to also change ownership of some of the files created by slaptest) Finally, I can start the slapd service, but it dies in the attempt (text from syslog): Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: @(#) $OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.23 (Jun 15 2011 13:31:57) $#012#011@incagijs:/home/thijs/debian/p-u/openldap-2.4.23/debian/build/servers/slapd Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: config error processing olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config: Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: slapd stopped. Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: connections_destroy: nothing to destroy. I manually checked the olcDatabase={1}bdb file, and it looks fine to my amateur eye. All my specific configs are there. Unfortunately, syslog isn't reporting a specific error in this case (if it were a file permission error, it would say). I've tried uninstalling and reinstalling slapd, changing permissions, Googling my wits out, but I'm tapped out. Any OpenLDAP genius out there would be greatly appreciated!

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  • autocomplete not working on one sever, works on others

    - by dogmatic69
    I have Ubuntu 10.10 x64 and x86 running on various servers and auto complete works on all of them bar one. The issue: apt-<tab> would show a list of options but sudo apt-<tab> would not. After fiddling with it for a few hours i've found that /etc/bash_autocomplete did not exist. on the broken server. Copying the one from a working one it now works. but still not properly. sudo apt-get ins<tab> does not show do anything. listing the files in /etc/bash_autocomplete.d/ on the working server has about 50 files, and the broken one only two or three. i dont think that i can just copy these files though as it might show commands for things that are not even installed. TL;DR autocomplete broken, how can i fix it. Seems like its disabled somewhere, why is this EDIT: Ok, it was not ever installed... $ sudo apt-get install bash-completion Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed bash-completion 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded. Need to get 140kB of archives. After this operation, 1,061kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-updates/main bash-completion all 1:1.2-2ubuntu1.1 [140kB] Fetched 140kB in 0s (174kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package bash-completion. (Reading database ... 23808 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking bash-completion (from .../bash-completion_1%3a1.2-2ubuntu1.1_all.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up bash-completion (1:1.2-2ubuntu1.1) ... its now kinda working, but still wonky... apt-get ins<tab> gives sudo apt-get insserv as the option. also apt-get install php5<tab> gives apt-get install php5/ not php5-* options.

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  • Ubuntu web server 11.10 ftp/server issue

    - by Nate
    I was wondering if I could get some help with FTP, atleast I'm pretty sure it has to do with FTP. Although it could have to do with something else, I'm not 100% sure.. Now, for fare warning, I'm no ubuntu dominator, I'm pretty newb. Anyway, I've attempted to build a webserver to to test php and what not for a site I'm building. Now everything works, the php, the sql etc. By the way, I built this in VMware, so it's virtual, over a network, so I can access stuff from anywhere. I'm in a college right now so yeah. The one problem I have is this. I go into the terminal, and do ifconfig to find my IP. I get it and go to a browser on a different machine and type that IP in. I get the "index of/" page, where I can browse the website I'm making. I can click through folders and what not. I can click on things and they open up. Now lets say I'm working on my desktop and open up an FTP and drag and drop something into there, go to the IP in the browser again and try to open it. I either get "Server error The website encountered an error while retrieving http://my_server_ip/phpinfo.php. It may be down for maintenance or configured incorrectly. Here are some suggestions: Reload this webpage later." or "Forbidden You don't have permission to access /html.html on this server." But, lets say I make it on the server itself, and try, bam, magic it works. I'm sure I set the permissions to let everyone open and view the files, but maybe I didn't? I'm not sure, and this is where I was hoping I could get some help. By the way, I followed a tutorial on changing the www folder (apache) from /var/www to home/"user"/www. I can't recall how I did that, but it's there and my ftp goes to the home/"user"/www folder. But yeah, any and all help is appreciated. Like I said, I'm really new to this, but I do enjoy attempting to make these servers and learning how they work, so it's not like making this webserver is a project for a class, It's just assisting me in testing stuff for another class and possibly other websites later on down the road. Anyway, anyone who decides to help, thanks so much, I'd really appreciate it. Nate. P.S. I'm using Ubuntu 11.10 desktop edition with a LAMP server

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  • Ubuntu 12.04: apt-get "failed to fetch"; apt is trying to fetch via old static IP

    - by gabe
    Sample error: W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/universe/i18n/Translation-en Unable to connect to 192.168.1.70:8118: Now this was working just fine until I changed the IP this morning. I have the server set to a static IP of 10.0.1.70 and for years it has been 192.168.1.70 - the IP apt-get is trying to use right now. I use privoxy and tor thus the 8118 port. Like I said it all worked until I changed the static IP from 192.168.1.70 to 10.0.1.70. I was forced to do so because of router issues. (Long and involved story, I didn't really want to change the IP because I know something like this would happen.) The setup for TOR/Privoxy requires that has you point Privoxy at TOR via 127.0.0.1:9050. Then point curl, etc to Privoxy via $HOME/.bashrc. Typically you would set the listen to IP for Privoxy to 127.0.0.1 but if you want it accessible to the rest of the LAN you set the IP to the server's LAN IP. Which I did a long time ago and was working fine until this morning. I have changed all instances of 192.168.1.70 to 10.0.1.70 in both /etc/privoxy/config and $HOME/.bashrc. What makes this really strange for me is that curl is working fine. I curl icanhazip.com and voila I get a new IP every 10 minutes or so. I curl CNN.com and I get the short but sweet permanently moved to www.cnn.com message I expect. Firefox works fine. Ping works fine. And I've tested all of this via Remote Desktop over my LAN. So the connection appears to be fine for everything except apt. I've also rebooted hoping that would clear 192.168.1.70 from apt. So the connection to the internet and DNS aren't an issue for these programs. And they are, as far as I can tell, using Privoxy/TOR just fine. The real irony here is that I've tried to open up Privoxy to go to Ubuntu's servers directly without going through TOR to speed up the downloads from Ubuntu (did this months ago). So somewhere that I have not been able to find, apt has stored the IP 192.168.1.70. And 192.168.1.70 is no longer valid. Thanks for the help

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  • DNS problems with Google on Windows 7

    - by awishformore
    Hello dear superuser community. I had no idea where to post this because it is a problem that completely baffles me. I have a lot of experience with network configuration, but I am completely out of ideas on how to fix this. I have a Fritz!Box branded router on my ISP 1&1 in Germany. My computer is connected to it with a normal Ethernet cable. I always manually set my IP on the computer and use the Google DNS servers for name resolution. I also tried OpenDNS and the result is the same. With that configuration the following happens: Google search responds with big delay Gmail, Google Calendar & Google Drive requests time out the majority of the time In order to troubleshoot, I set the network connection to DHCP for both IP & DNS. At that point, what happens is the following: Google search times out most of the time Gmail, Google Calendar & Google Drive work most of the time Sometimes, it happens that the sites that time out will come up, but weirdly enough, the pictures on the buttons will be missing. For instance, the magnifying glass on Google will be gone or the circle arrow on Gmail (but all buttons of course). All other websites load just fine - and very quickly. All other network functionality is completely unimpacted. The behaviour of fixed IP & Google DNS vs automatic IP & DNS is easily reproducible. I am going crazy trying to fix this as I have no idea what the hell is going on at this point. Here a list of the things I have tried thus far: Flushed the DNS Tried on different browsers (Works fine on my laptop by the way) Tried disabling Teredo & IPv6 stack Emptied all caches Checked the HOSTS file Rebooted the router Reset the router Reinstalled the network adapter Tracert displayes normal route until timing out at one point Ping usually doesn't work for the unreachable sites either Ran both complete Norton 360 & Kaspersky 2012 scan Ran Kaspersky Virus Removal Tool in safe mode Tried connection in safe mode & networking enabled If you have any ideas, please let me know. I'm getting desperate...

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  • Connectivity issues with dual NIC machine in EC2

    - by Matt Sieker
    I'm trying to get some servers set up in EC2 in a Virtual Private Cloud. To do this, I have two subnets: 10.0.42.0/24 - Public subnet 10.0.83.0/24 - Private subnet To bridge these two, I have a Funtoo instance with a pair of NICs: eth0 10.0.42.10 eth1 10.0.83.10 Which has the following routing table: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.0.83.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.0.83.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 203 0 0 eth1 10.0.42.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 202 0 0 eth0 loopback * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo default 10.0.42.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 default 10.0.42.1 0.0.0.0 UG 202 0 0 eth0 An elastic IP is attached to the eth0 interface, and I can connect to it fine remotely. However, I cannot ping anything in the 10.0.83.0 subnet. For now iptables is not set up on the box, so there's no rules that would get in the way (Eventually this will be managed by Shorewall, but I should get basic connectivity done first) Subnet details from the VPC interface: CIDR: 10.0.83.0/24 Destination Target 10.0.0.0/16 local 0.0.0.0/0 [ID of eth1 on NAT box] Network ACL: Default Inbound: Rule # Port (Service) Protocol Source Allow/Deny 100 ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW * ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 DENY Outbound: Rule # Port (Service) Protocol Destination Allow/Deny 100 ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW * ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 DENY   CIDR: 10.0.83.0/24 VPC: Destination Target 10.0.0.0/16 local 0.0.0.0/0 [Internet Gateway ID] Network ACL: Default (replace) Inbound: Rule # Port (Service) Protocol Source Allow/Deny 100 ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW * ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 DENY Outbound: Rule # Port (Service) Protocol Destination Allow/Deny 100 ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW * ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 DENY I've been trying to work this out most of the evening, but I'm just stuck. I'm either missing something obvious, or am doing something very wrong. I would think I'd be able to ping from either interface on this box without issue. Hopefully some more pairs of eyes on this configuration will help. EDIT: I am an idiot. After I bothered to install nmap to run some more tests, I discover I can see the ports, and connect to them, pings are just being blocked.

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  • IIS6 Virtual Directory 500 Error on Remote Share

    - by David
    We have our servers at the server farm in a domain. Let's call it LIVE. Our developer computers live in a completely separate corporate domain, miles and miles away. Let's call it CORP. We have a large central storage unit (unix) that houses images and other media needed by many webservers in the server farm. The IIS application pools run as (let's say) LIVE\MediaUser and use those credentials to connect to a central storage share as a virtual directory, retrieve the images, and serve them as if they were local on each server. The problem is in development. On my development machine. I log in as CORP\MyName. My IIS 6 application pool runs as Network Service. I can't run it as a user from the LIVE domain because my machine isn't (and can not be) joined to that domain. I try to create a virtual directory, point it to the same network directory, click Connect As, uncheck the "Always use the authenticated user's credentials when validating access to the network directory" checkbox so that I can enter the login info, enter the credentails for LIVE\MediaUser, click OK, verify the password, etc. This doesn't work. I get "HTTP Error 500 - Internal server error" from IIS. The IIS log file reports sc-status = 500, sc-substatus = 16, and sc-win32-status = 1326. The documentation says this means "UNC authorization credentials are incorrect" and the Win32 status means "Logon failure: unknown user name or bad password." This would be all and good if it were anywhere close to accurate. I double- and trouble-checked it. Tried multiple known good logins. The IIS manager allows me to view the file tree in its window, it's only the browser that kicks me out. I even tried going to the virtual directory's Directory Security tab, and under Authentication and Access Control, I tried using the same LIVE domain username for the anonymous access credential. No luck. I'm not trying to run any ASP, ASP.NET, or other dynamic anything out of the virtual directory. I just want IIS to be able to load static images, css, and js files. If anyone has some bright ideas I would be most appreciative!

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  • dnsmasq acts as the DHCP server for selected nodes overriding the existing DHCP server on the same LAN?

    - by user183394
    I am trying to set up a small "lab" at home. Like many modern homes, I have a regular DSL service which comes with a 2Wire 3600HGV router, which acts also as a DHCP server. Since I would like to PXE boot a few computers in my "lab" The 2Wire is inflexible to adjustments that I want to do I have used dnsmasq at work so I would like to use dnsmasq as the DHCP server for the few nodes in my "lab" if feasible. In the dnsmasq man page, there is the following: [...] -K, --dhcp-authoritative (IPv4 only) Should be set when dnsmasq is definitely the only DHCP server on a network. It changes the behaviour from strict RFC compliance so that DHCP requests on unknown leases from unknown hosts are not ignored. This allows new hosts to get a lease without a tedious timeout under all circumstances. It also allows dnsmasq to rebuild its lease database without each client needing to reacquire a lease, if the database is lost. [...] As far as I know, the ISC DHCP server can use the following to do what I would like to accomplish: authoritative; [...] subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { host nb0 { # only give DHCP information to this computer: hardware ethernet e8:9a:8f:17:70:42; fixed-address 192.168.1.10; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option routers 192.168.1.254; option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.254; # Non-essential DHCP options filename "/pxelinux.0"; } [...] But I much prefer dnsmasq's "all-in-one-ness". My question: do I have to couple the -K option with something else? As shown in the example above, the ISC DHCP server requires the mac addresses of managed nodes to be explicitly specified. Does dnsmasq have something similar? FYI, the machine on which I plan to run dnsmasq runs CentOS 6.3 64bit. It has a statically assigned IP address: 192.168.1.3.

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  • Multi-Role Domain Controllers for Small Offices (< 50 clients)

    - by kce
    Warning: I'm a Linux/*NIX admin so this is all new to me. I understand that it's not considered a good idea to have only a single domain controller, and that it is also probably a good idea for a domain controller to only do AD/DHCP/DNS (Here). We have two offices, location A with 30 users and location B with 10 users. Our two offices are separated by a WAN that is not particularly robust so I have be instructed that we need to have standalone services in each office. This means that according to "best practices" we will need to build a domain controller and a separate file server in each office. Again, I am not knowledgeable in the ways of Windows but this seems a little unnecessary for an organization of 40 users. People have commented that I could "get away with" running file services on the domain controller as long as the "load is light". That just seems to generate more questions than it answers. What constitutes light load? What are the potential consequences of mixing these roles? Ideally I would prefer to only have one physical machine at each location. The one in location A (the location with IT staff) can act as the primary domain controller and the one in the smaller office can act as the backup domain controller. If either domain controller fails we can still use the other one for authentication (albeit with some latency) and if the WAN connection fails each office still has access to their respective "local" domain controller. If the file services are ALSO run on each server (and synchronized with something like DFS), a similar arrangement in terms of redundancy can be had without having to purchase, build and install two additional separate servers. It's not that I'm adverse to that (well, any more adverse than I am to whole thing to begin with) but to my simple mind it just seems, well a bit overkill. I can definitely see the benefits of functional separation when we're talking larger organizations, but I need to consider the additional overhead too. None of this excludes having a DRP setup for the domain controller/s. I assume you can lose two domain controllers just as easily as one.

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