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• Reliable way of generating unique hardware ID

  - by mr.b

  Question: what's the best way to accomplish following. I have to come up with unique ID for each networked client, such that: it (ID) should persist once client software is installed on target computer, and should continue to persist if software is re-installed on same computer and same OS installment, it should not change if hardware configuration is modified in most ways (except changing the motherboard) When hard drive with client software installed is cloned to another computer with identical hardware configuration (or, as similar as possible), client software should be aware of that change. A little bit of explanation and some back-story: This question is basically age old question that also touches topic of software copy-protection, as some of mechanisms used in that area are mentioned here. I should be clear at this point that I'm not looking for a copy-protection scheme. Please, read on. :) I'm working on a client-server software that is supposed to work in local network. One of problems I have to solve is to identify each unique client in network (not so much of a problem), so that I can apply certain attributes to every specific client, retain and enforce those attributes during deployment lifetime of a specific client. While I was looking for a solution, I was aware of following: Windows activation system uses some kind of heavy fingerprinting mechanism, that is extremely sensitive to hardware modifications, Disk imaging software copies along all Volume IDs (tied to each partition when formatted), and custom, uniquely generated IDs during installation process, during first run, or in any other way, that is strictly software in its nature, and stored in registry or on hard drive, so it's very easy to confuse two Obvious choice for this kind of problem would be to find out BIOS identifiers (not 100% sure if this is unique through identical motherboard models, though), as that's the only thing I can rely on, that isn't duplicated, transferred by cloning, and that can't be changed (at least not by using some user-space program). Everything else fails as either being not reliable (MAC cloning, anyone?), or too demanding (in terms that it's too sensitive to configuration changes). Am I missing something obvious here? Sub-question that I'd like to ask is, am I doing it correctly, architecture-wise? Perhaps there is a better tool for task that I have to accomplish... Another approach I had in mind is something similar to handshake mechanism, where server maintains internal lookup table of connected client IDs (which can be even completely software-based and non-unique at any given moment), and tells client to come up with different ID during handshake, if duplicate ID is provided upon connection. That approach, unfortunately, doesn't play nicely with one of requirements to tie attributes to specific client during lifetime.

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• Matching blank entries in django queryset for optional field with corresponding ones in a required

  - by gramware

  I have a django queryset in my views whose values I pack before passing to my template. There is a problem when the queryset returns none since associated values are not unpacked. the quersyet is called comments. Here is my views.py def forums(request ): post_list = list(forum.objects.filter(child='0')&forum.objects.filter(deleted='0').order_by('postDate')) user = UserProfile.objects.get(pk=request.session['_auth_user_id']) newpostform = PostForm(request.POST) deletepostform = PostDeleteForm(request.POST) DelPostFormSet = modelformset_factory(forum, exclude=('child','postSubject','postBody','postPoster','postDate','childParentId')) readform = ReadForumForm(request.POST) comments =list( forum.objects.filter(deleted='0').filter(child='1').order_by('childParentId').values('childParentId').annotate(y=Count('childParentId'))) if request.user.is_staff== True : staff = 1 else: staff = 0 staffis = 1 if newpostform.is_valid(): topic = request.POST['postSubject'] poster = request.POST['postPoster'] newpostform.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('/forums') else: newpostform = PostForm(initial = {'postPoster':user.id}) if request.GET: form = SearchForm(request.GET) if form.is_valid(): query = form.cleaned_data['query'] post_list = list((forum.objects.filter(child='0')&forum.objects.filter(deleted='0')&forum.objects.filter(Q(postSubject__icontains=query)|Q(postBody__icontains=query)|Q(postDate__icontains=query)))or(forum.objects.filter(deleted='0')&forum.objects.filter(Q(postSubject__icontains=query)|Q(postBody__icontains=query)|Q(postDate__icontains=query)).values('childParentId'))) if request.method == 'POST': delpostformset = DelPostFormSet(request.POST) if delpostformset.is_valid(): delpostformset.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('/forums') else: delpostformset = DelPostFormSet(queryset=forum.objects.filter(child='0', deleted='0')) """if readform.is_valid(): user=get_object_or_404(UserProfile.objects.all()) readform.save() else: readform = ReadForumForm()""" post= zip( post_list,comments, delpostformset.forms) paginator = Paginator(post, 10) # Show 10 contacts per page # Make sure page request is an int. If not, deliver first page. try: page = int(request.GET.get('page', '1')) except ValueError: page = 1 # If page request (9999) is out of range, deliver last page of results. try: post = paginator.page(page) except (EmptyPage, InvalidPage): post = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages) return render_to_response('forum.html', {'post':post, 'newpostform': newpostform,'delpost':delpostformset, 'username':user.username, 'comments':comments, 'user':user, },context_instance = RequestContext( request )) I realised that the issue was with the comments queryset comments =list( forum.objects.filter(deleted='0').filter(child='1').order_by('childParentId').values('childParentId').annotate(y=Count('childParentId'))) which will only returns values for posts that have comments. so i now need a way to return 0 comments when a value in post-list post_list = list(forum.objects.filter(child='0')&forum.objects.filter(deleted='0').order_by('postDate')) does not have any comments (optional field). Here is my models.py class forum(models.Model): postID = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) postSubject = models.CharField(max_length=100) postBody = models.TextField() postPoster = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile) postDate = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) child = models.BooleanField() childParentId = models.ForeignKey('self',blank=True, null=True) deleted = models.BooleanField() def __unicode__(self): return u' %d' % ( self.postID)

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• request response with activemq - always send double response.

  - by Chris Valley

  Hi, I'm new at activeMq. I tried to create a simple request response like this. public Listener(string destination) { // set factory ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(URL); IConnection connection; try { connection = factory.CreateConnection(); connection.Start(); ISession session = connection.CreateSession(); // create consumer for designated destination IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateConsumer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQQueue(destination)); consumer.Listener += new MessageListener(consumer_Listener); Console.ReadLine(); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString()); throw new Exception("Exception in Listening ", ex); } } The OnMessage static void consumer_Listener(IMessage message) { IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/"); using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection()) { //Create the Session using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession()) { //Create the Producer for the topic/queue // IMessageProducer prod = session.CreateProducer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQTempQueue(message.NMSDestination)); IMessageProducer producer = session.CreateProducer(message.NMSDestination); // Create Response // IMessage response = session.CreateMessage(); ITextMessage response = producer.CreateTextMessage("Replied from VS2010 Test"); //response.NMSReplyTo = new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQQueue("testQ1"); response.NMSCorrelationID = message.NMSCorrelationID; if (message.NMSReplyTo != null) { producer.Send(message.NMSReplyTo, response); Console.WriteLine("Receive: " + ((ITextMessage)message).NMSCorrelationID); Console.WriteLine("Received from : " + message.NMSDestination.ToString()); Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------"); } } } } Every time i tried to send a request to the listener, the response always send repeatedly. The first response will have NMSReplyTo properties while the other not. My workaround to stop this situation by cheking the NMSReplyTo properties if (message.NMSReplyTo != null) { producer.Send(message.NMSReplyTo, response); Console.WriteLine("Receive: " + ((ITextMessage)message).NMSCorrelationID); Console.WriteLine("Received from : " + message.NMSDestination.ToString()); Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------"); } In my understanding, this happened because there was a circular send response in the listener to the same Queue. Could you guys help me how to fix this? Many Thanks, Chris

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• How to construct a flowchart/storyboard in a Func Spec

  - by PeterQ

  Hey I'm a bit embarrassed to write a post on this topic, but I would appreciate the help. At my school, the CS kids (myself included) have created a nice, little program that is built for incoming Chem/Bio students. It consists of several modules that reviews topics they should have a firm grasp on before they start their classes. It's a nice tool since it cuts down on reviewing the material in class but also allows the students to do a quick diagnostic to fix any problems. Now, I'm in charge of constructing a simple interface that reports on the progress of the group and individual students. The interface is pretty simple. It's just a window that pops up, and it has three tabs: the first tab is a "cumulative" report of all of students. The secnod tab has a drop down box that lists the students and once a student is selected, a report for him/her comes up. And the third tab is simply a description of all of the terms used in the 1st and 2nd tabs. Now, I'm trying to be a good CS student and write a func. spec for my interface. My problem comes with the fact that I'd like to insert a little flowchart using Visio. Problem is, and I'm quite embarrassed to admit this, I don't know how to construct the flowchart/storyboard. For instance, I know I start with a "Start/Click Icon" in a rectangle. Then where do I go? Do I draw three arrrows (one going to each tab) and then describing what goes on? In tab one, the only thing that happens is that the user will select a "sort" method in the drop down box. This will sort the list. The End. Similarly, if the user selects the second tab, then he will go to a drop down box with the student names. Selecting a name will bring up student info. And the third tab is just a list of unfamiliar terms coming from the first or second tab. I wanted to storyboard/flowchart what I'm doing, but I'm unclear how to go about it. Any help would be appreciated! (Just to clarify, I'm not having trouble with using Visio, but I don't know how one goes about construct a storyboard or determining the procedure for constructing one)

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• DataTable identity column not set after DataAdapter.Update/Refresh on table with "instead of"-trigge

  - by Arno

  Within our unit tests we use plain ADO.NET (DataTable, DataAdapter) for preparing the database resp. checking the results, while the tested components themselves run under NHibernate 2.1. .NET version is 3.5, SqlServer version is 2005. The database tables have identity columns as primary keys. Some tables apply instead-of-insert/update triggers (this is due to backward compatibility, nothing I can change). The triggers generally work like this: create trigger dbo.emp_insert on dbo.emp instead of insert as begin set nocount on insert into emp ... select @@identity end The insert statement issued by the ADO.NET DataAdapter (generated on-the-fly by a thin ADO.NET wrapper) tries to retrieve the identity value back into the DataRow: exec sp_executesql N' insert into emp (...) values (...); select id, ... from emp where id = @@identity ' But the DataRow's id-Column is still 0. When I remove the trigger temporarily, it works fine - the id-Column then holds the identity value set by the database. NHibernate on the other hand uses this kind of insert statement: exec sp_executesql N' insert into emp (...) values (...); select scope_identity() ' This works, the NHibernate POCO has its id property correctly set right after flushing. Which seems a little bit counter-intuitive to me, as I expected the trigger to run in a different scope, hence @@identity should be a better fit than scope_identity(). So I thought no problem, I will apply scope_identity() instead of @@identity under ADO.NET as well. But this has no effect, the DataRow value is still not updated accordingly. And now for the best part: When I copy and paste those two statements from SqlServer profiler into a Management Studio query (that is including "exec sp_executesql"), and run them there, the results seem to be inverse! There the ADO.NET version works, and the NHibernate version doesn't (select scope_identity() returns null). I tried several times to verify, but to no avail. Of course this just shows the resultset coming from the database, whatever happens inside NHibernate and ADO.NET is another topic. Also, several session properties defined by T-SQL SET are different in the two scenarios (Management Studio query vs. application at runtime) This is a real puzzle to me. I would be happy about any insights on that. Thank you!

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• Using Linq to filter a ComboBox.DataSource ?

  - by Pesche Helfer

  Hi board, in another topic, I've stumbled over this very elegant solution by Darin Dimitrov to filter the DataSource of one ComboBox with the selection of another ComboBox: how to filter combobox in combobox using c# combo2.DataSource = ((IEnumerable<string>)c.DataSource) .Where(x => x == (string)combo1.SelectedValue); I would like to do a similar thing, but intead of filtering by a second combobox, I would like to filter by the text of a TextBox. (Basically, instead of choosing from a second ComboBox, the user simply enters his filter in to a TextBox). However, it turned out to be not as straight forward as I had hoped it would be. I tried stuff as the following, but failed miserably: cbWohndresse.DataSource = ((IEnumerable<DataSet>)ds) .Where(x => x.Tables["Adresse"].Select("AdrLabel LIKE '%TEST%'")); cbWohndresse.DisplayMember = "Adresse.AdrLabel"; cbWohndresse.ValueMember = "Adresse.adress_id"; ds is the DataSet which I would like to use as filtered DataSource. "Adresse" is one DataTable in this DataSet. It contains a DataColumn "AdrLabel". Now I would like to display only those "AdrLabel", which contain the string from the user input. (Currently, %TEST% replaces the textbox.text.) The above code fails because the lambda expression does not return Bool. But I am sure, there are also other problems (which type should I use for IEnumerable? Now it's DataSet, but Darin used String. But how could I convert a DataSet to a string? Yes, I am as much newbyish as it gets, my experience is "void", and publicly so. So please forgive me my rather stupid questions. Your help is greatly appreciated, because I can't solve this on my own (tried hard already). Thank you very much! Pesche P.S. I am only using Linq to achieve an uncomplicated filter for the ComboBox (avoiding a View). The rest is not based on Linq, but on oldstyle Ado.NET (ds is filled by an SqlDataAdapter), if that's of any importance.

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• Event not bubbling in some Browsers when clicked on Flash

  - by 166_MMX

  Environment: Windows 7, Internet Explorer 8, Flash ActiveX 10.1.53.64, wmode=transparent Just wrote a small test page that you can load in IE and Firefox or any other Browser. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Event bubbling test</title> </head> <body onclick="alert('body');" style="margin:0;border-width:0;padding:0;background-color:#00FF00;"> <div onclick="alert('div');" style="margin:0;border-width:0;padding:0;background-color:#FF0000;"> <span onclick="alert('span');" style="margin:0;border-width:0;padding:0;background-color:#0000FF;"> <object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/get/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=7,0,0,0" width="159" height="91" id="flashAbout_small" align="absmiddle"> <param name="movie" value="http://www.adobe.com/swf/software/flash/about/flashAbout_info_small.swf"/> <param name="quality" value="high"/> <param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF"/> <param name="wmode" value="transparent"/> <embed src="http://www.adobe.com/swf/software/flash/about/flashAbout_info_small.swf" quality="high" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="159" height="91" wmode="transparent" name="flashAbout_small" align="absmiddle" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.adobe.com/go/getflashplayer"/> </object> </span> </div> </body> </html> So clicking any colored shape should produce an alert (except for the green one in IE, not sure why but I hope that's off topic and not related to my issue). Clicking the Flash container in Firefox will work Perfectly fine. You should get alert boxes in this order containing: span, div and body. Flash bubbles the event to the HTML. But this is not happening in IE. So why is Flash in IE not bubbling events to HTML? Edit: As mentioned by Andy E this behavior can also bee seen in Google Chrome which to my knowledge is not using ActiveX to embed the flash movie into the page.

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• Use bug tracker to get things done and manage personal tasks?

  - by Frank

  This is slightly off-topic, but can only be answered by programmers and is useful to many programmers: Do you think it is useful to use a bug tracking system to keep track of personal todo items and to Get Things Done? I have not tried that; in fact, I don't have much experience with bug tracking systems. For my todo lists, I have played around with Google Tasks and Remember The Milk, but both of them have shortcomings: Google Tasks: I like that you can create todo lists easily, can reorder items in the list and easily create hierarchies. But it is way too simplistic and does not allow to tag tasks or move tasks from one list to another. Remember The Milk: It is nice and sleek, but you cannot create hierarchies of tasks, cannot arbitrarily reorder tasks and cannot set dependencies of tasks. That's where a bug tracking system should come in: Since I think (maybe too much?) like a programmer, my tasks have a natural hierarchy and a tree of dependencies, like in a Makefile. Here are two examples: The task of writing my thesis is done when several milestones are done. Some of these milestones can run in parallel (writing background chapter, running experiments A, running experiments B), others depend on each other (writing main chapter depends on first getting results from experiments A). The same is true for more personal goals: I want to host a dinner party, which requires finding a good date, finishing the guest list, making invitations, finding nice recipes, cooking, ... For me, all these tasks involve hierarchical dependencies and milestones that bug tracking systems should be able to handle? Here is an article that explains how to do advanced GTD with Remember The Milk, but he has to use several workarounds: (1) add a general tag 'wait' to tasks that are waiting for others to be completed but you cannot enter the IDs of the tasks that they are waiting for, (2) starting some special tasks with "." so that they are at the top of the alphabetically sorted list and signal that others are 'below' it as subgoals. Bug tracking systems should be able to handle these things much more naturally? Does anyone have experience and can recommend a lightweight bug tracking system that might be good for this? Other requirements: Should run as web app, should allow me to tag a task with several tags (like 'work', 'fun', 'short-task', 'errands', ...).

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• How to honor/inherit user's language settings in WinForm app

  - by msorens

  I have worked with globalization settings in the past but not within the .NET environment, which is the topic of this question. What I am seeing is most certainly due to knowledge I have yet to learn so I would appreciate illumination on the following. Setup: My default language setting is English (en-us specifically). I added a second language (Danish) on my development system (WinXP) and then opened the language bar so I could select either at will. I selected Danish on the language bar then opened Notepad and found the language reverted to English on the language bar. I understand that the language setting is per application, so it seemed that Notepad set the default back to English. (I found that strange since Windows and thus Notepad is used all over the world.) Closing Notepad returned the setting on the language bar to Danish. I then launched my open custom WinForm application--which I know does not set the language--and it also reverted from English to Danish when opened, then back to Danish when terminated! Question #1A: How do I get my WinForm application upon launch to inherit the current setting of the language bar? My experiment seems to indicate that each application starts with the system default and requires the user to manually change it once the app is running--this would seem to be a major inconvenience for anyone that wants to work with more than one language! Question #1B: If one must, in fact, set the language manually in a multi-language scenario, how do I change my default system language (e.g. to Danish) so I can test my app's launch in another language? I added a display of the current language in my application for this next experiment. Specifically I set a MouseEnter handler on a label that set its tooltip to CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.Name so each time I mouse over I thought I should see the current language setting. Since setting the language before I launch my app did not work, I launched it then set the language to Danish. I found that some things (like typing in a TextBox) did honor this Danish setting. But mousing over the instrumented label still showed en-us! Question #2A: Why does CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.Name not reflect the change from my language bar while other parts of my app seem to recognize the change? (Trying CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture.Name produced the same result.) Question #2B: Is there an event that fires upon changes on the language bar so I could recognize within my app when the language setting changes?

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• Fluent | Nhibernate multiple inheritance mapping?

  - by Broken Pipe

  I'm trying to map this classes: public interface IBusinessObject { Guid Id { get; set; } } public class Product { public virtual Guid Id { get; set; } public virtual int ProductTypeId { get; set; } } public class ProductWeSell : Product, IBusinessObject { } public class ProductWeDontSell : Product { } Using this Fluent mapping code: public class IBusinessObjectMap : ClassMap<IBusinessObject> { public IBusinessObjectMap() { Id(t => t.Id).GeneratedBy.Guid(); Table("BusinessObject"); } } public class ProductMap : ClassMap<Product> { public ProductMap() { Id(t => t.Id); DiscriminateSubClassesOnColumn("ProductTypeId", "null").Nullable(); } } public class ProductWeSellMap : SubclassMap<ProductWeSell> { public ProductWeSellMap() { DiscriminatorValue(1); KeyColumn("Id"); } } public class ProductWeDontSellMap : SubclassMap<ProductWeDontSell> { public ProductWeDontSellMap() { DiscriminatorValue(2); KeyColumn("Id"); } } But I get {"Duplicate class/entity mapping ProductWeSell"} error. And if we take a look at generated HBM, indeed it's duplicated, but i have no idea how to write this mapping without duplicating it if it's possible at all. Produced hbm: <hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2"> <class xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" name="IBusinessObject" table="BusinessObject"> <joined-subclass name="ProductWeSell" table="ProductWeSell"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping> <hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2"> <class xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" discriminator-value="null" name="Product" table="Product"> <discriminator type="String"> <column name="ProductTypeId" not-null="false" /> </discriminator> <subclass name="ProductWeDontSell" discriminator-value="2" /> <subclass name="ProductWeSell" discriminator-value="1" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping> So far I was unable to figure out how to map this using fluent Nhibernate (i haven't tried mapping this using hmb files). Any help appreciated Fluent or HBM files. The thing I'm trying to solve look identical to this topic: NHibernate inheritance mapping question

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• please explain NHibernate HiLo

  - by Ben

  I'm struggling to get my head round how the HiLo generator works in NHibernate. I've read the explanation here which made things a little clearer. My understanding is that each SessionFactory retrieves the high value from the database. This improves performance because we have access to IDs without hitting the database. The explanation from the above link also states: For instance, supposing you have a "high" sequence with a current value of 35, and the "low" number is in the range 0-1023. Then the client can increment the sequence to 36 (for other clients to be able to generate keys while it's using 35) and know that keys 35/0, 35/1, 35/2, 35/3... 35/1023 are all available. How does this work in a web application as don't I only have one SessionFactory and therefore one hi value. Does this mean that in a disconnected application you can end up with duplicate (low) ids in your entity table? In my tests I used these settings: <id name="Id" unsaved-value="0"> <generator class="hilo"/> </id> I ran a test to save 100 objects. The IDs in my table went from 32768 - 32868. The next hi value was incremented to 2. Then I ran my test again and the Ids were in the range 65536 - 65636. First off, why start at 32768 and not 1, and secondly why the jump from 32868 to 65536? Now I know that my surrogate keys shouldn't have any meaning but we do use them in our application. Why can't I just have them increment nicely like a SQL Server identity field would. Finally can someone give me an explanation of how the max_lo parameter works? Is this the maximum number of low values (entity ids in my head) that can be created against the high value? This is one topic in NHibernate that I have struggled to find documentation for. I read the entire NHibernate in action book and it still doesn't go into how this works in any detail. Thanks Ben

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• Advice on displaying and allowing editing of data using ASP.NET MVC?

  - by Remnant

  I am embarking upon my first ASP.NET MVC project and I would like to get some input on possible ways to display database data and general best practice. In short, the body of my webpage will show data from my database in a table like format, with each table row showing similar data. For example: Name Age Position Date Joined Jon Smith 23 Striker 18th Mar 2005 John Doe 38 Defender 3rd Jan 1988 In terms of functionality, primarily I’d like to give the user the ability to edit the data and, after the edit, commit the edit to the database and refresh the view.The reason I want to refresh the view is because the data is date ordered and I will need to re-sort if the user edits a date field. My main question is what architecture / tools would be best suited to this fulfil my requirements at a high level? From the research I have done so far my initial conclusions were: ADO.NET for data retrieval. This is something I have used before and feel comfortable with. I like the look of LINQ to SQL but don’t want to make the learning curve any steeper for my first outing into MVC land just yet. Partial Views to create a template and then iterate through a datatable that I have pulled back from my database model. jQuery to allow the user to edit data in the table, error check edited data entries etc. Also, my intial view was that caching the data would not be a key requirement here. The only field a user will be able to update is the field and, if they do, I will need to commit that data to the database immediately and then refresh the view (as the data is date sorted). Any thoughts on this? Alternatively, I have seen some jQuery plug-ins that emulate a datagrid and provide associated functionality. My first thoughts are that I do not need all the functionality that comes with these plug-ins (e.g. zebra striping, ability to sort by column using sort glyph in column headers etc .) and I don’t really see any benefit to this over and above the solution I have outlined above. Again, is there reason to reconsider this view? Finally, when a user edits a date , I will need to refresh the view. In order to do this I had been reading about Html.RenderAction and this seemed like it may be a better option than using Partial Views as I can incorporate application logic into the action method. Am I right to consider Html.RenderAction or have I misunderstood its usage? Hope this post is clear and not too long. I did consider separate posts for each topic (e.g. Partial View vs. Html.RenderAction, when to use jQury datagrid plug-in) but it feels like these issues are so intertwined that they need to be dealt with in contect of each other. Thanks

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• do you want try ? [closed]

  - by gemxia

  Only with time and hard work, that can you get an IT certification. Although there are hundreds of certifications for you to pick from, the basic steps to get certified are the same. The following steps are certain to clear your puzzles about the preparation process of your <. The first step to take is choosing a certification. It is simple but at the same time very important. Make sure to choose the certifications that are respected in your industries. The second step you should take is to evaluate your experience. Find out what skills and experience the IBM certification is expecting. Then, decide what type of training is suitable for you. Preparation books will certainly not make you an expert in subjects you’re not already an expert in. But, for the subject areas you know little or nothing about, a study guide provides you clues and guidance about what the important information from those subjects is when it comes to passing the Examkiller IBM examination exam. Visit certification forums during your 000-M62 certification exam preparation. In this way, you can learn from others’ mistakes and example, meanwhile help your own studies. Achieving your goals without proper training is a sure road to failure. Knowing about a topic and having special expertise in it are completely different. One cannot be an expert in the IT industry without the proper foundation. Taking a training class for Examkiller IBM exam might be a guaranteed way. When the economy dips and budgets get tightened, one of the first things to go from corporate spending is training. There are plenty of courses, boot camps and cram sessions that promise to prepare you for the IBM exam, but they are exceptionally expensive. As much as possible, for your own benefit, you should look for resources that are free. Vendor of IBM offers free resource in their sites. These practice exams are the closest to the real exams. If you think that you have got ready for the exam, you can take the fourth now, which is registering your exam. Even if you have passed your <, yet you can’t relax, since there are still so many certifications ahead. If you have just memorized some questions and answers, excepting a fluke, then, don’t take the IBM test exam, until you really have the experience and skills the certification requires.

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• GOTO still considered harmful?

  - by Kyle Cronin

  Everyone is aware of Dijkstra's Letters to the editor: go to statement considered harmful (also here .html transcript and here .pdf) and there has been a formidable push since that time to eschew the goto statement whenever possible. While it's possible to use goto to produce unmaintainable, sprawling code, it nevertheless remains in modern programming languages. Even the advanced continuation control structure in Scheme can be described as a sophisticated goto. What circumstances warrant the use of goto? When is it best to avoid? As a followup question: C provides a pair of functions, setjmp and longjmp, that provide the ability to goto not just within the current stack frame but within any of the calling frames. Should these be considered as dangerous as goto? More dangerous? Dijkstra himself regretted that title, of which he was not responsible for. At the end of EWD1308 (also here .pdf) he wrote: Finally a short story for the record. In 1968, the Communications of the ACM published a text of mine under the title "The goto statement considered harmful", which in later years would be most frequently referenced, regrettably, however, often by authors who had seen no more of it than its title, which became a cornerstone of my fame by becoming a template: we would see all sorts of articles under the title "X considered harmful" for almost any X, including one titled "Dijkstra considered harmful". But what had happened? I had submitted a paper under the title "A case against the goto statement", which, in order to speed up its publication, the editor had changed into a "letter to the Editor", and in the process he had given it a new title of his own invention! The editor was Niklaus Wirth. A well thought out classic paper about this topic, to be matched to that of Dijkstra, is Structured Programming with go to Statements (also here .pdf), by Donald E. Knuth. Reading both helps to reestablish context and a non-dogmatic understanding of the subject. In this paper, Dijkstra's opinion on this case is reported and is even more strong: Donald E. Knuth: I believe that by presenting such a view I am not in fact disagreeing sharply with Dijkstra's ideas, since he recently wrote the following: "Please don't fall into the trap of believing that I am terribly dogmatical about [the go to statement]. I have the uncomfortable feeling that others are making a religion out of it, as if the conceptual problems of programming could be solved by a single trick, by a simple form of coding discipline!"

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• Is it worth moving from stored procedures to linq ?

  - by Josef

  I'm looking at standardizing programming in an organisaiton. Half uses stored procedures and the other half Linq. From what i've read there is still some debate going on on this topic. My concern is that MS is trying to slip in it's own proprietry query language 'linq' to make SQL redundant. If a few years back microsoft had tried to win customers from oracle and sybase with their MSSQL database and stated that it didn't use SQL by their own proprietry query langues ie linq. I doubt many would have switched. I believe that is exactly what is happening now by introducting it into the applicaiton business layer. I have used MS for many years but there is one gripe that I have with them and that is that they change their direction a lot. By a lot I mean new releases of .net, silverlight etc are more than 30% different from previous version. So by the time you become productive a new release is on the way. As things stand now a web developer using .net would need to know either vb.net or c#, xml, xaml,javascript,html, sql and now linq. That doesn't make for good productivity in my books. My concern is that once we all start using linq MS will start changing it between releases. and it will become an ever changing landscape. I believe that 'linq to sql' has already been deprecated. At leas with SQL we are dealing with a more stable and standardized language. Are we looking at a programming revolution or a marketing campaign? As far as I know other languages like Cobol have stayed the same for years. A cobol program from 20 years ago could pick up todays code and start working on it. Could a Vb3 person work on a modern .net web app ? Would these large changes need to be made if the underlying original foundation had been sound ? I worry about following MS shaking roadmap with it's deadends and double backs. are there any architects out there who feel the same ? regards Josef

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• Getting results in a result set from dynamic SQL in Oracle

  - by msorens

  This question is similar to a couple others I have found on StackOverflow, but the differences are signficant enough to me to warrant a new question, so here it is: I want to obtain a result set from dynamic SQL in Oracle and then display it as a result set in a SqlDeveloper-like tool, just as if I had executed the dynamic SQL statement directly. This is straightforward in SQL Server, so to be concrete, here is an example from SQL Server that returns a result set in SQL Server Management Studio or Query Explorer: EXEC sp_executesql N'select * from countries' Or more properly: DECLARE @stmt nvarchar(100) SET @stmt = N'select * from countries' EXEC sp_executesql @stmt The question "How to return a resultset / cursor from a Oracle PL/SQL anonymous block that executes Dynamic SQL?" addresses the first half of the problem--executing dynamic SQL into a cursor. The question "How to make Oracle procedure return result sets" provides a similar answer. Web search has revealed many variations of the same theme, all addressing just the first half of my question. I found this post explaining how to do it in SqlDeveloper, but that uses a bit of functionality of SqlDeveloper. I am actually using a custom query tool so I need the solution to be self-contained in the SQL code. This custom query tool similarly does not have the capability to show output of print (dbms_output.put_line) statements; it only displays result sets. Here is yet one more possible avenue using 'execute immediate...bulk collect', but this example again renders the results with a loop of dbms_output.put_line statements. This link attempts to address the topic but the question never quite got answered there either. Assuming this is possible, I will add one more condition: I would like to do this without having to define a function or procedure (due to limited DB permissions). That is, I would like to execute a self-contained PL/SQL block containing dynamic SQL and return a result set in SqlDeveloper or a similar tool. So to summarize: I want to execute an arbitrary SQL statement (hence dynamic SQL). The platform is Oracle. The solution must be a PL/SQL block with no procedures or functions. The output must be generated as a canonical result set; no print statements. The output must render as a result set in SqlDeveloper without using any SqlDeveloper special functionality. Any suggestions?

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• Which StackOverflow-style MarkDown (WMD) javascript editor should I use?

  - by Edan Maor

  Background I'm working on an application which requires user-entered content, and I've decided to use a StackOverflow-style MarkDown editor. After researching this topic for the last few days, I realize there are numerous forks of the base WMD editor, some with a few basic enhancements and some with serious differences from the StackOverflow one. Since this will be the heart of the application, I'd like to start with the best code base I can. I'd be happy if anyone can recommend which one of the many solutions out there best fits my needs. Below is requirements, plus what I've managed to find already. I'm hoping this question will help me decide which version to go with, and maybe help me discover a port out there that's an even better fit for my needs. The requirements for my project Live Preview Multiple editors on the same page (not know how many in advance, since the user can dynamically add another editing box). Ability to extend with extra buttons (I'd like a button to upload a picture, instead of just adding an img url). Ability to dynamically show/hide the edit box (and only see the preview box). Not an absolute must, but I'd prefer to stick as close to StackOverflow's look and feel, since it's well known. Don't know if this matters, but the backend is written in Django. Editors I've looked at Here are a few of the code bases I've looked at, with thoughts. Obviously, I might be missing another solution out there. The derobins version. From what I can tell, this is the official StackOverflow version. Seems like it doesn't support multiple editors on one page. JQuery.MarkEdit. Looks very good, but is pretty different from the StackOverflow version. MooWMD. Looks like the winner right now, but I'm a little concerned since it looks less active/hackable than MarkEdit. The wmd-new version. Not sure, looks like an old codebase without much use. The SocialSite branch. Seems like it's not for public use.

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• Flex+JPA/Hibernate+BlazeDS+MySQL how to debug this monster?!

  - by Zenzen

  Ok so I'm making a "simple" web app using the technologies from the topic, recently I found http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flex/articles/flex_hibernate.html so I'm following it and I try to apply it to my app, the only difference being I'm working on a Mac and I'm using MAMP for the database (so no command line for me). The thing is I'm having some trouble with retrieving/connecting to the database. I have the remoting-config.xml, persistance.xml, a News.java class (my Entity), a NewsService.java class, a News.as class - all just like in the tutorial. I have of course this line in one of my .mxmls: <mx:RemoteObject id="loaderService" destination="newsService" result="handleLoadResult(event)" fault="handleFault(event)" showBusyCursor="true" /> And my remoting-config.xml looks like this (well part of it): <destination id="newsService"> <properties><source>com.gamelist.news.NewsService</source></properties> </destination> NewsService has a method: public List<News> getLatestNews() { EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(PERSISTENCE_UNIT); EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager(); Query findLatestQuery = em.createNamedQuery("news.findLatest"); List<News> news = findLatestQuery.getResultList(); return news; } And the named query is in the News class: @Entity @Table(name="GLT_NEWS") @NamedQueries({ @NamedQuery(name="news.findLatest", query="from GLT_NEWS order by new_date_added limit 5 ") }) The handledLoadResult looks like this: private function handleLoadResult(ev:ResultEvent):void { newsList = ev.result as ArrayCollection; newsRecords = newsList.length; } Where: [Bindable] private var newsList:ArrayCollection = new ArrayCollection(); But when I try to trigger: loaderService.getLatestNews(); nothing happens, newsList is empty. Few things I need to point out: 1) as I said I didn't install mysql manually, but I'm using MAMP (yes, the server's running), could this cause some trouble? 2) I already have a "gladm" database and I have a "GLT_NEWS" table with all the fields, is this bad? Basically the question is how am I suppose to debug this thing so I can find the mistake I'm making? I know that loadData() is executed (did a trace()), but I have no idea what happens with loaderService.getLatestNews()... @EDIT: ok so I see I'm getting an error in the "fault handler" which says "Error: Client.Error.MessageSend - Channel.Connect.Failed error NetConnection.Call.Failed: HTTP: Status 404: url: 'http://localhost:8080/WebContent/messagebroker/amf' - "

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• Trouble using CollectionViewSource in Silverlight

  - by Johnny

  Hi, I having some trouble when implementing the CollectionViewSource in silverlight. I'm new in this topic, so basically I've been following what I find searching through the web. Here's what I've been trying to do so far. I'm creating a CollectionViewSource in the resources tag: <UserControl.Resources> <CollectionViewSource x:Key="TestCVS"> <CollectionViewSource.SortDescriptions> <scm:SortDescription PropertyName="Value" Direction="Ascending" /> </CollectionViewSource.SortDescriptions> </CollectionViewSource> </UserControl.Resources> Then I'm binding my TestCVS in a HierarchicalDataTemplate: <common:HierarchicalDataTemplate ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource TestCVS}}"> <common:HierarchicalDataTemplate.ItemTemplate> <common:HierarchicalDataTemplate> <Border BorderBrush="#FF464646" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="3" Padding="5"> <Grid> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition /> <RowDefinition /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Left"> <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="{Binding MyClassField}"/> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Border> </common:HierarchicalDataTemplate> </common:HierarchicalDataTemplate.ItemTemplate> </common:HierarchicalDataTemplate> Now, in the code behind I'm assigning the Source for the TestCVS in a property, like this: private ObservableCollection<MyClass> _MyClass; public ObservableCollection<MyClass> MyClass { get { return _MyClass; } set { var testCVS = (this.Resources["TestCVS"] as CollectionViewSource); if (testCVS != null) testCVS.Source = value; } } After testing this I realize that the information is not showing on screen and I don't really know why, can anyone help me on this matter? Hope this makes any sense, thanks in advance!

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• How to write this Linq SQL as a Dynamic Query (using strings)?

  - by Dr. Zim

  Skip to the "specific question" as needed. Some background: The scenario: I have a set of products with a "drill down" filter (Query Object) populated with DDLs. Each progressive DDL selection will further limit the product list as well as what options are left for the DDLs. For example, selecting a hammer out of tools limits the Product Sizes to only show hammer sizes. Current setup: I created a query object, sent it to a repository, and fed each option to a SQL "table valued function" where null values represent "get all products". I consider this a good effort, but far from DDD acceptable. I want to avoid any "programming" in SQL, hopefully doing everything with a repository. Comments on this topic would be appreciated. Specific question: How would I rewrite this query as a Dynamic Query? A link to something like 101 Linq Examples would be fantastic, but with a Dynamic Query scope. I really want to pass to this method the field in quotes "" for which I want a list of options and how many products have that option. from p in db.Products group p by p.ProductSize into g select new Category { PropertyType = g.Key, Count = g.Count() } Each DDL option will have "The selection (21)" where the (21) is the quantity of products that have that attribute. Upon selecting an option, all other remaining DDLs will update with the remaining options and counts. Edit: Additional notes: .OrderBy("it.City") // "it" refers to the entire record .GroupBy("City", "new(City)") // This produces a unique list of City .Select("it.Count()") //This gives a list of counts... getting closer .Select("key") // Selects a list of unique City .Select("new (key, count() as string)") // +1 to me LOL. key is a row of group .GroupBy("new (City, Manufacturer)", "City") // New = list of fields to group by .GroupBy("City", "new (Manufacturer, Size)") // Second parameter is a projection Product .Where("ProductType == @0", "Maps") .GroupBy("new(City)", "new ( null as string)")// Projection not available later? .Select("new (key.City, it.count() as string)")// GroupBy new makes key an object Product .Where("ProductType == @0", "Maps") .GroupBy("new(City)", "new ( null as string)")// Projection not available later? .Select("new (key.City, it as object)")// the it object is the result of GroupBy var a = Product .Where("ProductType == @0", "Maps") .GroupBy("@0", "it", "City") // This fails to group Product at all .Select("new ( Key, it as Product )"); // "it" is property cast though What I have learned so far is LinqPad is fantastic, but still looking for an answer. Eventually, completely random research like this will prevail I guess. LOL. Edit:

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• Is this way of storing typed objects in memory good?

  - by Pindatjuh

  This is an "is this okay, or can it be done better" question. Topic: Storing typed objects in memory. Background information: I'm building a compiler for the x86-32 platform for my language. My goal includes typed objects. Idea: Every primitive is a semi-class (it can be used as if it was a normal class, but it's stored more compact). Every class is represented by primitives and some meta-data (containing class-properties, inheritance stuff, etc.). The meta-data is complex: it doesn't use fields but instead context-switches. For primitives, the meta-data is very small, compared to a "real" class, which is alot bigger. This enables another idea that "primitives are objects", in my language, which I found nessecairy. Example: If I have an array of 32 booleans, then the pure content of this array is exactly 4 byte (32 bits of booleans). The meta-data will contain flags that the type is an array of booleans, which contains 32 entries. The meta-data is very compacted, on bit-level: using a sort of "packing" mechanism, which is read by a FSM at runtime, when doing inspection of the type (like when passing the object to methods for checking, etc.) For instance (read from left to right, top to bottom, remember vertical possition when going to the right, and check nearest column header for meaning of switch): Primitive? Array? Type-Meta 1 Byte? || Size (1 byte) 1 1 [...] 1 [...] done 0 2 Bytes? || Size (2 bytes) 1 [...] done || Size (4 bytes) 0 [...] done Integer? 1 Byte? 2 Bytes? 0 1 0 1 done 1 done 0 done Boolean? Byte? 0 1 0 done 1 done More-Primitives 0 .... Class-Stuff (Huge) 0 ... (After reaching done the data is inserted. || = byte alignement. [...] is variable sized. ... is not described here, for simplicity. And let's call them cost-based-data-structures.) For an array of 32 booleans containing all true values, the memory for this type would be (read top-down): 1 Primitive 1 Array 1 ArrayType: Primitive 0 Not-Array 0 Not-Integer 1 Boolean 0 Not-Byte (thus bit) 1 Integer Size: 1 Byte 00100000 Array size 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 Data Thus, 8 bytes represent 32 booleans in an array: 11100101 00100000 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 Is this okay, or can it be done better?

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• TinyMCE is modifying the XHTML 1.0 Strict HTML I input. How can I stop it?

  - by Matt

  The code I want to have saved through TinyMCE is as follows: <object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" width="550" height="90" id="homepage-banner"> <param name="movie" value="/images/header.swf" /> <param name="wmode" value="transparent" /> <!--[if !IE]>--> <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="/images/header.swf" width="550" height="90"> <param name="wmode" value="transparent" /> <!--<![endif]--> <img src="/images/header.jpg" width="550" height="90" alt="" border="0" /> <!--[if !IE]>--> </object> <!--<![endif]--> </object> Sadly, what I end up with is: <object data="/images/header.swf" height="90" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="550"> <param name="id" value="homepage-banner" /> <param name="wmode" value="transparent" /> <param name="src" value="/images/header.swf" /> </object> The purpose of the stripped parts of the code is to provide a fallback image if flash is not available on the client. In my tinyMCE.init({ ... }); I am using verify_html: true and valid_elements is set as per this forum topic whereby all valid XHTML 1.0 Strict elements are allowed. I have checked and the above code does comply with the XHTML 1.0 Strict standard. I have tried just setting verify_html to false but it had no effect. How can TinyMCE be configured to leave my HTML alone?!

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• Hidden Features of PHP?

  - by George Mauer

  EDIT: This didn't really start as a hidden features of PHP topic, but thats what it ended up as, so go nuts. I know this sounds like a point-whoring question but let me explain where I'm coming from. Out of college I got a job at a PHP shop. I worked there for a year and a half and thought that I had learned all there was to learn about programming. Then I got a job as a one-man internal development shop at a sizable corporation where all the work was in C#. In my commitment to the position I started reading a ton of blogs and books and quickly realized how wrong I was to think I knew everything. I learned about unit testing, dependency injection and decorator patterns, the design principle of loose coupling, the composition over inheritance debate, and so on and on and on - I am still very much absorbing it all. Needless to say my programming style has changed entirely in the last year. Now I find myself picking up a php project doing some coding for a friend's start-up and I feel completely constrained as opposed to programming in C#. It really bothers me that all variables at a class scope have to be referred to by appending '$this-' . It annoys me that none of the IDEs that I've tried have very good intellisense and that my SimpleTest unit tests methods have to start with the word 'test'. It drives me crazy that dynamic typing keeps me from specifying implicitly which parameter type a method expects, and that you have to write a switch statement to do method overloads. I can't stand that you can't have nested namespaces and have to use the :: operator to call the base class's constructor. Now I have no intention of starting a PHP vs C# debate, rather what I mean to say is that I'm sure there are some PHP features that I either don't know about or know about yet fail to use properly. I am set in my C# universe and having trouble seeing outside the glass bowl. So I'm asking, what are your favorite features of PHP? What are things you can do in it that you can't or are more difficult in the .Net languages?

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• how to predict which section have to put in critical section in threading

  - by Lalit Dhake

  Hi , I am using the console application i used multi threading in the same. I just want to know which section have to put inside critical section my code is : .------------------------------------------------------------------------------. public class SendBusReachSMS { public void SchedularEntryPoint() { try { List<ActiveBusAndItsPathInfo> ActiveBusAndItsPathInfoList = BusinessLayer.GetActiveBusAndItsPathInfoList(); if (ActiveBusAndItsPathInfoList != null) { //SMSThreadEntryPoint smsentrypoint = new SMSThreadEntryPoint(); while (true) { foreach (ActiveBusAndItsPathInfo ActiveBusAndItsPathInfoObj in ActiveBusAndItsPathInfoList) { if (ActiveBusAndItsPathInfoObj.isSMSThreadActive == false) { DateTime CurrentTime = System.DateTime.Now; DateTime Bustime = Convert.ToDateTime(ActiveBusAndItsPathInfoObj.busObj.Timing); TimeSpan tsa = Bustime - CurrentTime; if (tsa.TotalMinutes > 0 && tsa.TotalMinutes < 5) { ThreadStart starter = delegate { SMSThreadEntryPointFunction(ActiveBusAndItsPathInfoObj); }; Thread t = new Thread(starter); t.Start(); t.Join(); } } } } } } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine("==========================================="); Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); Console.WriteLine(ex.InnerException); Console.WriteLine("==========================================="); } } public void SMSThreadEntryPointFunction(ActiveBusAndItsPathInfo objActiveBusAndItsPathInfo) { try { //mutThrd.WaitOne(); String consoleString = "Thread for " + objActiveBusAndItsPathInfo.busObj.Number + "\t" + " on path " + "\t" + objActiveBusAndItsPathInfo.pathObj.PathId; Console.WriteLine(consoleString); TrackingInfo trackingObj = new TrackingInfo(); string strTempBusTime = objActiveBusAndItsPathInfo.busObj.Timing; while (true) { trackingObj = BusinessLayer.get_TrackingInfoForSendingSMS(objActiveBusAndItsPathInfo.busObj.Number); if (trackingObj.latitude != 0.0 && trackingObj.longitude != 0.0) { //calculate distance double distanceOfCurrentToDestination = 4.45; TimeSpan CurrentTime = System.DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay; TimeSpan timeLimit = objActiveBusAndItsPathInfo.sessionInTime - CurrentTime; if ((distanceOfCurrentToDestination <= 5) && (timeLimit.TotalMinutes <= 5)) { Console.WriteLine("Message sent to bus number's parents: " + objActiveBusAndItsPathInfo.busObj.Number); break; } } } // mutThrd.ReleaseMutex(); } catch (Exception ex) { //throw; Console.WriteLine("==========================================="); Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); Console.WriteLine(ex.InnerException); Console.WriteLine("==========================================="); } } } Please help me in multithreading. new topic for me in .net

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• Constraint Satisfaction Problem

  - by Carl Smotricz

  I'm struggling my way through Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach in order to alleviate my natural stupidity. In trying to solve some of the exercises, I've come up against the "Who Owns the Zebra" problem, Exercise 5.13 in Chapter 5. This has been a topic here on SO but the responses mostly addressed the question "how would you solve this if you had a free choice of problem solving software available?" I accept that Prolog is a very appropriate programming language for this kind of problem, and there are some fine packages available, e.g. in Python as shown by the top-ranked answer and also standalone. Alas, none of this is helping me "tough it out" in a way as outlined by the book. The book appears to suggest building a set of dual or perhaps global constraints, and then implementing some of the algorithms mentioned to find a solution. I'm having a lot of trouble coming up with a set of constraints suitable for modelling the problem. I'm studying this on my own so I don't have access to a professor or TA to get me over the hump - this is where I'm asking for your help. I see little similarity to the examples in the chapter. I was eager to build dual constraints and started out by creating (the logical equivalent of) 25 variables: nationality1, nationality2, nationality3, ... nationality5, pet1, pet2, pet3, ... pet5, drink1 ... drink5 and so on, where the number was indicative of the house's position. This is fine for building the unary constraints, e.g. The Norwegian lives in the first house: nationality1 = { :norway }. But most of the constraints are a combination of two such variables through a common house number, e.g. The Swede has a dog: nationality[n] = { :sweden } AND pet[n] = { :dog } where n can range from 1 to 5, obviously. Or stated another way: nationality1 = { :sweden } AND pet1 = { :dog } XOR nationality2 = { :sweden } AND pet2 = { :dog } XOR nationality3 = { :sweden } AND pet3 = { :dog } XOR nationality4 = { :sweden } AND pet4 = { :dog } XOR nationality5 = { :sweden } AND pet5 = { :dog } ...which has a decidedly different feel to it than the "list of tuples" advocated by the book: ( X1, X2, X3 = { val1, val2, val3 }, { val4, val5, val6 }, ... ) I'm not looking for a solution per se; I'm looking for a start on how to model this problem in a way that's compatible with the book's approach. Any help appreciated.

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