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• Tar exclude not working?

  - by Andrew Fashion

  tar -cvf file.tar --exclude=thumbs/ \ --exclude=uploads_event/ \ --exclude=uploads_forum/ \ --exclude=uploads_admin/ \ --exclude=uploads_userpoints/ \ --exclude=uploads_group/ \ --exclude=up_old/ \ --exclude=uploads_user/ \ --exclude=uploads_wall/ \ directory_to_tar/ Do I have it wrong? Trying to tar entire directory but exclude all those directories and any files in those folders completely.

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• rsync general question

  - by CaptnLenz

  I'm trying to use rsync. At first, everything looks very good: rsync -Pniahv -e ssh /home/xxx/Videos/ [email protected]:"/shares/Public/Shared\ Videos/" --stats ... <f+++++++++ Serien/blah.avi <f+++++++++ Serien/blah S01E01 <f+++++++++ Serien/blah - S01E02 <f+++++++++ Serien/blah - S01E03 <f+++++++++ Serien/blah - S01E04 <f+++++++++ Serien/blah - S01E05 <f+++++++++ Serien/blah - S01E06 <f+++++++++ Serien/blah - S01E07 ... Number of files: 232 Number of files transferred: 223 Total file size: 118.24G bytes Total transferred file size: 117.51G bytes Literal data: 0 bytes Matched data: 0 bytes File list size: 9.46K File list generation time: 0.001 seconds File list transfer time: 0.000 seconds Total bytes sent: 10.18K Total bytes received: 712 After that, i copied some of the files manually and runned rsync again in dry mode: rsync -Pniahv -e ssh /home/xxx/Videos/ [email protected]:"/shares/Public/Shared\ Videos/" --stats ... <f..tpo.... Serien/blah.avi <f..tpo.... Serien/blah S01E01 <f..tpo.... Serien/blah - S01E02 <f..tpo.... Serien/blah - S01E03 <f..tpo.... Serien/blah - S01E04 <f..tpo.... Serien/blah - S01E05 <f..tpo.... Serien/blah - S01E06 <f..tpo.... Serien/blah - S01E07 ... Number of files: 232 Number of files transferred: 223 Total file size: 118.24G bytes Total transferred file size: 117.51G bytes Literal data: 0 bytes Matched data: 0 bytes File list size: 9.46K File list generation time: 0.001 seconds File list transfer time: 0.000 seconds Total bytes sent: 10.18K Total bytes received: 712 Why hasn't changed something in the --stats, although only the permissions and the timestamp have to be updated and not the full files need to be copied?

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• md5sum repeatedly gives different checksum for same file on same machine

  - by Joel

  I have a very small and quite old hard drive disk, about 32G. On to this disk I have copied a largish tar file, about 5G. When I run md5sum to generate a checksum on this file I repeatedly get different results (on the same machine and the same file). This obviously should not happen. If I repeat the experiment with a much smaller file, as expected the checksum is the same each time. I can only assume that because the large file is spanning most of the disk, and it is an old drive, I am experiencing a lot of read errors on the hard drive - and it needs replacing? Could there be any other good reason for this? Something I can do to fix the problem other than buying a new disk? Update: sha1sum also produces inconsistent results.

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• Debian tuning for increasing read/write buffer.

  - by Claudiu

  Is there a way to modify Debian settings so the memory could be used more for disk read/write caching ? I am already using RAID 0 but thats not enough for multiple users, and the disk is almost struggled. Torrents use the disk very much and rTorrent doesn't have cache settings.

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• hosts file seems to be ignored

  - by z4y4ts

  I have almost fresh Ubuntu desktop box. OS was installed two weeks ago and updated from karmic repositories. Last week I had no problems with DNS. But this week something had changed. I'm not sure what and when, and not sure whether I changed any configs. So now I have some really weird situation. According to logs name resolving should work normally. /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost test 127.0.1.1 desktop /etc/host.conf order hosts,bind multi on /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager search search servers obtained via DHCP nameserver 192.168.0.3 /etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: compat group: compat shadow: compat hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4 networks: files protocols: db files services: db files ethers: db files rpc: db files netgroup: nis But if fact it is not. user@test ~ping test PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. [skip] Pinging is ok. user@test ~host test test.mydomain.com has address xx.xxx.161.201 But pure I suspect that NetworkManager might cause this misbehavior, but don't know where to start to check it. Any thoughts, suggestions?

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• Limit download usage for clients

  - by Kumar P

  i am maintaining few windows xp machines under rhel 5 . i want to set quota for download file size. How to do it ? I mean, in lan usar A's maximum donload file size is 300 MB , and user B's maximum download file size in 200 MB. I want to block downloading when user try to download more than 300 MB file.User should not allow to download 300MB file at a time. Or how to set quota for maximum download per day, is there possible to do it ? How can i do this ?

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• Does mailx send mail using an SMTP relay or does it directly connect to the target SMTP server?

  - by iamrohitbanga

  Suppose i send a mail using the following the following command: mailx [email protected] then does mailx first try to find out the SMTP server of my ISP for relaying the mail or does it connect directly. Does it depend on whether my PC has a public IP address or it is behind a NAT. How do I check the settings of mailx on my PC? How can I verify this using tcpdump?

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• How do I enable TUN/TAP forwarding?

  - by rafal

  I have a program which writes packets (destination address 10.3.0.2) to the TUN/TAP interface. Network: host1|tun0----eth1(10.3.0.1)|-------------------host2|eth1(10.3.0.2)| Wireshark captures these packets from interface tun0 but they are not forwarded to interface eth1. Commands: sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 sysctl -p iptables -A INPUT -i tun+ -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i tun+ -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i tap+ -j ACCEPT /etc/init.d/networking restart /etc/init.d/openvpn restart

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• How do I setup unison to sync a folder one way

  - by Rob

  I have a 1tb NAS that has a 1tb usb external hard attached I have prepared the file system on the usb disk and mounted it I want to 100% sync my data from my nas to the usb disk - but I want it to be incremental and only have the NAS as the 'master' - eg if a file changes on the usb external hard drive I want it to ignore this change as its not the live version (not that I think the files will change on the usb disk but im paranoid the live could get overwritten) Also if a file gets deleted on live I want to retain the deleted file on the usb disk Can unison sync one-way and achive the above for me? if so with simply unison sorce/ target/ Work? Thanks Rob

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• Dovecot not working pop3 with postfix

  - by samer na

  $ telnet localhost pop3 Trying ::1... Trying 127.0.0.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused $ netstat -l tcp 0 0 *:www : LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost.localdoma:ipp : LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:smtp : LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost.localdo:mysql : LISTEN and nothing about dovecot in mail.log or mail.err when I run this service dovecot start I got start: Rejected send message, 1 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.553" (uid=1000 pid=26250 comm="start) interface="com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6.Job" member="Start" error name="(unset)" requested_reply=0 destination="com.ubuntu.Upstart" (uid=0 pid=1 comm="/sbin/init")) in dovecot.conf protocols = imap imaps pop3 pop3s disable_plaintext_auth = no log_timestamp = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S " mail_location = maildir:/var/spool/mail/%d/%n mail_access_groups = mail first_valid_uid = 106 first_valid_gid = 106 protocol imap { } protocol pop3 { listen=*:110 pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv } protocol lda { postmaster_address = [email protected] mail_plugins = quota log_path = /var/log/dovecot-deliver.log info_log_path = /var/log/dovecot-deliver.log } auth default { mechanisms = digest-md5 plain passdb sql { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf } userdb sql { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf } user = root }

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• List of common ways those could shut down server unexpectedly ?

  - by SpawnCxy

  After running a bash fork bomb which made my webserver down, I think I should be more careful even not under root.I thought it would be totally fine while I'm not under root.So I ignored the warning and ran the bash fork bomb which is :() { :|:& }; : .(Please don't run it if u don't understand this code cuz it will make you system down).And I think I need a list of common ways those could cause a sever shutting down unexpectly even not under root. Any suggestion would be appreciated. Regards `

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• Apache heavy load VIRT vs RES memory

  - by pako

  I have a Debian 5 server, which gets a lot of traffic. Right now the server has 4 GB of RAM and no swap memory. I see in top that Apache processes consume roughly 180 MB virtual memory (VIRT) each, and 16 MB of real RAM (RES). So how many Apache threads can I have running at the same time? About 4 GB / 180 MB = 22 or 4 GB / 16 MB = 256?

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• Server with multiple IP addresses?

  - by RadiantHex

  Hi folks, just wondering how it is actually possible to have a server with multiple IPs I have a python script, and would like to be able to use different IP addresses for different requests. Is this actually possible? EDIT: I'm running CentOS 5 and have 3 IP Addresses asscociated with the machine

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• ifcf-ethx problem

  - by Shahmir Javaid

  Every time i run service networkd restart This is what i get Shutting down interface eth0: Device state: 3 (disconnected) [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: ** (process:12951): WARNING **: fetch_connections_done: error fetching user connections: (2) The name org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerUserSettings was not provided by any .service files. Active connection state: activating Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1 state: activated Connection activated [ OK ] Here is my ifcfg-eth0 # Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE=yes DHCPCLASS= HWADDR=xxx IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no ONBOOT=yes OPTIONS=layer2=1 PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes TYPE=Ethernet UUID=xxx And my ifcfg-eth1 # Intel Corporation 82541PI Gigabit Ethernet Controller DEVICE=eth1 HWADDR=xxx ONBOOT=no And my ifcfg-lo DEVICE=lo IPADDR=127.0.0.1 NETMASK=255.0.0.0 NETWORK=127.0.0.0 # If you're having problems with gated making 127.0.0.0/8 a martian, # you can change this to something else (255.255.255.255, for example) BROADCAST=127.255.255.255 ONBOOT=yes NAME=loopback Any ideas?

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• Finding ALL currently used IP addresses of Website

  - by Patrick R

  What steps would you take to discover all (or close to all) IP addresses that are currently used by a website? How would you be as exhaustive as possible without calling a website admin and asking for the list of IP addresses? ;) nslookup works but will vary based on dns server queried. whois is another good tool. Dig, not bad. Let's use Facebook for example. I'm blocking that site for the majority our our company's users, but some are approved for "research". I can not easily use OpenDNS because we all appear to come from the same request IP address. I could change that but don't want to add more vlans than I already have. I also could use block something like regex facebook1 "facebook\.com" (I'm running a cisco firewall) but that's pretty easy to sidestep. All that being said, I'm asking about specifically about finding ip addresses for a domain and not for other methods that I can block a domain name.

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• Shell function parameter

  - by AntonAL

  Is there a way to declare and pass parameters for shell functions, like so ? function msg( m ) { read -p "Task #" + m + "done. Press any key to continue }

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• How do I know if I have KMS enabled?

  - by Attila Oláh

  How can I check if KMS is enabled in my kernel? I've compiled mine with KMS radeon modeset defaulting to 1, but I still suspect that it is not enabled. EDIT: aatiis@aiur ~ $ dmesg | grep drm [drm] Initialized drm 1.1.0 20060810 [drm] Initialized radeon 1.33.0 20080528 for 0000:01:05.0 on minor 0 [drm] Setting GART location based on new memory map [drm] Loading RS780 CP Microcode [drm] Resetting GPU [drm] writeback test succeeded in 1 usecs EDIT 2: aatiis@aiur ~ $ glxinfo | grep render IRQ's not enabled, falling back to busy waits: 2 0 direct rendering: Yes OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI R600 (RS780 9612) 20090101 TCL aatiis@aiur ~ $ sudo grep -i kms /var/log/Xorg.0.log [ 57.201] (II) [KMS] drm report modesetting isn't supported.

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• What's wrong with my custom .desktop xsession?

  - by Noam Gagliardi

  I want to create a custom Xmonad session that loads an .xsession script in my home folder. This is the original file I copied. This one works: [Desktop Entry] Encoding=UTF-8 Name=XMonad Comment=Lightweight tiling window manager Exec=xmonad Icon=xmonad.png Type=XSession This is my modified file, xmonad-custom.desktop. When I logout, then login choosing this "xmonad-custom", the screen just flashes and sends me back to the ubuntu login screen (as if it briefly logs in and out of the session): [Desktop Entry] Encoding=UTF-8 Name=XMonad Custom Comment=Lightweight tiling window manager Exec=/home/{username}/.xsession Icon=xmonad.png Type=XSession X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=gdm I also tried without the last line. This is my ~/.xsession file, in case there's an error with this script: #!/bin/env bash xrdb -merge .Xresources trayer --edge top --align right --SetDockType true --SetPartialStrut \ true --expand true --width 15 --height 12 --transparent true --tint 0x000000 & dropbox start & exec xmonad

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• Using find and tar with files with special characters in the name

  - by Costi

  I want to archive all .ctl files in a folder, recursively. tar -cf ctlfiles.tar `find /home/db -name "*.ctl" -print` The error message : tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: /home/db/dunn/j: Cannot stat: No such file or directory tar: 74.ctl: Cannot stat: No such file or directory I have these files: /home/db/dunn/j 74.ctl and j 75. Notice the extra space. What if the files have other special characters? How do I archive these files recursively?

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• Ubuntu 9.10 x86_32 with PAE causes graphics issues, mainly slowness

  - by widgisoft

  I've tried the 64bit version and found I was constantly hitting a brick wall trying to get 32bit stuff to run; I'd previously used PAE on 9.04 without any issues so figured I'd give it a shot. However, on 9.10 it seems PAE or the process of enabling PAE breaks the nvidia drivers/module somewhat as performance is terrible; I can't even enable desktop effects and there's lots of artifacting on random controls. Disabling the pae image and rebooting fixes the issue however I'm then stuck with "only" 2.7Gb of ram and unable to use the full 8gb that's installed. Is there somthing special I need to do when using pae and nVidia drivers or should I be using 64bit and just figure out how to force run 32bit packages? :-p

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• pdftotext not outputting hebrew characters

  - by Ofri Raviv

  I'm using Xpdf's pdftotext to get the text out of some hebrew pdf files on Ubuntu. On my local machine this worked fine. I then tried to do it on another machine and the hebrew characters don't show up in the text file. I verified that I have the language package (see below why I think so). Where else can I look for the problem? >> tail -2 /etc/xpdf/xpdfrc include /etc/xpdf/includes >> cat /etc/xpdf/includes # This file was automatically generated by /usr/sbin/update-xpdfrc. # Instead, add or remove files in /etc/xpdf/ then run # /usr/sbin/update-xpdfrc to regenerate this file. include /etc/xpdf/xpdfrc-latin2 include /etc/xpdf/xpdfrc-thai include /etc/xpdf/xpdfrc-greek include /etc/xpdf/xpdfrc-turkish include /etc/xpdf/xpdfrc-arabic include /etc/xpdf/xpdfrc-hebrew include /etc/xpdf/xpdfrc-cyrillic >> cat /etc/xpdf/xpdfrc-hebrew #----- begin Hebrew support package (2003-feb-16) unicodeMap ISO-8859-8 /usr/share/xpdf/hebrew/ISO-8859-8.unicodeMap unicodeMap Windows-1255 /usr/share/xpdf/hebrew/Windows-1255.unicodeMap #----- end Hebrew support package >> ls /usr/share/xpdf/hebrew/ ISO-8859-8.unicodeMap Windows-1255.unicodeMap

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• Strategy to allow emergency access to colocation crew

  - by itsadok

  I'm setting up a server at a new colocation center half way around the world. They installed the OS for me and sent me the root password, so there's obviously a great amount of trust in them. However, I'm pretty sure I don't want them to have my root password on a regular basis. And anyway, I intend to only allow key-based login. On some cases, though, it might be useful to let their technical support log in through a physical terminal. For example, if I somehow mess up the firewall settings. Should I even bother worrying about that? Should I set up a sudoer account with a one-time password that will change if I ever use it? Is there a common strategy for handling something like this?

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• Kernel config file generator

  - by lisak

  Hey guys, could please anybody recommend some kind of kconfig generator that would trim modules and built-in stuff that is not needed according to current hardware ? The best I have found is this : http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/16/290 I don't care about compilation time and the amount of modules that are not built-in. I'm concerned about performance. I don't know how much memory and runtime is wasted on huge kernels with almost everything possible. I'm a java developer and I don't know what most of the modules and drivers are for. So there is not much I can disable and be sure that I don't screw it up. Thanks in advance

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• How can I move my partition in GParted?

  - by reprogrammer

  The following is a screenshot of GParted run on my system. There is a small unallocated space at the beginning of the list. This 1 MiB space is kind of annoying and I'd like to merge with any other partition except /dev/sda1, /dev/sda6 and /dev/sda4. When I right click on the unallocated partition, the only available operation is "New". And, if I click on "New", I get the following error message. It is not possible to create more than 4 primary partitions Any ideas of how to go about merging the small unallocated space with other partitions?

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• Using symbolic links with git

  - by Alfredo Palhares

  I used to have my system configuration files all in one directory for better management but now i need to use some version control on it. But the problem is that git doesn't understand symbolic links that point to outside of the repository, and i can't invert the role ( having the real files on the repository and the symbolic links on their proper path ) since some files are read before the kernel loads. I think that I can use unison to sync the files in the repo and and the their paths, but it's just not practical. And hard links will probably be broken. Any idea ?

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