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  • Need some clarification on the ANSI/SPARC 3-tier database architecture.

    - by Moonshield
    Hi there, I'm currently revising for a databases exam and looking over some past papers, but there's one question that I'm slightly unsure about and was wondering if someone could offer some assistance. "Describe EACH of the THREE levels of the ANSI SPARC 3 level architecture. Your answer should include the purpose of EACH of the schemas, the level of abstraction they provide and the software tools that would be used to access and support them." As I understand it (although please correct me if I'm wrong): the internal schema specifies the physical storage of the data; the conceptual schema specifies the structure of the database and the domains; and the external schemas are how the database is viewed by "users" (applications, etc.). As for the abstraction, I understand that the conceptual layer means that the physical data storage can be altered without the end user being affected, likewise the The bit that I'm not sure about is what tools are used to access and support each layer. Would the internal schema be handled by the DBMS, the conceptual schema handled by some sort of DDL interpreter and the external schema handled by a DML interpreter (or have I misunderstood what each level does)? Any assistance would be greatly appreciated. Thanks, Moonshield

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  • many-to-many-to-many, incl alignment of data from diff sources

    - by JefeCoon
    Re-factoring dbase to support many:many:many. At the second and third levels we need to preserve end-user 'mapping' or aligning of data from different sources, e.g. Order 17 FirstpartyOrderID => aha LineItem_for_BigShinyThingy => AA-1 # maps to 77-a LineItem_for_BigShinyThingy => AA-2 # maps to 77-b, 77-c LineItem_for_LittleWidget => AA-x # maps to 77-zulu, 77-alpha, 99-foxtrot LineItem_for_LittleWidget => AA-y # maps to 77-zulu, 99-foxtrot LineItem_for_LittleWidget => AA-z # maps to 77-alpha ThirdpartyOrderID => foo LineItem_for_BigShinyThingy => 77-a LineItem_for_BigShinyThingy => 77-b LineItem_for_BigShinyThingy => 77-c LineItem_for_LittleWidget => 77-zulu LineItem_for_LittleWidget => 77-alpha ThirdpartyOrderID => bar LineItem_for_LittleWidget => 99-foxtrot Each LineItem has daily datapoints reported from its own source (Firstparty|Thirdparty). In our UI & app we provide tools to align these, then we'd like to save them into the cleanest possible schema for querying, enabling us to diff the reported daily datapoints, and perform other daily calculations (which we'll store in the dbase also, fortunately that should be cake once we've nailed this). We need to map related [firstparty|thirdparty]line_items which have their own respective datapoints. We'll be using the association to pull each line_items collection of datapoints for summary and discrepancy calculations. I'm considering two options, std has_many,through x2 --or-- possibly (scary) ubermasterjoin table OptionA: order<<-->> order_join_table[id,order_id,firstparty_order_id,thirdparty_order_id] <<-->>line_item order_join_table[firstparty_order_id]-->raw_order[id] order_join_table[thirdparty_order_id]-->raw_order[id] raw_order-->raw_line_items[raw_order_id] line_item<<-->> line_item_join[id,LI_join_id,firstparty_LI,thirdparty_LI <<-->>raw_line_items line_item_join[firstparty_LI]-->raw_line_item[id] line_item_join[thirdparty_LI]-->raw_line_item[id] raw_line_item<<-->>datapoints = we rely upon join to store all mappings of first|third orders & line_items = keys to raw_* enable lookup of these order & line_item details = concerns about circular references and/or lack of correct mapping logic, e.g order--line_item--raw_line_items vs. order--raw_order--raw_line_items OptionB: order<<-->> join_master[id,order_id,FP_order_id,TP_order_id,FP_line_item_id,TP_line_item_id] join_master[FP_order_id & TP_order_id]-->raw_order[id] join_master[FP_line_item_id & TP_line_item_id]-->raw_line_item[id] = every combo of FP_line_item + TP_line_item writes a record into the join_master table = "theoretically" queries easy/fast/flexible/sexy At long last, my questions: a) any learnings from painful firsthand experience about how best to implement/tune/optimize many-to-many-to-many relationships b) in rails? c) any painful gotchas (circular references, slow queries, spaghetti-monsters) to watch out for? d) any joy & goodness in Rails3 that makes this magically easy & joyful? e) anyone written the "how to do many-to-many-to-many schema in Rails and make it fast & sexy?" tutorial that I somehow haven't found? If not, I'll follow up with our learnings in the hope it's helpful.. Thanks in advance- --Jeff

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  • how to tackle a custom forms database

    - by Neil Hickman
    I'm currently researching a project for the place that I work in. We are trying to create a system that will allow forms to be set up dynamically from a database. My question is what database structure would best suit something like this? I currently have a structure of: forms_form forms_formfields forms_formdata I don't think this is the most appropriate layout for this. Basically to make is make sense I need to be able to make a form within the database that can have infinite fields all customized and have the data when submitted stored in the database.

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  • Error: Too Many Arguments Specified when Inserting Values from ASP.NET to SQL Server

    - by SidC
    Good Afternoon All, I have a wizard control that contains 20 textboxes for part numbers and another 20 for quantities. I want the part numbers and quantities loaded into the following table: USE [Diel_inventory] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[QUOTEDETAILPARTS] Script Date: 05/09/2010 16:26:54 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[QUOTEDETAILPARTS]( [QuoteDetailPartID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [QuoteDetailID] [int] NOT NULL, [PartNumber] [float] NULL, [Quantity] [int] NULL, CONSTRAINT [pkQuoteDetailPartID] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [QuoteDetailPartID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[QUOTEDETAILPARTS] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [fkQuoteDetailID] FOREIGN KEY([QuoteDetailID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[QUOTEDETAIL] ([ID]) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE GO Here's the snippet from my sproc for this insert: set @ID=scope_identity() Insert into dbo.QuoteDetailParts (QuoteDetailPartID, QuoteDetailID, PartNumber, Quantity) values (@ID, @QuoteDetailPartID, @PartNumber, @Quantity) When I run the ASPX page, I receive an error that there are too many arguments specified for my stored procedure. I understand why I'm getting the error, given the above table layout. However, I need help in structuring my insert syntax to look for values in all 20 PartNumber and Quantity field pairs. Thanks, Sid

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  • C++ Namespaces & templates question

    - by Kotti
    Hi! I have some functions that can be grouped together, but don't belong to some object / entity and therefore can't be treated as methods. So, basically in this situation I would create a new namespace and put the definitions in a header file, the implementation in cpp file. Also (if needed) I would create an anonymous namespace in that cpp file and put all additional functions that don't have to be exposed / included to my namespace's interface there. See the code below (probably not the best example and could be done better with another program architecture, but I just can't think of a better sample...) Sample code (header) namespace algorithm { void HandleCollision(Object* object1, Object* object2); } Sample code (cpp) #include "header" // Anonymous namespace that wraps // routines that are used inside 'algorithm' methods // but don't have to be exposed namespace { void RefractObject(Object* object1) { // Do something with that object // (...) } } namespace algorithm { void HandleCollision(Object* object1, Object* object2) { if (...) RefractObject(object1); } } So far so good. I guess this is a good way to manage my code, but I don't know what should I do if I have some template-based functions and want to do basically the same. If I'm using templates, I have to put all my code in the header file. Ok, but how should I conceal some implementation details then? Like, I want to hide RefractObject function from my interface, but I can't simply remove it's declaration (just because I have all my code in a header file)... The only approach I came up with was something like: Sample code (header) namespace algorithm { // Is still exposed as a part of interface! namespace impl { template <typename T> void RefractObject(T* object1) { // Do something with that object // (...) } } template <typename T, typename Y> void HandleCollision(T* object1, Y* object2) { impl::RefractObject(object1); // Another stuff } } Any ideas how to make this better in terms of code designing?

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  • How would you organize this in asp.net mvc?

    - by chobo
    I have an asp.net mvc 2.0 application that contains Areas/Modules like calendar, admin, etc... There may be cases where more than one area needs to access the same Repo, so I am not sure where to put the Data Access Layers and Repositories. First Option: Should I create Data Access Layer files (Linq to SQL in my case) with their accompanying Repositories for each area, so each area only contains the Tables, and Repositories needed by those areas. The benefit is that everything needed to run that module is one place, so it is more encapsulated (in my mind anyway). The downside is that I may have duplicate queries, because other modules may use the same query. Second Option Or, would it be better to place the DAL and Repositories outside the Area's and treat them as Global? The advantage is I won't have any duplicate queries, but I may be loading a lot of unnecessary queries and DAL tables up for certain modules. It is also more work to reuse or modify these modules for future projects (though the chance of reusing them is slim to none :)) Which option makes more sense? If someone has a better way I'd love to hear it. Thanks!

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  • C++ include statement required if defining a map in a headerfile.

    - by Justin
    I was doing a project for computer course on programming concepts. This project was to be completed in C++ using Object Oriented designs we learned throughout the course. Anyhow, I have two files symboltable.h and symboltable.cpp. I want to use a map as the data structure so I define it in the private section of the header file. I #include <map> in the cpp file before I #include "symboltable.h". I get several errors from the compiler (MS VS 2008 Pro) when I go to debug/run the program the first of which is: Error 1 error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'table' c:\users\jsmith\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\project2\project2\symboltable.h 22 Project2 To fix this I had to #include <map> in the header file, which to me seems strange. Here are the relevant code files: // symboltable.h #include <map> class SymbolTable { public: SymbolTable() {} void insert(string variable, double value); double lookUp(string variable); void init(); // Added as part of the spec given in the conference area. private: map<string, double> table; // Our container for variables and their values. }; and // symboltable.cpp #include <map> #include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; #include "symboltable.h" void SymbolTable::insert(string variable, double value) { table[variable] = value; // Creates a new map entry, if variable name already exist it overwrites last value. } double SymbolTable::lookUp(string variable) { if(table.find(variable) == table.end()) // Search for the variable, find() returns a position, if thats the end then we didnt find it. throw exception("Error: Uninitialized variable"); else return table[variable]; } void SymbolTable::init() { table.clear(); // Clears the map, removes all elements. }

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  • How do I calculate a good hash code for a list of strings?

    - by Ian Ringrose
    Background: I have a short list of strings. The number of strings is not always the same, but are nearly always of the order of a “handful” In our database will store these strings in a 2nd normalised table These strings are never changed once they are written to the database. We wish to be able to match on these strings quickly in a query without the performance hit of doing lots of joins. So I am thinking of storing a hash code of all these strings in the main table and including it in our index, so the joins are only processed by the database when the hash code matches. So how do I get a good hashcode? I could: Xor the hash codes of all the string together Xor with multiply the result after each string (say by 31) Cat all the string together then get the hashcode Some other way So what do people think? (If you care we are using .NET and SqlServer)

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  • implementing a Intelligent File Transfer Software in java over TCP/IP

    - by whyjava
    Hello I am working on a proposal where we have to implement a software which can move files between one source to destination.The overall goal of this project is to create intelligent file transfer.This software will have three components :- 1) Broker : Broker is the module that communicates with other brokers, monitors files, moves files, retrieves configurations from the Configuration Manager, supplies process information for the monitor, archives files, writes all process data to log files and escalates issues if necessary 2) Configuration Manager :Configuration Manager is a web-based application used to configure and deploy the configuration to all brokers. 3) Monitor : Monitor is a web-based application used to monitor each Broker in the environment. This project has to be built up in java and protocol for file transfer in tcp/ip. Client does not want to use FTP. File Transfer seems very easy, until there are several processes who are waiting to pick the file up automatically. Several problems arise: How can we guarantee the file is received at the destination? If a file isn’t received the first time, we should try it again (even after a restart or power breakdown) ? How does the receiver knows the file that is received is complete? How can we transfer multiple files synchronously? How can we protect the bandwidth, so file transfer isn’t blocking other processes? How does one interoperate between multiple OS platforms? What about authentication? How can we monitor het workflow? Auditing / logging Archiving Can you please provide answer to some of these? Thanks

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  • What should "Solution Architecture" document describe ?

    - by anjanb
    We're going to build a Solution which includes acquiring data through mobile phones(J2ME) and laptops(browser based data acquisition), uploading the same data to back-end servers(built with J2EE) and then analyzing the same data including generating various types of reports. This solution will include a CMS for building the website and various interfaces for various types of users. I'm to do a "Solutions Architecture" document for the same. What should that document consist of ? Are there any templates (WORD, .ODT, .PDF) ? Any inputs appreciated. Thank you so much,

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  • Make Java parent class not part of the interface

    - by Bart van Heukelom
    (This is a hypothetical question for discussion, I have no actual problem). Say that I'm making an implementation of SortedSet by extending LinkedHashMap: class LinkedHashSortedMapThing extends LinkedHashMap implements SortedSet { ... } Now programmers who use this class may do LinkedHashMap x = new LinkedHashSortedMapThing(); But what if I consider the extending of LinkedHashMap an implementation detail, and do not want it to be a part of the class' contract? If people use the line above, I can no longer freely change this detail without worrying about breaking existing code. Is there any way to prevent this sort of thing, other than favouring composition over inheritance (which is not always possible due to private/protected members)?

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  • What's The Best Object-Relational Mapping Tool For .NET?

    - by Icono123
    I've worked on a few Java web projects and we've always used Hibernate for our data object layer. I haven't worked on a large scale ASP.NET site and I'm unsure which solution to choose. I'm tempted to try NHibernate, but I don't like the fact that they use so many third party libraries. I found this list on Wikipedia of available ORM software: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_object-relational_mapping_software#.NET What ORM have you used? Was it easy to use? Would you recommend using it again? Was it used on a small, medium, or large project? Would you write your own? Thanks.

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  • iPad portrait... zoomed in on load, div not at full width

    - by dotwongdotcom
    When testing out my site on my iPad, the layout works as expected in landscape mode. When I try it in portrait mode, it is zoomed in, cutting off about 20% of the right hand side. And when I zoom that out, the background of the header and the footer containers only stretches the width that it was when zoomed in. I've dug around a bit online, and I'm suspecting it might have something to do with my meta tag. When I get rid of that tag completely, it displays the way I want it to, but gets rid of any responsive layout that I've designed for less than 767px when I load it on my iPhone. (Displays as if it wasn't responsive at all). Any ideas as to how I might go about fixing this? (Here's one of the pages that I'm talking about http://dotwong.com/test/tip/docking/)

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  • PHP Object Oriented Web Application

    - by Sev
    I have a class called "Layout" for the layout of the page, another class called "User" for the user. Every page I create, I instantiate a new Layout. When a user logs in, there is a new User instantiated. How do I get an instance of the layout class to know about the instantiated user? I could also save the entire instance of the User in a session variable. I assume that's a bad idea though. What are the best practices for this?

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  • How do i free objects in C#

    - by assassin
    Hi, Can anyone please tell me how I can free objects in C#? For example, I have an object: Object obj1 = new Object(); //Some code using obj1 //Here I would like to free obj1, after it is no longer required and also more importantly its scope is the full run time of the program. Thanks for all your help

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  • Can I change class types in a setter with an object-oriented language?

    - by user214626
    Hello, Here is the problem statement : Calling a setter on the object should result in the object to change to an object of a different class, which language can support this ? Ex. I have a class called "Man" (Parent Class), and two children namely "Toddler" and "Old Man", they are its children because they override a behaviour in Man called as walk.( i.e Toddler sometimes walks using both his hands and legs kneeled down and the Old man uses a stick to support himself). The Man class has a attribute called age, I have a setter on Man,say it is called setAge(int ageValue). I have 3 objects, 2 toddlers, 1 old-Man. (The system is up and running,i guess when we say objects it is obvious) .I will make this call, toddler.setAge(80), I expect the toddler to change to an object of type Old Man. Is this possible.Please suggest. Thanks,

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  • defining information out of class

    - by calccrypto
    is there a way to define a value within a class in the __init__ part, send it to some variable outside of the class without calling another function within the class? like class c: def __init__(self, a): self.a = a b = 4 # do something like this so that outside of class c, # b is set to 4 automatically when i use class c def function(self): ... # whatever. this doesnt matter i have multiple classes that have different values for b. i could just make a list that tells the computer to change b, but i would rather set b within each class

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  • Best Practices & Considerations when writing HTML Emails

    - by Jonathan Sampson
    I've been developing websites for over a decade now, but quickly found that many of my habits in developing for the web are useless when developing for email clients. This has caused me an enormous amount of frustration, so I thought I would ask a question that would hopefully surface the best practices and necessary considerations for others like myself who may find themselves designing for gmail, outlook, etc. from time to time. Example: <style>...</style> vs inline CSS. In short: what transfers over from the web-world to the email-world, and what doesn't.

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  • Open closed prinicple, problem

    - by Marcus
    Hi, I'm trying to apply OCP to a code snippet I have that in it's current state is really smelly, but I feel I'm not getting all the way to the end. Current code: public abstract class SomeObject {} public class SpecificObject1 : SomeObject {} public class SpecificObject2 : SomeObject {} // Smelly code public class Model { public void Store(SomeObject someObject) { if (someObject is SpecificObject1) {} else if (someObject is SpecificObject2) {} } } That is really ugly, my new approach looks like this: // No so smelly code public class Model { public void Store(SomeObject someObject) { throw new Expception("Not allowed!"); } public void Store(SpecificObject1 someObject) {} public void Store(SpecificObject2 someObject) {} } When a new SomeObject type comes along I must implement how that specific object is stored, this will break OCP cause I need to alter the Model-class. To move the store logic to SomeObject also feels wrong cause then I will violate SRP (?), becuase in this case the SomeObject is almost like a DTO, it's resposibility it not how to know to store itself. If a new implementation to SomeObject comes along who's store implementation is missing I will get a runtime error due to exception in Store method in Model class, it also feels like a code smell. This is because calling code will in the form of IEnumerable<SomeObject> sequence; I will not know the specific types of the sequence objects. I can't seem to grasp the OCP-concept. Anyone has any concrete examples or links that is a bit more than just some Car/Fruit example?

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  • Database Structure for CakePHP Models

    - by Michael T. Smith
    We're building a data tracking web app using CakePHP, and I'm having some issues getting the database structure right. We have Companies that haveMany Sites. Sites haveMany DataSamples. Tags haveAndBelongToMany Sites. That is all set up fine. The problem is "ranking" the sites within tags. We need to store it in the database as an archive. I created a Rank model that is setup like this: rank ( id (int), sample_id (int), tag_id (int), site_id (int), rank (int), total_rows) ) So, the question is, how do I create the associations for tag, site and sample to rank? I originally set them as haveMany. But the returned structures don't get me where I'd like to be. It looks like: [Site] => Array ( [Sample] = Array(), [Tag] = Array() ) When I'm really looking for: [Site] => Array ( [Tag] = Array ( [Sample] => Array ( [Rank] => Array ( ...data... ) ) ) ) I think that I may not be structuring the database properly; so if I need to update please let me know. Otherwise, how do I write a find query that gets me where I need to be? Thanks! Thoughts? Need more details? Just ask!

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  • Responsive grid, floated elements move underneath one another when min-width is reached

    - by Francesca
    I'm in the process of creating a responsive site (currently only working on the main content.) I've created two floated divs with percentage based widths. One contains an image which resizes with the browser resizing. The image has a min-width of 100px. Can anyone tell me why when put into a mobile sized width it doesn't drop down? How can I make the image stack underneath the text? JS Fiddle Live site

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  • How can I position QDockWidgets as the screen shot shows using code?

    - by Nathan
    I want a Qt window to come up with the following arrangement of dock widgets on the right. Qt allows you to provide an argument to the addDockWidget method of QMainWindow to specify the position (top, bottom, left or right) but apparently not how two QDockWidgets placed on the same side will be arranged. Here is the code that adds the dock widgets. this uses PyQt4 but it should be the same for Qt with C++ self.memUseGraph = mem_use_widget(self) self.memUseDock = QDockWidget("Memory Usage") self.memUseDock.setObjectName("Memory Usage") self.memUseDock.setWidget(self.memUseGraph) self.addDockWidget(Qt.DockWidgetArea(Qt.RightDockWidgetArea),self.memUseDock) self.diskUsageGraph = disk_usage_widget(self) self.diskUsageDock = QDockWidget("Disk Usage") self.diskUsageDock.setObjectName("Disk Usage") self.diskUsageDock.setWidget(self.diskUsageGraph) self.addDockWidget(Qt.DockWidgetArea(Qt.RightDockWidgetArea),self.diskUsageDock) When this code is used to add both of them to the right side, one is above the other, not like the screen shot I made. The way I made that shot was to drag them there with the mouse after starting the program, but I need it to start that way.

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