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  • how to let the parser print help message rather than error and exit

    - by fluter
    Hi, I am using argparse to handle cmd args, I wanna if there is no args specified, then print the help message, but now the parse will output a error, and then exit. my code is: def main(): print "in abing/start/main" parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="abing")#, usage="%(prog)s <command> [args] [--help]") parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", default=False, help="show verbose output") subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(title="commands") bkr_subparser = subparsers.add_parser("beaker", help="beaker inspection") bkr_subparser.set_defaults(command=beaker_command) bkr_subparser.add_argument("-m", "--max", action="store", default=3, type=int, help="max resubmit count") bkr_subparser.add_argument("-g", "--grain", action="store", default="J", choices=["J", "RS", "R", "T", "job", "recipeset", "recipe", "task"], type=str, help="resubmit selection granularity") bkr_subparser.add_argument("job_ids", nargs=1, action="store", help="list of job id to be monitored") et_subparser = subparsers.add_parser("errata", help="errata inspection") et_subparser.set_defaults(command=errata_command) et_subparser.add_argument("-w", "--workflows", action="store_true", help="generate workflows for the erratum") et_subparser.add_argument("-r", "--run", action="store_true", help="generate workflows, and run for the erratum") et_subparser.add_argument("-s", "--start-monitor", action="store_true", help="start monitor the errata system") et_subparser.add_argument("-d", "--daemon", action="store_true", help="run monitor into daemon mode") et_subparser.add_argument("erratum", action="store", nargs=1, metavar="ERRATUM", help="erratum id") if len(sys.argv) == 1: parser.print_help() return args = parser.parse_args() args.command(args) return how can I do that? thanks.

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  • Endianness and C API's: Specifically OpenSSL.

    - by Hassan Syed
    I have an algorithm that uses the following OpenSSL calls: HMAC_update() / HMAC_final() // ripe160 EVP_CipherUpdate() / EVP_CipherFinal() // cbc_blowfish These algorithm take a unsigned char * into the "plain text". My input data is comes from a C++ std::string::c_str() which originate from a protocol buffer object as a encoded UTF-8 string. UTF-8 strings are meant to be endian neutrial. However I'm a bit paranoid about how OpenSSL may perform operations on the data. My understanding is that encryption algorithms work on 8-bit blocks of data, and if a unsigned char * is used for pointer arithmetic when the operations are performed the algorithms should be endian neutral and I do not need to worry about anything. My uncertainty is compounded by the fact that I am working on a little-endian machine and have never done any real cross-architecture programming. My beliefs/reasoning are/is based on the following two properties std::string (not wstring) internally uses a 8-bit ptr and a the resulting c_str() ptr will itterate the same way regardless of the CPU architecture. Encryption algorithms are either by design, or by implementation, endian neutral. I know the best way to get a definitive answer is to use QEMU and do some cross-platform unit tests (which I plan to do). My question is a request for comments on my reasoning, and perhaps will assist other programmers when faced with similar problems.

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  • Loading/Displaying large amount of data on webpage.

    - by jb
    I have a webpage which contains a table for displaying a large amount of data (on average from 2,000 to 10,000 rows). This page takes a long time to load/render. Which is understandable. The problem is, while the page is loading the PCs memory usage skyrockets (500mb on my test system is in use by iexplorer) and the whole PC grinds to a halt until it has finished, which can take a minute or two. IE hangs until it is complete, switching to another running program is the same. I need to fix this - and ideally i want to accomplish 2 things: 1) Load individual parts of the page seperately. So the page can render initially without the large data table. A loading div will be placed there until it is ready. 2) Dont use up so much memory or local resources while rendering - so at least they can use a different tab/application at the same time. How would I go about doing both or either of these? I'm an applications programmer by trade so i am still a little fizzy on the things I can do in a web environment. Cheers all.

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  • C++ Memory Leak, Can't find where

    - by Nicholas
    I'm using Visual Studio 2008, Developing an OpenGL window. I've created several classes for creating a skeleton, one for joints, one for skin, one for a Body(which is a holder for several joints and skin) and one for reading a skel/skin file. Within each of my classes, I'm using pointers for most of my data, most of which are declared using = new int[XX]. I have a destructor for each Class that deletes the pointers, using delete[XX]. Within my GLUT display function I have it declaring a body, opening the files and drawing them, then deleting the body at the end of the display. But there's still a memory leak somewhere in the program. As Time goes on, it's memory usage just keep increasing, at a consistent rate, which I'm interpreting as something that's not getting deleted. I'm not sure if it's something in the glut display function that's just not deleting the Body class, or something else. I've followed the steps for memory leak detection in Visual Studio 2008 and it doesn't report any leak, but I'm not 100% sure if it's working right for me. I'm not fluent in C++, so there maybe something I'm overlooking, can anyone see it?

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  • rails not recognizing project

    - by tipu
    I can create a new project using rails and I can use stuff like rails migration ... and i (correctly) get a error because the sqlite gem is missing. but when i try using rails migration ... with a project i checked out from github, it doesn't recognize that it is a rails project i get: Usage: rails new APP_PATH [options] Options: -d, [--database=DATABASE] # Preconfigure for selected database (options: mysql/oracle/postgresql/sqlite3/frontbase/ibm_db) # Default: sqlite3 -O, [--skip-active-record] # Skip Active Record files [--dev] # Setup the application with Gemfile pointing to your Rails checkout -J, [--skip-prototype] # Skip Prototype files -T, [--skip-test-unit] # Skip Test::Unit files -G, [--skip-git] # Skip Git ignores and keeps -b, [--builder=BUILDER] # Path to an application builder (can be a filesystem path or URL) [--edge] # Setup the application with Gemfile pointing to Rails repository -m, [--template=TEMPLATE] # Path to an application template (can be a filesystem path or URL) -r, [--ruby=PATH] # Path to the Ruby binary of your choice # Default: /usr/bin/ruby1.8 [--skip-gemfile] # Don't create a Gemfile and it goes on. any ideas? edit: it's probably an important detail that earlier my rails wasn't working at all. i had to cp /usr/bin/ruby to /usr/bin/local/ruby

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  • Visual Studio and .NET programming

    - by Vit
    Hi, I just want to ask wheather I am right or not about .NET. So, .NET is new framework that enables you to easily implement new and old windows functions. It is similiar to java in the way that its also compiled into "bytecode", but its name is Common Language Infrastructure, or CLI. This language is interpreted by .NET Framework, so code generated by programming using .NET cannot be executed directly by CPU. Now, few languages can be compiled to CLI. First, it was Microsoft-developed C#, than J#, C++ others. I suspect that this is in general right, at least I hope I understand it right. But, what I am still missing is, can you write to machine code compiled code in C#? And, if using Visual Studio 2005, when I select Win32 project, it is compiled into machine code, so only thing you need to run this apps are windows dynamic-link libraries, since static libraries code is implemented into app durink linking phase. And those dynamic-link libraries are implemented in every windows installation, or provided by DirectX installations. But when I select CLR in Visual Studio 2005, than app is compiled into CLI code, and it first executes .NET framework, and than .NET framework executes that program, since its not in machine code. So, I am right? I ask becouse you can read these infos on the internet, but I have noone to tell me wheather I understand it right or not. Thanks.

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  • response.redirect to classic asp failing

    - by jeff
    I have the following code pasted below. For some reason, the response.redirect seems to be failing and it is maxing out the cpu on my server and just doesn't do anything. The .net code uploads the file fine, but does not redirect to the asp page to do the processing. I know this is absolute rubbish why would you have .net code redirecting to classic asp, it is a legacy app. I have tried putting false or true etc. at the end of the redirect as I have read other people have had issues with this. Please help as it's driving me insane! It's so strange, it runs locally on my machine but won't run on my server! public void btnUploadTheFile_Click(object Source, EventArgs evArgs) { //need to check that the uploaded file is an xls file. string strFileNameOnServer = "PJI3.txt"; string strBaseLocation = ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["str_file_location"]; if ("" == strFileNameOnServer) { txtOutput.InnerHtml = "Error - a file name must be specified."; return; } if (null != uplTheFile.PostedFile) { try { uplTheFile.PostedFile.SaveAs(strBaseLocation+strFileNameOnServer); txtOutput.InnerHtml = "File <b>" + strBaseLocation+strFileNameOnServer+"</b> uploaded successfully"; Response.Redirect ("/COBRA/pages/sap_import_pji3_prc.asp"); } catch (Exception e) { txtOutput.InnerHtml = "Error saving <b>" + strBaseLocation+strFileNameOnServer+"</b><br>"+ e.ToString(); } } }

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  • Are programming languages and methods inefficient? (assembler and C knowledge needed)

    - by b-gen-jack-o-neill
    Hi, for a long time, I am thinking and studying output of C language compiler in assembler form, as well as CPU architecture. I know this may be silly to you, but it seems to me that something is very ineffective. Please, don´t be angry if I am wrong, and there is some reason I do not see for all these principles. I will be very glad if you tell me why is it designed this way. I actually truly believe I am wrong, I know the genius minds of people which get PCs together knew a reason to do so. What exactly, do you ask? I´ll tell you right away, I use C as a example: 1: Stack local scope memory allocation: So, typical local memory allocation uses stack. Just copy esp to ebp and than allocate all the memory via ebp. OK, I would understand this if you explicitly need allocate RAM by default stack values, but if I do understand it correctly, modern OS use paging as a translation layer between application and physical RAM, when address you desire is further translated before reaching actual RAM byte. So why don´t just say 0x00000000 is int a,0x00000004 is int b and so? And access them just by mov 0x00000000,#10? Because you wont actually access memory blocks 0x00000000 and 0x00000004 but those your OS set the paging tables to. Actually, since memory allocation by ebp and esp use indirect addressing, "my" way would be even faster. 2: Variable allocation duplicity: When you run application, Loader load its code into RAM. When you create variable, or string, compiler generates code that pushes these values on the top o stack when created in main. So there is actual instruction for do so, and that actual number in memory. So, there are 2 entries of the same value in RAM. One in form of instruction, second in form of actual bytes in the RAM. But why? Why not to just when declaring variable count at which memory block it would be, than when used, just insert this memory location?

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  • cell and array in Matlab

    - by Tim
    Hi, I am a little confused about the usage of cell and array in Matlab. I would like to hear about your understandings. Here are my observations: (1). array can dynamically adjust its own memory to allow dynamic number of elements, while cell seems not act in the same way. a=[]; a=[a 1]; b={}; b={b 1}; (2). several elements can be retrieved from cell, while they seem not from array. a={'1' '2'}; figure, plot(...); hold on; plot(...) ; legend(a{1:2}); b=['1' '2']; figure, plot(...); hold on; plot(...) ; legend(b(1:2)); % b(1:2) is an array, not its elements, so it is wrong with legend. Are these correct? What are some other different usages between the cell and array? Thanks and regards!

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  • SQL Server log backups "stalling"

    - by MattK
    I have interited a box running SQL Server 2008 and Windows 2003, and have had a few events where largeish (35GB) log backups "stall", both before and after the installation of SQL 2008 SP1. The server log ships to a standby, so regular log backups are taken at 15 minute intervals. However, after an index reorg causes the log to grow to about 35GB (on a DB with about 17GB of data), the next log backup runs to ~95% completion, then seems to stop. The process shows as suspended, with a wait state of BACKUPIO. CPU, read, and write activity on the SPID also does not change, and the process stays in this state for hours, when normally a backup of this size should complete in about 20 minutes. This server has a single RAID-1 volume, thus the source database files and destination backup files are on the same volume. However, I cannot determine if another process is blocking the backup. The backup SPID cannot be killed, and the only way to terminate the log backup and clear the lock on the backup file is to cycle the SQL Server service. There was one event where the backup terminated completely, with an error that another process had locked the backup file, but no details about what that process was. Can anyone suggest a cause or diagnostic process to this situation?

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  • Unmanaged Process in Mono

    - by Residuum
    I want to start a quite expensive process (jackd) from a Mono application, and do not need full access to the process from the application itself. As the process is so expensive in terms of CPU usage, a Glib.IdleHandler for polling the process will not work, as it is never executed, and the GUI becomes unresponsive. Is there any way to have the cake and eating it at the same time in Mono? EDIT: I only need to be able to start and stop the process from Mono, I do not need information about the state of the process or if it has exited, as my application will register itself as a client to jackd, basically I need a "replacement" for bash's jackd &>/dev/null 2>&1 & for the System.Diagnostics.Process ;). Here is what I have so far for starting and stopping the process: public void StartJackd() { _jackd = new Process (); _jackd.StartInfo = _jackdStartup; if (_jackd.Start ()) { _jackd.EnableRaisingEvents = true; _jackd.Exited += JackdExited; } } public void StopJackd() { if (_jackd != null && !_jackd.HasExited) { _jackd.CloseMainWindow (); } } And somewhere else I have this code for registering the IdleHandler: GLib.Idle.Add(new GLib.IdleHandler(UpdateJackdConnections)); This handler will fire all the time, while the process is not running, but never, when jackd is running.

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  • Multithreaded linked list traversal

    - by Rob Bryce
    Given a (doubly) linked list of objects (C++), I have an operation that I would like multithread, to perform on each object. The cost of the operation is not uniform for each object. The linked list is the preferred storage for this set of objects for a variety of reasons. The 1st element in each object is the pointer to the next object; the 2nd element is the previous object in the list. I have solved the problem by building an array of nodes, and applying OpenMP. This gave decent performance. I then switched to my own threading routines (based off Windows primitives) and by using InterlockedIncrement() (acting on the index into the array), I can achieve higher overall CPU utilization and faster through-put. Essentially, the threads work by "leap-frog'ing" along the elements. My next approach to optimization is to try to eliminate creating/reusing the array of elements in my linked list. However, I'd like to continue with this "leap-frog" approach and somehow use some nonexistent routine that could be called "InterlockedCompareDereference" - to atomically compare against NULL (end of list) and conditionally dereference & store, returning the dereferenced value. I don't think InterlockedCompareExchangePointer() will work since I cannot atomically dereference the pointer and call this Interlocked() method. I've done some reading and others are suggesting critical sections or spin-locks. Critical sections seem heavy-weight here. I'm tempted to try spin-locks but I thought I'd first pose the question here and ask what other people are doing. I'm not convinced that the InterlockedCompareExchangePointer() method itself could be used like a spin-lock. Then one also has to consider acquire/release/fence semantics... Ideas? Thanks!

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  • Using EhCache for session.createCriteria(...).list()

    - by James Smith
    I'm benchmarking the performance gains from using a 2nd level cache in Hibernate (enabling EhCache), but it doesn't seem to improve performance. In fact, the time to perform the query slightly increases. The query is: session.createCriteria(MyEntity.class).list(); The entity is: @Entity @Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.NONSTRICT_READ_WRITE) public class MyEntity { @Id @GeneratedValue private long id; @Column(length=5000) private String data; //---SNIP getters and setters--- } My hibernate.cfg.xml is: <!-- all the normal stuff to get it to connect & map the entities plus:--> <property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class"> net.sf.ehcache.hibernate.EhCacheRegionFactory </property> The MyEntity table contains about 2000 rows. The problem is that before adding in the cache, the query above to list all entities took an average of 65 ms. After the cache, they take an average of 74 ms. Is there something I'm missing? Is there something extra that needs to be done that will increase performance?

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  • Flex profiling - what is [enterFrameEvent] doing?

    - by Herms
    I've been tasked with finding (and potentially fixing) some serious performance problems with a Flex application that was delivered to us. The application will consistently take up 50 to 100% of the CPU at times when it is simply idling and shouldn't be doing anything. My first step was to run the profiler that comes with FlexBuilder. I expected to find some method that was taking up most of the time, showing me where the bottleneck was. However, I got something unexpected. The top 4 methods were: [enterFrameEvent] - 84% cumulative, 32% self time [reap] - 20% cumulative and self time [tincan] - 8% cumulative and self time global.isNaN - 4% cumulative and self time All other methods had less than 1% for both cumulative and self time. From what I've found online, the [bracketed methods] are what the profiler lists when it doesn't have an actual Flex method to show. I saw someone claim that [tincan] is the processing of RTMP requests, and I assume [reap] is the garbage collector. Does anyone know what [enterFrameEvent] is actually doing? I assume it's essentially the "main" function for the event loop, so the high cumulative time is expected. But why is the self time so high? What's actually going on? I didn't expect the player internals to be taking up so much time, especially since nothing is actually happening in the app (and there are no UI updates going on). Is there any good way to find dig into what's happening? I know something is going on that shouldn't be (it looks like there must be some kind of busy wait or other runaway loop), but the profiler isn't giving me any results that I was expecting. My next step is going to be to start adding debug trace statements in various places to try and track down what's actually happening, but I feel like there has to be a better way.

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  • What is the merit of the "function" type (not "pointer to function")

    - by anatolyg
    Reading the C++ Standard, i see that there are "function" types and "pointer to function" types: typedef int func(int); // function typedef int (*pfunc)(int); // pointer to function typedef func* pfunc; // same as above I have never seen the function types used outside of examples (or maybe i didn't recognize their usage?). Some examples: func increase, decrease; // declares two functions int increase(int), decrease(int); // same as above int increase(int x) {return x + 1;} // cannot use the typedef when defining functions int decrease(int x) {return x - 1;} // cannot use the typedef when defining functions struct mystruct { func add, subtract, multiply; // declares three member functions int member; }; int mystruct::add(int x) {return x + member;} // cannot use the typedef int mystruct::subtract(int x) {return x - member;} int main() { func k; // the syntax is correct but the variable k is useless! mystruct myobject; myobject.member = 4; cout << increase(5) << ' ' << decrease(5) << '\n'; // outputs 6 and 4 cout << myobject.add(5) << ' ' << myobject.subtract(5) << '\n'; // 9 and 1 } Seeing that the function types support syntax that doesn't appear in C (declaring member functions), i guess they are not just a part of C baggage that C++ has to support for backward compatibility. So is there any use for function types, other than demonstrating some funky syntax?

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  • MySQL Paritioning performance

    - by Imran Pathan
    Measured performance on key partitioned tables and normal tables separately. But we couldn't find any performance improvement with partitioning. Queries are pruned. Using MySQL 5.1.47 on RHEL 4. Table details: UserUsage - Will have entries for user mobile number and data usage for each date. Mobile number and Date as PRI KEY. UserProfile - Queries prev table and stores summary for each mobile number. Mobile number PRI KEY. CREATE TABLE `UserUsage` ( `Msisdn` decimal(20,0) NOT NULL, `Date` date NOT NULL, . . PRIMARY KEY USING BTREE (`Msisdn`,`Date`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 PARTITION BY KEY(Msisdn) PARTITIONS 50; CREATE TABLE `UserProfile` ( `Msisdn` decimal(20,0) NOT NULL, . . PRIMARY KEY (`Msisdn`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 PARTITION BY KEY(Msisdn) PARTITIONS 50; Second table is updated by query select and order by date in first table in a perl program, query is select * from UserUsage where Msisdn=number order by Date desc limit 7 [Process data in perl] update UserProfile values(....) where Msisdn=number explain partition for select, shows row being scanned in a particular partition only. Is something wrong with partition design or queries as partitioning is taking almost same or more time compared to normal tables?

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  • Enumeration trouble: redeclared as different kind of symbol

    - by Matt
    Hello all. I am writing a program that is supposed to help me learn about enumeration data types in C++. The current trouble is that the compiler doesn't like my enum usage when trying to use the new data type as I would other data types. I am getting the error "redeclared as different kind of symbol" when compiling my trangleShape function. Take a look at the relevant code. Any insight is appreciated! Thanks! (All functions are their own .cpp files.) header file #ifndef HEADER_H_INCLUDED #define HEADER_H_INCLUDED #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; enum triangleType {noTriangle, scalene, isoceles, equilateral}; //prototypes void extern input(float&, float&, float&); triangleType extern triangleShape(float, float, float); /*void extern output (float, float, float);*/ void extern myLabel(const char *, const char *); #endif // HEADER_H_INCLUDED main function //8.1 main // this progam... #include "header.h" int main() { float sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3; char response; do //main loop { input (sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3); triangleShape (sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3); //output (sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3); cout << "\nAny more triangles to analyze? (y,n) "; cin >> response; } while (response == 'Y' || response == 'y'); myLabel ("8.1", "2/11/2011"); return 0; } triangleShape shape # include "header.h" triangleType triangleShape(sideLenght1, sideLength2, sideLength3) { triangleType triangle; return triangle; }

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  • Silverlight, Flash, or JavaScript for web app that runs client-side, or just stick with C#?

    - by Sootah
    Silverlight, Flash, and JavaScript, oh my.. I have a couple of applications that I need to develop for one of my business partners that will be distributed to dozens of people. These applications will need to be able to query information from the internet (query via Google, grab feeds from our other sites, just general web access) and save files to their computer. The reason I want to host the application is so that it all can be centrally managed, and any updates would be instantly deployed to everyone that uses the service. There always seems to be headaches with developing a pure desktop app in a language like C# with regards to making sure people use the latest version, don't have some odd problem with the installer, etc. Since we don't want to tie up our server's CPU I want effectively all of the processing done client-side. Meaning that they would log into their account, access the app, and then all the work done within the app is all handled by their machine. Only specific data would be sent back to the server. So - which language is best for this? Microsoft's Silverlight, Adobe's Flash, or Sun's JavaScript? I've heard a lot of good things about Silverlight and have wanted to try it for some time. I've only done extremely limited JavaScript programming, and absolutely none with Flash. Or, with my main requirement being that the client does all of its own processing should I just stick with C#? Also, is there any way to integrate a C# app into a webpage? I've never even considered it (or have any idea if it's even possible) until just now. Thanks in advance! -Sootah

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  • Implement a threading to prevent UI block on a bug in an async function

    - by Marcx
    I think I ran up againt a bug in an async function... Precisely the getDirectoryListingAsync() of the File class... This method is supposted to return an object containing the lists of files in a specified folder. I found that calling this method on a direcory with a lot of files (in my tests more than 20k files), after few seconds there is a block on the UI until the process is completed... I think that this method is separated in two main block: 1) get the list of files 2) create the array with the details of the files The point 1 seems to be async (for a few second the ui is responsive), then when the process pass from point 1 to point 2 the block of the UI occurs until the complete event is dispathed... Here's some (simple) code: private function checkFiles(dir:File):void { if (dir.exists) { dir.addEventListener( FileListEvent.DIRECTORY_LISTING, listaImmaginiLocale); dir.getDirectoryListingAsync(); // after this point, for the firsts seconds the UI respond well (point 1), // few seconds later (point 2) the UI is frozen } } private function listaImmaginiLocale( event:FileListEvent ):void { // from this point on the UI is responsive again... } Actually in my projects there are some function that perform an heavy cpu usage and to prevent the UI block I implemented a simple function that after some iteration will wait giving time to UI to be refreshed. private var maxIteration:int = 150000; private function sampleFunct(offset:int = 0) :void { if (offset < maxIteration) { // do something // call the recursive function using a timeout.. // if the offset in multiple by 1000 the function will wait 15 millisec, // otherwise it will be called immediately // 1000 is a random number for the pourpose of this example, but I usually change the // value based on how much heavy is the function itself... setTimeout(function():void{aaa(++offset);}, (offset%1000?15:0)); } } Using this method I got a good responsive UI without afflicting performance... I'd like to implement it into the getDirectoryListingAsync method but I don't know if it's possibile how can I do it where is the file to edit or extend.. Any suggestion???

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  • Which fieldtype is best for storing PRICE values?

    - by BerggreenDK
    Hi there I am wondering whats the best "price field" in MSSQL for a shoplike structure? Looking at this overview: http://www.teratrax.com/sql_guide/data_types/sql_server_data_types.html We have datatypes called money, smallmoney, then we have decimal/numeric and lastly float and real Name, memory/disk-usage and value ranges: Money: 8 bytes (values: -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to +922,337,203,685,477.5807) Smallmoney: 4 bytes (values: -214,748.3648 to +214,748.3647) Decimal: 9 [default, min. 5] bytes (values: -10^38 +1 to 10^38 -1 ) Float: 8 bytes (values: -1.79E+308 to 1.79E+308 ) Real: 4 bytes (values: -3.40E+38 to 3.40E+38 ) My question is: is it really wise to store pricevalues in those types? what about eg. INT? Int: 4 bytes (values: -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647) Lets say a shop uses dollars, they have cents, but I dont see prices being $49.2142342 so the use of a lot of decimals showing cents seems waste of SQL bandwidth. Secondly, most shops wouldn't show any prices near 200.000.000 (not in normal webshops at least... unless someone is trying to sell me a famous tower in Paris) So why not go for an int? An int is fast, its only 4 bytes and you can easily make decimals, by saving values in cents instead of dollars and then divide when you present the values. The other approach would be to use smallmoney which is 4 bytes too, but this will require the math part of the CPU to do the calc, where as Int is integer power... on the downside you will need to divide every single outcome. Are there any "currency" related problems with regionalsettings when using smallmoney/money fields? what will these transfer too in C#/.NET ? Any pros/cons? Go for integer prices or smallmoney or some other? Whats does your experience tell?

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  • What hash algorithms are paralellizable? Optimizing the hashing of large files utilizing on mult-co

    - by DanO
    I'm interested in optimizing the hashing of some large files (optimizing wall clock time). The I/O has been optimized well enough already and the I/O device (local SSD) is only tapped at about 25% of capacity, while one of the CPU cores is completely maxed-out. I have more cores available, and in the future will likely have even more cores. So far I've only been able to tap into more cores if I happen to need multiple hashes of the same file, say an MD5 AND a SHA256 at the same time. I can use the same I/O stream to feed two or more hash algorithms, and I get the faster algorithms done for free (as far as wall clock time). As I understand most hash algorithms, each new bit changes the entire result, and it is inherently challenging/impossible to do in parallel. Are any of the mainstream hash algorithms parallelizable? Are there any non-mainstream hashes that are parallelizable (and that have at least a sample implementation available)? As future CPUs will trend toward more cores and a leveling off in clock speed, is there any way to improve the performance of file hashing? (other than liquid nitrogen cooled overclocking?) or is it inherently non-parallelizable?

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  • User to kernel mode big picture?

    - by fsdfa
    I've to implement a char device, a LKM. I know some basics about OS, but I feel I don't have the big picture. In a C programm, when I call a syscall what I think it happens is that the CPU is changed to ring0, then goes to the syscall vector and jumps to a kernel memmory space function that handle it. (I think that it does int 0x80 and in eax is the offset of the syscall vector, not sure). Then, I'm in the syscall itself, but I guess that for the kernel is the same process that was before, only that it is in kernel mode, I mean the current PCB is the process that called the syscall. So far... so good?, correct me if something is wrong. Others questions... how can I write/read in process memory?. If in the syscall handler I refer to address, say, 0xbfffffff. What it means that address? physical one? Some virtual kernel one?

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  • c# - what approach can I use to extend a group of classes that include implemented methods? (see des

    - by Greg
    Hi, I want to create an extendible package I am writing that has Topology, Node & Relationship classes. The idea is these base classes would have the various methods in them necessary to base graph traversal methods etc. I would then like to be able to reuse this by extending the package. For example the base requirements might see Relationship with a parentNode & childNode. Topology would have a List of Nodes and List of Relationships. Topology would have methods like FindChildren(int depth). Then the usage would be to extend these such that additional attributes for Node and Relationships could be added etc. QUESTION - What would be the best approach to package & expose the base level classes/methods? (it's kind of like a custom collection but with multiple facets). Would the following concepts come into play: Interfaces - would this be a good idea to have ITopology, INode etc, or is this not required as the user would extend these classes anyway? Abstract Classes - would the base classes be abstract classes Custom Generic Collection - would some approach using this concept assist (but how would this work if there are the 3 different classes) thanks

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  • How do actually castings work at the CLR level?

    - by devoured elysium
    When doing an upcast or downcast, what does really happen behind the scenes? I had the idea that when doing something as: string myString = "abc"; object myObject = myString; string myStringBack = (string)myObject; the cast in the last line would have as only purpose tell the compiler we are safe we are not doing anything wrong. So, I had the idea that actually no casting code would be embedded in the code itself. It seems I was wrong: .maxstack 1 .locals init ( [0] string myString, [1] object myObject, [2] string myStringBack) L_0000: nop L_0001: ldstr "abc" L_0006: stloc.0 L_0007: ldloc.0 L_0008: stloc.1 L_0009: ldloc.1 L_000a: castclass string L_000f: stloc.2 L_0010: ret Why does the CLR need something like castclass string? There are two possible implementations for a downcast: You require a castclass something. When you get to the line of code that does an castclass, the CLR tries to make the cast. But then, what would happen had I ommited the castclass string line and tried to run the code? You don't require a castclass. As all reference types have a similar internal structure, if you try to use a string on an Form instance, it will throw an exception of wrong usage (because it detects a Form is not a string or any of its subtypes). Also, is the following statamente from C# 4.0 in a Nutshell correct? Upcasting and downcasting between compatible reference types performs reference conversions: a new reference is created that points to the same object. Does it really create a new reference? I thought it'd be the same reference, only stored in a different type of variable. Thanks

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  • What would you write in a Constitution (law book) for a programmers' country? [closed]

    - by Developer Art
    After we have got our great place to talk about professional matters and sozialize online - on SO, I believe the next logical step would be to found our own country! I invite you all to participate and bring together your available resources. We will buy an island, better even a group of islands so that we could establish states like .NET territories, Java land, Linux republic etc. We will build a society of programmers (girls - we need you too). To the organizational side, we're going to need some sort of a Constitution or a law book. I suggest we write it together. I make it a wiki as it should be a cooperative effort. I'll open the work. Section 1. Programmers' rights. Every citizen has a right to an Internet connection 24/7. Every citizen can freely choose the field of interest Section 2. Programmers' obligations. Every citizen must embrace the changing nature of the profession and constanly educate himself Section 3. Law enforcement. Code duplication when can be avoided is punished by limiting the bandwith speed to 64Kbit for a period of one week. Using ugly hacks instead of refactoring code is punished by cutting the Internet connection for a period of one month. Usage of technologies older than 5/10 years is punished by restricting the web access to the sites last updated 5/10 years ago for a period of one month. Please feel free to modify and extend the list. We'll need to have it ready before we proceed formally with the country foundation. A purchase fund will be established shortly. Everyone is invited to participate.

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