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  • Java 1.4 singleton containing a mutable field

    - by Philippe
    Hi, I'm working on a legacy Java 1.4 project, and I have a factory that instantiates a csv file parser as a singleton. In my csv file parser, however, I have a HashSet that will store objects created from each line of my CSV file. All that will be used by a web application, and users will be uploading CSV files, possibly concurrently. Now my question is : what is the best way to prevent my list of objects to be modified by 2 users ? So far, I'm doing the following : final class MyParser { private File csvFile = null; private static Set myObjects = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet); public synchronized void setFile(File file) { this.csvFile = file; } public void parse() FileReader fr = null; try { fr = new FileReader(csvFile); synchronized(myObjects) { myObjects.clear(); while(...) { // foreach line of my CSV, create a "MyObject" myObjects.add(new MyObject(...)); } } } catch (Exception e) { //... } } } Should I leave the lock only on the myObjects Set, or should I declare the whole parse() method as synchronized ? Also, how should I synchronize - both - the setting of the csvFile and the parsing ? I feel like my actual design is broken because threads could modify the csv file several times while a possibly long parse process is running. I hope I'm being clear enough, because myself am a bit confused on those multi-synchronization issues. Thanks ;-)

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  • algorithm optimization: returning object and sub-objects from single SQL statement in PHP

    - by pocketfullofcheese
    I have an object oriented PHP application. I have a simple hierarchy stored in an SQL table (Chapters and Authors that can be assigned to a chapter). I wrote the following method to fetch the chapters and the authors in a single query and then loop through the result, figuring out which rows belong to the same chapter and creating both Chapter objects and arrays of Author objects. However, I feel like this can be made a lot neater. Can someone help? function getChaptersWithAuthors($monographId, $rangeInfo = null) { $result =& $this->retrieveRange( 'SELECT mc.chapter_id, mc.monograph_id, mc.chapter_seq, ma.author_id, ma.monograph_id, mca.primary_contact, mca.seq, ma.first_name, ma.middle_name, ma.last_name, ma.affiliation, ma.country, ma.email, ma.url FROM monograph_chapters mc LEFT JOIN monograph_chapter_authors mca ON mc.chapter_id = mca.chapter_id LEFT JOIN monograph_authors ma ON ma.author_id = mca.author_id WHERE mc.monograph_id = ? ORDER BY mc.chapter_seq, mca.seq', $monographId, $rangeInfo ); $chapterAuthorDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('ChapterAuthorDAO'); $chapters = array(); $authors = array(); while (!$result->EOF) { $row = $result->GetRowAssoc(false); // initialize $currentChapterId for the first row if ( !isset($currentChapterId) ) $currentChapterId = $row['chapter_id']; if ( $row['chapter_id'] != $currentChapterId) { // we're on a new row. create a chapter from the previous one $chapter =& $this->_returnFromRow($prevRow); // set the authors with all the authors found so far $chapter->setAuthors($authors); // clear the authors array unset($authors); $authors = array(); // add the chapters to the returner $chapters[$currentChapterId] =& $chapter; // set the current id for this row $currentChapterId = $row['chapter_id']; } // add every author to the authors array if ( $row['author_id'] ) $authors[$row['author_id']] =& $chapterAuthorDao->_returnFromRow($row); // keep a copy of the previous row for creating the chapter once we're on a new chapter row $prevRow = $row; $result->MoveNext(); if ( $result->EOF ) { // The result set is at the end $chapter =& $this->_returnFromRow($row); // set the authors with all the authors found so far $chapter->setAuthors($authors); unset($authors); // add the chapters to the returner $chapters[$currentChapterId] =& $chapter; } } $result->Close(); unset($result); return $chapters; } PS: the _returnFromRow methods simply construct an Chapter or Author object given the SQL row. If needed, I can post those methods here.

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  • Windows forms application blocks after station lock

    - by Silviu
    We're having a serious issue at work. We've discovered that after the station where the client was running is locked/unlocked the client is blocked. No repaint. So the UI thread is blocked with something. Looking at the callstack of the UI thread (thread 0) using windbg we see that a UserPreferenceChanged event gets raised. It is marshalled through a WindowsFormsSynchronizationContext using it's controlToSend field to the UI. It gets blocked by a call to the marshalling control. The method called is MarshaledInvoke it builds a ThreadMethodEntry entry = new ThreadMethodEntry(caller, method, args, synchronous, executionContext); This entry is supposed to do the magic. The call is a synchronous call and because of that (still in the MarshaledInvoke of the Control class) the wait call is reached: if (!entry.IsCompleted) { this.WaitForWaitHandle(entry.AsyncWaitHandle); } The last thing that i can see on the stack is the WaitOne called on the previously mentioned AsyncWaitHandle. This is very annoying because having just the callstack of the runtime and not one of our methods being invoked we cannot really point to a bug in our code. I might be wrong, but I'm guessing that the marshaling control is not "marshaling" to the ui thread. But another one...i don't really know which one because the other threads are being used by us and are blocked...maybe this is the issue. But none of the other threads are running a message loop. This is very annoying. We had some issues in the past with marshaling controls to the right ui thread. That is because the first form that is constructed is a splash form. Which is not the main form. We used to use the main form to marshal call to the ui thread. But from time to time some calls would go to a non ui thread and some grids would broke with a big red X on them. I fixed this by creating a specific class: public class WindowsFormsSynchronizer { private static readonly WindowsFormsSynchronizationContext = new WindowsFormsSynchronizationContext(); //Methods are following that would build the same interface of the synchronization context. } This class gets build as one of the first objects in the first form being constructed. We've noticed some other strange thing. Looking at the heap there are 7 WindowsFormsSynchronizationContext objects. 6 of these have the same instance of controlToSend, and the other one has some different instance of controlToSend. This last one is the one that should marshal the calls to the UI. I don't have any other idea...maybe some of you guys had this same issue?

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  • Video Game Bots?

    - by cam
    Something I've always wondered, especially since it inspired me to start programming when I was a kid, was how video game bots work? I'm sure there are a lot of different methods, but what about automation for MMORPGs? Or even FPS-type bots?

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  • WinForms Load Event / Static Initialization Strangeness

    - by Eric J.
    Background I'm troubleshooting an WinForms 2.0 program that's already been burned to CD for distribution to an internet-challenged target audience. Some users are experiencing a fatal error that I can reproduce locally. Reproducing the Error I get the fatal error when I log into my Vista box using a standard user that I just created, even if I run the program as administrator. I do not get the fatal error when I log in as local administrator. I'm not sure that being administrator is necessarily the trigger (since runas did not help). I have reproduced this half a dozen times under each account with consistent results. The faulty code Base.cs (base class for several user controls, only one of which is shown on first screen) private void BaseWindow_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { // This message shown once in both cases MessageBox.Show("BaseWindow_Load for " + this.GetType().FullName); SkinManager.ApplySkin(this); } SkinManager.cs private static Skin skin = null; public static void ApplySkin(UserControl applyTo) { if (skin == null) { skin = new Skin(SkinsDirectory, "Default"); } } Skin.cs internal Skin(string skinPath, string skinName) { config = SkinConfig.Load(path); } SkinConfig.cs public static SkinConfig Load(string path) { // This message shown only once running as Admin but twice running as standard user System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("@1"); // !!! LOCK path HERE !!! } A user control loads on the first form, which triggers a call to SkinManager.ApplySkin, which checks if skin is null and, if so assigns it (without thread synchronization or recursion protection), which ultimately causes a file to be opened. When logged in as local admin, that sequence completes just fine. When logged in as my test standard user, ApplySkin is always called a second time while skin is still null, causing a second attempt to load, causing the file to be locked on the second attempt. The error handling is draconian at this point and the program terminates. The Question While this code can be easily fixed, I would like to understand why the error is happening only in some cases.

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  • Amazon EC2 and jbossws

    - by avjaz
    Hi - I've deployed a webservice to a Jboss instance running on Amazon EC2. The webservice works fine locally, but when I deploy on EC2, and go to the /jbossws/services page the Endpoint Address for the webservice is the private DNS of the ec2 instance (domU-X-X-X-X etc...), not the public dns (which I would like it to be). I've tried loading the wsdl by changing the private hostname to the public IP; that works, but when I try to call any of the operations I get a HostNotFoundException, I'm guessing due to the fact that the generated wsdl has the stanza: <service name='XXXService'> <port binding='tns:XXXBinding' name='XXXPort'> <soap:address location='http://domU-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX.compute-1.internal:8080/xx/xx/xx'/> </port> </service> where http://domU-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX.compute-1.internal is the internal dns of the ec2 instance. The wsdl is auto generated - Is there a JAXB annotation I can use so that I can force the generated wsdl to use the public dns of the EC2 instance? Many thanks -

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  • How to create Fibonacci Sequence in Java

    - by rfkrocktk
    I really suck at math. I mean, I REALLY suck at math. I'm trying to make a simple fibonacci sequence class for an algorithm I'll be using. I have seen the python example which looks something like this: a = 0 b = 1 while b < 10: print b a, b = b, b+a The problem is that I can't really make this work in any other language. I'd like to make it work in Java, since I can pretty much translate it into the other languages I use from there. This is the general thought: public class FibonacciAlgorithm { private Integer a = 0; private Integer b = 1; public FibonacciAlgorithm() { } public Integer increment() { a = b; b = a + b; return value; } public Integer getValue() { return b; } } All that I end up with is doubling, which I could do with multiplication :( Can anyone help me out? Math pwns me.

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  • Spring HibernateTemplate: how it deals with transactions?

    - by EugeneP
    Could you explain, what happens behind the scene? Transaction management when using this template in Spring is absolutely unclear. What if I invoke 10 DAO methods that all use the same Hibernatetemplate and I invoke them one after another? Every method runs within its own transaction? It's not effective is not it?

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  • PHP Equivalent of Java Type-Casting Solution

    - by stjowa
    Since PHP has no custom-class type-casting, how would I go about doing the PHP equivalent of this Java code: CustomBaseObject cusBaseObject = cusBaseObjectDao.readCustomBaseObjectById(id); ((CustomChildObject) cusBaseObject).setChildAttribute1(value1); ((CustomChildObject) cusBaseObject).setChildAttribute2(value2); In my case, it would very nice if I could do this. However, trying this without type-casting support, it gives me an error that the methods do not exist for the object. Thanks, Steve

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  • Synchronize DataGrid and DataForm in Silverlight 3

    - by SpiralGray
    I've been banging my head against the wall for a couple of days on this and it's time to ask for help. I've got a DataGrid and DataForm on the same UserControl. I'm using an MVVM approach so there is a single ViewModel for the UserControl. That ViewModel has a couple of properties that are relevant to this discussion: public ObservableCollection<VehicleViewModel> Vehicles { get; private set; } public VehicleViewModel SelectedVehicle { get { return selectedVehicle; } private set { selectedVehicle = value; OnPropertyChanged( "SelectedVehicle" ); } } In the XAML I've got the DataGrid and DataForm defined as follows: <data:DataGrid SelectionMode="Single" ItemsSource="{Binding Vehicles}" SelectedItem="{Binding SelectedVehicle, Mode=TwoWay}" AutoGenerateColumns="False" IsReadOnly="True"> <dataFormToolkit:DataForm CurrentItem="{Binding SelectedVehicle}" /> So as the SelectedItem changes on the DataGrid it should push that change back to the ViewModel and when the ViewModel raises the OnPropertyChanged the DataForm should refresh itself with the information for the newly-selected VehicleViewModel. However, the setter for SelectedVehicle is never being called and in the Output window of VS I'm seeing the following error: System.Windows.Data Error: ConvertBack cannot convert value 'xxxx.ViewModel.VehicleViewModel' (type 'xxxx.ViewModel.VehicleViewModel'). BindingExpression: Path='SelectedVehicle' DataItem='xxxx.ViewModel.MainViewModel' (HashCode=31664161); target element is 'System.Windows.Controls.DataGrid' (Name=''); target property is 'SelectedItem' (type 'System.Object').. System.MethodAccessException: xxxx.ViewModel.MainViewModel.set_SelectedVehicle(xxxx.ViewModel.VehicleViewModel) It sounds like it's having a problem converting from a VehicleViewModel to an object (or back again), but I'm confused as to why that would be (or even if I'm on the right track with that assumption). Each row/item in the DataGrid should be a VehicleViewModel (because the ItemsSource is bound to an ObservableCollection of that type), so when the SelectedItem changes it should be dealing with an instance of VehicleViewModel. Any insight would be appreciated.

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  • Webdev.Webserver has stopped working

    - by Alexander
    When I execute the code saveXML below it generates the error above, why?? using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Xml.Serialization; using System.IO; /// <summary> /// Summary description for Post /// </summary> public class Post { private int postIDCounter = 0; private String DateCreated; public Post() { Author = "unknown"; Title = "unkown"; Content = ""; DateCreated = DateTime.Now.ToString(); ID = postIDCounter++; } public int ID { get { return ID; } set { if (ID != value) ID = value; } } public string Author { get { return Author; } set { if (Author != value) Author = value; } } public string Title { get { return Title; } set { if (Title != value) Title = value; } } public string Content { get { return Content; } set { if (Content != value) Content = value; } } public void saveXML() { XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Post)); Stream writer = new FileStream("..'\'App_Data'\'posts'\'" + new Guid(ID.ToString()).ToString() + ".xml", FileMode.Create); serializer.Serialize(writer, this); writer.Close(); } }

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  • C# .Net Serial DataReceived Event response too slow for high-rate data.

    - by Matthew
    Hi, I have set up a SerialDataReceivedEventHandler, with a forms based program in VS2008 express. My serial port is set up as follows: 115200, 8N1 Dtr and Rts enabled ReceivedBytesThreshold = 1 I have a device I am interfacing with over a BlueTooth, USB to Serial. Hyper terminal receives the data just fine at any data rate. The data is sent regularly in 22 byte long packets. This device has an adjustable rate at which data is sent. At low data rates, 10-20Hz, the code below works great, no problems. However, when I increase the data rate past 25Hz, there starts to recieve mulitple packets on one call. What I mean by this is that there should be a event trigger for every incoming packet. With higher output rates, I have tested the buffer size (BytesToRead command) immediatly when the event is called and there are multiple packets in the buffer then. I think that the event fires slowly and by the time it reaches the code, more packes have hit the buffer. One test I do is see how many time the event is trigger per second. At 10Hz, I get 10 event triggers, awesome. At 100Hz, I get something like 40 event triggers, not good. My goal for data rate is 100HZ is acceptable, 200Hz preferred, and 300Hz optimum. This should work because even at 300Hz, that is only 52800bps, less than half of the set 115200 baud rate. Anything I am over looking? public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); serialPort1.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(serialPort1_DataReceived); } private void serialPort1_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e) { this.Invoke(new EventHandler(Display_Results)); } private void Display_Results(object s, EventArgs e) { serialPort1.Read(IMU, 0, serial_Port1.BytesToRead); }

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  • ASP.NET MVC Users unable to login after password change, and being locked out.

    - by Russell Kay
    All, I have a website that is in use and has several users, using the MySqlMembershipProvider. We have had a few users that have been locked out (for some reason) and recently I unlocked them and reset the passwords, using the MembershipUser.UnlockUser and MembershipUser.ResetPassword methods. Now they are definitely marked in the database as Unlocked and the password has been reset, but they still cannot log in. Does anyone have any ideas why this might happen?

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  • Black hat knowledge for white hat programmers

    - by Dinah
    There's always skepticism from non-programmers when honest developers learn the techniques of black hat hackers. Obviously though, we need to learn many of their tricks so we can keep our own security up to par. To what extent do you think an honest programmer needs to know the methods of malicious programmers?

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  • Deserialize generic collections - coming up empty

    - by AC
    I've got a settings object for my app that has two collections in it. The collections are simple List generics that contain a collection of property bags. When I serialize it, everything is saved with no problem: XmlSerializer x = new XmlSerializer(settings.GetType()); TextWriter tw = new StreamWriter(@"c:\temp\settings.cpt"); x.Serialize(tw, settings); However when I deserialize it, everything is restored except for the two collections (verified by setting a breakpoint on the setters: XmlSerializer x = new XmlSerializer(typeof(CourseSettings)); XmlReader tr = XmlReader.Create(@"c:\temp\settings.cpt"); this.DataContext = (CourseSettings)x.Deserialize(tr); What would cause this? Everything is pretty vanilla... here's a snippet from the settings object... omitting most of it. The PresentationSourceDirectory works just fine, but the PresentationModules' setter isn't hit: private string _presentationSourceDirectory = string.Empty; public string PresentationSourceDirectory { get { return _presentationSourceDirectory; } set { if (_presentationSourceDirectory != value) { OnPropertyChanged("PresentationSourceDirectory"); _presentationSourceDirectory = value; } } } private List<Module> _presentationModules = new List<Module>(); public List<Module> PresentationModules { get { var sortedModules = from m in _presentationModules orderby m.ModuleOrder select m; return sortedModules.ToList<Module>(); } set { if (_presentationModules != value) { _presentationModules = value; OnPropertyChanged("PresentationModules"); } } }

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  • How to enable OutputCache with an IHttpHandler

    - by Joseph Kingry
    I have an IHttpHandler that I would like to hook into the OutputCache support so I can offload cached data to the IIS kernel. I know MVC must do this somehow, I found this in OutputCacheAttribute: public override void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext filterContext) { if (filterContext == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("filterContext"); } // we need to call ProcessRequest() since there's no other way to set the Page.Response intrinsic OutputCachedPage page = new OutputCachedPage(_cacheSettings); page.ProcessRequest(HttpContext.Current); } private sealed class OutputCachedPage : Page { private OutputCacheParameters _cacheSettings; public OutputCachedPage(OutputCacheParameters cacheSettings) { // Tracing requires Page IDs to be unique. ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); _cacheSettings = cacheSettings; } protected override void FrameworkInitialize() { // when you put the <%@ OutputCache %> directive on a page, the generated code calls InitOutputCache() from here base.FrameworkInitialize(); InitOutputCache(_cacheSettings); } } But not sure how to apply this to an IHttpHandler. Tried something like this, but of course this doesn't work: public class CacheTest : IHttpHandler { public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) { OutputCacheParameters p = new OutputCacheParameters { Duration = 3600, Enabled = true, VaryByParam = "none", Location = OutputCacheLocation.Server }; OutputCachedPage page = new OutputCachedPage(p); page.ProcessRequest(context); context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain"; context.Response.Write(DateTime.Now.ToString()); context.Response.End(); } public bool IsReusable { get { return true; } } }

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  • Getting PHP error/warnings when using CodeIgniter 2 to send email

    - by Sparky672
    I'm using Ion Auth and trying to implement the forgotten password feature which relies upon an email being sent from CI. My LAMP server is on a shared cPanel account and uses sendmail. However, I have the ability to over-ride any PHP settings with my own php.ini file in the public_html directory. As per the CodeIgniter 2 documentation for configuring email sending, I have done the following... 1) created a file called located at application/config/email.php 2) email.php contains this code: <?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed'); /* | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | EMAIL SENDING SETTINGS | ------------------------------------------------------------------- */ $config['protocol'] = 'sendmail'; /* End of file email.php */ /* Location: ./application/config/email.php */ 3) The in the application/config/ion_auth.php file, I set this value to TRUE $config['use_ci_email'] = TRUE; The email is successfully sent, but I get a variety of PHP Error Warnings on all pages. These appear on all pages, sometimes two or three times in a row: A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Warning Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are required to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EST/-5.0/no DST' instead Filename: libraries/Email.php Line Number: 704 A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Warning Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are required to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EST/-5.0/no DST' instead Filename: libraries/Email.php Line Number: 709 In addition to the above, these two also show up after the forgotten password form is submitted: A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Warning Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/username/codeigniter/system/core/Exceptions.php:185) Filename: libraries/Session.php Line Number: 675 A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Warning Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/username/codeigniter/system/core/Exceptions.php:185) Filename: helpers/url_helper.php Line Number: 540 I'm not sure why I would be getting these Error Warnings or how else I am supposed to configure my email sending options. I don't see any other email sending options in the documentation that is related to these particular Warning Messages. When I remove my config/email.php file AND set Ion Auth's use_ci_email to FALSE, the Error Warnings go away. Where did I go wrong? Just before I hit the submit button, I solved this problem. I'm still going to post this question as a learning experience for others. If nobody solves this after a reasonable amount of time, I'll post the solution.

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  • add elements to WPF Grid

    - by Konrad
    I wanted to make a function that populates a Grid in WPF with pictures. So I did that: private void setCellImage(Grid g, Image img, int column, int row) { Grid.SetColumn(img, column); Grid.SetRow(img, row); if (!g.Children.Contains(img)) g.Children.Add(img); g.UpdateLayout(); } And was using it by calling in that way: for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) for(int j=0; j<15; j++) setCellImage(gameMap,background, i, j); But it wasn't working. it populated a grid only in cell 14,14 leaving all other cells blank. I thought that it may be my mistake that I should use another instances of Image but it wasn't that: private void setCellImage(Grid g, Image img, int column, int row) { Image _img = new Image(); _img = img; Grid.SetColumn(_img, column); Grid.SetRow(_img, row); if (!g.Children.Contains(_img)) g.Children.Add(_img); g.UpdateLayout(); } This thing is still not working.

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  • Create a screen like the iPhone home screen with Scrollview and Buttons

    - by Anthony Chan
    Hi, I'm working on a project and need to create a screen similar to the iPhone home screen: A scrollview with multiple pages A bunch of icons When not in edit mode, swipe through different pages (even I started the touch on an icon) When not in edit mode, tap an icon to do something When in edit mode, drag the icon to swap places, and even swap to different pages When in edit mode, tap an icon to remove it Previously I read from several forums that I have to subclass UIScrollview in order to have touch input for the UIViews on top of it. So I subclassed it overriding the methods to handle touches: - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { //If not dragging, send event to next responder if (!self.dragging) [self.nextResponder touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event]; else [super touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event]; } In general I've override the touchesBegan:, touchesMoved: and touchesEnded: methods similarly. Then in the view controller, I added to following code: - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject]; UIView *hitView = (UIView *)touch.view; if ([hitView isKindOfClass:[UIView class]]) { [hitView doSomething]; NSLog(@"touchesBegan"); } } - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { // Some codes to move the icons NSLog(@"touchesMoved"); } - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { NSLog(@"touchesEnded"); } When I run the app, I have the touchesBegan method detected correctly. However, when I tried to drag the icon, the icon just moved a tiny bit and then the page started to scroll. In console, it logged with 2 or 3 "touchesMoved" message only. However, I learned from another project that it should logged tonnes of "touchesMoved" message as long as I'm still dragging on the screen. (I'm suspecting I have the delaysContentTouches set to YES, so it delays a little bit when I tried to drag the icons. After that minor delay, it sends to signal back to the scrollview to scroll through the page. Please correct me if I'm wrong.) So if any help on the code to perform the above tasks would be greatly appreciated. I've stuck in this place for nearly a week with no hope. Thanks a lot.

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  • class, dict, self, init, args ?

    - by kame
    class attrdict(dict): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): dict.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) self.__dict__ = self a = attrdict(x=1, y=2) print a.x, a.y b = attrdict() b.x, b.y = 1, 2 print b.x, b.y Could somebody explain the first four lines in words? I read about classes and methods. But here it seems very confusing.

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  • Grails- Unique constraint

    - by WaZ
    How can I basically carry out a unique constraint on a string data-type field. class User{ String username String Email static hasMany = [roles:Roles] static constraints = { Email(email:true) username(unique:true) } Is there any simple way to implement username(unique:true) or I will have to manually check the database by the in-built methods like .findByNameLike. My need is that username should be unique and should be case insensitive

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  • Determine the 'Overtype' mode using Javascript

    - by Snorkpete
    We are creating a web app to replace an old-school green-screen application. In the green-screen app, as the user presses the Insert key to switch between overtype and insert modes, the cursor changes to indicate which input mode the user is currently in. In IE (which is the official browser of the company), overtype mode also works, but there's no visual indication as to whether overtype mode is on or not, until the user starts typing and possibly over-writes existing information unexpectedly. I'd like to put some sort of visual indicator on the screen if in overtype mode. How can you determine if the browser is in 'overtype mode' from Javascript? Is there some property or function i can query to determine if the browser is in overtype mode? Even an IE-specific solution would be helpful, since our corporate policy dictates the browser to use as IE7 (pure torture, btw). (I do know that one solution is to do check for key presses of the Insert key. However, it's a solution that I'd prefer to avoid since that method seems a bit flaky & error-prone because I can't guarantee what mode the user would be in BEFORE he/she hits my page. ) The reasoning behind this question: The functionality of this portion of the green-screen app is such that the user can select from a list of 'preformatted bodies of text'. crude eg. The excess for this policy is: $xxxxxx and max limit is:$xxxxxx Date of policy is: xx/xx/xxxx and expires : xx/xx/xxxx Some other irrelevant text After selecting this 'preformatted text', the user would then use overtype to replace the x's with actual values, without disturbing the alignment of the rest of the text. (To be clear, they can still edit any part of the 'preformatted text' if they so wished. It's just that usually, they just wish to replace specific portions of the text. Keeping the alignment is important since these sections of text can end up on printed documents.) Of course, the same effect can be achieved by just selecting the x's to replace first, but it would be helpful (with respect to easing the transition to the web app) to allow old methods of doing things to continue to work, while still allowing 'web methods' to be used by the more tech-savvy users. Essentially, we're trying to make the initial transition from the green-screen app to the web app be as seemless as possible to minimise the resistance from the long-time green-screeners.

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