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• Improving TCP performance over a gigabit network with lots of connections and high traffic of small packets

  - by MinimeDJ

  I’m trying to improve my TCP throughput over a “gigabit network with lots of connections and high traffic of small packets”. My server OS is Ubuntu 11.10 Server 64bit. There are about 50.000 (and growing) clients connected to my server through TCP Sockets (all on the same port). 95% of of my packets have size of 1-150 bytes (TCP header and payload). The rest 5% vary from 150 up to 4096+ bytes. With the config below my server can handle traffic up to 30 Mbps (full duplex). Can you please advice best practice to tune OS for my needs? My /etc/sysctl.cong looks like this: kernel.pid_max = 1000000 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 2500 65000 fs.file-max = 1000000 # net.core.netdev_max_backlog=3000 net.ipv4.tcp_sack=0 # net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.core.somaxconn = 2048 # net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216 # net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 50576 64768 98152 # net.core.wmem_default = 65536 net.core.rmem_default = 65536 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1 # net.ipv4.tcp_mem= 98304 131072 196608 # net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337 = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=cubic net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 0 # net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 8192 Here are my limits: $ ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 193045 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1000000 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 1000000 [ADDED] My NICs are the following: $ dmesg | grep Broad [ 2.473081] Broadcom NetXtreme II 5771x 10Gigabit Ethernet Driver bnx2x 1.62.12-0 (2011/03/20) [ 2.477808] bnx2x 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Broadcom NetXtreme II BCM57711E XGb (A0) PCI-E x4 5GHz (Gen2) found at mem fb000000, IRQ 28, node addr d8:d3:85:bd:23:08 [ 2.482556] bnx2x 0000:02:00.1: eth1: Broadcom NetXtreme II BCM57711E XGb (A0) PCI-E x4 5GHz (Gen2) found at mem fa000000, IRQ 40, node addr d8:d3:85:bd:23:0c [ADDED 2] ethtool -k eth0 Offload parameters for eth0: rx-checksumming: on tx-checksumming: on scatter-gather: on tcp-segmentation-offload: on udp-fragmentation-offload: off generic-segmentation-offload: on generic-receive-offload: on large-receive-offload: on rx-vlan-offload: on tx-vlan-offload: on ntuple-filters: off receive-hashing: off [ADDED 3] sudo ethtool -S eth0|grep -vw 0 NIC statistics: [1]: rx_bytes: 17521104292 [1]: rx_ucast_packets: 118326392 [1]: tx_bytes: 35351475694 [1]: tx_ucast_packets: 191723897 [2]: rx_bytes: 16569945203 [2]: rx_ucast_packets: 114055437 [2]: tx_bytes: 36748975961 [2]: tx_ucast_packets: 194800859 [3]: rx_bytes: 16222309010 [3]: rx_ucast_packets: 109397802 [3]: tx_bytes: 36034786682 [3]: tx_ucast_packets: 198238209 [4]: rx_bytes: 14884911384 [4]: rx_ucast_packets: 104081414 [4]: rx_discards: 5828 [4]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [4]: tx_bytes: 35663361789 [4]: tx_ucast_packets: 194024824 [5]: rx_bytes: 16465075461 [5]: rx_ucast_packets: 110637200 [5]: tx_bytes: 43720432434 [5]: tx_ucast_packets: 202041894 [6]: rx_bytes: 16788706505 [6]: rx_ucast_packets: 113123182 [6]: tx_bytes: 38443961940 [6]: tx_ucast_packets: 202415075 [7]: rx_bytes: 16287423304 [7]: rx_ucast_packets: 110369475 [7]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [7]: tx_bytes: 35104168638 [7]: tx_ucast_packets: 184905201 [8]: rx_bytes: 12689721791 [8]: rx_ucast_packets: 87616037 [8]: rx_discards: 2638 [8]: tx_bytes: 36133395431 [8]: tx_ucast_packets: 196547264 [9]: rx_bytes: 15007548011 [9]: rx_ucast_packets: 98183525 [9]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [9]: tx_bytes: 34871314517 [9]: tx_ucast_packets: 188532637 [9]: tx_mcast_packets: 12 [10]: rx_bytes: 12112044826 [10]: rx_ucast_packets: 84335465 [10]: rx_discards: 2494 [10]: tx_bytes: 36562151913 [10]: tx_ucast_packets: 195658548 [11]: rx_bytes: 12873153712 [11]: rx_ucast_packets: 89305791 [11]: rx_discards: 2990 [11]: tx_bytes: 36348541675 [11]: tx_ucast_packets: 194155226 [12]: rx_bytes: 12768100958 [12]: rx_ucast_packets: 89350917 [12]: rx_discards: 2667 [12]: tx_bytes: 35730240389 [12]: tx_ucast_packets: 192254480 [13]: rx_bytes: 14533227468 [13]: rx_ucast_packets: 98139795 [13]: tx_bytes: 35954232494 [13]: tx_ucast_packets: 194573612 [13]: tx_bcast_packets: 2 [14]: rx_bytes: 13258647069 [14]: rx_ucast_packets: 92856762 [14]: rx_discards: 3509 [14]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [14]: tx_bytes: 35663586641 [14]: tx_ucast_packets: 189661305 rx_bytes: 226125043936 rx_ucast_packets: 1536428109 rx_bcast_packets: 351 rx_discards: 20126 rx_filtered_packets: 8694 rx_csum_offload_errors: 11 tx_bytes: 548442367057 tx_ucast_packets: 2915571846 tx_mcast_packets: 12 tx_bcast_packets: 2 tx_64_byte_packets: 35417154 tx_65_to_127_byte_packets: 2006984660 tx_128_to_255_byte_packets: 373733514 tx_256_to_511_byte_packets: 378121090 tx_512_to_1023_byte_packets: 77643490 tx_1024_to_1522_byte_packets: 43669214 tx_pause_frames: 228 Some info about SACK: When to turn TCP SACK off?

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• Where to find small programming contracts (in the UK if possible)?

  - by joshcomley

  Is there a good site to use where I can find odd jobs for programming? I am talking about a bit of HTML here, some C# there - small apps and so on. "Nugget work", if you will! Edit: Made it a community wiki because I don't feel there will be one super-right answer, there might be a bunch of good options suggested

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• What programming language should I use to create small, native Windows Applications?

  - by Xinxua

  I want to develop an application that runs on any Windows platform (Windows XP, Vista, or Windows 7) but does not require a dependency like the .NET Framework or JVM. I have given the other requirements below: Runs in any windows platform Must have GUI libraries to create windows/primitive controls The output .exe should also be very small, which negates the use of the .NET Framework. Any suggestions for this requirement?

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• How to get a html elements with python lxml

  - by Damiano

  Hello! I have this html code: <table> <tr> <td class="test"><b><a href="">aaa</a></b></td> <td class="test">bbb</td> <td class="test">ccc</td> <td class="test"><small>ddd</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="test"><b><a href="">eee</a></b></td> <td class="test">fff</td> <td class="test">ggg</td> <td class="test"><small>hhh</small></td> </tr> </table> I use this Python code to extract all <td class="test"> with lxml module. import urllib2 import lxml.html code = urllib.urlopen("http://www.example.com/page.html").read() html = lxml.html.fromstring(code) result = html.xpath('//td[@class="test"][position() = 1 or position() = 4]') It works good! The result is: <td class="test"><b><a href="">aaa</a></b></td> <td class="test"><small>ddd</small></td> <td class="test"><b><a href="">eee</a></b></td> <td class="test"><small>hhh</small></td> (so the first and the fourth column of each <tr>) Now, I have to extract: aaa (the title of the link) ddd (text between <small> tag) eee (the title of the link) hhh (text between <small> tag) How could I extract these values? (the problem is that I have to remove <b> tag and get the title of the anchor on the first column and remove <small> tag on the forth column) Thank you!

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• If I register a domain name using a service like A Small Orange, how can I know they are registering

  - by Sergio Tapia

  I have a great name for a website and it's available, but I don't really know how to register a domain name using a barebones website; that's why I want to use A Small Orange-like service. My question is, is it standard procedure to register the name on YOUR(the costumers) behalf, or do companies set it up on their name so they can profit from hits if in the future you stop paying for the hosting?

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• Is entity frameworth worth moving to for a new small app?

  - by Greg

  Hi Is entity frameworth worth moving to for a new small app? About 10 tables and a WinForms app. ie the alternative being DataTables/DataRows or Linq-to-SQL

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• How can I create a small relational database in MySQL?

  - by Sergio Tapia

  I need to make a small database in MySQL that has two tables. Clothes and ClotheType Clothes has: ID, Name, Color, Brand, Price, ClotheTypeID ClotheType has: ID, Description In Microsoft SQL it would be: create table Clothes( id int, primary key(id), name varchar(200), color varchar(200), brand varchar(200), price varchar(200), clothetypeid int, foreign key clothetypeid references ClotheType(id) ) I need this in MySQL.

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• Is Entity Framework worth moving to for a new small app?

  - by Greg

  Hi Is Entity Framework worth moving to for a new small app? About 10 tables and a WinForms app. ie the alternative being DataTables/DataRows or Linq-to-SQL

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• Is there any good (eazy, small) sample of working with google openid? (php)

  - by Ole Jak

  Is there any good (eazy to understend, small - not lotof code lines) sample of working with google openid? (php) - What I need is to see how to get users name from google openId ; a good way of how to integrate openid into my current users DB (tooday in DB I have table user with name and pass)? and how to get any Idea about if useris currently loged in from this computer with openId?

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• What is the recomended setup for a small .net/php development shop?

  - by JaSk

  First of all I don't know if it this question belongs here if not please tell me. I've recently evolved from freelancer to a small .net/php development shop and we're trying to figure out what the best tools for team development will be (code repository, continuos integration server, automated testing, etc.). Do you have some recommendations, preferible open source or low cost since we are starting out. (We already have visual studio for all the team members). Thanks

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• Looking for a jquery plugin to resize/expand browser if too small?

  - by goodan

  Is there a jquery way or plugin to detect the visitor's browser window size when they first come to the page and auto stretch the browser for them if it's too small? It's a pretty common thing that I've seen done a few times, so I'm guessing someone here will know about it.

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• Four byte encoding of U+00F6 (LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS)?

  - by knorv

  Which character encoding represents the character ö (U+00F6, LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS or simply put chr(246) in ISO-8859-1) as the four octets combination chr(195) . chr(63) . chr(194) . chr(164)?

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• Is it possible to produce a small preview or thumbnail image of a Crystal report in code?

  - by Lawrence Johnston

  I'm using Crystal to display the reports in my project, and I'd like to be able to display a small preview or thumbnail image of the report to the user when he or she is picking a report to display from my UI. Is there any way to produce these thumbnails dynamically from code? The user has the option to add or remove reports by adding or removing them from the reports folder, so just making all the thumbnail images by hand isn't really an option.

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• Hi, i want to implement a small routing table for my learning? I know it is implemented using radix/

  - by aks

  Hi, i want to implement a small routing table for my learning? I know it is implemented using radix/patricia tree in routers? Can someone give me an idea on how to go about implementing the same? The major issue i feel is storing IP ADDRESS. For example : 10.1.1.0 network next hop 20.1.1.1 10.1.0.0 network next hop 40.1.1.1 Can someone give me a declaration of the struct from which i can have an idea?

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• xslt + javascript -> a full functional small scale web site?

  - by user311884

  is it possible to build a full functional, small scaled website, without java or python or perl or php? and with xml files as simple data storage? therefore, i can move my website any where I want..... any experiences like this to share? thanks.

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• Solve:Value was either too large or too small for an Int32.

  - by jithincool

  I am passing query string and the url is as follows- http://localhost:1086/Web/EditMobile.aspx?sno=2. But when i try to enter the url as follows,localhost:1086/Web/EditMobile.aspx?sno=2*3424324423432424* , i get the following error-Value was either too large or too small for an Int32. How do i handle this error. I must get an error report like " the value is not found in the table or database"

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• which text writing classes are the most efficient for writing lots of small files?

  - by Robert H

  I have to write 300+ files to a server share on a hourly basis. A quick implementation using CreateText takes approximately 1.4 seconds per file. I know there is a better way to do this, but I am unsure which way is actually the quickest/most efficient; hence my question: Which text writing class is the most efficient for writing hundreds of small files ( 336 bytes on average ) to a server share?

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• How to index small words (3 letters) with SQL Full-text search?

  - by Sly

  I have an Incident table with one row that has the value 'out of office' in the Description column. However the following query does not return that row. SELECT * FROM Incident WHERE CONTAINS( (Incident.Description), '"out*"' ) The word 'out' is not in the noise file (I cleared the noise file completely). Is it because SQL Full-text search does not index small words? Is there a setting for that? Note: I'm on SQL 2005.

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• Which is faster for small web projects - MySQL or Oracle?

  - by Dreshna

  Hi Which is generally faster for small web projects - MySQL or Oracle? Please provide some proof (benchmarks or any other) of your opinion.

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• New to WordPress - How viable is it as a CMS for a small business website? [closed]

  - by user365898

  I know the huge community of people behind WordPress has pushed it towards full-blown CMS territory over the past couple years, but I'm still unclear as to what extent. Would it be a good option to handle something like a small biz website with simple shopping cart for example?

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• Jquery Smart Wizard freezing up

  - by Andrew

  I'm using IE 8 and the jquery smart wizard version 3.2.0. I've noticed when enclose the smart wizard within an additional <div> tag (with the intent of displaying the wizard within a jquery dialog popup), the wizard will not advance steps when a function is specified for the onLeaveStep event. And now for the code: The javascript setting up the wizard: $('#wizard').smartWizard({ transitionEffect: 'slideleft', onLeaveStep: leaveAStepCallback, onFinish: onFinishCallback}); Simple functions associated with the events for the wizard: // wizard functions function leaveAStepCallback(obj) { // Get current step var step_num = obj.attr('rel'); // get the current step number } function onFinishCallback() { alert('Finish Called'); } function showStep(obj) { // Get current step var step_num = obj.attr('rel'); // get the current step number } And the HTML markup (I removed the step content within the <p> tags for brevity - this resulted it the same lack of functionality as if there was content within, so that can be ruled out) <div id="wizDialog"> <div id="wizard" class="swMain"> <ul> <li><a href="#step-1"> <label class="stepNumber">1</label> <span class="stepDesc"> Step 1<br /> <small>Step 1 - </small> </span> </a></li> <li><a href="#step-2"> <label class="stepNumber">2</label> <span class="stepDesc"> Step 2<br /> <small>Step 2 - </small> </span> </a></li> <li><a href="#step-3"> <label class="stepNumber">3</label> <span class="stepDesc"> Step 3<br /> <small>Step 3 - </small> </span> </a></li> <li><a href="#step-4"> <label class="stepNumber">4</label> <span class="stepDesc"> Step 4<br /> <small>Step 4 - </small> </span> </a></li> <li><a href="#step-5"> <label class="stepNumber">5</label> <span class="stepDesc"> Step 5<br /> <small>Step 5 - </small> </span> </a></li> <li><a href="#step-6"> <label class="stepNumber">6</label> <span class="stepDesc"> Step 6<br /> <small>Step 6 - </small> </span> </a></li> <li><a href="#step-7"> <label class="stepNumber">7</label> <span class="stepDesc"> Step 7<br /> <small>Step 7 - </small> </span> </a></li> <li><a href="#step-8"> <label class="stepNumber">8</label> <span class="stepDesc"> Step 8<br /> <small>Step 8 - </small> </span> </a></li> </ul> <div id="step-1"> <h2 class="StepTitle">Step 1 Content</h2> <p> </p> </div> <div id="step-2"> <h2 class="StepTitle">Step 2 Content</h2> <p> </p> </div> <div id="step-3"> <h2 class="StepTitle">Step 3 Content</h2> <p> </p> </div> <div id="step-4"> <h2 class="StepTitle">Step 4 Content</h2> <p> </p> </div> <div id="step-5"> <h2 class="StepTitle">Step 5 Content</h2> <p> </p> </div> <div id="step-6"> <h2 class="StepTitle">Step 6 Content</h2> <p> </p> </div> <div id="step-7"> <h2 class="StepTitle">Step 7 Content</h2> <p> </p> </div> <div id="step-8"> <h2 class="StepTitle">Step 8 Content</h2> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> Has anyone had similar results with this? Or have an explanation why the wizard will not work when nested within additional <div> tags?

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• is there a small portable linux with good development environment?

  - by Sriram

  let me put it this way..! i use windows/ my company wants me to use windows i like Linux i don't want to use cygwin i want a simple portable Linux with a development environment aka( make,gcc,g++,llvm,...) with a bash and vi is enough for me no need any gui. these 4 points never change. ;) i tried damn small Linux.. its awesome but it doesn't have what i need. so is there a portable Linux distribution that i can run from windows using qemu or something with a good up2date development environment? thanks in advance

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• Design pattern for cost calculator app?

  - by Anders Svensson

  Hi, I have a problem that I’ve tried to get help for before, but I wasn’t able to solve it then, so I’m trying to simplify the problem now to see if I can get some more concrete help with this because it is driving me crazy… Basically, I have a working (more complex) version of this application, which is a project cost calculator. But because I am at the same time trying to learn to design my applications better, I would like some input on how I could improve this design. Basically the main thing I want is input on the conditionals that (here) appear repeated in two places. The suggestions I got before was to use the strategy pattern or factory pattern. I also know about the Martin Fowler book with the suggestion to Refactor conditional with polymorphism. I understand that principle in his simpler example. But how can I do either of these things here (if any would be suitable)? The way I see it, the calculation is dependent on a couple of conditions: 1. What kind of service is it, writing or analysis? 2. Is the project small, medium or large? (Please note that there may be other parameters as well, equally different, such as “are the products new or previously existing?” So such parameters should be possible to add, but I tried to keep the example simple with only two parameters to be able to get concrete help) So refactoring with polymorphism would imply creating a number of subclasses, which I already have for the first condition (type of service), and should I really create more subclasses for the second condition as well (size)? What would that become, AnalysisSmall, AnalysisMedium, AnalysisLarge, WritingSmall, etc…??? No, I know that’s not good, I just don’t see how to work with that pattern anyway else? I see the same problem basically for the suggestions of using the strategy pattern (and the factory pattern as I see it would just be a helper to achieve the polymorphism above). So please, if anyone has concrete suggestions as to how to design these classes the best way I would be really grateful! Please also consider whether I have chosen the objects correctly too, or if they need to be redesigned. (Responses like "you should consider the factory pattern" will obviously not be helpful... I've already been down that road and I'm stumped at precisely how in this case) Regards, Anders The code (very simplified, don’t mind the fact that I’m using strings instead of enums, not using a config file for data etc, that will be done as necessary in the real application once I get the hang of these design problems): public abstract class Service { protected Dictionary<string, int> _hours; protected const int SMALL = 2; protected const int MEDIUM = 8; public int NumberOfProducts { get; set; } public abstract int GetHours(); } public class Writing : Service { public Writing(int numberOfProducts) { NumberOfProducts = numberOfProducts; _hours = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "small", 125 }, { "medium", 100 }, { "large", 60 } }; } public override int GetHours() { if (NumberOfProducts <= SMALL) return _hours["small"] * NumberOfProducts; if (NumberOfProducts <= MEDIUM) return (_hours["small"] * SMALL) + (_hours["medium"] * (NumberOfProducts - SMALL)); return (_hours["small"] * SMALL) + (_hours["medium"] * (MEDIUM - SMALL)) + (_hours["large"] * (NumberOfProducts - MEDIUM)); } } public class Analysis : Service { public Analysis(int numberOfProducts) { NumberOfProducts = numberOfProducts; _hours = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "small", 56 }, { "medium", 104 }, { "large", 200 } }; } public override int GetHours() { if (NumberOfProducts <= SMALL) return _hours["small"]; if (NumberOfProducts <= MEDIUM) return _hours["medium"]; return _hours["large"]; } } public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); List<int> quantities = new List<int>(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { quantities.Add(i); } comboBoxNumberOfProducts.DataSource = quantities; } private void comboBoxNumberOfProducts_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { Service writing = new Writing((int) comboBoxNumberOfProducts.SelectedItem); Service analysis = new Analysis((int) comboBoxNumberOfProducts.SelectedItem); labelWriterHours.Text = writing.GetHours().ToString(); labelAnalysisHours.Text = analysis.GetHours().ToString(); } }

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• Simple but efficient way to store a series of small changes to an image?

  - by finnw

  I have a series of images. Each one is typically (but not always) similar to the previous one, with 3 or 4 small rectangular regions updated. I need to record these changes using a minimum of disk space. The source images are not compressed, but I would like the deltas to be compressed. I need to be able to recreate the images exactly as input (so a lossy video codec is not appropriate.) I am thinking of something along the lines of: Composite the new image with a negative of the old image Save the composited image in any common format that can compress using RLE (probably PNG.) Recreate the second image by compositing the previous image with the delta. Although the images have an alpha channel, I can ignore it for the purposes of this function. Is there an easy-to-implement algorithm or free Java library with this capability?

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• Drawbacks with reading and writing a big file to or from disk at once instead of small chunks?

  - by Johann Gerell

  I work mainly on Windows and Windows CE based systems, where CreateFile, ReadFile and WriteFile are the work horses, no matter if I'm in native Win32 land or in managed .Net land. I have so far never had any obvious problem writing or reading big files in one chunk, as opposed to looping until several smaller chunks are processed. I usually delegate the IO work to a background thread that notifies me when it's done. But looking at file IO tutorials or "textbook examples", I often find the "loop with small chunks" used without any explanation of why it's used instead of the more obvious (I dare to say!) "do it all at once". Are there any drawbacks to the way I do that I haven't understood?

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