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  • Right way to return proxy model instance from a base model instance in Django ?

    - by sotangochips
    Say I have models: class Animal(models.Model): type = models.CharField(max_length=255) class Dog(Animal): def make_sound(self): print "Woof!" class Meta: proxy = True class Cat(Animal): def make_sound(self): print "Meow!" class Meta: proxy = True Let's say I want to do: animals = Animal.objects.all() for animal in animals: animal.make_sound() I want to get back a series of Woofs and Meows. Clearly, I could just define a make_sound in the original model that forks based on animal_type, but then every time I add a new animal type (imagine they're in different apps), I'd have to go in and edit that make_sound function. I'd rather just define proxy models and have them define the behavior themselves. From what I can tell, there's no way of returning mixed Cat or Dog instances, but I figured maybe I could define a "get_proxy_model" method on the main class that returns a cat or a dog model. Surely you could do this, and pass something like the primary key and then just do Cat.objects.get(pk = passed_in_primary_key). But that'd mean doing an extra query for data you already have which seems redundant. Is there any way to turn an animal into a cat or a dog instance in an efficient way? What's the right way to do what I want to achieve?

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  • build an API service in Django

    - by Peter
    Hi all, I want to build an API service using Django. A basic workflow goes like this: First, an http request goes to http://mycompany.com/create.py?id=001&callback=http://callback.com. It will create a folder on the server with name 001. Second, if the folder does not exist, it will be created. You get response immediately in XML format. It will look like: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <response> <status> <statusCode>0</statusCode> <message>Success</message> </status> <group id="001"/> </response> Finally, the server will do its job (i.e. creating the folder). After it is done, the server does a callback to the URL provided. Currently, I use return render_to_response('create.xml', {'statusCode': statusCode, 'statusMessage': statusMessage, 'groupId': groupId, }, mimetype = 'text/xml') to send the XML response back. I have an XML template which has statusCode, statusMessage, groupId placeholders. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <response> <status> <statusCode>{{ statusCode }}</statusCode> <message>{{ statusMessage }}</message> </status> {% if not statusCode %} <group id="{{ groupId }}"/> {% endif %} </response> But in this way I have to put step 3 before step 2, because otherwise step 3 will not be executed if it is after return statement. Can somebody give me some suggestions how to do this? Thanks.

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  • Getting child elements that are related to a parent in same table

    - by Madawar
    I have the following database schema class posts(Base): __tablename__ = 'xposts' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) class Comments(Base): __tablename__ = 'comments' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) comment_parent_id=Column(Integer,unique=True) #comment_id fetches comment of a comment ie the comment_parent_id comment_id=Column(Integer,default=None) comment_text=Column(String(200)) Values in database are 1 12 NULL Hello First comment 2 NULL 12 First Sub comment I want to fetch all Comments and sub comments of a post using sqlalchemy and have this so far qry=session.query(Comments).filter(Comments.comment_parent_id!=None) print qry.count() Is there a way i can fetch the all the subcomments of a comment in a query i have tried outerjoin on the same table(comments) and it seemed stupid and it failed.

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  • SQLAlchemy: who is in charge of the "session"? ( and how to unit-test with sessions )

    - by Nick Perkins
    I need some guidance on how to use session objects with SQLAlchemy, and how to organize Unit Tests of my mapped objects. What I would like to able to do is something like this: thing = BigThing() # mapped object child = thing.new_child() # create and return a related object thing.save() # will also save the child object In order to achieve this, I was thinking of having the BigThing actually add itself ( and it's children ) to the database -- but maybe this not a good idea? One reason to add objects as soon as possible is Automatic id values that are assigned by the database -- the sooner they are available, the fewer problems there are ( right? ) What is the best way to manage session objects? Who is in charge of the session? Should it be created only when required? or saved for a long time? What about Unit Tests for my mapped objects?...how should the session be handled? Is it ever OK to have mapped objects just automatically add themselves to a database? or is that going to lead to trouble?

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  • Trie Backtracking in Recursion

    - by Darksky
    I am building a tree for a spell checker with suggestions. Each node contains a key (a letter) and a value (array of letters down that path). So assume the following sub-trie in my big trie: W / \ a e | | k k | | is word--> e e | ... This is just a subpath of a sub-trie. W is a node and a and e are two nodes in its value array etc... At each node, I check if the next letter in the word is a value of the node. I am trying to support mistyped vowels for now. So 'weke' will yield 'wake' as a suggestion. Here's my searchWord function in my trie: def searchWord(self, word, path=""): if len(word) > 0: key = word[0] word = word[1:] if self.values.has_key(key): path = path + key nextNode = self.values[key] return nextNode.searchWord(word, path) else: # check here if key is a vowel. If it is, check for other vowel substitutes else: if self.isWord: return path # this is the word found else: return None Given 'weke', at the end when word is of length zero and path is 'weke', my code will hit the second big else block. weke is not marked as a word and so it will return with None. This will return out of searchWord with None. To avoid this, at each stack unwind or recursion backtrack, I need to check if a letter is a vowel and if it is, do the checking again. I changed the if self.values.has_key(key) loop to the following: if self.values.has_key(key): path = path + key nextNode = self.values[key] ret = nextNode.searchWord(word, path) if ret == None: # check if key == vowel and replace path # return nextNode.searchWord(... return ret What am I doing wrong here? What can I do when backtracking to achieve what I'm trying to do?

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  • In SqlAlchemy, how to ignore m2m relationship attributes when merge?

    - by ablmf
    There is a m2m relation in my models, User and Role. I want to merge a role, but i DO NOT want this merge has any effect on user and role relation-ship. Unfortunately, for some complicate reason, role.users if not empty. I tried to set role.users = None, but SA complains None is not a list. At this moment, I use sqlalchemy.orm.attributes.del_attribute, but I don't know if it's provided for this purpose.

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  • slicing 2d numpy array

    - by MedicalMath
    I have a 2d numpy array called FilteredOutput that has 2 columns and 10001 rows, though the number of rows is a variable. I am trying to take the 2nd column of FilteredOutput and use it to populate a new 1d numpy array called timeSeriesArray using the following line of code: timeSeriesArray=p.array(FilteredOutput[:,0]) I got this syntax from the following link. But the problem is that I am getting the following error message: TypeError: list indices must be integers, not tuple Can anyone show me the proper syntax for populating the 1d array timeSeriesArray with the contents of the second column of the 2d array FilteredOutput?

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  • Using sqlalchemy to query using multiple column where in clause

    - by crunkchitis
    I'm looking to execute this query using sqlalchemy. SELECT name, age, favorite_color, favorite_food FROM kindergarten_classroom WHERE (favorite_color, favorite_food) IN (('lavender','lentil soup'),('black','carrot juice')); I only want kids that like (lavender AND lentil soup) OR (black and carrot juice). This is similar, but doesn't get me all of the way there: Sqlalchemy in clause

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  • Creating form object for variable kind of form.

    - by Bunny Rabbit
    i want to create a form for users to submit questions in django ..so far the models i have created are class Question(models.Model): statement=models.CharField(max_length=100) class Choice(models.Model): statement=models.CharField(max_length=100) value=models.IntegerField() question=models.ForeignKey(Question) Now i want to write a Form class for creating a above form but the problem is the number of choices are variable,a user can decide how many choices a question must have .How do i do that in django?

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  • Numpy Matrix keeps giving me an Error,

    - by uberjumper
    Okay this is werid, i keep getting the error, randomly. ValueError: matrix must be 2-dimensional So i tracked it down, and cornered it to basically something like this: a_list = [[(1,100) for _ in range(32)] for _ in range(32)] numpy.matrix(a_list) Whats wrong with this? If i print a_list it is clearly a 2d matrix of tuples, however numpy does not believe so.

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  • how can i set the key 'blob-key' about BlobStore?

    - by pyleaf
    I use the jquery plugin "uploadify" to upload multiple files to My App(GAE), and then save them with blobstore, but it failed. I debug the code into get_uploads, it seems field.type_options is empty and of course has 'blob-key'. Q: where does the key 'blob-key' come from? thank you!

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  • Accessing CSR extension stack in M2Crypto

    - by Charles Duffy
    Howdy! I have a certificate signing request with an extension stack added. When building a certificate based on this request, I would like to be able to access that stack to use in creating the final certificate. However, while M2Crypto.X509.X509 has a number of helpers for accessing extensions (get_ext, get_ext_at and the like), M2Crypto.X509.Request appears to provide only a member for adding extensions, but no way to inspect the extensions already associated with a given object. Am I missing something here?

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  • Validating key/certificate pairs with M2Crypto when a certificate chain is needed

    - by Charles Duffy
    M2Crypto.X509.X509 objects have a verify(pkey) method, which provide a means of testing that a given certificate does in fact sign a specified key. This is a good and useful thing -- except that sometimes the certificate I want to verify in this way is invalid without the use of an intermediate certificate, which this API does not appear to allow a way to specify. Is there an alternate means of validating a certificate / private key pair which will work even when the certificate is unable to stand alone?

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  • Making all variables accessible to namespace

    - by Gökhan Sever
    Hello, Say I have a simple function: def myfunc(): a = 4.2 b = 5.5 ... many similar variables ... I use this function one time only and I am wondering what is the easiest way to make all the variables inside the function accessible to my main name-space. Do I have to declare global for each item? or any other suggested methods? Thanks.

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  • How do you access config outside of a request in CherryPy?

    - by OrganicPanda
    I've got a webapp running on CherryPy that needs to access the CherryPy config files before a user creates a request. The docs say to use: host = cherrypy.request.app.config['database']['host'] But that won't work outside of a user request. You can also use the application object when you start the app like so: ... application = cherrypy.tree.mount(root, '/', app_conf) host = application.config['database']['host'] ... But I can see no way of accessing 'application' from other classes outside of a user request. I ask because our app looks at several databases and we set them up when the app starts rather than on user request. I have a feeling this would be useful in other places too; so is there any way to store a reference to 'application' somewhere or access it through the CherryPy API?

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  • Non standard interaction among two tables to avoid very large merge

    - by riko
    Suppose I have two tables A and B. Table A has a multi-level index (a, b) and one column (ts). b determines univocally ts. A = pd.DataFrame( [('a', 'x', 4), ('a', 'y', 6), ('a', 'z', 5), ('b', 'x', 4), ('b', 'z', 5), ('c', 'y', 6)], columns=['a', 'b', 'ts']).set_index(['a', 'b']) AA = A.reset_index() Table B is another one-column (ts) table with non-unique index (a). The ts's are sorted "inside" each group, i.e., B.ix[x] is sorted for each x. Moreover, there is always a value in B.ix[x] that is greater than or equal to the values in A. B = pd.DataFrame( dict(a=list('aaaaabbcccccc'), ts=[1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 7, 8, 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9])).set_index('a') The semantics in this is that B contains observations of occurrences of an event of type indicated by the index. I would like to find from B the timestamp of the first occurrence of each event type after the timestamp specified in A for each value of b. In other words, I would like to get a table with the same shape of A, that instead of ts contains the "minimum value occurring after ts" as specified by table B. So, my goal would be: C: ('a', 'x') 4 ('a', 'y') 7 ('a', 'z') 5 ('b', 'x') 7 ('b', 'z') 7 ('c', 'y') 8 I have some working code, but is terribly slow. C = AA.apply(lambda row: ( row[0], row[1], B.ix[row[0]].irow(np.searchsorted(B.ts[row[0]], row[2]))), axis=1).set_index(['a', 'b']) Profiling shows the culprit is obviously B.ix[row[0]].irow(np.searchsorted(B.ts[row[0]], row[2]))). However, standard solutions using merge/join would take too much RAM in the long run. Consider that now I have 1000 a's, assume constant the average number of b's per a (probably 100-200), and consider that the number of observations per a is probably in the order of 300. In production I will have 1000 more a's. 1,000,000 x 200 x 300 = 60,000,000,000 rows may be a bit too much to keep in RAM, especially considering that the data I need is perfectly described by a C like the one I discussed above. How would I improve the performance?

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  • How do you determine an acceptable response time for App Engine DB requests?

    - by qiq
    According to this discussion of Google App Engine on Hacker News, A DB (read) request takes over 100ms on the datastore. That's insane and unusable for about 90% of applications. How do you determine what is an acceptable response time for a DB read request? I have been using App Engine without noticing any issues with DB responsiveness. But, on the other hand, I'm not sure I would even know what to look for in that regard :)

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  • Parsing html for domain links

    - by Hallik
    I have a script that parses an html page for all the links within it. I am getting all of them fine, but I have a list of domains I want to compare it against. So a sample list contains list=['www.domain.com', 'sub.domain.com'] But I may have a list of links that look like http://domain.com http://sub.domain.com/some/other/page I can strip off the http:// just fine, but in the two example links I just posted, they both should match. The first I would like to match against the www.domain.com, and the second, I would like to match against the subdomain in the list. Right now I am using url2lib for parsing the html. What are my options in completely this task?

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  • How do I create a Status Icon / System Tray Icon with custom text and transparent background using P

    - by Raugturi
    Here is the code that I have so far to define the icon: icon_bg = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file('gmail.png') w, h = icon_bg.get_width(), icon_bg.get_height() cmap = gtk.gdk.Colormap(gtk.gdk.visual_get_system(), False) drawable = gtk.gdk.Pixmap(None, w, h, 24) drawable.set_colormap = cmap gc = drawable.new_gc() drawable.draw_pixbuf(gc, icon_bg, 0, 0, 0, 0, w, h) drawn_icon = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB, False, 8, w, h) drawn_icon.get_from_drawable(drawable, cmap, 0, 0, 0, 0, w, h) icon = gtk.status_icon_new_from_pixbuf(drawn_icon) This works to get the png into the icon, but falls short in two areas. First, transparency is not working. If I use a 22x22 png with transparent background and the image centered, I end up with sections of other active icons showing up inside of mine, like this: http://i237.photobucket.com/albums/ff311/Raugturi/22x22_image_with_transparency.png The icon it choose to steal from is somewhat random. Sometimes it's part of the dropbox icon, others the NetworkManager Applet. If I instead use this code: icon_bg = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file('gmail.png') w, h = icon_bg.get_width(), icon_bg.get_height() cmap = gtk.gdk.Colormap(gtk.gdk.visual_get_system(), False) drawable = gtk.gdk.Pixmap(None, w, h, 24) drawable.set_colormap = cmap gc = drawable.new_gc() drawable.draw_pixbuf(gc, icon_bg, 0, 0, 0, 0, w, h) drawn_icon = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB, False, 8, 22, 22) drawn_icon.get_from_drawable(drawable, cmap, 0, 0, 3, 6, w, h) icon = gtk.status_icon_new_from_pixbuf(drawn_icon) And an image that is only 16x11 with the transparent edges removed, what I end up with is this: Same URL but file is 16x11_image_positioned_in_middle.png So how do I end up with a transparent block like the 1st one that doesn't pull in stuff from other icons? As for the second problem, I need the ability to write on the image before converting it to the icon. I tried using draw_glyphs and it told me I should be using Pango layout/context instead. Unfortunately all the Pango tutorials I could find deal with actual windows, not the status icon. Is there a good tutorial out there for Pango that would apply to this issue (and also maybe have at least some explanation of how to tell it what font to use as all of them that I found seem to lack this and it won't write anything without it). Note: Sorry for the lack of actual images and only one working link, apparently this is a spam prevention feature due to my lack of reputation.

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