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• In a virtual machine monitor such as VMware's ESXi Server, how are shadow page tables implemented?

  - by ali01

  My understanding is that VMMs such as VMware's ESXi Server maintain shadow page tables to map virtual page addresses of guest operating systems directly to machine (hardware) addresses. I've been told that shadow page tables are then used directly by the processor's paging hardware to allow memory access in the VM to execute without translation overhead. I would like to understand a bit more about how the shadow page table mechanism works in a VMM. Is my high level understanding above correct? What kind of data structures are used in the implementation of shadow page tables? What is the flow of control from the guest operating system all the way to the hardware? How are memory access translations made for a guest operating system before its shadow page table is populated? How is page sharing supported? Short of straight up reading the source code of an open source VMM, what resources can I look into to learn more about hardware virtualization?

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• python dictionary with constant value-type

  - by s.kap

  hi there, I bumped into a case where I need a big (=huge) python dictionary, which turned to be quite memory-consuming. However, since all of the values are of a single type (long) - as well as the keys, I figured I can use python (or numpy, doesn't really matter) array for the values ; and wrap the needed interface (in: x ; out: d[x]) with an object which actually uses these arrays for the keys and values storage. I can use a index-conversion object (input -- index, of 1..n, where n is the different-values counter), and return array[index]. I can elaborate on some techniques of how to implement such an indexing-methods with reasonable memory requirement, it works and even pretty good. However, I wonder if there is such a data-structure-object already exists (in python, or wrapped to python from C/++), in any package (I checked collections, and some Google searches). Any comment will be welcome, thanks.

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• How do you boost term relevance in Sql Server Full Text Search like you can in Lucene?

  - by Snives

  I'm doing a typical full text search using containstable using 'ISABOUT(term1,term2,term3)' and although it supports term weighting that's not what I need. I need the ability to boost the relevancy of terms contained in certain portions of text. For example, it is customary for metatags or page title to be weighted differently than body text when searching web pages. Although I'm not dealing with web pages I do seek the same functionality. In Lucene it's called Document Field Level Boosting. How would one natively do this in Sql Server Full Text Search?

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• How can I position QDockWidgets as the screen shot shows using code?

  - by Nathan

  I want a Qt window to come up with the following arrangement of dock widgets on the right. Qt allows you to provide an argument to the addDockWidget method of QMainWindow to specify the position (top, bottom, left or right) but apparently not how two QDockWidgets placed on the same side will be arranged. Here is the code that adds the dock widgets. this uses PyQt4 but it should be the same for Qt with C++ self.memUseGraph = mem_use_widget(self) self.memUseDock = QDockWidget("Memory Usage") self.memUseDock.setObjectName("Memory Usage") self.memUseDock.setWidget(self.memUseGraph) self.addDockWidget(Qt.DockWidgetArea(Qt.RightDockWidgetArea),self.memUseDock) self.diskUsageGraph = disk_usage_widget(self) self.diskUsageDock = QDockWidget("Disk Usage") self.diskUsageDock.setObjectName("Disk Usage") self.diskUsageDock.setWidget(self.diskUsageGraph) self.addDockWidget(Qt.DockWidgetArea(Qt.RightDockWidgetArea),self.diskUsageDock) When this code is used to add both of them to the right side, one is above the other, not like the screen shot I made. The way I made that shot was to drag them there with the mouse after starting the program, but I need it to start that way.

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• Maximum executable size on the iPhone?

  - by Sirp

  Is there a maximum size of executables or executables + shared objects on the iPhone? I've been developing an app that has been crashing on startup or early in execution with SIGSYS. Removing code from the program has helped, though structuring data so the code is simply not executed does not. This could be memory corruption, of some kind, however when I compiled with -Os rather than -O2 or -O3 the size of my executable goes down from 5.15MB to 3.60MB and the application runs perfectly. I also have a bunch of libraries I use, of course. I'm wondering, is there a limit on the size of executable code on the iPhone? Or am I just 'getting lucky' and masking memory corruption when I use -Os?

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• What the best approach to iterate and "store" files over a directory in C (Linux) ?

  - by Andrei Ciobanu

  I have written a function that checks if to files are duplicates or not. This function signature is: int check_dup_memmap(char *f1_name, char *f2_name) It returns: (-1) - If something went wrong; (0) - If the two files are similar; (+1) - If the two files are different; The next step is to write a function that iterates through all the files in a certain directory,apply the previous function, and gives a report on every existing duplicates. Initially I've thought to write a function that generates a file with all the filenames in a certain directory and then, read that file again and gain and compare every two files. Here is that version of the function, that gets all the filenames in a certain directory. void *build_dir_tree(char *dirname, FILE *f) { DIR *cdir = NULL; struct dirent *ent = NULL; struct stat buf; if(f == NULL){ fprintf(stderr, "NULL file submitted. [build_dir_tree].\n"); exit(-1); } if(dirname == NULL){ fprintf(stderr, "NULL dirname submitted. [build_dir_tree].\n"); exit(-1); } if((cdir = opendir(dirname)) == NULL){ char emsg[MFILE_LEN]; sprintf(emsg, "Cannot open dir: %s [build_dir_tree]\t",dirname); perror(emsg); } chdir(dirname); while ((ent = readdir(cdir)) != NULL) { lstat(ent->d_name, &buf); if (S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) { if (strcmp(".", ent->d_name) == 0 || strcmp("..", ent->d_name) == 0) { continue; } build_dir_tree(ent->d_name, f); } else{ fprintf(f, "/%s/%s\n",util_get_cwd(),ent->d_name); } } chdir(".."); closedir(cdir); } Still I consider this approach a little inefficient, as I have to parse the file again and again. In your opinion what are other approaches should I follow: Write a datastructure and hold the files instead of writing them in the file ? I think for a directory with a lot of files, the memory will become very fragmented. Hold all the filenames in auto-expanding array, so that I can easy access every file by their index, because they will in a contiguous memory location. Map this file in memory using mmap() ? But mmap may fail, as the file gets to big. Any opinions on this. I want to choose the most efficient path, and access as few resources as possible. This is the requirement of the program... EDIT: Is there a way to get the numbers of files in a certain directory, without iterating through it ?

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• Database design: objects with different attributes

  - by Álvaro G. Vicario

  I'm designing a product database where products can have very different attributes depending on their type, but attributes are fixed for each type and types are not manageable at all. E.g.: magazine: title, issue_number, pages, copies, close_date, release_date web_site: name, bandwidth, hits, date_from, date_to I want to use InnoDB and enforce database integrity as much as the engine allows. What's the recommended way to handle this? I hate those designs where tables have 100 columns and most of the values are NULL so I thought about something like this: product_type ============ product_type_id INT product_type_name VARCHAR product ======= product_id INT product_name VARCHAR product_type_id INT -> Foreign key to product_type.product_type_id valid_since DATETIME valid_to DATETIME magazine ======== magazine_id INT title VARCHAR product_id INT -> Foreign key to product.product_id issue_number INT pages INT copies INT close_date DATETIME release_date DATETIME web_site ======== web_site_id INT name VARCHAR product_id INT -> Foreign key to product.product_id bandwidth INT hits INT date_from DATETIME date_to DATETIME This can handle cascaded product deletion but... Well, I'm not fully convinced...

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• Efficient alternatives to merge for larger data.frames R

  - by Etienne Low-Décarie

  I am looking for an efficient (both computer resource wise and learning/implementation wise) method to merge two larger (size1 million / 300 KB RData file) data frames. "merge" in base R and "join" in plyr appear to use up all my memory effectively crashing my system. Example load test data frame and try test.merged<-merge(test, test) or test.merged<-join(test, test, type="all") - The following post provides a list of merge and alternatives: How to join data frames in R (inner, outer, left, right)? The following allows object size inspection: https://heuristically.wordpress.com/2010/01/04/r-memory-usage-statistics-variable/ Data produced by anonym

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• load search results into a div jquery and rails

  - by odpogn

  In my rails app I have a search bar where users can search other users. Currently when a User submits the search from, they're redirected to a "results" page. I want to load those results in a div on the same page.. I was able to do this with my websites navigation links, but I'm pretty new to jQuery and rails and can't figure this one out... my jQuery corresponding to my navigation links: $(function() { $('#links a').live('click', function() { $('#pages').load(this.href).fadeIn('slow'); return false; }); }); my attempt to do the same with my search function... $(function() { $('#search').submit(function() { $('#pages').load(this.href).fadeIn('slow'); }); }); any help would be much appreciated~ along with some useful jQuery tutorials for a newbie!!

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• MySQL Backup - incremental

  - by Tiffany Walker

  I know that you can use mysqldump. I am currently dumping the following way: ${MYSQLDUMP} --single-transaction -u ${MUSER} -h ${MHOST} -p${MPASS} $db | ${GZIP} -9 > $FILE From my understanding this locks the database and prevents any type of use of the database and can even lock up websites. Is there a better way to maybe do daily/hourly backups of the MySQL database should the database be in the 100mbs and even 1gbs in size?

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• Sound Manager Classes for Windows (C# or C++ .Net 2.0)

  - by Yakov

  Hi guys! I need some classes for playing short wav sounds, this classes would load this wav files into memory when an instance created, play sounds in background when needed, release this wav files from memory when an instance disposed. How can I do this on C# for windows (.Net 2.0)? (Win API's sndPlaySound, OpenAL or may be any wrapper) Ideally I would love to find an exist solution that simple and able to solve my task. Do you know any solutions for this issue? Thankx for your time.

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• Prevent Xbox users from editing Media Library

  - by Patrick

  I am trying to watch some videos stored on my desktop computer on the Xbox, but they are in a format that the Xbox cannot decode, so I have to stream them through Windows Media Center. However, as soon as I set up Media Center on the Xbox, anyone can go in and browse the directory structure on my desktop. I would like to "lock" the media library so that only I can add and delete folders from my desktop computer. Is it possible?

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• One page of responsive site is blurry/fuzzy on iphone

  - by Gwendydd

  Here's a weird one. I'm developing a responsive site here: http://74.209.178.54:3000/index.html There are three pages built so far: the home page, the "Why" page, and the "Pricing" page. The Home and Why pages are just fine on my iPhone 4. The "Pricing" page is really blurry. And I don't just mean the images are blurry - absolutely everything is blurry: text, borders, backgrounds... Has anyone seen this before? Do you know what's happening?

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• What are the pros and cons of using manual list iteration vs recursion through fail

  - by magus

  I come up against this all the time, and I'm never sure which way to attack it. Below are two methods for processing some season facts. What I'm trying to work out is whether to use method 1 or 2, and what are the pros and cons of each, especially large amounts of facts. methodone seems wasteful since the facts are available, why bother building a list of them (especially a large list). This must have memory implications too if the list is large enough ? And it doesn't take advantage of Prolog's natural backtracking feature. methodtwo takes advantage of backtracking to do the recursion for me, and I would guess would be much more memory efficient, but is it good programming practice generally to do this? It's arguably uglier to follow, and might there be any other side effects? One problem I can see is that each time fail is called, we lose the ability to pass anything back to the calling predicate, eg. if it was methodtwo(SeasonResults), since we continually fail the predicate on purpose. So methodtwo would need to assert facts to store state. Presumably(?) method 2 would be faster as it has no (large) list processing to do? I could imagine that if I had a list, then methodone would be the way to go.. or is that always true? Might it make sense in any conditions to assert the list to facts using methodone then process them using method two? Complete madness? But then again, I read that asserting facts is a very 'expensive' business, so list handling might be the way to go, even for large lists? Any thoughts? Or is it sometimes better to use one and not the other, depending on (what) situation? eg. for memory optimisation, use method 2, including asserting facts and, for speed use method 1? season(spring). season(summer). season(autumn). season(winter). % Season handling showseason(Season) :- atom_length(Season, LenSeason), write('Season Length is '), write(LenSeason), nl. % ------------------------------------------------------------- % Method 1 - Findall facts/iterate through the list and process each %-------------------------------------------------------------- % Iterate manually through a season list lenseason([]). lenseason([Season|MoreSeasons]) :- showseason(Season), lenseason(MoreSeasons). % Findall to build a list then iterate until all done methodone :- findall(Season, season(Season), AllSeasons), lenseason(AllSeasons), write('Done'). % ------------------------------------------------------------- % Method 2 - Use fail to force recursion %-------------------------------------------------------------- methodtwo :- % Get one season and show it season(Season), showseason(Season), % Force prolog to backtrack to find another season fail. % No more seasons, we have finished methodtwo :- write('Done').

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• Configure Postfix to allow incoming mails only from one (defined) mail-id

  - by Saurabh

  I have set-up Postfix with Spamassassin on Ubuntu 12.04.5. Fundamental usage of Postfix is to (pipe) trigger a PHP file. Till here I've arrived successfully. Now, to avoid unneccessary load on the server, and also to avoid unwanted mails triggering my PHP script, I want to configure Postfix to allow mails only from [email protected] and reject everything else. How to achieve this absolute lock-down on mail server unless mail comes from [email protected]?

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• How to disable the start screen on Windows 8 Release Preview?

  - by STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED

  The old advice to set the REG_DWORD value named RPEnabled (some sources claim it's RPEnable) under HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer to 0 doesn't work anymore since the Consumer Preview (i.e. now also for the Release Preview). Yes, I tried both RPEnabled and RPEnable. How can I log into the system and be presented the desktop instead of the metro start screen? I got rid of the lock screen already, so this is the missing piece in the puzzle of making Windows 8 Release Preview usable.

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• Matatag mainly used in SEO

  - by PHP-Prabhu

  Can any one tell me, do i need to use all the MATA Tags for web pages for bringing up the site in google's first page

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• Redirecting a large number of URLs with htaccess or php header

  - by Peter

  I have undergone a major website overhaul and now have 5,000+ incoming links from search engines and external sites, bookmark services etc that lead to dead pages or 404 errors. A lot of the pages have corresponding "permalinks" or known replacement hierarchy/URL structure. I've started to list the main redirects with htaccess or physical files with simply a header location reidrect which is clearly not sustainable! What would be the best method to list all of the old link addresses and their corresponding new addresses with htaccess, php headers, mysql, sitemap file or is it better to have all broken links and wait for search engines etc to re-index my site? Are there any implications for having a large number of redirecting files for this temporary period until links are reset?

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• Tomcat application: Frequent OutOfMemory PermGen exception while image uploads

  - by rabbit

  Hi, I have a tomcat 6 application which I have set parameters of -Xms512m -Xmx1024m. I thought 1 GB of memory in a 4 GB RAM would be enough, but that is not the case. On application stop/start multiple times (from tomcat manager) and also on image uploads (sometimes) I run into the OutOfMemory PermGen space error and the site stops responding. Should I increase the memory still some more? Is there anything else that I can do to from the tomcat side so that it does not run into the PermGen space issue? Thanks in advance for pointers/tips etc.

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• Computer Locked after period of time

  - by bossDub

  I have a Windows XP machine that locks itself after an unknown amount of time. I have disabled the screen saver completely, and unchecked "lock computer when coming out of standby". I've even overrode the settings with gpedit. Even still, it locks itself after a while, and it doesn't take long. If it's any sort of hint, the time period for the screensaver is greyed out, even if I choose an actual screensaver.

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• PHP/codeigniter - use of exit()

  - by Patrick

  I have a few pages that require login, so all controllers that link to these pages start with $this->checkSession(); //...rest of the code CheckSession should verify the session is still live, otherwise display a message and stop the execution of the rest of the code in the controller: function checkSession() { if (!$this->session->userdata('is_logged_in')) { //the session has expired! $data['main'] = 'confirmation_message'; $data['title'] = "Session expired"; $this->load->vars($data); $this->load->view('template'); exit(); } } . I was expecting these instructions to happen in sequence, but I only get a blank page. How can I make sure exit() gets executed only after all views are loaded?

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• Add page item to either Joomla, Drupal or Wordpress

  - by HP

  I just want to design this very simple website. Basically there are multiple pages A, B, C... and each page has item A1, A2.. or B1, B2... These items follow fixed HTML template (table,image) and only specific content fields (name, body text..) can be change in the back-end. Backend users can add new pages or new items each page. Does anyone know some plugin for either Joomla, Drupal or Wordpress that can do the simple purpose above? Thanks

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• Mod_Rewrite: Insert "/" between variables and values in URL

  - by Abs

  Hello all, I am attempting clean useful URLs using mod_rewrite. I am sure this is a common question but I am not so hot with mod_rewrite: I have this URL: http://mysite.com/user.php?user=fatcatmat&sort=popularv I want to be able to rewrite it like this: http://mysite.com/user/user/fatcatmat/sort/popularv (Is there a way to remove duplicates in a URL?) I think I have managed to do the removal of the PHP extension. RewriteRule ^(.*)\$ $1.php [nc] Is the above correct? For the separate pages, I would have something like this. RewriteRule ^/?user(/)?$ user.php Main Question: Its a bit tedious to do all the above but is there a MEGA rewrite rule that will just place "/" in between variables and their values and remove the .php extension from all pages? Thank you for any help.

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• If a user is part of two TFS security groups, why do they (appear to) receive the lesser security of the two?

  - by Jedidja

  Given two TFS security groups Admins: Contains a set of Windows users Friends: Contains a Windows Security Group (which is also used as a mailing list) However, the people listed as admins are also part of the security group. It appears that when I lock down the Friends group to certain directories in TFS, the people in Admin also lose their privileges. Is there any way for users to receive the maximum security allowed between multiple groups they are included in? Or have I perhaps setup my TFS security groups incorrectly?

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• How do I hook all http get requests and distinguish downloaded (by standard download manager) files

  - by Ivan

  I want to write a Firefox add-on for advanced history tracking and bookmarking which will send URLs the browser meets during usage (and all the metadata available about the context) to a web service which will keep track of them storing in an SQL database for further access and analysis. I'd like to divide URLs tracked into 5 groups: those I explicitly click to bookmark, those I download by Firefox standard built-in download manager, all other URLs accessed, all URLs met on all viewed pages as hrefs, all other URLs mentioned in HTML sources of all viewed pages. Any ideas of how to get those in an extension?

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