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• How can I determine the sector size on an external hard drive?

  - by sigint

  Hard drives are transitioning from 512 byte to 4096 byte sector sizes, and it looks like Windows XP won't support these newer drives without additional software (such as WDalign from Western Digital) My question is: how does this affect external hard drives? I'll be buying a 1TB USB external drive, and it'll be plugged into a mix of Windows 7 and XP machines. Is there an easy way to tell what the sector size on an external hard drive is?

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• How do I fix: The handshake failed due to an unexpected packet format?

  - by Greg Finzer

  I am connecting from Windows Server 2008 R2 to a Linux FTP Server running vsFTPd 2.0.7. I am connecting via SSL. Here is the line of code it is failing on: sslStream = new SslStream(stream, false, CertificateValidation); Here is the log: 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.7) AUTH SSL 234 Proceed with negotiation. I receive the following error: System.IO.IOException: The handshake failed due to an unexpected packet format. at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReadFrame(Byte[] buffer, Int32 readBytes, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReceiveBlob(Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.ForceAuthentication(Boolean receiveFirst, Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.ProcessAuthentication(LazyAsyncResult lazyResult) at KellermanSoftware.NetFtpLibrary.ProxySocket.InitSsl() at KellermanSoftware.NetFtpLibrary.FTP.Connect(Boolean implicitConnection)

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• Creating blob properties with Entity Framework 4?

  - by David Veeneman

  I am creating an EF4 model-first application with a WPF UI. One of the controls on my UI is a RichTextDocument, which outputs a WPF FlowDocument. I can either serialize the FlowDocument to a byte array, or extract its XAML markup as a string. I would prefer to use binary serialization, if I can. Here are my questions: If I serialize to a byte array, how do I specify an entity property as a byte array in the EDM Designer? If I extract a XAML markup string, can I specify that the EDM Designer create the corresponding database column as a nvarchar(max) column? As to the second question, I assume I could always manually edit the MyModel.edmx.sql file to change the data type from nvarchar(4000) to nvarchar(max) before executing it, but I would like to know if it can be done in the Designer. Thanks for your help.

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• Serial Port Data Structure

  - by Seth Archer

  I need to send data to a hardware device over serial port. I'm using a program called serial port tool for os x. After I connect to the device there is a form box where I can type data to send. I have no idea how to format the data. Here is an excerpt from the manual for the device. "The Net Manager Command structure consists of one start byte, one command byte, five bytes of data, and a one byte checksum. Each message packet is formatted as follows:" an example command is: Byte0=30 Byte1=7 Byte2=5 Byte3=1 Byte4=2 Byte5=0 Byte6=245 How do I type that into the form box in serial port tool? Thanks, Seth

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• JNA-Mapping Delphi Function

  - by Florian

  Hi! How do i map this function with JNA: Delphi code: function getData(InData1: PChar; InData2: PChar; Data: TArray16; var OutData1: PChar; var OutData2: PChar): integer; stdcall; with: TArray16 = array[0..15] of char; The int value that is returned can be 0 for Error or 1 for right execution; My suggestion is: Java code: int getData(String inData1, String inData2, byte[] data, byte[] outData1 byte[] outData2); The problem is that the function of the dll returns 0. I also tried other Datatypes, but it hasn't worked jet. I think the problem is that the dll function can't write to the parameters outData1 and outData2. Who can help me?....Thanks!!

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• Does the CLR store small values in 'natural' sized locations?

  - by izb

  In Java, a byte or short is stored in the JVM's 'natural' word length, i.e. for the most part, 32-bits. An exception would be an array of bytes, where each byte occupies a byte of memory. Does the CLR do the same thing? If it does do this, in what situations are there exceptions to this? E.g. How much memory does this occupy? struct MyStruct { short s1; short s2; }

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• SQlite: Column format for unix timestamp; Integer types

  - by SF.

  Original problem: What is the right column format for a unix timestamp? The net is full of confusion: some posts claim SQLite has no unsigned types - either whatsoever, or with exception of the 64bit int type (but there are (counter-)examples that invoke UNSIGNED INTEGER). The data types page mentions it only in a bigint example. It also claims there is a 6-byte integer but doesn't give a name for it. Of course standard INTEGER being 4-byte signed signed stores unix timestamps as negative numbers. I've heard that some systems return 64-bit timestamps too. OTOH I'm not too fond of wasting 4 bytes to store 1 extra bit (top bit of timestamp), and even if I have to pick a bigger data format, I'd rather go for the 6-byte one. I've even seen a post that claims SQLite unix timestamp is of type REAL... Complete problem: Could someone please clarify that mess?

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• Decrypting “long” message encrypted with RSA java

  - by Denis

  Hi this is the same question, that was asked two years ago: Java/JCE: Decrypting “long” message encrypted with RSA I had a large byte array and rsa keypair, initiated by value 1024. Using rsa encryption and the specified size of the key is strong requirement, I can't change it. So I can't use symmetric encryption with asymetric encryption symmetric key. I can't use any other keys. I had a byte array and need ciphered byte array to be returned. I wonder if there is any ready tool, that can manage with this problem? Sorry for such an amateurish question, but I really need a help.

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• Explanation of Pingdom Results

  - by Computer Guru

  Hi, I'm trying to optimize my page load times, and I'm using Pingdom to test the site response times. However, I'm not exactly sure what the various components of the "time bar" mean. Example link: http://tools.pingdom.com/fpt/?url=http://neosmart.net/forums//&id=2230361 According to them, the portion of the bar that is yellow is the time between "start" and "connect" and the portion of the bar that is green is the time between "connect" and "first byte" with the blue section being the actual transfer time (time between "first byte" and "last byte"). If I'm trying to the first two (which take very long in my case), what's the recommended course of action? Thanks.

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• Using AesCryptoServiceProvider in VB.NET

  - by Collegeman

  My problem is actually a bit more complicated than just how to use AES in VB.NET, since what I'm really trying to do is use AES in VB.NET from within a Java application across JACOB. But for now, what I need to focus on is the AES implementation itself. Here's my encryption code Public Function EncryptAES(ByVal toEncrypt As String, ByVal key As String) As Byte() Dim keyArray = Convert.FromBase64String(key) Dim toEncryptArray = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(toEncrypt) Dim aes = New AesCryptoServiceProvider aes.Key = keyArray aes.Mode = CipherMode.ECB aes.Padding = PaddingMode.ISO10126 Dim encryptor = aes.CreateEncryptor() Dim encrypted = encryptor.TransformFinalBlock(toEncryptArray, 0, toEncryptArray.Length) aes.Clear() Return encrypted End Function Once back in the Java code, I turn the byte array into a hexadecimal String. Now, to reverse the process, here's my decryption code Public Function DecryptAES(ByVal toDecrypt As String, ByVal key As String) As Byte() Dim keyArray = Convert.FromBase64String(key) Dim toDecryptArray = Convert.FromBase64String(toDecrypt) Dim aes = New AesCryptoServiceProvider aes.Key = keyArray aes.Mode = CipherMode.ECB aes.Padding = PaddingMode.ISO10126 Dim decryptor = aes.CreateDecryptor() Dim decrypted = decryptor.TransformFinalBlock(toDecryptArray, 0, toDecryptArray.Length) aes.Clear() Return decrypted End Function When I run the decryption code, I get the following error message Padding is invalid and cannot be removed.

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• HELP! WebClient.UploadFile() throws exception while uploading files to sharepoint

  - by Royson

  In my application i am uploading files to sharepoint 2007. I am using using (WebClient webClient = new WebClient()) { webClient.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(userName, password); webClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-vermeer-urlencoded"); webClient.Headers.Add("X-Vermeer-Content-Type", "application/x-vermeer-urlencoded"); String result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(webClient.UploadData(webUrl + "/_vti_bin/_vti_aut/author.dll","POST", data.ToArray())); } the code is running successfully..but for some files it throws exception The underlying connection was closed: The connection was closed unexpectedly. at System.Net.WebClient.UploadDataInternal(Uri address, String method, Byte[] data, WebRequest& request) at System.Net.WebClient.UploadData(Uri address, String method, Byte[] data) at System.Net.WebClient.UploadData(String address, String method, Byte[] data) Any Ideas what I have done wrong? I am using VS-2008 2.0

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• image scaling with C

  - by sa125

  Hi - I'm trying to read an image file and scale it by multiplying each byte by a scale its pixel levels by some absolute factor. I'm not sure I'm doing it right, though - void scale_file(char *infile, char *outfile, float scale) { // open files for reading FILE *infile_p = fopen(infile, 'r'); FILE *outfile_p = fopen(outfile, 'w'); // init data holders char *data; char *scaled_data; // read each byte, scale and write back while ( fread(&data, 1, 1, infile_p) != EOF ) { *scaled_data = (*data) * scale; fwrite(&scaled_data, 1, 1, outfile); } // close files fclose(infile_p); fclose(outfile_p); } What gets me is how to do each byte multiplication (scale is 0-1.0 float) - I'm pretty sure I'm either reading it wrong or missing something big. Also, data is assumed to be unsigned (0-255). Please don't judge my poor code :) thanks

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• Java ByteBuffer to VB .NET

  - by user1797258

  I have this java code : ByteBuffer p = ByteBuffer.allocate(packet.length - 10 + 14); p.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN); p.putInt(packet.length); p.putInt(packet.request_id); p.putInt(packet.type); p.put(packet.paylod); p.put((byte) 0); p.put((byte) 0); And i want to translate it to VB .NET I started with this : Dim p(packet.length - 10 + 14) As Byte But after i dont know how to put these variables in the right way

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• WebClient.UploadFile() throws exception while uploading files to sharepoint

  - by Royson

  In my application i am uploading files to sharepoint 2007. I am using using (WebClient webClient = new WebClient()) { webClient.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(userName, password); webClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-vermeer-urlencoded"); webClient.Headers.Add("X-Vermeer-Content-Type", "application/x-vermeer-urlencoded"); String result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(webClient.UploadData(webUrl + "/_vti_bin/_vti_aut/author.dll","POST", data.ToArray())); } the code is running successfully..but for some files it throws exception The underlying connection was closed: The connection was closed unexpectedly. at System.Net.WebClient.UploadDataInternal(Uri address, String method, Byte[] data, WebRequest& request) at System.Net.WebClient.UploadData(Uri address, String method, Byte[] data) at System.Net.WebClient.UploadData(String address, String method, Byte[] data) Any Ideas what I have done wrong? I am using VS-2008 2.0

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• Endianness inside CPU registers

  - by Abhishek Tamhane

  I need help understanding endianness inside CPU registers of x86 processors. I wrote this small assembly program: section .data section .bss section .text global _start _start: nop mov eax, 0x78FF5ABC mov ebx,'WXYZ' nop ; GDB breakpoint here. mov eax, 1 mov ebx, 0 int 0x80 I ran this program in GDB with a breakpoint on line number 10 (commented in the source above). At this breakpoint, info registers shows the value of eax=0x78ff5abc and ebx=0x5a595857. Since the ASCII codes for W, X, Y, Z are 57, 58, 59, 5A respectively; and intel is little endian, 0x5a595857 seems like the correct byte order (least significant byte first). Why isn't then the output for eax register 0xbc5aff78 (least significant byte of the number 0x78ff5abc first) instead of 0x78ff5abc?

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• The remote server returned an error: (400) Bad Request - uploading less 2MB file size?

  - by fiberOptics

  The file succeed to upload when it is 2KB or lower in size. The main reason why I use streaming is to be able to upload file up to at least 1 GB. But when I try to upload file with less 1MB size, I get bad request. It is my first time to deal with downloading and uploading process, so I can't easily find the cause of error. Testing part: private void button24_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { OpenFileDialog openfile = new OpenFileDialog(); if (openfile.ShowDialog() == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK) { string port = "3445"; byte[] fileStream; using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(openfile.FileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read)) { fileStream = new byte[fs.Length]; fs.Read(fileStream, 0, (int)fs.Length); fs.Close(); fs.Dispose(); } string baseAddress = "http://localhost:" + port + "/File/AddStream?fileID=9"; HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(baseAddress); request.Method = "POST"; request.ContentType = "text/plain"; //request.ContentType = "application/octet-stream"; Stream serverStream = request.GetRequestStream(); serverStream.Write(fileStream, 0, fileStream.Length); serverStream.Close(); using (HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse) { int statusCode = (int)response.StatusCode; StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()); } } } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } } Service: [WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "AddStream?fileID={fileID}", Method = "POST", BodyStyle = WebMessageBodyStyle.Bare)] public bool AddStream(long fileID, System.IO.Stream fileStream) { ClasslLogic.FileComponent svc = new ClasslLogic.FileComponent(); return svc.AddStream(fileID, fileStream); } Server code for streaming: namespace ClasslLogic { public class StreamObject : IStreamObject { public bool UploadFile(string filename, Stream fileStream) { try { FileStream fileToupload = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Create); byte[] bytearray = new byte[10000]; int bytesRead, totalBytesRead = 0; do { bytesRead = fileStream.Read(bytearray, 0, bytearray.Length); totalBytesRead += bytesRead; } while (bytesRead > 0); fileToupload.Write(bytearray, 0, bytearray.Length); fileToupload.Close(); fileToupload.Dispose(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } return true; } } } Web config: <system.serviceModel> <bindings> <basicHttpBinding> <binding> <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="2097152" maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="2097152" /> <security mode="None" /> </binding> <binding name="ClassLogicBasicTransfer" closeTimeout="00:05:00" openTimeout="00:05:00" receiveTimeout="00:15:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" maxBufferPoolSize="67108864" maxReceivedMessageSize="67108864" messageEncoding="Mtom" textEncoding="utf-8" useDefaultWebProxy="true"> <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="67108864" maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="67108864" /> <security mode="None"> <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" realm="" /> <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> </security> </binding> <binding name="BaseLogicWSHTTP"> <security mode="None" /> </binding> <binding name="BaseLogicWSHTTPSec" /> </basicHttpBinding> </bindings> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior> <!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment --> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> <!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true. Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information --> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <serviceHostingEnvironment multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" /> </system.serviceModel> I'm not sure if this affects the streaming function, because I'm using WCF4.0 rest template which config is dependent in Global.asax. One more thing is this, whether I run the service and passing a stream or not, the created file always contain this thing. How could I remove the "NUL" data? Thanks in advance. Edit public bool UploadFile(string filename, Stream fileStream) { try { FileStream fileToupload = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Create); byte[] bytearray = new byte[10000]; int bytesRead, totalBytesRead = 0; do { bytesRead = fileStream.Read(bytearray, totalBytesRead, bytearray.Length - totalBytesRead); totalBytesRead += bytesRead; } while (bytesRead > 0); fileToupload.Write(bytearray, 0, totalBytesRead); fileToupload.Close(); fileToupload.Dispose(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } return true; }

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• Can Microsoft store three-valued fields in a single bit?

  - by fenomas

  I'm completely ignorant of SQL/databases, but I was chatting with a friend who does a lot of database work about how some databases use a "boolean" field that can take a value of NULL in addition to true and false. Regarding this, he made a comment along these lines: "To Microsoft's credit, they have never referred to that kind of field as a boolean, they just call it a bit. And it's a true bit - if you have eight or fewer bit fields in a record, it only requires one byte to store them all." Naturally that seems impossible to me - if the field can hold three values you're not going to fit eight of them into a byte. My friend agreed that it seemed odd, but begged ignorance of the low-level internals and said that so far as he knew, such fields can hold three values when viewed from the SQL side, and it does work out to require a byte of storage. I imagine one of us has a wire crossed. Can anyone explain what's really going on here?

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• embed ttf as embeded resource can't reference it

  - by HoNgOuRu

  Hi, I've just added a ttf file to the project (c# 2008 express) as "file" and build option to embeded resource. I'm having problems when trying to set this font like this: (I know the next line is wrong...) this.label1.Font = AlarmWatch.Properties.Resources.Baby_Universe; Error 1 Cannot implicitly convert type 'byte[]' to 'System.Drawing.Font' C:\Users\hongo\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\AlarmWatch\AlarmWatch\Form1.Designer.cs 57 32 AlarmWatch I know it is byte[] cause I've set the option build as embeded resource, but...comparing with this line that is correct "this.label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("OCR A Extended", 24F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));" How can I set this.label1 to use the new font??? thanks

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• How do I recieve byteArray sent from a Server and read 4 single bytes at a time.

  - by k80sg

  I need to receive 320 bytes of data from a server which consist of 80 4 byte int fields. How do I receive them in bytes of 4 and display their respective int values? Thanks. Not sure if this is right for the receiving part: //for reading the data from the socket BufferedInputStream bufferinput=new BufferedInputStream(NewSocket.getInputStream()); DataInputStream datainput=new DataInputStream(bufferinput); byte[] handsize=new byte[32]; // The control will halt at the below statement till all the 32 bytes are not read from the socket. datainput.readFully(handsize);

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• Python + PostgreSQL + strange ascii = UTF8 encoding error

  - by Claudiu

  I have ascii strings which contain the character "\x80" to represent the euro symbol: >>> print "\x80" € When inserting string data containing this character into my database, I get: psycopg2.DataError: invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x80 HINT: This error can also happen if the byte sequence does not match the encodi ng expected by the server, which is controlled by "client_encoding". I'm a unicode newbie. How can I convert my strings containing "\x80" to valid UTF-8 containing that same euro symbol? I've tried calling .encode and .decode on various strings, but run into errors: >>> "\x80".encode("utf-8") Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#14>", line 1, in <module> "\x80".encode("utf-8") UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0x80 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

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• Wrapping allocated output parameters with a scoped_ptr/array

  - by Danra

  So, I have some code which looks like this: byte* ar; foo(ar) // Allocates a new[] byte array for ar ... delete[] ar; To make this safer, I used a scoped_array: byte* arRaw; scoped_array ar; foo(arRaw); ar.reset(arRaw); ... // No delete[] The question is, Is there any existing way to do this using just the scoped_array, without using a temporary raw array? I can probably write an in-place "resetter" class, just wondering if the functionality exists and I'm missing it. Thanks, Dan

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• .net converting bytearray to double[]

  - by AJ

  Hello, I am working with a database from a legacy app which stores 24 floating point values (doubles) as a byte array of length 192, so 8 bytes per value. This byte array is stored in a column of type image in a SQL Server 2005 database. In my .net app I need to read this byte array and convert it to a array of type Double[24]. I can access the field easy enough reader.GetBytes(...) but how to convert the returned ByteArray to Double[24] Any ideas? Thanks, AJ

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• How does Bitmap.Save(Stream, ImageFormat) format the data?

  - by Matt Jacobsen

  I have a non transparent, colour bitmap with length 2480 and width 3507. Using Bitmap.GetPixel(int x, int y) I am able to get the colour information of each pixel in the bitmap. If I squirt the bitmap into a byte[]: MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); bmp.Save(ms, ImageFormat.Bmp); ms.Position = 0; byte[] bytes = ms.ToArray(); then I'd expect to have the same information, i.e. I can go to bytes[1000] and read the colour information for that pixel. It turns out that my array of bytes is larger than I anticipated. I thought I'd get an array with 2480 x 3507 = 8697360 elements. Instead I get an array with 8698438 elements - some sort of header I presume. In what format the bytes in my array stored? Is there a header 1078 bytes long followed by Alpha, Red, Green, Blue values for every byte element, or something else?

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• Any simple Java way to pass parts of a hashmap to another hashmap?

  - by Arvanem

  Hi folks, For my trading program, a Merchant object has a qualities HashMap of enumerated Qualities with Boolean values. public class Merchants { private Map<Qualities, Boolean> qualities = new HashMap<Qualities, Boolean>(); I would like to give each Merchant object a further ratedQualities HashMap of True Qualities with Byte or Integer values representing the Rating of those Qualities. For example, a given Merchant could have a "1" Rating associated with their True Stockbroking Quality. The problem is Java does not let me do this easily. The following code demonstrates my intentions but doesn't compile: private Map<qualities-TRUE, Byte> ratedQualities = new HashMap<qualities-TRUE, Byte>(); According to this link text one solution is to create a Wrapper for the qualities HashMap. Is this the only solution or is there a better way? Thanks in advance for your help.

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• Send file by webservice

  - by phenevo

  Hi, I have webservice, wwith method: [WebMethod] public byte[] GetFile(string FName) { System.IO.FileStream fs1 = null; fs1 = System.IO.File.Open(FName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read); byte[] b1 = new byte[fs1.Length]; fs1.Read(b1, 0, (int)fs1.Length); fs1.Close(); return b1; } and it works with small file like 1mb, but when it comes to photoshop's file (about 1,5gb) I get: System.OutOfMemoryException The idea is I have winforms application which get this file and saving it on local disc.

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