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  • Correct way to re-install grub in Ubuntu.

    - by xenon
    What is the standard/correct way to re-install grub2? I am using liveusb right now and i am unable to boot into Ubuntu on my hard drive. Partitions are as follows: /dev/sda1 1 3917 31463271 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 3918 10444 52428127+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 10445 15671 41985877+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda4 15672 19457 30411045 5 Extended /dev/sda5 * 15672 17711 16386268+ 83 Linux /dev/sda6 17712 19457 14024713+ 83 Linux Pleas help. thanks

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  • Problems with 5.1 digital out on Ubuntu 12.04

    - by user895319
    I've recently bought a new PC, installed Ubuntu and am now unable to get 5.1 digital sound working. Simple analogue stereo works fine on both the front and rear connectors. On my old box I connected the coax connection from my soundcard to my surround sound amplifier, set Settings-Sound to "Digital Stereo Duplex" and it worked. My old soundcard doesn't fit in my new machine so I'm using the built-in sound hardware. I'm connecting the combination output socket on the back of the PC via the same cable to my surround amp as before. The MB is an MSI Global H61M-P31 with an RealTek ALC887 sound chip. When I go to Settings-Sound I only see "Headphone Built-in Audio" and "Analogue Output Built-in Audio" - no digitial options. The output from aplay -l is: default Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server sysdefault:CARD=PCH HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Default Audio Device front:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Front speakers surround40:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers surround51:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround71:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speakers dmix:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Direct sample mixing device dsnoop:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Direct sample snooping device hw:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Direct hardware device without any conversions plughw:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Hardware device with all software conversions While googling for ALC887 I've seen some references to "ALC887 -VD Analog" and some to "ALC887 -VD Digital". Does anyone know if I need to force it to chance mode somehow? It's worth mentioning that when I set the output to 5.1 digital surround in Windows 7 on the same machine I still don't get any sound so it's not a unique Linux problem. Thanks for any help.

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  • Removing vg and lv after physical drive has been removed

    - by Rene
    We had a disk fail and replace but forgot to vgreduce first. The drive was on it's own VG and with two empty LV's and these are now causing LVM to complain every time any command is run, i.e. # lvscan /dev/vg04/swap: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 4294901760: Input/output error /dev/vg04/swap: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 4294959104: Input/output error /dev/vg04/swap: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 0: Input/output error /dev/vg04/swap: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 4096: Input/output error /dev/vg04/vz: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 995903864832: Input/output error /dev/vg04/vz: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 995903922176: Input/output error /dev/vg04/vz: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 0: Input/output error /dev/vg04/vz: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 4096: Input/output error The two LV's are not important, I just want to stop this error from displaying.

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  • Windows 7 boots to black screen with blinking cursor

    - by murgatroid99
    I have an Alienware M17x that dual boots into Ubuntu 11.04 and Windows 7 Home Premium. Currently, the computer starts at the GRUB loader and will boot into Ubuntu, but if I try to boot into Windows, I immediately get a black screen with a blinking cursor in the upper left corner. The output of fdisk -l is Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/dm-0p1 1 5 40131 de Dell Utility Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p2 6 1918 15360000 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p3 * 1918 64772 504878877+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 3 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p4 64772 77827 104858625 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p5 64772 67204 19531008 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p6 67204 74498 58593536 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p7 74498 77577 24731648 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p8 77578 77827 2000128 82 Linux swap / Solaris I have used the Windows rescue CD, and run the automatic error fixer until it finds no errors. I have run chkdsk /R on both the main Windows 7 (/dev/dm-0p3) partition and the recovery partition (/dev/dm-0p2). I set the main Windows 7 partition to be active. I also tried running in the recovery console the commands bootrec /fixmbr bootrec /fixboot bootrec /rebuildbcd None of these helped and the last set of commands deletes grub, which I then have to reinstall from Ubuntu. I think the last thing I did in windows before this started was install the newest ATI driver for my video card. This would suggest using system restore, and I actually had a restore point earlier (after the problem started), but after whatever I did that restore point does not appear in the list on the recovery disk any more, so I cannot do a system restore. Is there anything else I can try to make Windows boot properly again? Edit: Running the suggested commands bootsect /nt60 c: bcdboot c:\windows /s c: was also ineffective.

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  • Grub problem with dual boot Ubuntu & XP (Ubuntu installed first)

    - by c00lryguy
    I had Ubuntu installed and I installed XP. I tried to be able to dual boot them by running an Ubuntu live cd and running ~ $ sudo grub grub> root (hd0,0) grub> setup (hd0) But now when I restart I get a black screen that says 'Boot device Selected Boot Device and press any key No matter what key I press it shows this error This is what my system looks like: /dev/sda1 - Ubuntu - ext3 - 73 GiB /dev/sda2 - Ubuntu - extended - 3.16 GiB /dev/sda5 - Ubuntu - linux-swap - 3.16 GiB /dev/sdb1 - Windows XP - ntfs - 76 GiB /dev/sdc1 - Stuff - ext3 - Code/Documents /dev/sdd2 - Stuff - ext3 - Movies/Music

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  • LVM2 volume group lost

    - by MrG
    I updated one of my servers, but - although I took care not to modify - the volume groups on /dev/sdb1 were lost, although the physical volumes seem to be still there: [root@server ~]# pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup lvm2 [465,16 GiB / 0 free] PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [1,82 TiB] Total: 2 [2,27 TiB] / in use: 1 [465,16 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [1,82 TiB] [root@server ~]# pvs -v Scanning for physical volume names PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree DevSize PV UUID /dev/sda2 VolGroup lvm2 a-- 465,16g 0 465,16g HftbaD-MBs0-3p7D-6O13-CrzU-T9Gb-6W0ofB /dev/sdb1 lvm2 a-- 1,82t 1,82t 1,82t dD4XZP-WStA-61xV-5Sff-ifmW-R4rR-JenHoU [root@server ~]# pvck -d -v /dev/sdb1 Scanning /dev/sdb1 Found label on /dev/sdb1, sector 1, type=LVM2 001 Found text metadata area: offset=4096, size=1044480 Found LVM2 metadata record at offset=10752, size=1037824, offset2=0 size2=0 Found LVM2 metadata record at offset=9216, size=1536, offset2=0 size2=0 Found LVM2 metadata record at offset=7168, size=2048, offset2=0 size2=0 Found LVM2 metadata record at offset=5632, size=1536, offset2=0 size2=0 I attempted to fix it as described here and was able to extract the 4 meta data sets listed above (using i.e. dd bs=1 skip=5632 count=1536 if=/dev/sdb1 of=output.file), none of them includes the lv_data which I'm missing. Please advise how I could access the files which should be on /dev/sdb1 there. Any help is appreciated!

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  • rdisk value in boot.ini maps to which disk?

    - by MA1
    Hi All Following are the contents of a sample boot.ini: [boot loader] timeout=30 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /NOEXECUTE=OPTIN /FASTDETECT multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINNT="Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition" /NOEXECUTE=OPTIN /FASTDETECT rdisk value tells the physical disk number. so, if i have three hard disks say: /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc than how to know which disk(/dev/sda or /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc) is rdisk(0) and which disk is rdisk(1) etc Regards,

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  • Input/output (read) errors in Bacula while setting up a Tape Drive + Autochanger

    - by Kyle Brandt
    When running the label barcode command in bacula I am getting Input/output errors. I am just getting started in trying to set this up: Connecting to Storage daemon TapeDevice at ny-back01.ny.stackoverflow.com:9103 ... Sending label command for Volume "ACJ332" Slot 1 ... 3307 Issuing autochanger "unload slot 8, drive 0" command. 3304 Issuing autochanger "load slot 1, drive 0" command. 3305 Autochanger "load slot 1, drive 0", status is OK. block.c:1010 Read error on fd=5 at file:blk 0:0 on device "ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0). ERR=Input/output error. 3000 OK label. VolBytes=64512 DVD=0 Volume="ACJ332" Device="ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0) Catalog record for Volume "ACJ332", Slot 1 successfully created. Sending label command for Volume "ACJ331" Slot 2 ... 3307 Issuing autochanger "unload slot 1, drive 0" command. 3304 Issuing autochanger "load slot 2, drive 0" command. 3305 Autochanger "load slot 2, drive 0", status is OK. block.c:1010 Read error on fd=5 at file:blk 0:0 on device "ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0). ERR=Input/output error. 3000 OK label. VolBytes=64512 DVD=0 Volume="ACJ331" Device="ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0) Catalog record for Volume "ACJ331", Slot 2 successfully created. Sending label command for Volume "ACJ328" Slot 3 ... 3307 Issuing autochanger "unload slot 2, drive 0" command. 3304 Issuing autochanger "load slot 3, drive 0" command. 3305 Autochanger "load slot 3, drive 0", status is OK. block.c:1010 Read error on fd=5 at file:blk 0:0 on device "ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0). ERR=Input/output error. 3000 OK label. VolBytes=64512 DVD=0 Volume="ACJ328" Device="ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0) Catalog record for Volume "ACJ328", Slot 3 successfully created. Sending label command for Volume "ACJ329" Slot 4 ... 3307 Issuing autochanger "unload slot 3, drive 0" command. 3304 Issuing autochanger "load slot 4, drive 0" command. 3305 Autochanger "load slot 4, drive 0", status is OK. block.c:1010 Read error on fd=5 at file:blk 0:0 on device "ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0). ERR=Input/output error. 3000 OK label. VolBytes=64512 DVD=0 Volume="ACJ329" Device="ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0) Catalog record for Volume "ACJ329", Slot 4 successfully created. Sending label command for Volume "ACJ335" Slot 5 ... 3307 Issuing autochanger "unload slot 4, drive 0" command. 3304 Issuing autochanger "load slot 5, drive 0" command. 3305 Autochanger "load slot 5, drive 0", status is OK. block.c:1010 Read error on fd=5 at file:blk 0:0 on device "ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0). ERR=Input/output error. 3000 OK label. VolBytes=64512 DVD=0 Volume="ACJ335" Device="ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0) Catalog record for Volume "ACJ335", Slot 5 successfully created. Sending label command for Volume "ACJ334" Slot 6 ... 3307 Issuing autochanger "unload slot 5, drive 0" command. 3304 Issuing autochanger "load slot 6, drive 0" command. 3305 Autochanger "load slot 6, drive 0", status is OK. block.c:1010 Read error on fd=5 at file:blk 0:0 on device "ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0). ERR=Input/output error. 3000 OK label. VolBytes=64512 DVD=0 Volume="ACJ334" Device="ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0) Catalog record for Volume "ACJ334", Slot 6 successfully created. Sending label command for Volume "ACJ333" Slot 7 ... 3307 Issuing autochanger "unload slot 6, drive 0" command. 3304 Issuing autochanger "load slot 7, drive 0" command. 3305 Autochanger "load slot 7, drive 0", status is OK. block.c:1010 Read error on fd=5 at file:blk 0:0 on device "ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0). ERR=Input/output error. 3000 OK label. VolBytes=64512 DVD=0 Volume="ACJ333" Device="ULTRIUM-HH4" (/dev/st0) Catalog record for Volume "ACJ333", Slot 7 successfully created. Sending label command for Volume "ACJ330" Slot 8 ... 3307 Issuing autochanger "unload slot 7, drive 0" command. Bacula-dir: # Definition of file storage device Storage { Name = TapeDevice # Do not use "localhost" here Address = ny-back01.... # N.B. Use a fully qualified name here SDPort = 9103 Password = "..." Device = ULTRIUM-HH4 Media Type = LTO-4 Media Type = File Autochanger = Yes } Bacula-sd: Autochanger { Name = StorageLoader1U Device = ULTRIUM-HH4 Changer Command = "/etc/bacula/scripts/mtx-changer %c %o %S %a %d" Changer Device = /dev/sg5 } Device { Name = ULTRIUM-HH4 Media Type = LTO-4 Archive Device = /dev/st0 AutomaticMount = yes; AlwaysOpen = yes; RemovableMedia = yes; RandomAccess = no; AutoChanger = yes; RandomAccess = no; } Anyone knows what this means / why I am getting this?

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  • What's the reason to break HDD to few partitions for MDADM+LVM2?

    - by archer
    I'm using 2 HDDs each 1TB in size. I'm going to create MDADM+LVM2 over them. Initially I though about this partition layout: /dev/sda1 - 1Gb (boot) /dev/sda2 - 500Gb (md0) /dev/sda3 - 499Gb (md1) /dev/sdb1 - 1Gb (boot) /dev/sdb2 - 500Gb (md0) /dev/sdb3 - 499Gb (md1) md0 is going to be raid0 and md1 is going to be raid1 however, I found some info that this would be better to break each drive to more partitions (lets say 10 partitions 100Gb in size each). What's the reason of doing that?

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  • GRUB reporting wrong partition type

    - by plok
    It all started when I had to replace one of the disks that the software RAID 1 on this machine currently uses. From that moment on I have not been able to boot to the Windows XP that is installed on the fourth hard drive, /dev/sdd. I am almost positive that the problem is related not to Windows but to GRUB, as if I unplug all the other hard drives so that the Windows XP disk is now /dev/sda it boots with no problem. The problem seems to be that GRUB detects a wrong partition type, which I understand suggest that something is really messed up. This is what I get when I try to follow the steps that until now had worked like a charm: grub> map (hd0) (hd3) grub> map (hd3) (hd0) grub> root (hd3,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd 0xfd? That doesn't make sense. /dev/sdb and sdc are 0xfd (Linux raid), but not /dev/sdd: edel:~# fdisk -l [...] Disk /dev/sdd: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00048d89 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 1 30400 244187968+ 7 HPFS/NTFS edel:/boot/grub# cat device.map (hd0) /dev/sda (hd1) /dev/sdb (hd2) /dev/sdc (hd3) /dev/sdd I have been trying to work this out for hours, to no avail. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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  • GRUB2 not detecting OS on raid partitions

    - by sleeves
    I have recently added a drive to a system and have successfully raid'ed (RAID-1) the paritions, with the exception of the boot partition. I have it ready and mirrored, but can't get GRUB2 (update-grub) to find it. System: Ubuntu 11.04 Raid Metadata: 1.2 If I run update-grub, it finds the kernel images on the /dev/sda2 partition (present root) but not the images on /dev/md127. /dev/md127 is composed of "missing" and "/dev/sdb2". fdisk on /dev/sdb confirms that sdb2 is of type fd (raid autodetect) and is also flagged bootable. I have two things I want to do. Make the boot.cfg on /dev/sdb2 have a menu option to have the root be /dev/md127 Install grub onto /dev/md127 so the actual boot.cfg from there is being used. Thanks!

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  • Conflicting ip routes with local table on attaching a virtual network interface

    - by user1071840
    I have an EC2 instance with these ip rules: $ sudo ip rule show 0: from all lookup local 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default I can attach an elastic network interface to it with a private IP. Say the IP of my machine is 10.1.3.12 and the IP of the interface is 10.1.1.190. As soon as I attach the interface to my machine a new entry is added to the routing policy and local routing table: sudo ip rule show 0: from all lookup local 32765: from 10.1.1.190 lookup 10003 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default $ sudo ip route show table local broadcast 10.1.1.0 dev eth3 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.1.190 local 10.1.1.190 dev eth3 proto kernel scope host src 10.1.1.190 broadcast 10.1.1.255 dev eth3 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.1.190 broadcast 10.1.3.0 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.3.12 local 10.1.3.12 dev eth0 proto kernel scope host src 10.1.3.12 broadcast 10.1.3.255 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.3.12 broadcast 127.0.0.0 dev lo proto kernel scope link src 127.0.0.1 local 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo proto kernel scope host src 127.0.0.1 local 127.0.0.1 dev lo proto kernel scope host src 127.0.0.1 broadcast 127.255.255.255 dev lo proto kernel scope link src 127.0.0.1 I can send traffic to this ENI directly from a host that can have the same IP as the host the ENI is attached to. This is where the problem starts. I ran tcpdump on the port in question and saw multiple SYNs going to the ENI with src '10.1.3.12' and destination '10.1.1.190' but didn't see even a single ACK. In my understanding if ACKs were being sent from the ENI they'd have destination as 10.1.3.12 i.e. the same as the local machine's IP and such packets will now be routed as local packets matching local routing policy: local 10.1.3.12 dev eth0 proto kernel scope host src 10.1.3.12 I'd like to send all the packets originating from 10.1.1.190 (my ENI) to go back on the same interface i.e. eth3 in this case. Contents of the nee table 10003 are: $ sudo ip route show table 10003 default via 10.1.1.1 dev eth3 I think I can do the following: I don't know if its possible but probably decrease the priority of local table so the packets match the table 10003. Use iptables to mangle these packets and update the local table route to include the mark information But I'm not sure if these are the right approaches.

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  • centos install / partitioning

    - by ServerSideX
    I'm using NOC-PS to remotely install Centos 6.2 via KVM / IPMI. I'm going to install cPanel as well and they recommend this layout /boot (99MB) swap (2x server RAM) / (remainder) In the o/s install profile within NOC-PS software, it shows as this: part /boot --fstype ext2 --size 250 part pv.01 --size 1 --grow volgroup vg pv.01 logvol / --vgname=vg --size=1 --grow --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=root logvol /tmp --vgname=vg --size=1024 --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=tmp logvol swap --vgname=vg --recommended --name=swap By the time the default partition setup was done installing Centos, I get this [root@server005 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg-root 532G 907M 504G 1% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 243M 28M 202M 13% /boot /dev/mapper/vg-tmp 1008M 34M 924M 4% /tmp [root@server005 ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Fri Dec 7 18:47:24 2012 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg-root / ext4 discard,noatime 1 1 UUID=58b31aaf-5072-4fb1-a858-33bc316fa793 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-tmp /tmp ext4 discard,noatime 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 My question is, how should the NOC-PS install profile look like to get the recommended cPanel partitioning? The server has 16GB RAM, dual 600GB SAS drives and will be used for cPanel shared hosting.

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  • Logical volume that spans raid1 sets: what happens if a RAID fails?

    - by Jeff Shattock
    Consider the following scenario: /dev/md0 - 10GB RAID 1 volume built from /dev/sda and /dev/sdb /dev/md1 - 10GB RAID 1 volume built from /dev/sdc and /dev/sdd /dev/vg0 - volume group containing md0 and md1 /dev/vg0/lv0 - 15GB logical volume The raid devices are created with mdadm; the logical volumes by LVM. What happens to lv0 if md0 fails entirely? That is, if both sda and sdb disintegrate so that the md0 device can not start. Is the portion of the data that resided on md1 still accessible, or is the entire LV gone? Would the answer change if lv0 were created as a striped volume vs non-striped?

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  • Linux data storage and partitioning

    - by Rajeev
    In the following output of df -h you can see that i have added a new hard drive(/dev/hdd1) and have mounted as /hdd1. My question is if I start dumping data to /opt will that data be mounted in /hdd1 or / My goal is to utilise the new hdd1 instead of old disk(/dev/sda3). How can this be done? Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 442G 312G 12G 86% / tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 57M 128M 31% /boot /dev/sdb1 1.7T 201M 2.6T 1% /hdd1

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  • Can't create LVM due to: not found (or ignored by filtering)

    - by James
    I'm planning to use LVM for KVM, and when I try to create a VG it fails, so how can I create my VG and LV ? Thanks [root@server ~]# vgcreate virtual-machines /dev/sda Device /dev/sda not found (or ignored by filtering). Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sda' to volume group 'virtual-machines'. [root@server ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 2.0T 929G 976G 49% / tmpfs 3.9G 124K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 57M 128M 31% /boot [root@server ~]# pvscan No matching physical volumes found

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  • Installing grub2 on ubutntu with software raid mirroring

    - by Marko
    Hi guys, Can someone help me out on this? I accidentally installed grub on usb flash drive during ubuntu server installation. Now I cant boot system without drive attached to server. I want to install grub on hard drive with grub-install but i don't know what to set as location for boot loader? my fstab looks like this: file system mount point type options dump pass proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/mapper/pdc_jdbeghhjg1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/mapper/pdc_jdbeghhjg5 none swap sw 0 0 and partition tables for hard drives as this: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1215662079 607830016 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1215664126 1249998847 17167361 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1215664128 1249998847 17167360 82 Linux swap / Solaris Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 75672 607830016 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 75672 77809 17167361 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 75672 77809 17167360 82 Linux swap / Solaris ?

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  • How should I configure backup of my server?

    - by ed209
    I have just rented a dedicated server. If it helps this is the config I have: CPU1 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz (Cores 8) RAM 15975 MB Disk /dev/sda doesn't contain a valid partition table (=> /dev/sda doesn't) Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table (=> /dev/sdc doesn't) Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table (=> /dev/sdb doesn't) Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB (=> 114 GIB) Disk /dev/sdc: 3000.6 GB (=> 2861 GIB) Disk /dev/sdb: 3000.6 GB (=> 2861 GIB) /dev/sda is a 120GB SSD. This is where I have Ubuntu/lamp installed. It's the drive that will run my site. With the account I got two other drives of 3000GB each which I really don't need but they came with the account. I figured I could use these to back up my main 120gb drive. So a couple of things I wondered were: Should I use these for backups? How should I back up. The data I want to back up is a user uploads directory full of images and the database. Everything else is either in a code repo or backed up some other way. For example, it would be nice to know there is a disk image of the 120gb drive somewhere that I can copy over should there be any problems but equally I don't mind doing a fresh install of all the software and copying over just the images and database dump. Thanks for your advice! (also, happy to not use the two other drives and backup elsewhere if it's more sensible)

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  • In Linux, is it possible to get a listing of drives' disk space usage that also shows volume labels?

    - by DavidH
    I know about df, of course, but df does not output volume labels. I have 5 USB hard drives plugged into my NAS box, and would love to know which is which. Current df output: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 27G 2.2G 24G 9% / none 56M 476K 55M 1% /dev none 60M 0 60M 0% /dev/shm none 60M 332K 59M 1% /var/run none 60M 0 60M 0% /var/lock none 60M 0 60M 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/sde1 150G 102G 48G 68% /media/usb0 /dev/sdb1 299G 196G 103G 66% /media/usb1 /dev/sdc1 233G 183G 51G 79% /media/usb2 /dev/sdd1 233G 209G 25G 90% /media/usb3 /dev/sdf1 150G 101G 49G 68% /media/usb4

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  • Installing grub2 on ubuntu with software raid mirroring

    - by Marko
    Can someone help me out on this? I accidentally installed grub on usb flash drive during ubuntu server installation. Now I cant boot system without drive attached to server. I want to install grub on hard drive with grub-install but i don't know what to set as location for boot loader? my fstab looks like this: file system mount point type options dump pass proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/mapper/pdc_jdbeghhjg1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/mapper/pdc_jdbeghhjg5 none swap sw 0 0 and partition tables for hard drives as this: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1215662079 607830016 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1215664126 1249998847 17167361 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1215664128 1249998847 17167360 82 Linux swap / Solaris Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 75672 607830016 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 75672 77809 17167361 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 75672 77809 17167360 82 Linux swap / Solaris ?

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  • Accessing the partitions on an VLM volume

    - by projix
    Suppose you have an LVM volume /dev/vg0/mylv. You have presented this as a virtual disk to a virtualised or emulated guest system. During installation the guest system sees it as /dev/sda and partitions it into /dev/sda{1,2,5,6} and completes the installation. Now at some point you need to access those filesystems from within the host system, without running the guest system. fdisk sees these partitions just fine: # fdisk -l /dev/vg0/mylv Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vg0/mylv1 2048 684031 340992 83 Linux /dev/vg0/mylv2 686078 20969471 10141697 5 Extended /dev/vg0/mylv5 686080 8290303 3802112 83 Linux /dev/vg0/mylv6 8292352 11980799 1844224 83 Linux However, the devices such as /dev/vg0/mylv1 do not actually exist. I guess that because they're within an LV, the OS does not recognise this type of nesting by default. Is there any way I can prod Linux so that /dev/vg0/mylv1 or equivalent appears and thus becomes mountable within the host system? I understand that it's possible with qemu-nbd, and will use this if necessary. However, I was hoping for something more direct if possible, rather than simulating a network block device and attaching that.

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  • Installation stuck on "Installation Type" screen

    - by Andrew Latham
    I am trying to install Ubuntu 11.10 with Windows 7 from a CD. I am using an HP Pavilion dm4. I've never used Ubuntu (or any Linux) before. Everything goes alright until I get to the "Installation Type" screen. Instead of giving me options, it just has a blank menu, and all the buttons are disabled. When I click "Continue", it gives me an error saying that it can't find the root or something like that. The trial version works fine, but I can't actually install it. Everything on the trial version is really slow, presumably because everything is on the CD or the Windows partition. I did some research, but the only post I could find was http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1870478 Where the only advice is to format the entire drive, which I'm not willing to do. Any suggestions? I'm downloading 10.04 right now and I'm going to try with that instead. EDIT: 10.04 didn't work either. I got to the partitioning screen and got the same problem. I read some more forums, loaded up 11.10 trial from the disk, opened the Terminal and typed sudo apt-get remove dmraid and then y. Then I was actually able to see something on the "Installation type" page: "Erase disk and install Ubuntu" or "Something else". Which is weird, since Windows 7 should be installed. When I click Something Else, I get: /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 (ntfs) (208 MB) (69 MB used) /dev/sdb2 (ntfs) (477542 MB) (unknown used) /dev/sdb3 (ntfs) (18085 MB) (16094 MB used) /dev/sdb4 (fat32) (4265 MB) (3084 MB used) I have no idea what any of this means. Also, my device for boot loader installation changed from /dev/sda to /dev/sda ATA SAMSUNG MZMPA032 (32.0 GB)

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  • Getting the alternative to the 200-Line Linux Kernel patch to work

    - by Gödel
    Apparently, there is a comparable alternative to the 200-line kernel patch that involves no kernel upgrade. It is presented here and discussed here. However, I am not sure if webupd8's solution (under the section "Use it in Ubuntu") on Ubuntu actually works or not. In particular, one commenter on ./ is saying he's getting an error message. Could anyone post the "correct" method that actually works? Suggested solution: Based on the comments I've read so far, the following seems to work. (1) In /etc/rc.local, add the following lines to above exit 0: mkdir -p /dev/cgroup/cpu mount -t cgroup cgroup /dev/cgroup/cpu -o cpu mkdir -m 0777 /dev/cgroup/cpu/user echo "/usr/local/sbin/cgroup_clean" > /dev/cgroup/cpu/release_agent (2) Create a file named /usr/local/sbin/cgroup_clean with the following content: #!/bin/sh rmdir /dev/cgroup/cpu/$1 (3) In your ~/.bashrc, add: if [ "$PS1" ] ; then mkdir -m 0700 /dev/cgroup/cpu/user/$$ echo $$ > /dev/cgroup/cpu/user/$$/tasks echo "1" > /dev/cgroup/cpu/user/$$/notify_on_release fi (4) (To make sure the execution bit is on) execute sudo chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/cgroup_clean /etc/rc.local (5) Reboot.

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