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  • Python Importing object that originates in one module from a different module into a third module

    - by adewinter
    I was reading the sourcode for a python project and came across the following line: from couchexport.export import Format (source: https://github.com/wbnigeria/couchexport/blob/master/couchexport/views.py#L1 ) I went over to couchexport/export.py to see what Format was (Class? Dict? something else?). Unfortunately Format isn't in that file. export.py does however import a Format from couchexport.models where there is a Format class (source: https://github.com/wbnigeria/couchexport/blob/master/couchexport/models.py#L11). When I open up the original file in my IDE and have it look up the declaration, in line I mentioned at the start of this question, it leads directly to models.py. What's going on? How can an import from one file (export.py) actually be an import from another file (models.py) without being explicitly stated?

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  • Is it good practice to put private API in the .m files and public API in .h files in Cocoa?

    - by Paperflyer
    Many of my classes in my current project have several properties and methods that are only ever called from within the class itself. Also, they might mess with the working of the class depending on the current state of the class. Currently, all these interfaces are defined in the main interface declaration in the .h files. Is it considered good practice to put the “private” methods and properties at the top of the .m files? This won't ever affect anything since I am very likely the only person ever to look at this source code, but of course it would be interesting to know for future projects.

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  • Array in Bash Not Found

    - by Waffle
    I am trying to declare an array in bash, but when the code is run it says it cannot find the array. I have tried to write out the declaration of the array in several different ways, but it seems no matter how I try to declare it I cannot get it to work. I originally tried to declare it as such: candidate[1]= 0 candidate[2]= 0 candidate[3]= 0 The error messages that are returned are: votecalculation.sh: 13: candidate[1]=: not found votecalculation.sh: 14: candidate[2]=: not found votecalculation.sh: 15: candidate[3]=: not found After this I tried another solution I found online: ARRAY=( 'can1' 'can2' 'can3' ) When that is used it returns this error: votecalculation.sh: 12: Syntax error: "(" unexpected I am new to Bash and am getting really confused about arrays. Is there some specific way I need to declare an array or am I just going about it completely wrong?

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  • Django - Passing arguments to models through ForeignKey attributes

    - by marshall
    I've got a class like this: class Image (models.Model): ... sizes = ((90,90), (300,250)) def resize_image(self): for size in sizes: ... and another class like this: class SomeClassWithAnImage (models.Model): ... an_image = models.ForeignKey(Image) what i'd like to do with that class is this: class SomeClassWithAnImage (models.Model): ... an_image = models.ForeignKey(Image, sizes=((90,90), (150, 120))) where i'm can specify the sizes that i want the Image class to use to resize itself as a argument rather than being hard coded on the class. I realise I could pass these in when calling resize_image if that was called directly but the idea is that the resize_image method is called automatically when the object is persisted to the db. if I try to pass arguments through the foreign key declaration like this i get an error straight away. is there an easy / better way to do this before I begin hacking down into django?

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  • Custom class object in Initialization list

    - by Michael
    I have a class Bar: class Bar { public: Bar(void); ~Bar(void); }; And a class Foo that gets a reference to Bar object as a constructor parameter and needs to save it in a private member bar_ : class Foo { private: Bar& bar_; public: Foo(Bar& bar) : bar_(bar) {} ~Foo(void) {} }; This doesn't compile : overloaded member function not found in 'Parser' missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int Now i suspect couple of things that i need to assure, the second error is for Bar& bar_; declaration in Foo. Do i need to use an explicit constructor when declaring bar_ ? I am interested in learning how the compiler works regarding this matter, so a detailed explanation would be highly appreciated. Thanks.

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  • In Python, how to use a C++ function which returns an allocated array of structs via a ** parameter?

    - by Jon-Eric
    I'd like to use some existing C++ code, NvTriStrip, in a Python tool. SWIG easily handles the functions with simple parameters, but the main function, GenerateStrips, is much more complicated. What do I need to put in the SWIG interface file to indicate that primGroups is really an output parameter and that it must be cleaned up with delete[]? /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // GenerateStrips() // // in_indices: input index list, the indices you would use to render // in_numIndices: number of entries in in_indices // primGroups: array of optimized/stripified PrimitiveGroups // numGroups: number of groups returned // // Be sure to call delete[] on the returned primGroups to avoid leaking mem // bool GenerateStrips( const unsigned short* in_indices, const unsigned int in_numIndices, PrimitiveGroup** primGroups, unsigned short* numGroups, bool validateEnabled = false ); FYI, here is the PrimitiveGroup declaration: enum PrimType { PT_LIST, PT_STRIP, PT_FAN }; struct PrimitiveGroup { PrimType type; unsigned int numIndices; unsigned short* indices; PrimitiveGroup() : type(PT_STRIP), numIndices(0), indices(NULL) {} ~PrimitiveGroup() { if(indices) delete[] indices; indices = NULL; } };

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  • Right rotate of tree in Haskell: how is it work?

    - by Roman
    I don't know haskell syntax, but I know some FP concepts (like algebraic data types, pattern matching, higher-order functions ect). Can someone explain please, what does this code mean: data Tree ? = Leaf ? | Fork ? (Tree ?) (Tree ?) rotateR tree = case tree of Fork q (Fork p a b) c -> Fork p a (Fork q b c) As I understand, first line is something like Tree-type declaration (but I don't understand it exactly). Second line includes pattern matching (I don't understand as well why do we need to use pattern matching here). And third line does something absolutely unreadable for non-haskell developer. I've found definition of Fork as fork (f,g) x = (f x, g x) but I can't move further anymore.

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  • C# how to dynamically cast an object?

    - by JL
    I am building a helper object that has a property called Mailer. In reality Mailer can be either a System.Net.Mail.MailMessage or a Mono.System.Net.Mail.MailMessage. So I would preferably only want 1 declaration of mailer. For example I don't want: private Mono.Mailing.MailMessage MonoMessage = new Mono.Mailing.MailMessage(); private System.Net.Mail.MailMessage MailMessage = new System.Net.Mail.MailMessage(); I would prefer object mailer; Then in constructor switch (software) { case EnunInternalMailingSoftware.dotnet: this.mailer = new System.Net.Mail.MailMessage(); break; case EnunInternalMailingSoftware.mono: this.mailer = new Mono.Mailing.MailMessage(); break; } The problem is that mailer has no properties at design time. So I can't compile my code. How can this be fixed, am I taking the right approach. Thanks in advance

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  • Is it possible to have a Shared/Static Dependency Property?

    - by Matt H.
    [using VB.NET, but I can easily read C# code in responses] I have a class called QuestionClipboard with ALL shared methods/properties. I previously had a QuesitonClipboard.doesClipboardHaveContent function that returned true/false if there was a Object on my 'clipboard'. I'd prefer to implement a Dependency Property so I can allow this true/false value to participate in data binding. The "GetValue(dp as DependencyProperty)" method requires an object instance, which would mean that my Property CAN'T be shared! Here is what the code would look like in my perfect world... Of course, the word "Shared" before the property declaration renders this code useless. Private Shared clipboardHasContentPropertyKey As DependencyPropertyKey = DependencyProperty.RegisterReadOnly("clipboardHasContent", GetType(Boolean), GetType(QuestionClipboard), _ New PropertyMetadata(False, Nothing, New CoerceValueCallback(AddressOf coerceClipboardHasContent))) Private Shared clipboardHasContentProperty As DependencyProperty = clipboardHasContentPropertyKey.DependencyProperty Public SHARED Property clipboardHasContent As Boolean Get Return GetValue(clipboardHasContentProperty) End Get Set(ByVal value As Boolean) SetValue(value) End Set End Property

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  • Legality Of Re-Implementing An Existing API (e.g. GNU implementing the UNIX APIs)

    - by splicer
    I've often wondered about this. I'm not looking for legal advice, just casual opinions ;) If some company publishes an API on the web for their closed-source library, would it be legal for another party to release an open-source implementation of that API? Are function declarations considered source code? Take GNU implementing the UNIX APIs, for example. The UNIX standard gives the following function declaration and defines its required behaviour in English: char * mktemp(char *template); Now, consider an API that lists and declares and describes several thousand (more much complex) functions, enums, etc.; an API which defines a solution to a non-trival set of problems. If an open-source project publishes C headers that copy (verbatim) the function definitions contained in the closed-source company's published API, doesn't that violate some sort copyright law?

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  • Self-referential ReferenceProperty in Google App Engine

    - by Ink-Jet
    I'm having a bit of trouble with ReferencePropertys in App Engine (Python). For a bit of fun, I'm trying to model a folder/file system, but having trouble getting folders to reference folders. My first attempt was this: class Folder(db.Model): id = db.StringProperty() name = db.StringProperty() created = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) folder = db.ReferenceProperty(Folder, collection_name="folders") But that fails as "Folder" isn't defined when "folder" is trying to be defined. I've also tried defining "folder" outside of the main declaration for "Folder", like so: class Folder(db.Model): id = db.StringProperty() name = db.StringProperty() created = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) Folder.folder = db.ReferenceProperty(Folder, collection_name="folders") But that fails with: AttributeError: 'Folder' object has no attribute 'folders' I'm kind of stumped. Does anyone have experience with this, or a solution to this problem? Thanks in advance.

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  • What's void *userData exactly?

    - by mystify
    In a C function declaration, I have seen this parameter definition: void *userData so, what exactly is that? My guess: the void says it can be anything arbitrary, or even nothing. Almost similar to id of objective-c. It just allows to pass in whatever data structure you like. The star in front of userData says, that the argument must be passed in by reference. So when using this stuff in the function body, typically it must be casted and dereferenced. So if I pass in an pointer to SomeClass instance, I would get that like this: SomeClass *myObj = (SomeClass*)userData; In the case I had nothing special to pass along, I would provide NULL as argument. Are my assumptions correct? Or did I get something wrong?

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  • Ways not to write function headers twice?

    - by mee
    Hi, I've got a C/C++ question, can I reuse functions across different object files or projects without writing the function headers twice? (one for defining the function and one for declaring it) I don't know much about C/C++, Delphi and D. I assume that in Delphi or D, you would just write once what arguments a function takes and then you can use the function across diferent projects. And in C you need the function declaration in header files *again??, right?. Is there a good tool that will create header files from C sources? I've got one, but it's not preprocessor-aware and not very strict. And I've had some macro technique that worked rather bad. I'm looking for ways to program in C/C++ like described here http://www.digitalmars.com/d/1.0/pretod.html

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  • How do I override methods of nested types?

    - by Mason Wheeler
    I've got a custom TObjectList descendant in Delphi 2009, and I'd like to play with its enumerator a bit and add some filtering functionality to the MoveNext method, to cause it to skip certain objects. MoveNext is called by DoMoveNext, which is a virtual method, so this shouldn't be difficult to override... except for one thing. The TEnumerator for TObjectList isn't its own class; it's declared as a nested type within the TObjectList declaration. Is there any simple way to override TEnumerator.DoMoveNext in my descendant class, or do I have to reimplement the whole TEnumerator? It's not a very big class, but I'd prefer to keep redundancies to a minimum if I can...

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  • Adding methods to an Objective C class interface is optional?

    - by Steve the Plant
    Coming from a C++ background, one thing that confuses me about Objective C is the fact that you can add a method to a class without actually specifying it in the class interface. So I had a barrage of questions: Why would someone choose to not add the method in the class interface? Is it simply because of visibility? Methods without a declaration in the interface are private? Is declaring methods in a class interface just optional? Is it different for overriding a base class' method?

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  • Eclipse call hierarchy skips calls in undefined #ifdef regions

    - by stupakov
    Hi all, The "call hierarchy" and "declaration" features in Eclipse CDT omit results that exist in undefined (greyed out) #ifdef regions. Example: void blah(void) { #ifndef ABC foo(); #else //line is greyed out bar(); //line is greyed out #endif //line is greyed out } The call hierarchy for foo() will list blah() as a caller; the call hierarchy for bar() will not list blah(). I'm not expecting it to do full resolution of which #define blocks will get compiled, I simply would like it to return all calls/declarations of the function I'm searching for, regardless of the #define blocks that surround it. Other IDEs such as SlickEdit are able to do this. Does anyone know of a way to get Eclipse to adopt this behavior? Thanks.

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  • VS 2010 / Resharper 5 Mouse Behavior

    - by Berryl
    After upgrading to the above configuration I notice that 1) CTRL-Click on a type highlights the type but doesn't take me to the declaration, 2) Clicking on some closure (ie, like a method) toggles whether it's expanded or collapsed. Since these are both mouse related tasks I figure there is some setting in either VS or R# that I need to change, but I sure can't figure out what it is. Anybody know? Cheers, Berryl PS - there is an option in R# to ctrl-click to the type but I have that checked and it still does not work.

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  • How to discover table properties from SQLAlchemy mapped object

    - by ssaboum
    Hi, My point is i have a class mapped with a table, in my case in a declarative way, and i want to "discover" table properties, columns, names, relations, from this class : engine = create_engine('sqlite:///' + databasePath, echo=True) # setting up root class for declarative declaration Base = declarative_base(bind=engine) class Ship(Base): __tablename__ = 'ships' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(255)) def __init__(self, name): self.name = name def __repr__(self): return "<Ship('%s')>" % (self.name) So now my goal is from the "Ship" class to get the table columns and their properties from another piece of code. I guess i can deal with it using instrumentation but is there any way provided by the SQLAlchemy API ? Thank you.

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  • iPhone SDK 3.0 deprecation of UITableViewCell .text

    - by djt9000
    Came across an SDK3.0 deprecation that I am having a bit of trouble tryinig to figure out. If my declaration of @property (nonatomic, retain) UIImage *rowImage; does not work, nor @property (nonatomic, readonly, retain) UIImage *rowImage; and I @synthesize rowImage; Do I need to write my own setter because @synthesize will not properly handle this? cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero reuseIdentifier:RootViewControllerCell] autorelease]; // Dpericated in SDK 3.0 // //cell.text = controller.title; //cell.image = controller.rowImage; // Using what the documentation says to use Error=== cell.textLabel = controller.title; Error=== cell.imageView = controller.rowImage; Error: Object cannot be set - Either readonly property or no setter found. Hope this makes sense, any help would be appreciated.

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  • sqlalchemy: what is the difference between declaring the cascade within the foreign key vs relation?

    - by steve
    what is the difference between declaring the cascade within a foreign key vs relations? class Contact(Base): __tablename__ = 'contacts' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) addresses = relation("Address", backref="contact") class Address(Base): __tablename__ = 'addresses' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) contact_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('contact.id', onupdate="CASCADE", ondelete="CASCADE"))) vs class Contact(Base): __tablename__ = 'contacts' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) addresses = relation("Address", backref="contact", cascade="all, delete-orphan") class Address(Base): __tablename__ = 'addresses' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) contact_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('contact.id')) with the foreign key declaration, it seems like the cascade is enforced at the database level. how does the relations approach work? thanks!

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  • status failed for LdrLoadDll

    - by kiddo
    hello all,I'am trying to work-out the LdrLoadDll function and am having no luck with that..i also googled for some examples there is no much documentation or correct example about this.I know what it exactly does..Please check the code below. //declaration function pointer for LdrLoadDll typedef NTSTATUS (_stdcall*fp_LdrLoadDll)( IN PWCHAR PathToFile OPTIONAL, IN ULONG Flags OPTIONAL, IN PUNICODE_STRING ModuleFileName, OUT PHANDLE ModuleHandle ); //calling LdrLoadDll using getprocaddress HANDLE handle; HMODULE module = LoadLibrary(L"ntdll.dll"); fp_LdrLoadDll loadDll; loadDll = (fp_LdrLoadDll)GetProcAddress(module,"LdrLoadDll"); if(loadDll == NULL) { MessageBox(0,L"Not able to load the function",L"LdrLoadDll",&handle); } UNICODE_STRING input; input.Buffer = L"C:\\Desktop\\myDll.dll"; input.Length = wcslen(input.Buffer)*2; input.MaximumLength = wcslen(input.Buffer) +2; NTSTATUS status = loadDll(NULL,LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH,&input,0); When i execute the above am not getting the handle niether valid status.Please help me with this.

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  • Eclipse, Android ndk, source files, and library project dependencies

    - by Android Noob
    In Microsoft Visual Studio 2010, it is possible to create a Solution with multiple projects and set dependencies between projects. I'm trying to figure out if the same thing can be done using Eclipse via the NDK. More specifically, I want to know if it is possible to create C source files in an ordinary Android project that can reference C header files in an Android library project. For example: Android library project: Sockets Ordinary Android project: Socket_Server Sockets contains all the C header/source files that are needed to do socket I/O. Socket_Server contains test code that makes calls to the functions that are defined in Sockets library project. This test code requires a header file that contains the function declaration of all API calls. I already set the library dependencies between the projects via: Properties > Android > Library > Add

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  • C pointer array scope and function calls

    - by juvenis
    I have this situation: { float foo[10]; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { foo[i] = 1.0f; } object.function1(foo); // stores the float pointer to a const void* member of object } object.function2(); // uses the stored void pointer Are the contents of the float pointer unknown in the second function call? It seems that I get weird results when I run my program. But if I declare the float foo[10] to be const and initialize it in the declaration, I get correct results. Why is this happening?

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  • using lazy C++ for stub generation

    - by Abruzzo Forte e Gentile
    Hi all Have you ever used lazy C++? I am trying to create .CPP files out of .H files. In forum I read that it is possible with your tool but I tried touse it and I didn't succeed. Can you help me? I used the option -c with a Test.h file with exactly the following declaration. class TEST_A { public: TEST_A(); ~TEST_A(); void fooA( MyNamespace::String& aName ); }; The only thing I have is a Cpp file with written #define LZZ_INLINE #undef LZZ_INLINE and the .h file modified with before the class #define LZZ_LINE inline class TEST_A { public: TEST_A(); ~TEST_A(); void fooA( MyNamespace::String& aName ); }; #undef LZZ_LINE What I am doing wrong?

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  • Multiset of shared_ptrs as a dynamic priority queue: Concept and practice

    - by Sarah
    I was using a vector-based priority queue typedef std::priority_queue< Event, vector< Event >, std::greater< Event > > EventPQ; to manage my Event objects. Now my simulation has to be able to find and delete certain Event objects not at the top of the queue. I'd like to know if my planned work-around can do what I need it to, and if I have the syntax right. I'd also like to know if dramatically better solutions exist. My plan is to make EventPQ a multiset of smart pointers to Event objects: typedef std::multi_set< boost::shared_ptr< Event > > EventPQ; I'm borrowing functions of the Event class from a related post on a multimap priority queue. // Event.h #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; #include <set> #include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp> class Event; typedef std::multi_set< boost::shared_ptr< Event > > EventPQ; class Event { public: Event( double t, int eid, int hid ); ~Event(); void add( EventPQ& q ); void remove(); bool operator < ( const Event & rhs ) const { return ( time < rhs.time ); } bool operator > ( const Event & rhs ) const { return ( time > rhs.time ); } double time; int eventID; int hostID; EventPQ* mq; EventPQ::iterator mIt; }; // Event.cpp Event::Event( double t, int eid, int hid ) { time = t; eventID = eid; hostID = hid; } Event::~Event() {} void Event::add( EventPQ& q ) { mq = &q; mIt = q.insert( boost::shared_ptr<Event>(this) ); } void Event::remove() { mq.erase( mIt ); mq = 0; mIt = EventPQ::iterator(); } I was hoping that by making EventPQ a container of pointers, I could avoid wasting time copying Events into the container and avoid accidentally editing the wrong copy. Would it be dramatically easier to store the Events themselves in EventPQ instead? Does it make more sense to remove the time keys from Event objects and use them instead as keys in a multimap? Assuming the current implementation seems okay, my questions are: Do I need to specify how to sort on the pointers, rather than the objects, or does the multiset automatically know to sort on the objects pointed to? If I have a shared_ptr ptr1 to an Event that also has a pointer in the EventPQ container, how do I find and delete the corresponding pointer in EventPQ? Is it enough to .find( ptr1 ), or do I instead have to find by the key (time)? Is the Event::remove() sufficient for removing the pointer in the EventPQ container? There's a small chance multiple events could be created with the same time (obviously implied in the use of multiset). If the find() works on event times, to avoid accidentally deleting the wrong event, I was planning to throw in a further check on eventID and hostID. Does this seem reasonable? (Dumb syntax question) In Event.h, is the declaration of dummy class Event;, then the EventPQ typedef, and then the real class Event declaration appropriate? I'm obviously an inexperienced programmer with very spotty background--this isn't for homework. Would love suggestions and explanations. Please let me know if any part of this is confusing. Thanks.

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