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  • C Programming - Passing a pointer to array

    - by Pedro
    How do I pass a pointer value to an array of the struct; For example, on a txt I have this: John Doe;[email protected];214425532; My code: typedef struct Person{ char name[100]; char email[100]; int phone; }PERSON; int main(){ PERSON persons[100]; FILE *fp; char *ap_name; char *ap_email; char *ap_phone; char line[100]; fp=("text.txt","r"); if(fp==NULL){ exit(1); } else{ fgets(line,100,fp); ap_name=strtok(line,";"); ap_email=strtok(NULL,";"); ap_phone=strtok(NULL,";"); } return 0; } My question is how can I pass the value of ap_name, ap_email, ap_phone to the struct? And, do I need to use all of these pointers?

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  • Casting pointer to object to void * in C++

    - by JB
    I've been reading StackOverflow too much and started doubting all the code I've ever written, I keep thinking "Is that undefined behavour?" even in code that has been working for ages. So my question - Is it safe and well defined behavour to cast a pointer to an object (In this case abstract interface classes) to a void* and then later on cast them back to the original class and call method using them? I'm fully aware that the code that does this is probably awful. I wouldn't even consider writing it like this now (this is old code which I don't really want to change), so I'm not looking for a discussion of better ways to do this. I already know how to write it better if I ever did this again. But if it's actually broken to rely on this in C++ then I'll have to look at changing the code, if it's merely awful code then changing it won't be a priority. I would have had no doubts about something this simple a year or two ago but as my understanding of C++ increases I actually find I have more and more worries about code being safe under the standards even if it works perfectly well. Perhaps reading too much stack overflow is a bad thing for productivity sometimes :P

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  • Pointer inside a struct / thread

    - by bruno
    Hi! I have this warning "warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type " in this line: data1->transformed_block[l] = &transformed_block[l]; - void print_message_function ( void *ptr ) { dt *data; data = (dt *) ptr; printf("Dentro da thread Numero0: %ld\n", data->L_norm_NewBlock); pthread_exit(0); } typedef struct data_thread { long L_norm_NewBlock; int Bsize_X; int Bsize_Y; int *transformed_block[MAX_LEVEL]; long L_norm_OrigBlock; } dt; void function() { int *transformed_block[MAX_LEVEL]; pthread_t thread1; dt *data1; pthread_attr_t attr; pthread_attr_init(&attr); //Fills structure data1 = (dt *) malloc(sizeof(dt)); data1->transformed_block[l] = &transformed_block[l]; data1->L_norm_NewBlock=0; data1->Bsize_Y = Bsize_Y; data1->Bsize_X = Bsize_X; pthread_create(&thread1, &attr, (void *) &print_message_function, (void *) &data1); } I want to get rid of that warning, and the values i get inside the thread are wrong. For example data1-L_norm_NewBlock=0; in the thread guives me a differente value (not 0 like it should be).

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  • C++: why a self pointer of a struct automatically changes to void*

    - by Stone
    struct ptr{ int node; ptr *next; ptr(){} ptr(int _node, ptr *_next){ node=_node; next=_next; } }; struct list_t{ ptr *sht; int size; void push(int node){ size++; sht=new ptr(node,sht); } }shthead[100001], comp[200001], tree[200001]; The struct ptr is a smart pointer, be used as a linked list. But when I debug the code in gdb, I found that the ptr*'s were all converted to void*. GDB output: (gdb) pt ptr type = struct ptr { int node; void *next; public: ptr(void); ptr(int, void *); } However, I can still see the data of the struct if I covert them back to ptr* in gdb. What's the reason for this please?

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  • Updating Pointer using signals and slots

    - by Umesha MS
    Hi, I am very new to the QT; please help me to solve the problem. I am using thread to perform intensive operation in back ground. Meanwhile I want to update the UI, so I am using SIGNALS and SLOTS. To update UI I emit a signal and update UI. Let us consider bellow sample code, struct sample { QString name; QString address; }; void Update(sample *); void sampleFunction() { sample a; a.name = "Sachin Tendulkar"; a.address = "India" emit Update(&a); } In the above code we are creating a local object and passing the address of local object. In the QT document, it says that when we emit a signal it will be placed in the queue and late it will be delivered to the windows. Since my object is in local scope it will be delete once it goes out of the scope. Please tell me a way to send a pointer in a signal.

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  • Accessing derived class members with a base class pointer

    - by LRB
    I am making a simple console game in C++ I would like to know if I can access members from the 'entPlayer' class while using a pointer that is pointing to the base class ( 'Entity' ): class Entity { public: void setId(int id) { Id = id; } int getId() { return Id; } protected: int Id; }; class entPlayer : public Entity { string Name; public: entPlayer() { Name = ""; Id = 0; } void setName(string name) { Name = name; } string getName() { return Name; } }; Entity *createEntity(string Type) { Entity *Ent = NULL; if (Type == "player") { Ent = new entPlayer; } return Ent; } void main() { Entity *ply = createEntity("player"); ply->setName("Test"); ply->setId(1); cout << ply->getName() << endl; cout << ply->getId() << endl; delete ply; } How would I be able to call ply-setName etc? OR If it's not possible that way, what would be a better way?

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  • glibc detected ./.a.out: free(): invalid pointer

    - by ExtremeBlue
    typedef struct _PERSON { size_t age; unsigned char* name; }PERSON; int init(PERSON** person) { (* person) = (PERSON *) malloc(sizeof(struct _PERSON)); (* person)->age = 1; (* person)->name = (unsigned char *) malloc(sizeof(4)); (* person)->name = "NAME"; return 0; } void close(PERSON** person) { (* person)->age = 0; if((* person)->name != NULL) { free((* person)->name); } if((* person) != NULL) { free((* person)); } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { PERSON* p; init(&p); printf("%d\t%s\n", (int) p->age, p->name); close(&p); return 0; } 1 NAME *** glibc detected *** ./a.out: free(): invalid pointer: 0x000000000040079c *** ======= Backtrace: ========= /lib/libc.so.6(+0x774b6)[0x7fa9027054b6] /lib/libc.so.6(cfree+0x73)[0x7fa90270bc83] ./a.out(close+0x3d)[0x400651] ./a.out[0x40069f] /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfe)[0x7fa9026acd8e] ./a.out[0x4004f9] ... 7fa8fc000000-7fa8fc021000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa8fc021000-7fa900000000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902478000-7fa90248d000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90248d000-7fa90268c000 ---p 00015000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268c000-7fa90268d000 r--p 00014000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268d000-7fa90268e000 rw-p 00015000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268e000-7fa902808000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902808000-7fa902a07000 ---p 0017a000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a07000-7fa902a0b000 r--p 00179000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a0b000-7fa902a0c000 rw-p 0017d000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a0c000-7fa902a11000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902a11000-7fa902a31000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c25000-7fa902c28000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902c2e000-7fa902c31000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902c31000-7fa902c32000 r--p 00020000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c32000-7fa902c33000 rw-p 00021000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c33000-7fa902c34000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fff442d5000-7fff442f6000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack] 7fff44308000-7fff44309000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso] ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall] Aborted

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  • Function returning pointer to struct

    - by GammaGuy
    I am having some issues with code that is returning a pointer to a struct declared inside a class. Here is my code so far: SortedList.h #ifndef SORTEDLIST_H #define SORTEDLIST_H class SortedList{ public: SortedList(); ... private: struct Listnode { Student *student; Listnode *next; }; static Listnode *copyList (Listnode *L); }; #endif SortedList.cpp #include "SortedList.h" ... // Here is where the problem lies Listnode SortedList::*copyList(Listnode *L) { return 0; // for NULL } Apparently, the copy list method wont compile. I am using Microsoft Visual Studio and the compiler tells me that "Listnode" is unidentified. When I try to compile, here is whhat I get: 1>------ Build started: Project: Program3, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------ 1> SortedList.cpp 1>c:\users\owner\documents\college\fall 2012\cs 368 - learn c++\program3\program3\sortedlist.cpp(159): error C2657: 'SortedList::*' found at the start of a statement (did you forget to specify a type?) 1>c:\users\owner\documents\college\fall 2012\cs 368 - learn c++\program3\program3\sortedlist.cpp(159): error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int 1>c:\users\owner\documents\college\fall 2012\cs 368 - learn c++\program3\program3\sortedlist.cpp(159): error C2065: 'L' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\users\owner\documents\college\fall 2012\cs 368 - learn c++\program3\program3\sortedlist.cpp(159): error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int 1>c:\users\owner\documents\college\fall 2012\cs 368 - learn c++\program3\program3\sortedlist.cpp(159): fatal error C1903: unable to recover from previous error(s); stopping compilation ========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ========== Help would be greatly appreciated...ASAP

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  • NULL pointer dereference in swiotlb_unmap_sg_attrs() on disk IO

    - by Inductiveload
    I'm getting an error I really don't understand when reading or writing files using a PCIe block device driver. I seem to be hitting an issue in swiotlb_unmap_sg_attrs(), which appears to be doing a NULL dereference of the sg pointer, but I don't know where this is coming from, as the only scatterlist I use myself is allocated as part of the device info structure and persists as long as the driver does. There is a stacktrace to go with the problem. It tends to vary a bit in exact details, but it always crashes in swiotlb_unmap_sq_attrs(). I think it's likely I have a locking issue, as I am not sure how to handle the locks around the IO functions. The lock is already held when the request function is called, I release it before the IO functions themselves are called, as they need an (MSI) IRQ to complete. The IRQ handler updates a "status" value, which the IO function is waiting for. When the IO function returns, I then take the lock back up and return to request queue handling. The crash happens in blk_fetch_request() during the following: if (!__blk_end_request(req, res, bytes)){ printk(KERN_ERR "%s next request\n", DRIVER_NAME); req = blk_fetch_request(q); } else { printk(KERN_ERR "%s same request\n", DRIVER_NAME); } where bytes is updated by the request handler to be the total length of IO (summed length of each scatter-gather segment).

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  • Public class: Makes pointer from integer without cast

    - by meridimus
    I have written a class to help save and load data for the sake of persistence for my iPhone application but I have a problem with some NSUIntegers that I'm passing across. Basically, I have the code to use pointers, but eventually it has to start out being an actual value right? So I get this error warning: passing argument 1 of 'getSaveWithCampaign:andLevel:' makes pointer from integer without a cast My code is laid out like so. (Persistence is the name of the class) NSDictionary *saveData = [Persistence getSaveWithCampaign:currentCampaign andLevel:[indexPath row]]; Here's Persistence.m #import "Persistence.h" @implementation Persistence + (NSString *)dataFilePath { NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0]; return [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:kSaveFilename]; } + (NSDictionary *)getSaveWithCampaign:(NSUInteger *)campaign andLevel:(NSUInteger *)level { NSString *filePath = [self dataFilePath]; if([[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:filePath]) { NSDictionary *saveData = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath]; NSString *campaignAndLevelKey = [self makeCampaign:campaign andLevelKey:level]; NSDictionary *campaignAndLevelData = [saveData objectForKey:campaignAndLevelKey]; [saveData release]; return campaignAndLevelData; } else { return nil; } } + (NSString *)makeCampaign:(NSUInteger *)campaign andLevelKey:(NSUInteger *)level { return [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d - ", campaign+1] stringByAppendingString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", level+1]]; } @end

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  • When to use pointer to a class and when to just instantiate it as a variable

    - by Enders
    Im sort of confused by it. The best I could find was reading through the cplusplus.com tutorial and all they have to say about pointers to classes. "It is perfectly valid to create pointers that point to classes. We simply have to consider that once declared, a class becomes a valid type, so we can use the class name as the type for the pointer" Which tells me nothing about when to use them over the normal instantiation. I've seen the - operator many times, and looked at some codes but cant really decipher why they did it. Generic examples will be appreciated; but more specifically related to gui programming. Its where I encountered it first. QGridLayout *mainLayout = new QGridLayout; mainLayout->addWidget(nameLabel, 0, 0); mainLayout->addWidget(nameLine, 0, 1); mainLayout->addWidget(addressLabel, 1, 0, Qt::AlignTop); mainLayout->addWidget(addressText, 1, 1); Why not QGridLayout mainLayout mainLayout.addWidget ... (It doesnt compile if I change the sample code to that and try it but you get the point) Thanks in advance

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  • Pointer reference and dereference

    - by ZhekakehZ
    I have the following code: #include <iostream> char ch[] = "abcd"; int main() { std::cout << (long)(int*)(ch+0) << ' ' << (long)(int*)(ch+1) << ' ' << (long)(int*)(ch+2) << ' ' << (long)(int*)(ch+3) << std::endl; std::cout << *(int*)(ch+0) << ' ' << *(int*)(ch+1) << ' ' << *(int*)(ch+2) << ' ' << *(int*)(ch+3) << std::endl; std::cout << int('abcd') << ' ' << int('bcd') << ' ' << int('cd') << ' ' << int('d') << std::endl; } My question is why the pointer of 'd' is 100 ? I think it should be: int('d') << 24; //plus some trash on stack after ch And the question is why the second and the third line of the stdout are different ? 6295640 6295641 6295642 6295643 1684234849 6579042 25699 100 1633837924 6447972 25444 100 Thanks.

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  • Acessing a struct member, using a pointer to a vector of structs. Error:base operand of '->' has non-pointer type

    - by Matt Munson
    #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; struct s_Astruct { vector <int> z; }; int main () { vector <s_Astruct> v_a; for(int q=0;q<10;q++) { v_a.push_back(s_Astruct()); for(int w =0;w<5;w++) v_a[q].z.push_back(8); } vector <s_Astruct> * p_v_a = & v_a; cout << p_v_a[0]->z[4]; //error: base operand of '->' has non-pointer type //'__gnu_debug_def::vector<s_Astruct, std::allocator<s_Astruct> >' } There seems to be some issue with this sort of operation that I don't understand. In the code that I'm working on I actually have things like p_class-vector[]-vector[]-int; and I'm getting a similar error.

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  • Null Pointer Exception

    - by user1507835
    I am getting a null pointer exception, but I dont know why. I checked to see if the cell was null before I read it to a string. So, why is that string null? private void fillArray() private void fillArray() { try { readBook = new HSSFWorkbook(readFile); } catch (IOException e) { System.out .println("If we know what we're doing, no one should ever see this line."); } if (readBook != null) {HSSFSheet infoSheet = readBook.getSheetAt(0); HSSFRow headingsRow = infoSheet.getRow(0); int i = 0; HSSFCell cell = headingsRow.getCell(i); String columnHeading = cell.toString(); while (cell != null && !(cell.toString().equals(""))) { cell = headingsRow.getCell(i); columnHeading = cell.toString(); columnHeadings.add(columnHeading); i++; } if(columnListIsSetup == false) { createList(); columnListIsSetup = true; } }

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  • Virtual functions - base class pointer

    - by user980411
    I understood why a base class pointer is made to point to a derived class object. But, I fail to understand why we need to assign to it, a base class object, when it is a base class object by itself. Can anyone please explain that? #include <iostream> using namespace std; class base { public: virtual void vfunc() { cout << "This is base's vfunc().\n"; } }; class derived1 : public base { public: void vfunc() { cout << "This is derived1's vfunc().\n"; } }; int main() { base *p, b; derived1 d1; // point to base p = &b; p->vfunc(); // access base's vfunc() // point to derived1 p = &d1; p->vfunc(); // access derived1's vfunc() return 0; }

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  • Does it exist: smart pointer, owned by one object allowing access.

    - by Noah Roberts
    I'm wondering if anyone's run across anything that exists which would fill this need. Object A contains an object B. It wants to provide access to that B to clients through a pointer (maybe there's the option it could be 0, or maybe the clients need to be copiable and yet hold references...whatever). Clients, lets call them object C, would normally, if we're perfect developers, be written carefully so as to not violate the lifetime semantics of any pointer to B they might have...but we're not perfect, in fact we're pretty dumb half the time. So what we want is for object C to have a pointer to object B that is not "shared" ownership but that is smart enough to recognize a situation in which the pointer is no longer valid, such as when object A is destroyed or it destroys object B. Accessing this pointer when it's no longer valid would cause an assertion/exception/whatever. In other words, I wish to share access to data in a safe, clear way but retain the original ownership semantics. Currently, because I've not been able to find any shared pointer in which one of the objects owns it, I've been using shared_ptr in place of having such a thing. But I want clear owneship and shared/weak pointer doesn't really provide that. Would be nice further if this smart pointer could be attached to member variables and not just hold pointers to dynamically allocated memory regions. If it doesn't exist I'm going to make it, so I first want to know if someone's already released something out there that does it. And, BTW, I do realize that things like references and pointers do provide this sort of thing...I'm looking for something smarter.

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  • C++0x Smart Pointer Comparisons: Inconsistent, what's the rationale?

    - by GManNickG
    In C++0x (n3126), smart pointers can be compared, both relationally and for equality. However, the way this is done seems inconsistent to me. For example, shared_ptr defines operator< be equivalent to: template <typename T, typename U> bool operator<(const shared_ptr<T>& a, const shared_ptr<T>& b) { return std::less<void*>()(a.get(), b.get()); } Using std::less provides total ordering with respect to pointer values, unlike a vanilla relational pointer comparison, which is unspecified. However, unique_ptr defines the same operator as: template <typename T1, typename D1, typename T2, typename D2> bool operator<(const unique_ptr<T1, D1>& a, const unique_ptr<T2, D2>& b) { return a.get() < b.get(); } It also defined the other relational operators in similar fashion. Why the change in method and "completeness"? That is, why does shared_ptr use std::less while unique_ptr uses the built-in operator<? And why doesn't shared_ptr also provide the other relational operators, like unique_ptr? I can understand the rationale behind either choice: with respect to method: it represents a pointer so just use the built-in pointer operators, versus it needs to be usable within an associative container so provide total ordering (like a vanilla pointer would get with the default std::less predicate template argument) with respect to completeness: it represents a pointer so provide all the same comparisons as a pointer, versus it is a class type and only needs to be less-than comparable to be used in an associative container, so only provide that requirement But I don't see why the choice changes depending on the smart pointer type. What am I missing? Bonus/related: std::shared_ptr seems to have followed from boost::shared_ptr, and the latter omits the other relational operators "by design" (and so std::shared_ptr does too). Why is this?

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  • iPhone Objective C - error: pointer value used where a floating point value was expected

    - by Mausimo
    I do not understand why i am getting this error. Here is the related code: Photo.h #import <CoreData/CoreData.h> @class Person; @interface Photo : NSManagedObject { } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSData * imageData; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber * Latitude; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString * ImageName; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString * ImagePath; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber * Longitude; @property (nonatomic, retain) Person * PhotoToPerson; @end Photo.m #import "Photo.h" #import "Person.h" @implementation Photo @dynamic imageData; @dynamic Latitude; @dynamic ImageName; @dynamic ImagePath; @dynamic Longitude; @dynamic PhotoToPerson; @end This is a mapViewController.m class i have created. If i run this, the CLLocationDegrees CLLat and CLLong lines: CLLocationDegrees CLLat = (CLLocationDegrees)photo.Latitude; CLLocationDegrees CLLong = (CLLocationDegrees)photo.Longitude; give me the error : pointer value used where a floating point value was expected. for(int i = 0; i < iPerson; i++) { //get the person that corresponds to the row indexPath that is currently being rendered and set the text Person * person = (Person *)[myArrayPerson objectAtIndex:i]; //get the photos associated with the person NSArray * PhotoArray = [person.PersonToPhoto allObjects]; int iPhoto = [PhotoArray count]; for(int j = 0; j < iPhoto; j++) { //get the first photo (all people will have atleast 1 photo, else they will not exist). Set the image Photo * photo = (Photo *)[PhotoArray objectAtIndex:j]; if(photo.Latitude != nil && photo.Longitude != nil) { MyAnnotation *ann = [[MyAnnotation alloc] init]; ann.title = photo.ImageName; ann.subtitle = photo.ImageName; CLLocationCoordinate2D cord; CLLocationDegrees CLLat = (CLLocationDegrees)photo.Latitude; CLLocationDegrees CLLong = (CLLocationDegrees)photo.Longitude; cord.latitude = CLLat; cord.longitude = CLLong; ann.coordinate = cord; [mkMapView addAnnotation:ann]; } } }

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  • Issue with dynamic array Queue data structure with void pointer

    - by Nazgulled
    Hi, Maybe there's no way to solve this the way I'd like it but I don't know everything so I better ask... I've implemented a simple Queue with a dynamic array so the user can initialize with whatever number of items it wants. I'm also trying to use a void pointer as to allow any data type, but that's the problem. Here's my code: typedef void * QueueValue; typedef struct sQueueItem { QueueValue value; } QueueItem; typedef struct sQueue { QueueItem *items; int first; int last; int size; int count; } Queue; void queueInitialize(Queue **queue, size_t size) { *queue = xmalloc(sizeof(Queue)); QueueItem *items = xmalloc(sizeof(QueueItem) * size); (*queue)->items = items; (*queue)->first = 0; (*queue)->last = 0; (*queue)->size = size; (*queue)->count = 0; } Bool queuePush(Queue * const queue, QueueValue value, size_t val_sz) { if(isNull(queue) || isFull(queue)) return FALSE; queue->items[queue->last].value = xmalloc(val_sz); memcpy(queue->items[queue->last].value, value, val_sz); queue->last = (queue->last+1) % queue->size; queue->count += 1; return TRUE; } Bool queuePop(Queue * const queue, QueueValue *value) { if(isEmpty(queue)) return FALSE; *value = queue->items[queue->first].value; free(queue->items[queue->first].value); queue->first = (queue->first+1) % queue->size; queue->count -= 1; return TRUE; } The problem lies on the queuePop function. When I call it, I lose the value because I free it right away. I can't seem to solve this dilemma. I want my library to be generic and modular. The user should not care about allocating and freeing memory, that's the library's job. How can the user still get the value from queuePop and let the library handle all memory allocs/frees?

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  • 23warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast

    - by FILIaS
    Im new in programming c with arrays and files. Im just trying to run the following code but i get warnings like that: 23 44 warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast Any help? It might be silly... but I cant find what's wrong. #include<stdio.h> FILE *fp; FILE *cw; char filename_game[40],filename_words[40]; int main() { while(1) { /* Input filenames. */ printf("\n Enter the name of the file with the cryptwords array: \n"); gets(filename_game); printf("\n Give the name of the file with crypted words:\n"); gets(filename_words); /* Try to open the file with the game */ if (fp=fopen("crypt.txt","r")!=NULL) //line23 { printf("\n Successful opening %s \n",filename_game); fclose(fp); puts("\n Enter x to exit,any other to continue! \n "); if ( (getc(stdin))=='x') break; else continue; } else { fprintf(stderr,"ERROR!%s \n",filename_game); puts("\n Enter x to exit,any other to continue! \n"); if (getc(stdin)=='x') break; else continue; } /* Try to open the file with the names. */ if (cw=fopen("words.txt","r")!=NULL) //line 44 { printf("\n Successful opening %s \n",filename_words); fclose(cw); puts("\n Enter x to exit,any other to continue \n "); if ( (getc(stdin))=='x') break; else continue; } else { fprintf(stderr,"ERROR!%s \n",filename_words); puts("\n Enter x to exit,any other to continue! \n"); if (getc(stdin)=='x') break; else continue; } } return 0; }

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  • C# Array or Dictionary?

    - by Valentin
    Hi. I wanted to know is C# array has a constant access speed? I need to store 1000 items in static array, that will be initialized during server startup. This array will be used readonly, so there will be no changes to array. Should I use a simple C# array (new MyClass[]) or Dictionary instead. I am really new to C# and trying to understand how C# arrays access works. Can they be compared to c++ arrays by speed?

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  • iPhone development: pointer being freed was not allocated

    - by w4nderlust
    Hello, i got this message from the debugger: Pixture(1257,0xa0610500) malloc: *** error for object 0x21a8000: pointer being freed was not allocated *** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug so i did a bit of tracing and got: (gdb) shell malloc_history 1257 0x21a8000 ALLOC 0x2196a00-0x21a89ff [size=73728]: thread_a0610500 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __CFRunLoopDoObservers | CA::Transaction::observer_callback(__CFRunLoopObserver*, unsigned long, void*) | CA::Transaction::commit() | CA::Context::commit_transaction(CA::Transaction*) | CALayerDisplayIfNeeded | -[CALayer _display] | CABackingStoreUpdate | backing_callback(CGContext*, void*) | -[CALayer drawInContext:] | -[UIView(CALayerDelegate) drawLayer:inContext:] | -[AvatarView drawRect:] | -[AvatarView overlayPNG:] | +[UIImageUtility createMaskOf:] | UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext | CGBitmapContextCreateImage | create_bitmap_data_provider | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc and i really can't understand what i am doing wrong. here's the code of the [UIImageUtility createMaskOf:] function: + (UIImage *)createMaskOf:(UIImage *)source { CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, source.size.width, source.size.height); UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(source.size.width, source.size.height)); CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); CGContextTranslateCTM(context, 0, source.size.height); CGContextScaleCTM(context, 1.0, -1.0); UIImage *original = [self createGrayCopy:source]; CGContextRef context2 = CGBitmapContextCreate(NULL, source.size.width, source.size.height, 8, 4 * source.size.width, CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(), kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast); CGContextDrawImage(context2, CGRectMake(0, 0, source.size.width, source.size.height), original.CGImage); CGImageRef unmasked = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(context2); const float myMaskingColorsFrameColor[6] = { 1,256,1,256,1,256 }; CGImageRef mask = CGImageCreateWithMaskingColors(unmasked, myMaskingColorsFrameColor); CGContextSetRGBFillColor (context, 256,256,256, 1); CGContextFillRect(context, rect); CGContextDrawImage(context, rect, mask); UIImage *whiteMasked = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); return whiteMasked; } the other custom function called before that is the following: - (UIImage *)overlayPNG:(SinglePart *)sp { NSLog([sp description]); // Rect and context setup CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, sp.image.size.width, sp.image.size.height); NSLog(@"%f x %f", sp.image.size.width, sp.image.size.height); // Create an image of a color filled rectangle UIImage *baseColor = nil; if (sp.hasOwnColor) { baseColor = [UIImageUtility imageWithRect:rect ofColor:sp.color]; } else { SinglePart *facePart = [editingAvatar.face.partList objectAtIndex:0]; baseColor = [UIImageUtility imageWithRect:rect ofColor:facePart.color]; } // Crete the mask of the layer UIImage *mask = [UIImageUtility createMaskOf:sp.image]; mask = [UIImageUtility createGrayCopy:mask]; // Create a new context for merging the overlay and a mask of the layer UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(sp.image.size.width, sp.image.size.height)); CGContextRef context2 = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); // Adjust the coordinate system so that the origin // is in the lower left corner of the view and the // y axis points up CGContextTranslateCTM(context2, 0, sp.image.size.height); CGContextScaleCTM(context2, 1.0, -1.0); // Create masked overlay color layer CGImageRef MaskedImage = CGImageCreateWithMask (baseColor.CGImage, mask.CGImage); // Draw the base color layer CGContextDrawImage(context2, rect, MaskedImage); // Get the result of the masking UIImage* overlayMasked = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(sp.image.size.width, sp.image.size.height)); CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); // Adjust the coordinate system so that the origin // is in the lower left corner of the view and the // y axis points up CGContextTranslateCTM(context, 0, sp.image.size.height); CGContextScaleCTM(context, 1.0, -1.0); // Get the result of the blending of the masked overlay and the base image CGContextDrawImage(context, rect, overlayMasked.CGImage); // Set the blend mode for the next drawn image CGContextSetBlendMode(context, kCGBlendModeOverlay); // Component image drawn CGContextDrawImage(context, rect, sp.image.CGImage); UIImage* blendedImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); CGImageRelease(MaskedImage); return blendedImage; }

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  • Can't access a map member from a pointer

    - by fjfnaranjo
    Hi. That's my first question :) I'm storing the configuration of my program in a Group->Key->Value form, like the old INIs. I'm storing the information in a pair of structures. First one, I'm using a std::map with string+ptr for the groups info (the group name in the string key). The second std::map value is a pointer to the sencond structure, a std::list of std::maps, with the finish Key->Value pairs. The Key-Value pairs structure is created dynamically, so the config structure is: std::map< std::string , std::list< std::map<std::string,std::string> >* > lv1; Well, I'm trying to implement two methods to check the existence of data in the internal config. The first one, check the existence of a group in the structure: bool isConfigLv1(std::string); bool ConfigManager::isConfigLv1(std::string s) { return !(lv1.find(s)==lv1.end()); } The second method, is making me crazy... It check the existence for a key inside a group. bool isConfigLv2(std::string,std::string); bool ConfigManager::isConfigLv2(std::string s,std::string d) { if(!isConfigLv1(s)) return false; std::map< std::string , std::list< std::map<std::string,std::string> >* >::iterator it; std::list< std::map<std::string,std::string> >* keyValue; std::list< std::map<std::string,std::string> >::iterator keyValueIt; it = lv1.find(s); keyValue = (*it).second; for ( keyValueIt = keyValue->begin() ; keyValueIt != keyValue->end() ; keyValueIt++ ) if(!((*keyValueIt).second.find(d)==(*keyValueIt).second.end())) return true; return false; } I don't understand what is wrong. The compiler says: ConfigManager.cpp||In member function ‘bool ConfigManager::isConfigLv2(std::string, std::string)’:| ConfigManager.cpp|(line over return true)|error: ‘class std::map<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::pair<const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >’ has no member named ‘second’| But it has to have the second member, because it's a map iterator... Any suggestion about what's happening? Sorry for my English :P, and consider I'm doing it as a exercise, I know there are a lot of cool configuration managers.

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  • Spring with Castor - Null Pointer Exception when initialising Application Context

    - by babyangel86
    Hi, I'm trying to register my castor mapping files with spring and I appear to be getting a null pointer exception. In my application context I have: <bean id="xmlContext" class="org.castor.spring.xml.XMLContextFactoryBean"> <property name="mappingLocations"> <list> <value>DistributionSamplerMappings.xml</value> </list> </property> <property name="castorProperties"> <props> <prop key="org.exolab.castor.xml.strictelements">false</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="marshaller" class="org.castor.spring.xml.CastorMarshallerFactoryBean"> <property name="xmlContext"><ref local="xmlContext"/></property> </bean> <bean id="unmarshaller" class="org.castor.spring.xml.CastorUnmarshallerFactoryBean"> <property name="xmlContext"> <ref local="xmlContext"/></property> <property name="ignoreExtraElements"><value>true</value></property> <property name="ignoreExtraAttributes"><value>true</value></property> </bean> Where DistributionSamplerMappings.xml lives in the same dir as the application context. I've tried using the spring-xml jar 1.2.1 and 1.5.3. but none of them seem to help. The exception being thrown back is: SEVERE: Context initialization failed org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'xmlContext' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1338) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:473) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:380) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:264) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:261) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:185) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:164) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:423) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:728) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:380) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:255) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:199) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:45) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:3830) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4337) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:719) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413) Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException at org.castor.spring.xml.XMLContextFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(XMLContextFactoryBean.java:118) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1369) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1335) ... 30 more I'm using Spring 2.5.6 and Castor 1.3.1. Looking around I find I'm not the only one who has had this problem, but I don't seem to be able to find a solution. Any help would be much appreciated.

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  • How to have struct members accessible in different ways

    - by Paul J. Lucas
    I want to have a structure token that has start/end pairs for position, sentence, and paragraph information. I also want the members to be accessible in two different ways: as a start/end pair and individually. Given: struct token { struct start_end { int start; int end; }; start_end pos; start_end sent; start_end para; typedef start_end token::*start_end_ptr; }; I can write a function, say distance(), that computes the distance between any of the three start/end pairs like: int distance( token const &i, token const &j, token::start_end_ptr mbr ) { return (j.*mbr).start - (i.*mbr).end; } and call it like: token i, j; int d = distance( i, j, &token::pos ); that will return the distance of the pos pair. But I can also pass &token::sent or &token::para and it does what I want. Hence, the function is flexible. However, now I also want to write a function, say max(), that computes the maximum value of all the pos.start or all the pos.end or all the sent.start, etc. If I add: typedef int token::start_end::*int_ptr; I can write the function like: int max( list<token> const &l, token::int_ptr p ) { int m = numeric_limits<int>::min(); for ( list<token>::const_iterator i = l.begin(); i != l.end(); ++i ) { int n = (*i).pos.*p; // NOT WHAT I WANT: It hard-codes 'pos' if ( n > m ) m = n; } return m; } and call it like: list<token> l; l.push_back( i ); l.push_back( j ); int m = max( l, &token::start_end::start ); However, as indicated in the comment above, I do not want to hard-code pos. I want the flexibility of accessible the start or end of any of pos, sent, or para that will be passed as a parameter to max(). I've tried several things to get this to work (tried using unions, anonymous unions, etc.) but I can't come up with a data structure that allows the flexibility both ways while having each value stored only once. Any ideas how to organize the token struct so I can have what I want? Attempt at clarification Given struct of pairs of integers, I want to be able to "slice" the data in two distinct ways: By passing a pointer-to-member of a particular start/end pair so that the called function operates on any pair without knowing which pair. The caller decides which pair. By passing a pointer-to-member of a particular int (i.e., only one int of any pair) so that the called function operates on any int without knowing either which int or which pair said int is from. The caller decides which int of which pair. Another example for the latter would be to sum, say, all para.end or all sent.start. Also, and importantly: for #2 above, I'd ideally like to pass only a single pointer-to-member to reduce the burden on the caller. Hence, me trying to figure something out using unions.

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