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• Assembly - Read next sector of a virtual disk

  - by ali

  As any programmer in the world at least once in his/her life, I am trying to create my "revolutionary", the new and only one operating system. :D Well, I am using a virtual emulator (Oracle VM Virtual Box), for which I create a new unknwon operating system, with a vmdk disk. I like vmdk because they are just plain files, so I can paste my boot-loader over the first 512 bytes of the virtual hard disk. Now, I am trying to read the next sector of this virtual disk, on which I would paste a simple kernel that would display a message. I have two questions: Am I reading the second segment (the first -512 bytes- is occupied by the bootloader) correctly? CODE: CitesteDisc: mov bx, 0x8000 ; segment mov es, bx mov bx, 0x0000 ; offset mov ah, 0x02 ; read function mov al, 0x01 ; sectors - this might be wrong, trying to read from hd mov ch, 0x00 ; cylinder mov cl, 0x02 ; sector mov dh, 0x00 ; head mov dl, 0x80 ; drive - trying to read from hd int 0x13 ; disk int mov si, ErrorMessage ; - This will display an error message jc ShowMessage jmp [es:bx] ; buffer Here, I get the error message, after checking CF. However, if I use INT 13, 1 to get last status message, AL is 0 - so no error is saved. Am I pasting my simple kernel in the correct place inside the vmdk? What I do is pasting it after the 512th byte of the file, the first 512 bytes, as I said, are the boot-loader. The file would look like this: BE 45 7C E8 16 00 EB FE B4 0E B7 00 B3 07 CD 10 <- First sector C3 AC 08 C0 74 05 E8 EF FF EB F6 C3 B4 00 B2 80 CD 13 BE 5D 7C 72 F5 BB 00 80 8E C3 BB 00 00 B4 02 B0 06 B5 00 B1 01 B6 00 B2 07 CD 13 BE 4E 7C 72 CF 26 FF 27 57 65 6C 63 6F 6D 65 21 00 52 65 61 64 69 6E 67 20 65 72 72 6F 72 21 00 52 65 73 65 74 74 69 6E 67 20 65 72 72 6F 72 21 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 AA <- Boot-loader signature B4 0E B0 2E CD 10 EB FE 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 <- Start of the second sector 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 So, this is the way I am trying to add the kernel to the second sector. What do you think is wrong with this? Thanks!

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• Caching for a Custom Repositiory Adapter for WebSphere Portal Virtual Member Manager

  - by Spike Williams

  I'm looking at writing a custom repository adapter to interact with Virtual Member Manager on WebSphere Portal 6.1. Basically, its a layer that takes a request in the form of a commonj.sco.DataObject and passes that on to an external web service, to get various information on our logged in users that is not otherwise available in LDAP. I'm concerned about the performance hit of going to a service every time we want to pull some permission from the back end. My question is, can the Virtual Member Manager handle caching of data going in and out of the custom repository adapters, or is that something I'm going to have to build into the adapter myself?

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• Display virtual keyword asp.net for password

  - by Nicole

  Hi! I have a login page with an input of type "password" I would like to have a virtual keyboard to enter the password. I've searched and I found the jquery script for virtual keyboard. The code said to add this to my page $('input[type=password]').keyboard({ layout: "qwerty", customLayout: [["q w e r t y {bksp}", "Q W E R T Y {bksp}"], ["s a m p l e {shift}", "S A M P L E {shift}"], ["{accept} {space} {cancel}", "{accept} {space} {cancel}"]] }); but I cant make it work!!!! nothing happens when y set focus on my password control. Any suggestions?? thank you!! Nicole.

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• cPanel/WHM IP Ban - How to Unban IP

  - by Loren

  We are using htaccess basic authentication on one of our sites. One of our clients tried accessing the site and failed logging in multiple times. Now when visiting our site they simply get a "Can't Display Webpage" error. I believe I've had this before and I believe there IP's got banned after so many failures. I'm not sure where to go in WHM/cPanel to unban them - appreciate any assistance!! Thanks Loren

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• One google IP address is failing. Is there a way to force a switch to different one?

  - by vaccano

  The google ip address 74.125.53.100 is failing. I know no one would believe this so I did an online ping: As this image shows one of the IP addresses for Google is failing. But there are others. If I type them in then I can get to Google just fine. But when I try to search, Google reverts back to the broken IP. Is there any way for me to say "I want to do a search with one of the working IP addresses"?

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• Junctions or Virtual Directories for Web Applications?

  - by Kevin

  I see that junctions are a common way of referencing shared code in many projects. However, I have not seen them used in web applications before. Our team is exploring the possibility of abandoning virtual directories in favor of junctions to simplify our build process. My goal is to compile a list of pros and cons in order to make an informed decision regarding this change. Is it more appropriate to use junctions or virtual directories on web application projects? Environment is ASP.NET, IIS6/IIS7, VS.NET.

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• Saving an IP adddress to DB

  - by Mark

  I want to save a user's IP address to my database just in case any legal issues come up and we need to track down who performed what action. Since I highly doubt I will ever actually need to use this data (well, maybe for counting unique hits or something) do you think I can just dump the REMOTE_ADDR into a field? If so, what should the length of that field be? 39 chars should fit an IPv6 address, no? I don't know if I'll ever get any of those, but just in case...

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• apache on windows virtual directory config help

  - by sprugman

  I'm running Apache on Windows XP via Xampplite, and could use help configuring my virtual directory. Here's what I'm hoping to do on my dev box: I want my source files to live outside of the xampp htdocs dir on my local machine I can access the project at http://myproject others on my local network can access the project at my.ip.address/myproject keep localhost pointing to the xampp's htdocs folder so I can easily add other projects. I've got 1 & 2 working by editing the windows hosts file, and adding a virtual directory in xampp's apache\conf\extra\httpd-vhosts.conf file. I don't immediately see how to do 3 without messing up 4.

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• how to set ASP.NET version for virtual directory using c#.net

  - by subash

  how to set ASP.NET version for virtual directory using c#.net FROM CODE for all iis version?

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• Problem getting real IP in php

  - by leda

  I am using this to get real IP but i take empty from $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'],i take not empty only from $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'].But i dont need the IP of proxy,i need the real ip of computers using some intranet.Can i get it?when $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] does not return empty? function getRealIpAddr() { if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) //check ip from share internet { $ip=$_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']; } elseif (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) //to check ip is pass from proxy { $ip=$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']; } else { $ip=$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; } return $ip; }

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• C++ virtual + protected?

  - by user346113

  Hi, In C++, I have a base class A, a sub class B. Both have the virtual method Visit. I would like to redefine 'Visit' in B, but B need to access the 'Visit' function of each A (and all subclass to). I have something like that, but it tell me that B cannot access the protected member of A! But B is a A too :-P So, what can I do? class A { protected: virtual Visit(...); } class B : public class A { protected: vector<A*> childs; Visit(...); } B::Visit(...) { foreach(A* a in childs) { a->Visit(...); } } Thx

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• Overriding vs Virtual

  - by anonymous

  What is the purpose of using the reserved word virtual in front of functions? If I want a child class to override a parent function, I just declare the same function such as "void draw(){}". class Parent{ public: void say(){ std::cout << "1"; }}; class Child : public Parent{public:void say(){ std::cout << "2"; } }; int main() { Child* a = new Child(); a->say(); return 0; } The output is 2. So again, why would the reserved word "virtual" be necessary in the header of say() ? Thanks a bunch.

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• Why I have to redeclare a virtual function while overriding [C++]

  - by Neeraj

  #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Duck { public: virtual void quack() = 0; }; class BigDuck : public Duck { public: // void quack(); (uncommenting will make it compile) }; void BigDuck::quack(){ cout << "BigDuckDuck::Quack\n"; } int main() { BigDuck b; Duck *d = &b; d->quack(); } Consider this code, the code doesn't compiles. However when I declare the virtual function in the subclass, then it compiles fine. The compiler already has the signature of the function which the subclass will override, then why a redeclaration is required? Any insights.

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• Change IP where domain is pointing

  - by Christian Sciberras

  This is probably a very strange request. I need to programmaticaly (via code) change the IP where a domain name is pointing to. IE: xyz.com points to 100.100.100.100 setIP('xyz.com','100.100.100.100'); I know this [code] is practically impossible, however, what I need is to do this via domain host API etc or other possible ways you might think of. I'd be happy even if it weren't anything more then sending an email to the DNS owner/host. Do you know of anything the like or which might help? (nb: considered throwing this at ServerFault, but felt it more at home here ;) ) Cheers!

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• OS kernel use Virtual memory for itself?

  - by max

  Does OS kernel use Virtual memory or Can some part of the OS kernel reside in Hard Disk?

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• Apache virtual host does not work properly

  - by Jori

  I have read a lot of information all over the Internet regarding this subject, and can not figure out what I'am doing wrong. I'm trying to host two websites under different names locally under Windows 7 with Apaches Virtual Hosting functionality. This is what I have done already: In the httpd.conf file I uncommented the following line, so that the virtual host configuration file will be included in the main configuration sequence. # Virtual hosts Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf This is how I edited my httpd-vhosts.conf: # # Virtual Hosts # # If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your # machine you can setup VirtualHost containers for them. Most configurations # use only name-based virtual hosts so the server doesn't need to worry about # IP addresses. This is indicated by the asterisks in the directives below. # # Please see the documentation at # <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/> # for further details before you try to setup virtual hosts. # # You may use the command line option '-S' to verify your virtual host # configuration. # # Use name-based virtual hosting. # NameVirtualHost *:80 # # VirtualHost example: # Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container. # The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not # match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block. # #<VirtualHost *:80> # ServerAdmin [email protected] # DocumentRoot "C:/apache/docs/dummy-host.localhost" # ServerName dummy-host.localhost # ServerAlias www.dummy-host.localhost # ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.localhost-error.log" # CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.localhost-access.log" common #</VirtualHost> # #<VirtualHost *:80> # ServerAdmin [email protected] # DocumentRoot "C:/apache/docs/dummy-host2.localhost" # ServerName dummy-host2.localhost # ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.localhost-error.log" # CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.localhost-access.log" common #</VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName arterieur DocumentRoot "J:/webcontent/www20" <Directory "J:/webcontent/www20"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> As you can see I commented the Virtual Host examples out and added my own one (I did one for this example). Also am I sure that J:\webcontent\www20 exists. At last I edited the Windows host file located in: C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts, now it looks this: # Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # # This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows. # # This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name. # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one # space. # # Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual # lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol. # # For example: # # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host # localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself. # 127.0.0.1 localhost # ::1 localhost 127.0.0.1 arterieur Then I restarted Apache with the Apache Service Monitor, and it gave me the following fatal error: The requested operation has failed!, I tried to look at the apache/logs/error.log file but I did not log anything, I guess it only logs the errors after startup. Does anyone knows what I'am doing wrong?

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• Cannot access Application configured on local IIS 7 using IP/machine name

  - by SilverHorse

  I have a windows 7 machine 64 bit and IIS 7 I have a default website on the IIS.Its binding is {IP: All Unassigned , Port:80 , Host Name : blank} I have added a new asp.net application to that website,mapped physical path, have set the virtual path as "MyWebApp". Application pool for "MyWebApp" is "DefaultAppPool" {.Net Framework: 4.0 ; Managed Pipeline Mode: Classic} The problem I am facing is I can access the website using http://localhost, http://IP.IP.IP.IP and http://MyMachineName But I can not access the Application other than using http://localhost/MyWebApp What should I do if I want to access the webapp using http://MyMachineName/MyWebApp OR http://IP.IP.IP.IP/MyWebApp Please note : I have already created an inbound rule to allow all HTTP traffic for port 80 in firewall settings.

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• DNS PTR record when domain on shared IP address

  - by Marco Demaio

  Hello, I own a typical shared IP hosting plan and domain. I can modify the DNS of the domain from the control panel. The mailserver shares the same IP address, so my typical DNS config is: www.mydomain.com A -> IP mydomain.com A -> IP ftp.mydomain.com A -> IP mail.mydomain.com A -> IP mydomain.com MX(10) -> IP I read some Q&A on this site where they suggest to add PTR record mainly for mailserver. I would like to add PTR record to my domain, I have got two questions: 1) can PTR record be added even if the hosting/mailserver are on a shared IP address? Or do I need a dedicated IP. 2) How do I setup PTR record, I mean does it look like A record: mydomain.com (PTR) -> myip

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• Configuring NAT and static IP on Cisco 877W

  - by David M Williams

  Hi all, I'm having trouble setting up a static IP reservation on a network. What I want to do is assign IP 192.168.1.105 to MAC address 00:21:5d:2f:58:04 and then port forward 35394 to it. If it helps, output from show ver says Cisco IOS software, C870 software (C870-ADVSECURITYK9-M), version 12.4(4)T7, release software (fc1) ROM: System bootstrap, version 12.3(8r)YI4, release software I have done this - service dhcp ip routing ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.99 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.255 ip dhcp pool ClientDHCP network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.1.1 dns-server 192.168.1.1 lease 7 ip dhcp pool NEO host 192.168.1.105 255.255.255.0 hardware-address 0021.5D2F.5804 ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.1.105 35394 <PUBLIC_IP> 35394 extendable However, the machine is getting assigned IP address 192.168.1.101 not .105 ... any suggestions? Thanks !

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• Problems Allocating Objects of Derived Class Where Base Class has Abstract Virtual Functions

  - by user1743901

  I am trying to get this Zombie/Human agent based simulation running, but I am having problems with these derived classes (Human and Zombie) who have parent class "Creature". I have 3 virtual functions declared in "Creature" and all three of these are re-declared AND DEFINED in both "Human" and "Zombie". But for some reason when I have my program call "new" to allocate memory for objects of type Human or Zombie, it complains about the virtual functions being abstract. Here's the code: definitions.h #ifndef definitions_h #define definitions_h class Creature; class Item; class Coords; class Grid { public: Creature*** cboard; Item*** iboard; int WIDTH; int HEIGHT; Grid(int WIDTHVALUE, int HEIGHTVALUE); void FillGrid(); //initializes grid object with humans and zombies void Refresh(); //calls Creature::Die(),Move(),Attack(),Breed() on every square void UpdateBuffer(char** buffer); bool isEmpty(int startx, int starty, int dir); char CreatureType(int xcoord, int ycoord); char CreatureType(int startx, int starty, int dir); }; class Random { public: int* rptr; void Print(); Random(int MIN, int MAX, int LEN); ~Random(); private: bool alreadyused(int checkthis, int len, int* rptr); bool isClean(); int len; }; class Coords { public: int x; int y; int MaxX; int MaxY; Coords() {x=0; y=0; MaxX=0; MaxY=0;} Coords(int X, int Y, int WIDTH, int HEIGHT) {x=X; y=Y; MaxX=WIDTH; MaxY=HEIGHT; } void MoveRight(); void MoveLeft(); void MoveUp(); void MoveDown(); void MoveUpRight(); void MoveUpLeft(); void MoveDownRight(); void MoveDownLeft(); void MoveDir(int dir); void setx(int X) {x=X;} void sety(int Y) {y=Y;} }; class Creature { public: bool alive; Coords Location; char displayletter; Creature() {Location.x=0; Location.y=0;} Creature(int i, int j) {Location.setx(i); Location.sety(j);} virtual void Attack() =0; virtual void AttackCreature(Grid G, int attackdirection) =0; virtual void Breed() =0; void Die(); void Move(Grid G); int DecideSquare(Grid G); void MoveTo(Grid G, int dir); }; class Human : public Creature { public: bool armed; //if armed, chances of winning fight increased for next fight bool vaccinated; //if vaccinated, no chance of getting infected int bitecount; //if a human is bitten, bite count is set to a random number int breedcount; //if a human goes x steps without combat, will breed if next to a human int starvecount; //if a human does not eat in x steps, will die Human() {displayletter='H';} Human(int i, int j) {displayletter='H';} void Attack(Grid G); void AttackCreature(Grid G, int attackdirection); void Breed(Grid G); //will breed after x steps and next to human int DecideAttack(Grid G); }; class Zombie : public Creature { public: Zombie() {displayletter='Z';} Zombie(int i, int j) {displayletter='Z';} void Attack(Grid G); void AttackCreature(Grid G, int attackdirection); void Breed() {} //does nothing int DecideAttack(Grid G); void AttackCreature(Grid G, int attackdirection); }; class Item { }; #endif definitions.cpp #include <cstdlib> #include "definitions.h" Random::Random(int MIN, int MAX, int LEN) //constructor { len=LEN; rptr=new int[LEN]; //allocate array of given length for (int i=0; i<LEN; i++) { int random; do { random = rand() % (MAX-MIN+1) + MIN; } while (alreadyused(random,LEN,rptr)); rptr[i]=random; } } bool Random::alreadyused(int checkthis, int len, int* rptr) { for (int i=0; i<len; i++) { if (rptr[i]==checkthis) return 1; } return 0; } Random::~Random() { delete rptr; } Grid::Grid(int WIDTHVALUE, int HEIGHTVALUE) { WIDTH = WIDTHVALUE; HEIGHT = HEIGHTVALUE; //builds 2d array of creature pointers cboard = new Creature**[WIDTH]; for(int i=0; i<WIDTH; i++) { cboard[i] = new Creature*[HEIGHT]; } //builds 2d array of item pointers iboard = new Item**[WIDTH]; for (int i=0; i<WIDTH; i++) { iboard[i] = new Item*[HEIGHT]; } } void Grid::FillGrid() { /* For each creature pointer in grid, randomly selects whether to initalize as zombie, human, or empty square. This methodology can be changed to initialize different creature types with different probabilities */ int random; for (int i=0; i<WIDTH; i++) { for (int j=0; j<HEIGHT; j++) { Random X(1,100,1); //create a single random integer from [1,100] at X.rptr random=*(X.rptr); if (random < 20) cboard[i][j] = new Human(i,j); else if (random < 40) cboard[i][j] = new Zombie(i,j); else cboard[i][j] = NULL; } } //at this point every creature pointer should be pointing to either //a zombie, human, or NULL with varying probabilities } void Grid::UpdateBuffer(char** buffer) { for (int i=0; i<WIDTH; i++) { for (int j=0; j<HEIGHT; j++) { if (cboard[i][j]) buffer[i][j]=cboard[i][j]->displayletter; else buffer[i][j]=' '; } } } bool Grid::isEmpty(int startx, int starty, int dir) { Coords StartLocation(startx,starty,WIDTH,HEIGHT); switch(dir) { case 1: StartLocation.MoveUp(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return 0; case 2: StartLocation.MoveUpRight(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return 0; case 3: StartLocation.MoveRight(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return 0; case 4: StartLocation.MoveDownRight(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return 0; case 5: StartLocation.MoveDown(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return 0; case 6: StartLocation.MoveDownLeft(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return 0; case 7: StartLocation.MoveLeft(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return 0; case 8: StartLocation.MoveUpLeft(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return 0; } return 1; } char Grid::CreatureType(int xcoord, int ycoord) { if (cboard[xcoord][ycoord]) //if there is a creature at location xcoord,ycoord return (cboard[xcoord][ycoord]->displayletter); else //if pointer at location xcoord,ycoord is null, return null char return '\0'; } char Grid::CreatureType(int startx, int starty, int dir) { Coords StartLocation(startx,starty,WIDTH,HEIGHT); switch(dir) { case 1: StartLocation.MoveUp(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]->displayletter); case 2: StartLocation.MoveUpRight(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]->displayletter); case 3: StartLocation.MoveRight(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]->displayletter); case 4: StartLocation.MoveDownRight(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]->displayletter); case 5: StartLocation.MoveDown(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]->displayletter); case 6: StartLocation.MoveDownLeft(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]->displayletter); case 7: StartLocation.MoveLeft(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]->displayletter); case 8: StartLocation.MoveUpLeft(); if (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]) return (cboard[StartLocation.x][StartLocation.y]->displayletter); } //if function hasn't returned by now, square being looked at is pointer to null return '\0'; //return null char } void Coords::MoveRight() {(x==MaxX)? (x=0):(x++);} void Coords::MoveLeft() {(x==0)? (x=MaxX):(x--);} void Coords::MoveUp() {(y==0)? (y=MaxY):(y--);} void Coords::MoveDown() {(y==MaxY)? (y=0):(y++);} void Coords::MoveUpRight() {MoveUp(); MoveRight();} void Coords::MoveUpLeft() {MoveUp(); MoveLeft();} void Coords::MoveDownRight() {MoveDown(); MoveRight();} void Coords::MoveDownLeft() {MoveDown(); MoveLeft();} void Coords::MoveDir(int dir) { switch(dir) { case 1: MoveUp(); break; case 2: MoveUpRight(); break; case 3: MoveRight(); break; case 4: MoveDownRight(); break; case 5: MoveDown(); break; case 6: MoveDownLeft(); break; case 7: MoveLeft(); break; case 8: MoveUpLeft(); break; case 0: break; } } void Creature::Move(Grid G) { int movedir=DecideSquare(G); MoveTo(G,movedir); } int Creature::DecideSquare(Grid G) { Random X(1,8,8); //X.rptr now points to 8 unique random integers from [1,8] for (int i=0; i<8; i++) { int dir=X.rptr[i]; if (G.isEmpty(Location.x,Location.y,dir)) return dir; } return 0; } void Creature::MoveTo(Grid G, int dir) { Coords OldLocation=Location; Location.MoveDir(dir); G.cboard[Location.x][Location.y]=this; //point new location to this creature G.cboard[OldLocation.x][OldLocation.y]=NULL; //point old location to NULL } void Creature::Die() { if (!alive) { delete this; this=NULL; } } void Human::Breed(Grid G) { if (!breedcount) { Coords BreedLocation=Location; Random X(1,8,8); for (int i=0; i<8; i++) { BreedLocation.MoveDir(X.rptr[i]); if (!G.cboard[BreedLocation.x][BreedLocation.y]) { G.cboard[BreedLocation.x][BreedLocation.y])=new Human(BreedLocation.x,BreedLocation.y); return; } } } } int Human::DecideAttack(Grid G) { Coords AttackLocation=Location; Random X(1,8,8); int attackdir; for (int i=0; i<8; i++) { attackdir=X.rptr[i]; switch(G.CreatureType(Location.x,Location.y,attackdir)) { case 'H': break; case 'Z': return attackdir; case '\0': break; default: break; } } return 0; //no zombies! } int AttackRoll(int para1, int para2) { //outcome 1: Zombie wins, human dies //outcome 2: Human wins, zombie dies //outcome 3: Human wins, zombie dies, but human is bitten Random X(1,100,1); int roll= *(X.rptr); if (roll < para1) return 1; else if (roll < para2) return 2; else return 3; } void Human::AttackCreature(Grid G, int attackdirection) { Coords AttackLocation=Location; AttackLocation.MoveDir(attackdirection); int para1=33; int para2=33; if (vaccinated) para2=101; //makes attackroll > para 2 impossible, never gets infected if (armed) para1-=16; //reduces chance of zombie winning fight int roll=AttackRoll(para1,para2); //outcome 1: Zombie wins, human dies //outcome 2: Human wins, zombie dies //outcome 3: Human wins, zombie dies, but human is bitten switch(roll) { case 1: alive=0; //human (this) dies return; case 2: G.cboard[AttackLocation.x][AttackLocation.y]->alive=0; return; //zombie dies case 3: G.cboard[AttackLocation.x][AttackLocation.y]->alive=0; //zombie dies Random X(3,7,1); //human is bitten bitecount=*(X.rptr); return; } } int Zombie::DecideAttack(Grid G) { Coords AttackLocation=Location; Random X(1,8,8); int attackdir; for (int i=0; i<8; i++) { attackdir=X.rptr[i]; switch(G.CreatureType(Location.x,Location.y,attackdir)) { case 'H': return attackdir; case 'Z': break; case '\0': break; default: break; } } return 0; //no zombies! } void Zombie::AttackCreature(Grid G, int attackdirection) { int reversedirection; if (attackdirection < 9 && attackdirection>0) { (attackdirection<5)? (reversedirection=attackdirection+4):(reversedirection=attackdirection-4); } else reversedirection=0; //this should never happen //when a zombie attacks a human, the Human::AttackZombie() function is called //in the "reverse" direction, utilizing that function that has already been written Coords ZombieLocation=Location; Coords HumanLocation=Location; HumanLocation.MoveDir(attackdirection); if (G.cboard[HumanLocation.x][HumanLocation.y]) //if there is a human there, which there should be G.cboard[HumanLocation.x][HumanLocation.y]->AttackCreature(G,reversedirection); } void Zombie::Attack(Grid G) { int attackdirection=DecideAttack(G); AttackCreature(G,attackdirection); } main.cpp #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> #include "definitions.h" using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Grid G(500,500); system("PAUSE"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }

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• Linux router: ping doesn't route back

  - by El Barto

  I have a Debian box which I'm trying to set up as a router and an Ubuntu box which I'm using as a client. My problem is that when the Ubuntu client tries to ping a server on the Internet, all the packets are lost (though, as you can see below, they seem to go to the server and back without problem). I'm doing this in the Ubuntu Box: # ping -I eth1 my.remote-server.com PING my.remote-server.com (X.X.X.X) from 10.1.1.12 eth1: 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- my.remote-server.com ping statistics --- 13 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 12094ms (I changed the name and IP of the remote server for privacy). From the Debian Router I see this: # tcpdump -i eth1 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 7, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 8, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 8, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 9, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 9, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 10, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 10, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 11, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 11, length 64 ^C 9 packets captured 9 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel # tcpdump -i eth2 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth2, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 213, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 213, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 214, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 214, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 215, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 215, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 216, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 216, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 217, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 217, length 64 ^C 10 packets captured 10 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel And at the remote server I see this: # tcpdump -i eth0 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 1, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 1, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 2, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 2, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 3, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 3, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 4, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 4, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 5, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 5, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 6, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 6, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 7, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 7, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 8, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 8, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 9, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 9, length 64 18 packets captured 228 packets received by filter 92 packets dropped by kernel Here "X.X.X.X" is my remote server's IP and "Y.Y.Y.Y" is my local network's public IP. So, what I understand is that the ping packets are coming out of the Ubuntu box (10.1.1.12), to the router (10.1.1.1), from there to the next router (192.168.1.1) and reaching the remote server (X.X.X.X). Then they come back all the way to the Debian router, but they never reach the Ubuntu box back. What am I missing? Here's the Debian router setup: # ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.1.1 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:d98/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:105761 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:48944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:40298768 (38.4 MiB) TX bytes:44831595 (42.7 MiB) Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6c:f0:49:a4:47:38 inet addr:192.168.1.10 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6ef0:49ff:fea4:4738/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:38335992 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:37097705 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4260680226 (3.9 GiB) TX bytes:3759806551 (3.5 GiB) Interrupt:27 eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:c8:72 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:20 Base address:0x2000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:3408 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3408 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:358445 (350.0 KiB) TX bytes:358445 (350.0 KiB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2767779 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1569477 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:3609469393 (3.3 GiB) TX bytes:96113978 (91.6 MiB) # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.8.0.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth2 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2 # arp -n # Note: Here I have changed all the different MACs except the ones corresponding to the Ubuntu box (on 10.1.1.12 and 192.168.1.12) Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 192.168.1.118 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.72 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.94 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.102 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 10.1.1.12 ether 00:1e:67:15:2b:f0 C eth1 192.168.1.86 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.2 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.61 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.64 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.116 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.91 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.52 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.93 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.87 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.92 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.100 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.40 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.53 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.1 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.83 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.89 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.12 ether 00:1e:67:15:2b:f1 C eth2 192.168.1.77 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.66 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.90 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.65 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.41 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.78 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.123 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 # iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination # iptables -L -n -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination MASQUERADE all -- 10.1.1.0/24 !10.1.1.0/24 MASQUERADE all -- !10.1.1.0/24 10.1.1.0/24 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination And here's the Ubuntu box: # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:67:15:2b:f1 inet addr:192.168.1.12 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21e:67ff:fe15:2bf1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:28785139 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:19050735 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:32068182803 (32.0 GB) TX bytes:6061333280 (6.0 GB) Interrupt:16 Memory:b1a00000-b1a20000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:67:15:2b:f0 inet addr:10.1.1.12 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21e:67ff:fe15:2bf0/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:285086 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12719 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:30817249 (30.8 MB) TX bytes:2153228 (2.1 MB) Interrupt:16 Memory:b1900000-b1920000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:86048 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:86048 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:11426538 (11.4 MB) TX bytes:11426538 (11.4 MB) # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth1 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.8.0.0 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 # arp -n # Note: Here I have changed all the different MACs except the ones corresponding to the Debian box (on 10.1.1.1 and 192.168.1.10) Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 192.168.1.70 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.90 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.97 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.103 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.13 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.120 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.111 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.118 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.51 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.102 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.64 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.52 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.74 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.94 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.121 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.72 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.87 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.91 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.71 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.78 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.83 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.88 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.82 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.98 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.100 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.93 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.73 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.11 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.85 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.112 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.89 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.65 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.81 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 10.1.1.1 ether 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 C eth1 192.168.1.53 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.116 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.61 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.10 ether 6c:f0:49:a4:47:38 C eth0 192.168.1.86 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.119 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.66 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.1 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.1 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth1 192.168.1.92 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 # iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination # iptables -L -n -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Edit: Following Patrick's suggestion, I did a tcpdump con the Ubuntu box and I see this: # tcpdump -i eth1 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 1, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 1, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 2, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 2, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 3, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 3, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 4, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 4, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 5, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 5, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 6, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 6, length 64 ^C 12 packets captured 12 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel So the question is: if all packets seem to be coming and going, why does ping report 100% packet loss?

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• I&rsquo;m going to have to stop using MS Virtual PC 2007

  - by John Breakwell

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/Plumbersmate/archive/2013/10/23/irsquom-going-to-have-to-stop-using-ms-virtual-pc.aspxFor many years now I’ve been happily chucking around Windows XP virtual hard disks and loading them with Virtual PC. Sadly I’m going to have to turn to something modern as the virtual processor is no longer up to scratch, as I found when trying to install Windows 8.1 evaluation. In the past this would have been a Blue Screen but they’re handled differently in Windows 8, usually with a frowning emoticon. 0x0000005D means UNSUPPORTED_PROCESSOR and the solution would be to enable No-Execute Memory Protection in the BIOS. Virtual PC is ancient so the AMI BIOS has no such setting on any of the menus. Off now to find a virtualisation product I like.

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• How to Find Your Computer’s Private & Public IP Addresses

  - by Chris Hoffman

  An IP address (or Internet Protocol address) identifies each networked computer and device on a network. When computers communicate with each other on the Internet or a local network, they send information to each other’s IP addresses. Your computer likely has public and private IP addresses. You’ll need the IP address if you’re hosting server software – the client computers will need your computer’s IP address to connect to it. How to Make Your Laptop Choose a Wired Connection Instead of Wireless HTG Explains: What Is Two-Factor Authentication and Should I Be Using It? HTG Explains: What Is Windows RT and What Does It Mean To Me?

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• How to Install KVM and Create Virtual Machines on Ubuntu

  - by Chris Hoffman

  If you’re using Linux, you don’t need VirtualBox or VMware to create virtual machines. You can use KVM – the kernel-based virtual machine – to run both Windows and Linux in virtual machines. You can use KVM directly or with other command-line tools, but the graphical Virtual Machine Manager (Virt-Manager) application will feel most familiar to people that have used other virtual machine programs. How to Banish Duplicate Photos with VisiPic How to Make Your Laptop Choose a Wired Connection Instead of Wireless HTG Explains: What Is Two-Factor Authentication and Should I Be Using It?

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• The HTG Guide To Speeding Up Your Virtual Machines

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Virtual machines are demanding beasts, providing virtual hardware and running multiple operating systems on your computer at once. Upgrading your hardware (particularly your RAM and CPU) will always help speed up virtual machines, but there’s more you can do. These tips will help you squeeze every last drop of performance out of your virtual machine, whether you’re using VirtualBox, VMware, Parallels, or any other virtual machine program. How To Create a Customized Windows 7 Installation Disc With Integrated Updates How to Get Pro Features in Windows Home Versions with Third Party Tools HTG Explains: Is ReadyBoost Worth Using?

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