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  • How to rate-limit concurrent sessions with nginx or haproxy?

    - by bantic
    I'm currently using nginx to reverse-proxy requests from web clients that are doing long-polling to an upstream. Since we're doing long polling (as opposed to websockets), when a client connects it will make multiple http connections to the server in serial, re-establishing a connection every time the server sends it some data (or timing out and re-establishing if the server has nothing to say for 10 seconds). What I'd like to do is limit the number of concurrent web clients. Since the clients are constantly making new HTTP requests instead of keeping a single request open, it's a little tricky to count the total number of web clients (because it's not the same as total number of concurrently connected http clients). The method I've come up with is to track http requests by the originating IP address, and store the IP address somewhere with a TTL of 20 seconds. If a request comes in whose IP isn't recognized, then we check the total number of unexpired stored IP addresses; if that's less than the maximum then we allow this request through. And if a request comes in with an IP address that we can find in the look-up table that hasn't yet expired, then it is allowed through as well. All requests that are allowed through have their IPs added to the table (if not there before) and the TTL refreshed to 20 seconds again. I had actually whipped something together that worked correctly this way using nginx along with the Redis 2.0 Nginx Module (and the nginx lua module to simplify the conditional branching), using redis to store my IP addresses with a TTL (the SETEX command), and checking the table size with the DBSIZE command. This worked but the performance was horrible. nginx and redis ended up using lots of cpu and the machine could only handle a very small number of concurrent requests. The new stick-table and tracking counters that were added to Haproxy in version 1.5 (via a commission from serverfault) seem like they might be ideal to implement exactly this sort of rate limiting, because the stick-table can track IP addresses and automatically expire entries. However, I don't see an easy way to get a total count of the unexpired entries in the stick table, which would be necessary to know the number of connected web clients. I'm curious if anyone has any suggestions, for nginx or haproxy or even for something else not mentioned here that I haven't thought of yet.

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  • Is there any way to execute something when closing the laptop's lid?

    - by Matias
    I'm wondering if there is any way to execute a program, run some command or anything else when closing the laptop's lid. My question aims to be generic, both for Windows and Linux. Something useful should be locking the laptop when closing the lid (Win + L in windows), or running expensive processes such as antivirus analysis etc. without doing it manually before closing the lid.

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  • gpasswd and access to a file or directory

    - by PeanutsMonkey
    As I understand it if I run the command gpasswd -A username directoryname I assign administrator privileges to username for the directory directoryname. This means that username is able to add new members to the group for directoryname without root privileges. Does this also mean that username belongs to the group or do I need to add username to the group using the commands usermod, gpasswd -a or gpasswd -M

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  • disable .recycle feature for samba shares

    - by Crash893
    I had a pretty big scare when my company file server filled up. after tacking down the source I discovered that there is a .recycle folder that keeps ALL the files ever deleted (which is also hidden) Is there anyway to disable this feature? or periodically run a command that will delete all the junk?

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  • Over writing output to a text file

    - by Naveen Gamage
    I'm trying to write wget command's output to a text file, but it always appends to the text file. #!/bin/sh download() { local url=$1 echo -n " " wget --progress=dot $url 2>&1 | grep --line-buffered "%" | \ sed -u -e "s,\.,,g" | awk '{printf("\b\b\b\b%4s", $2)}' echo " DONE" } file="$1" echo -n "Downloading $file:" download "$file" > file.log I tried using using > won't work, where am I doing wrong?

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  • Navicat 8/9 crashes my Debian/Linux

    - by meder
    I run Debian 5 + Gnome and it seems that after I made certain updates with aptitude, whenever I run a query in Navicat ( sql program that runs on WINE ), as the results are being presented linux goes into the command line and the GUI dies and it restarts and it asks me to login again ( all my programs crash ). Has anyone experienced this before? Or does anyone have a clue as to how I could go about debugging this? I suspect it's some issue with Gnome and WINE, but I'm not sure.

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  • Ubuntu (9.1) behind a ISA proxy

    - by Dan
    I have set up a Ubuntu PC on a next work that is behind a ISA Proxy. When I run the command sudo apt-get update I get several messages with this message: 502 Proxy Error (The ISA Sever denied the specified Uniform Resource Locator) The computer can see the internet and adding the proxy settings in the Network Preferences does not help. When I do a ifconfig Im on a 192 address which is not the usual subnet our PCs are on. Any ideas?

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  • many unknow process name as "sudo"

    - by joaner
    my server free memoney is less and less, And many process COMMAND are"sudo" when use top and enter M. I don't understand root user need to use "sudo". I want to know the way these processes are generated ? Can I kill ? Tasks: 185 total, 1 running, 184 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3967848k total, 3484196k used, 483652k free, 218532k buffers Swap: 4112376k total, 0k used, 4112376k free, 2932864k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22219 mysql 20 0 582m 67m 5492 S 0.0 1.7 0:01.75 mysqld 22337 daemon 20 0 327m 31m 3440 S 0.0 0.8 0:01.58 httpd 22252 daemon 20 0 321m 26m 3416 S 0.0 0.7 0:01.25 httpd 22263 daemon 20 0 319m 23m 3396 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.71 httpd 22253 daemon 20 0 310m 18m 3444 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.69 httpd 22251 root 20 0 28392 12m 3640 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.09 httpd 2422 root 20 0 9192 3608 2184 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.32 ssh 13613 root 20 0 38220 3572 1044 S 0.0 0.1 0:22.31 rsyslogd 2423 root 20 0 11556 3420 2692 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.11 sshd 22570 root 20 0 11716 3408 2676 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 sshd 3351 root 20 0 10384 2540 2000 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 sudo 30870 root 20 0 10384 2528 2000 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 sudo 14356 dkim-mil 20 0 49664 2444 1468 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.91 dkim-filter 2085 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7741 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29838 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2006 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29747 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30602 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30935 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2259 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2503 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2515 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7718 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7745 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29845 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30172 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30352 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30548 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30598 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30897 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30899 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo

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  • shortcut for Eventvwr > Connect to another computer

    - by Peter
    I was wondering if you can write the following action in a batch command? eventvwr (open the event viewer) Menu Action Connect to another computer Type in the name of the computer. Connect. This would make my life just a few minutes/day more efficient ;-) Update As we've just upgraded to Windows 7 and I needed a new solution, it seems to be possible like this: %windir%\system32\eventvwr.exe targethostname

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  • How do I remove the Never-Ending Dropbox Folder?

    - by KronoS
    I don't know if this is an error with eclipse or dropbox, but I seem to be unable to delete a file folder within my dropbox folder. Somehow, there was a creation of over 8300 file folders, all duplicates of the previous folder. I tried deleting from both command line, and explorer but get the same error: I've also deleted the share from the dropbox website, and it deleted correctly from there, but during the sync from the client (my pc) to the site there is an error: Any ideas of what to do?

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  • Print ssh and su chain

    - by user1824885
    Is there a way to show the complete ssh and su chain in bash? For example. In Server A as user aa: su - ab ssh ba@B su - bb Thus, I would like a command that prints something like this: 1 bash aa in A 2 su ab in A 3 ssh ba in B 4 su bb in B I tried pstree but it does not print the users and only works with the processes of the last ssh'ed server: $ pstree | grep -C 5 pstree serversshd---sshd---sshd---bash---su---bash-+-grep | `-pstree Thanks and regards.

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  • Problems login ubuntu 10.10

    - by siobhan
    I recently change my compiz settings for my cube and upon restarting my pc it first black screened, where it got stuck, on this screen the last command stated that it was checking the battery status, it was like this for hours i finally got thru to the Login screen but it will not accept the password (with i know is correct). I am a novice with Ubuntu but have read and tried everything the forums have told me to do but to no avail.... Please, please, please any help would be greatly appreciated. Many thanks.

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  • Postfix issues sending mail to addresses under domain located on server

    - by iamthewit
    I recently installed virtualmin on my nice shiny new rackspace cloud. Everything went seemlessly but I've been having some issues getting emails to send properly. The problem seems to be that the server can not send mail to email addresses where the domain is owned by my server. For example, on my server I run multiple virtual domains, lets call this one test.com. When I run the mail command from shell (mail [email protected]) I get the following back from my maillog: Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/pickup[8737]: DC1131612CC: uid=0 from= Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/cleanup[8769]: DC1131612CC: [email protected] Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DC1131612CC: [email protected], size=353, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/error[8771]: DC1131612CC: [email protected], relay=none, delay=0, delays=0/0/0/0, dsn=5.0.0, status=bounced (User unknown in virtual alias table) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/cleanup[8769]: DD07D1612D1: [email protected] Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/bounce[8772]: DC1131612CC: sender non-delivery notification: DD07D1612D1 Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DD07D1612D1: from=<, size=2268, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DC1131612CC: removed Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/local[8773]: DD07D1612D1: [email protected], relay=local, delay=0.03, delays=0/0/0/0.03, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to command: /usr/bin/procmail-wrapper -o -a $DOMAIN -d $LOGNAME) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DD07D1612D1: removed when I run mail [email protected] the message is sent and received perfectly fine. I'm a bit of a noob when it comes to servers, but I pick things up fairly quickly, so please excuse any incorrect terminology and my general noobiness. Any help would be greatly appreciated, I've been googling for quite a while but I haven't found a solution yet, I'll add a copy of my main.cf file in a response below cheers guys here is the reformatted postconf, do you want the reformatted main.cf file too, or is this enough? alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 home_mailbox = Maildir/ html_directory = no mailbox_command = /usr/bin/procmail-wrapper -o -a $DOMAIN -d $LOGNAME mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man myhostname = server.test.com newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples sender_bcc_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/bcc sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

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  • wusa in server 2008 R2

    - by Jack
    I need to use wusa to uninstall a particular update that is causing a reboot loop. I can access winre and dism, but wusa gives command not found. Does wusa not come with r2, or is it not available in the built-in WinRE or what?

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  • WRTP54G Bypass Login Admin

    - by vonhogen
    I've been trying to log into my WRTP54G router, but I forgot the password. Is there any way to temporarily disable the login like for the wrt54g: http://www.velocityreviews.com/forums/t519535-help-my-linksys-wrt54g-router-was-broken-into-using-the-curl-command.html If anyone has this router, could they examine the page to turn off admin login, and see what I would need to send in a POST request?

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  • Convert FAT32 to NTFS, risk/time?

    - by Rakward
    After a quick search I found that through a command prompt I can convert a drive from FAT32 to NTFS without losing data(see here). What I want to ask here is, how safe is this method on a 1.5 TB drive with 500 GB of data? What are the chances of this freezing up(or is there really nothin to worry about) and what is the probable time, a couple of minutes or a whole hour? Sorry if this seems like a stupid question, just want to play on the safe side here ...

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  • How do I force deletion of a file on Windows 7?

    - by thehawk90
    Hello all. I opened a file using Vim from MinGW's MSYS on Windows 7, and it crashed, and it's left behind a .filename.swp file which I cannot delete! I'm in the local admin group, and I tried following this, in an administrator command propmpt, and that didn't work. Nor did logging on as the local admin and performing the same actions. Any suggestions?

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  • Can not access control panel.

    - by Amby
    I can not access Contol panel in my windows vista machine. As soon as i click the "conrol panel" item in start items, it shows up a window and then its closed automatically ( same happens if i use "control" command). Is there some program or some registry entry thats restricting it? is ther a way to control this behaviour?

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  • How is DNS used by individual processes?

    - by atroon
    When resolving FQDNs or machine names to IP addresses on my local network (mycompany.internal) I can use dig on the command line (linux/mac) or nslookup (windows) to query the configured server and get a response. But trying to enter the FQDN or even just the machine name in a ping command or in a web browser results in 'Unknown Host' or DNS errors. Here's a sample, this one from the Mac: mac:~ atroon$ dig server.mycompany.internal ; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> server.mycompany.internal ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 5219 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;server.mycompany.internal. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: server.mycompany.internal. 1200 IN A 172.16.254.36 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 172.16.254.8#53(172.16.254.8) ;; WHEN: Wed Dec 16 11:39:15 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 55 mac:~ atroon$ ping server.mycompany.internal<br> ping: cannot resolve server.mycompany.internal: Unknown host I cannot for the life of me figure this one out. The DNS server is a SBS 2003 box which handles AD, some file/print, etc for a small company network. This issue happens to me about three times a week, and when I'm connected to the local network directly, the same switch as the server even. I can make any connection I want with IP addresses, I just can't make DNS work. Additionally, at the same time I'm experiencing this, other users are fine, which makes me think it's a problem on my Mac. But what sort of problem? How can dig send a query and get a reply, and ping say 'unknown host'? I'm posting here vs. serverfault because I think this is a local problem not a server problem...but if anyone can point me at the server, I guess we'll head down the street a domain or two.

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  • How should I configure postfix to avoid sent emails bouncing because of "Invalid HELO name"

    - by Vlad Socaciu
    Some mail sent from sites on my server bounce back with the following mail.log message Nov 26 17:27:53 blogu postfix/smtp[16858]: C4DD22908EC0: to=, relay=rejecting-domain.ro[rejecting-ip]:25, delay=2.5, delays=0.1/0/2.3/0.04, dsn=5.0.0, status=bounced (host rejecting-domain.ro[rejecting-ip] said: 550 Access denied - Invalid HELO name (See RFC2821 4.1.1.1) (in reply to MAIL FROM command)) On the receiving end, my emails are logged like this: 2011-11-22 15:09:35 H=static.39.80.4.46.clients.your-server.de (Ubuntu-1004-lucid-64-minimal) [my-server-ip] rejected MAIL : Access denied - Invalid HELO name (See RFC2821 4.1.1.1)

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