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• How to write image of a floppy disk to a flash drive?

  - by Usman Ajmal

  I have created an image of a floppy disk by executing: dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/home/myFloppy.img My floppy disk is no more working now. So I am thinking now if it's possible to write the image of that floppy to a flash drive and then i may boot my machine from the flash drive. My machine's BIOS has the option of 'Boot from USB'.

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• Dovecot/Postfix-mysql e-mail Aliases are not correctly forwarded

  - by jo_fryli

  I recently set up Dovecot/postfix-mysql on my Debian Squeeze Server and I have a bit of a problem. When ever I send a email to an alias ([email protected] forwarded to [email protected] for example) Postfix (or Dovecot, I'm not quite sure) puts this email into a Mailbox rather than forwarding it to the real Mail-Adress. I have tested all the MySQL queries and they all behave the way I intend them to do. foobar dovecot: deliver([email protected]): msgid=<000001385b464c9a-e40af11e-3bf4-49f6-903d-1d2369f6bfb6-000000@barfoo: saved mail to INBOX master.cf main.cf Keep in mind that normal E-Mail sending and receiving works just fine! I have set up my MySQL Tables with Postfixadmin. Thanks for your help!

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• In Rackspace cloud, it is true that a 2GB server is faster than the default 256MB server?

  - by Alex

  For example...when I do string.find("..."), will it be faster because the CPU is allocated more?

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• SSL Handshake negotiation on Nginx terribly slow

  - by Paras Chopra

  I am using Nginx as a proxy to 4 apache instances. My problem is that SSL negotiation takes a lot of time (600 ms). See this as an example: http://www.webpagetest.org/result/101020_8JXS/1/details/ Here is my Nginx Conf: user www-data; worker_processes 4; events { worker_connections 2048; use epoll; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 0; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_proxied any; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; } upstream abc { server 1.1.1.1 weight=1; server 1.1.1.2 weight=1; server 1.1.1.3 weight=1; } server { listen 443; server_name blah; keepalive_timeout 5; ssl on; ssl_certificate /blah.crt; ssl_certificate_key /blah.key; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { proxy_pass http://abc; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } The machine is a VPS on Linode with 1 G of RAM. Can anyone please tell why SSL Hand shake is taking ages?

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• How can I download a package and all of its dependencies with apt-get

  - by Velislav Marinov

  I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 and I would like to use apt-get to download a package and all of it's depenedcies. Those packages will have to be installed on computers with no internet connection, so in addition to the base package I also need to all of the package's dependcies as well. Is there an easy way to do this (like in muon package manager)? I now that I can use the apt-get download command for this, but I don't want to manually specify each package that muon recommends to install or upgrade.

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• How to add delay in autologin

  - by raj

  I enabled autologin in my system (CentOS 6.2) for that I edited this file /etc/gdm/custom.conf In that I entered this code [daemon] AutomaticLoginEnable=true AutomaticLogin=test Here test means one account name, for that account autologin is working but the problem is not possible to logout. That is because everytime while I logout it will go to gdm(graphical display manager) and there it Again checks for account test. It is available right so it will again login to same account. Here I want add delay, that means it should wait for sometime, If no one login to any other account, then only test account will log. how to add delay?

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• Ubuntu Natty 11.04, Turning the wireless switch off; switches it off permanently!

  - by ZiGi

  i'm using an hp pavilion dv2000 i turned the wifi switch off by mistake, the LED turned orange and the wifi got disconnected. and now when i turn the switch on, it remains orange and the wifi still isn't functional. this happened before; i found a fix that worked searching google. it was done via terminal commands and i didn't have to download anything but i can't find the solution anymore! wlan0 shows up when i use: :~$iwconfig #BLA BLA BLA #... wlan0 IEEE 802.11abg ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=off Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off more results: :~$ sudo ifconfig wlan0 up SIOCSIFFLAGS: Operation not possible due to RF-kill :~$ rfkill list all 1: phy0: WirelessLAN Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: yes :~$ sudo rfkill unblock all :~$ rfkill list all 1: phy0: WirelessLAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: yes :~$ sudo ifconfig wlan0 up SIOCSIFFLAGS: Operation not possible due to RF-kill it's still hard blocked! even though the switch is turned on; gives the same result eitherways a direction to a page with a working solution is a much appreciated answer!

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• Ways to increase my Ubuntu partition space

  - by Andreas Grech

  I am currently running Ubuntu and Windows 7 as dual-boot on a single HD. The problem is that when I installed Ubuntu, I didn't allocate as much space as I thought I would need and now I need 'reinstall' Ubuntu so that I can increase the amount of storage space. Now there are two ways to go about this. Either I use use gparted to increase my partition space (but I read that it's not really that safe as regards data loss) or create the new partition with more space and reinstall Ubuntu there. But if want to reinstall Ubuntu, is there a way I can somehow "save" my current Ubuntu and install that one? What I mean is that I don't want to lose my current installed packages and files that I have on this partition. Is there a way to kind of maybe 'streamline' my current Ubuntu so that I install this one on the new partition? If not, what are your opinions as regards gparted?

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• Configuring sendmail to forward mail for a specific domain to a specific mail server without using M

  - by aHunter

  I am new to sendmail and would like to configure sendmail to forward all mail for a specific email address to another internal mail server. I need it to ignore the MX records and only send it to the server I specify but am not sure which files to edit or how to configure the sendmail config. Is it sufficient to add the server to the /etc/hosts and the /etc/mail/local-host-names files? Thanks in advance.

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• How to mount remote sambe from local host with multiple groups ?

  - by Dragos

  I am using mount.cifs to mount a remote samba share (both client and server are Ubuntu server 8.04) like this: mount.cifs //sambaserver/samba /mountpath -o credentials=/path/.credentials,uid=someuser,gid=1000 `$ cat .credentials username=user password=password I mounted a user from local system with username and password with mount.cifs but the problem is that the user is part of multiple groups on the remote system and with mount.cifs I can only specify one gid. Is there a way to specify all the gids that the remote user has ? Is there a way to: 1) Mount the remote samba with multiple groups on the local system ? 2) Browse the mount from 1) with the terminal since I want to pass some files from samba as arguments to local programs. Other solutions would be: nautilus sftp:// which runs through gvfs but the newer gnome does not write to disk the ~/.gvfs anymore so I can't browse it in terminal. An the last solution would be nfs but that means that I have to synchronize the uids and gids on the local system with the ones from the server.

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• Adding user to chroot environment

  - by Neo

  I've created a chroot system in my Ubuntu using schroot and debrootstrap, based on minimal ubuntu. However whenever I can't seem to add a new user into this chroot environment. Here is what happens. I enter schroot as root and add a new user.(Tried both adduser and useradd commands) The username lists up in /etc/passwd file and I can 'su' into the new user. So far so good. When I log out of schroot, and re-enter schroot, the user I created has vanished!! There is no mention of that user in /etc/passwd either. How do I make the new user permanent?

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• Light Weight Virtual Machines / *nix Distributions

  - by rjstelling

  Does anyone maintain a list of Light Weight *nix distributions, ideally just a VM that can be downloaded.

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• Sendmail: external alias not receiving relayed mail under certain circumstances.

  - by ben

  I have set up an alias in /etc/mail/aliases like this: user: [email protected] This relay DOES work when I telnet to example.com 25 and send mail to [email protected] (where example.com is my domain); it indeed turns up in [email protected] inbox. Also mail sent from my server at example.com is generally deliverable to this same email address, [email protected]. HOWEVER, the relay DOES NOT work when I send mail from [email protected] to [email protected], expecting it to be relayed back to [email protected]. The mail.log shows it being received and sent just fine, so I guess it is being blocked by gmail for some reason. Why though? As I said, gmail generally does except mail from this server.

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• How to make a vm scale when demand for resource increases

  - by Cray XT3

  i am having a server with 16 virtual core and 24G RAM,using Xen virtualization and ubuntu as dom0 Created 4 VMs (in para mode),each with different applications. CPU Load vary on each vm,somtimes first vm reaches nearly 100% CPU and others under 25% or even less. So is there a way in which vm can get cpu from other vms when they are not actually using it or utilization is under 25%.Same in the case of RAM also. I am not sure whether i am mentioning Cloud here. Initially i would like to give every vm a single VCPU,but can scale up to 8 or more by taking cpu from other vms if they are not using it. Is there any kind of tool that makes vm to scale its resources when demand increases. Is cloudstack and openstack designed for these kind of purpose or is that just a GUI to manage VMs.

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• killing all instances of chrome on the command line?

  - by Fedor

  In some cases killing a single tab/process doesn't do it and I need to close Chrome entirely. Since Chrome has multiple processes, how can I close all of them at once? I know that... pgrep chrome returns all the pids, can someone tell me a trick that would allow me to close all of them by feeding them to another command or merging them to a csv or something?

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• How to set TV-out options under Linux of an Geforce 9600 GT video card

  - by polemon

  I'm using the TV-out connector of my Geforce 9600 GT to connect it to an old TV set. It's obviously in Composite mode, the other two cables of Component video are dead, only Pb/VIDEO labeled one gives me a signal. The picture appears black/white on the TV, I presume it's because the video card gives me an NTSC signal, but it's a PAL tv set. How do I change the TV-out from NTSC to PAL? My Component to SCART adapter hasn't arrived yet, but I think I should be able to set manually, whether the signal should be Composite or Component. How do I switch modes of the TV-out, between Component and Composite? I'm running Linux, so it's probably some settings I need to make in xorg.conf. Edit: I got this far: I need to set in the "Device" section of my xorg.conf: Option "TVStandard" "PAL-B" Option "TVOutFormat" "COMPOSITE" The whole section looks like this now: Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce 9600 GT" Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True" Option "TVStandard" "PAL-B" Option "TVOutFormat" "COMPOSITE" EndSection How can I list all available settings for "TVStandard" and "TVOutFormat"?

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• SFTP through proxy

  - by aerodynamic_props

  I have a large amount of data on scratch space at computer b that I want to get. In my network I cannot directly connect to computer b (ssh exits with "No route to host"); I must first connect to computer a, and then connect to computer b. I cannot move the data from the scratch space on computer b to computer a because of a disk quota that is imposed on me at computer a. How can I move the data from computer b to my computer in this situation?

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• openldap make sure password does not contain username

  - by Ryan Horrisberger

  Is there a way using openldap to ensure that a user's password does not contain their name or their username? I know that you can use the ppolicy overlay pwdCheckModule by writing a C function to do password checking, but is this the best approach? It doesn't seem like many folks are doing password quality checking this way--the only example I've found is a github example which only does basic checking.

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• Problem when trying to install Debian Lenny

  - by kasperasky

  I am installing Debian Lenny, but when I boot it, it stops at this point: Please wait kernel loading... It doesn't continue past this point. What should I do?

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• Will these instructions work when turning of journaling on an ext4 SSD?

  - by snowlord

  I have an Acer Aspire One with an SSD for storage. I recently installed Ubuntu on it and chose ext4 for my filesystem. Then I read that journaling on an SSD isn't the best idea, so I will try to disable journaling and I have found these intstructions (from http://fenidik.blogspot.com/2010/03/ext4-disable-journal.html): # Create ext4 fs on /dev/sda10 disk mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 # Enable writeback mode. This mode will typically provide the best ext4 performance. tune2fs -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sda10 # Delete has_journal option tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sda10 # Required fsck e2fsck -f /dev/sda10 # Check fs options dumpe2fs /dev/sda10 |more For more performance add fstab opions: data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime i.e: /dev/sda10 /opt ext4 defaults,data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime 0 0 I will use them on my boot partition. Are there any particularly bad parts here, or are there any missing steps? Will my boot partition be fit for being on an SSD after this? Or should I consider switching to ext2, or even reinstall it all and choose ext2 at partitioning time (I'd rather not though, since I've configured quite some stuff already)?

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• Large file copy from NFS to local disk performance drop

  - by Bernhard

  I'm trying to copy a 200GB file from an NFS mount to a local disk. The local disk is an XFS filesystem on a LVM on top of a RAID 5 system (hardware RAID controler). I'm using rsync to monitor the transfer speed. At the beginning the IO speed is about 200MB/s, stable for the first 18GB. But then the performance drops by a factor of 10-20 and never recovers to the initial rate. Sometimes it reaches about 50-100MB/s but just for a few seconds and then the process seems to hang for a bit. At the same time all file-stat operations on the target filesystem are blocking for a long time (minutes). Also interrupting the copy process blocks for several minutes, a sub-sequent delete of the partly copied file takes also several minutes. Any ideas what could be causing this?

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• CPU Affinity on ARM processors

  - by dsljanus

  I am using some RaspberryPI boards for a data acquisition system. They are nice boards, with plenty of community support around them, but they are really slow. I am thinking of gradually replacing them with ODROID multicore boards, with the Samsung Exynos processors. I have some experience using taskset to set CPU affinity on my servers because I am always running Node.js applications that are by definition single threaded. Now, is it possible to do this on an ARM board? I do not see why it would not in theory, but I have doubts over how well it is going to work. Does anyone have experience with this kind of hack? Also, I would appreciate any comments about ARM CPUs and how they differ from x86.

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• mount multiple folders with nfs4 on centos

  - by microchasm

  I'm trying to get nfs4 working here. Machine 1 (server) I have a folder and in it 2 other folders I'm trying to share independently. /shared/folder1 /shared/folder2 Problem is, I can't seem to figure out how to mount the folders independently on the client. (Machine 1 - server) /etc/exports: /var/shared/folder1 192.168.200.101(rw,fsid=0,sync) /var/shared/folder2 192.168.200.101(rw,fsid=0,sync) ... exportfs -ra (Machine 2 - client) /etc/fstab: 192.168.200.201:/folder1/ /home/nfsmnt/folder1 nfs4 rw 0 0 ... mount /home/nfsmnt/folder1 mount.nfs4: 192.168.200.201:/folder1/ failed, reason given by server: No such file or directory The folder is there. I'm positive. I think there is something simple I'm missing, but I'm totally missing it. It seems like there should be a way in fstab to tell nfs which folder on the server I want to mount. But I can only find references to what looks like a root mount point (e.g. 192.168.1.1:/) which I assume is handled by exports on the server. But even with the folders set up in exports, there doesn't seem to be an apparent way to pich and choose which gets mounted. Is it not possible to mount separate folders from the same server to different mount points on the client? Any help appreciated.

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• How to close all background processes in unix?

  - by Gabi Purcaru

  I have something like: cd project && python manage.py runserver & cd utilities && ./coffee_auto_compiler.py And I want both of them to close on Ctrl-C (or some other command). How can I accomplish that? EDIT: I tried using jobs -x kill and kill `jobs -p `, but it doesn't seem to kill what I need. Here is what I mean: moon 8119 0.0 0.0 7556 3008 pts/0 S 13:17 0:00 /bin/bash moon 8120 6.8 0.4 24568 18928 pts/0 S 13:17 0:00 python manage.py runserver jobs -p give me just process 8119, but I also need to close 8120, since it's the thing that the first command opened. If it helps, the commands are actually in a Makefile, and I want it to run two daemons at the same time (and somehow close them at the same time). And yes, I'm using ubuntu, with bash

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• How to change the Nginx default folder?

  - by Ido Bukin

  I setup a server with Nginx and i set my Public_HTML in - /home/user/public_html/website.com/public And its always redirect to - /usr/local/nginx/html/ How can i change this ? Nginx.conf - user www-data www-data; worker_processes 4; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay off; keepalive_timeout 5; gzip on; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; include /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/default - server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root html; index index.php index.html index.htm; } # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } /usr/local/nginx/sites-available/website.com - server { listen 80; server_name website.com; rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.website.com/$1 permanent; } server { listen 80; server_name www.website.com; access_log /home/user/public_html/website.com/log/access.log; error_log /home/user/public_html/website.com/log/error.log; location / { root /home/user/public_html/website.com/public/; index index.php index.html; } # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on # 127.0.0.1:9000 location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /home/user/public_html/website.com/public/$fastcgi_script_name; } } The error message I get is Fatal error: require_once() [function.require]: Failed opening required '/usr/local/nginx/html/202-config/functions.php' the server try to find the file in the Nginx folder and not in my Public_Html

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