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  • Dynamically create class attributes

    - by ahojnnes
    Hi, I need to dynamically create class attributes from a DEFAULTS dictionary. defaults = { 'default_value1':True, 'default_value2':True, 'default_value3':True, } class Settings(object): default_value1 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value1], ...) default_value2 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value2], ...) default_value3 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value3], ...) I could also achive this by having sth. like __init__ for class creation, in order to dynamically create these attributes from dictionary and save a lot of code and stupid work. How would you do this? Thank you very much in advance!

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  • How to achieve interaction between GUI class with logic class

    - by volting
    Im new to GUI programming, and haven't done much OOP. Im working on a basic calculator app to help me learn GUI design and to brush up on OOP. I understand that anything GUI related should be kept seperate from the logic, but Im unsure how to implement interaction between logic an GUI classes when needed i.e. basically passing variables back and forth... Im using TKinter and when I pass a tkinter variable to my logic it only seems to hold the string PY_VAR0. def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) Im sure that im probably doing something fundamentally wrong and probabaly really stupid, I spent a considerable amount of time experimenting (and searching for answers online) but Im getting no where. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks, V The Full Program (well just enough to show the structure..) import Tkinter class Gui(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self,parent): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.initialize() def initialize(self): self.grid() self.create_widgets() """ grid config """ #self.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1,pad=0) self.resizable(False, False) def create_widgets(self): """row 0 of grid""" """Create Text Entry Box""" self.entryVariable = Tkinter.StringVar() self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self,width=30,textvariable=self.entryVariable) self.entry.grid(column=0,row=0, columnspan = 3 ) self.entry.bind("<Return>", self.on_press_enter) """create equal button""" equal_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="=",width=4,command=self.on_equal_btn_click) equal_btn.grid(column=3, row=0) """row 1 of grid""" """create number 1 button""" number1_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="1",width=8,command=self.on_number1_btn_click) number1_btn.grid(column=0, row=1) . . . def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) class Calc(): def __init__(self, equation): self.equation = equation def calculate(self): #TODO: parse string and calculate... return self.equation if __name__ == "__main__": app = Gui(None) app.title('Calculator') app.mainloop()

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  • Modify passed, nested dict/list

    - by Gerenuk
    I was thinking of writing a function to normalize some data. A simple approach is def normalize(l, aggregate=sum, norm_by=operator.truediv): aggregated=aggregate(l) for i in range(len(l)): l[i]=norm_by(l[i], aggregated) l=[1,2,3,4] normalize(l) l -> [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4] However for nested lists and dicts where I want to normalize over an inner index this doesnt work. I mean I'd like to get l=[[1,100],[2,100],[3,100],[4,100]] normalize(l, ?? ) l -> [[0.1,100],[0.2,100],[0.3,100],[0.4,100]] Any ideas how I could implement such a normalize function? Maybe it would be crazy cool to write normalize(l[...][0]) Is it possible to make this work?? Or any other ideas? Also not only lists but also dict could be nested. Hmm... EDIT: I just found out that numpy offers such a syntax (for lists however). Anyone know how I would implement the ellipsis trick myself?

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  • Selenium selected option in dropdown not displayed correctly

    - by luckyfool
    I have the following issue with Selenium Webdriver. There are two dropdown menus on a page i am testing "brand" and "items". The options of "items" depend on which brand you choose. I am trying to iterate through all possible choices and print brand-item pairs. I use two possible ways to pick an option from each dropdown menu Using Select(): def retryingSelectOption(name,n): result=False attempts=0 while attempts<5: try: element=Select(driver.find_element_by_name(name)) element.select_by_index(n) print element.all_selected_options[0].text result=True break except StaleElementReferenceException: pass attempts+=1 return result And using .click(): def retryingClickOption(name,n): result=False attempts=0 while attempts<5: try: driver.find_element_by_name(name).find_elements_by_tag_name("option")[n].click() result=True break except StaleElementReferenceException: pass attempts+=1 return result My problem is that at ,what seem to me as random moments (sometimes it works sometimes it does not), even though the above functions return True and printing out the selected option shows me the correct answer, the browser still displays the previous option. So basically Selenium tells me i have picked the right option but the browser displays the previous one.No idea what is wrong.

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  • Use Twisted's getPage as urlopen?

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I would like to use Twisted non-blocking getPage method within a webapp, but it feels quite complicated to use such function compared to urlopen. This is an example of what I'm trying to achive: def web_request(request): response = urllib.urlopen('http://www.example.org') return HttpResponse(len(response.read())) Is it so hard to have something similar with getPage?

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  • more efficient way to pickle a string

    - by gatoatigrado
    The pickle module seems to use string escape characters when pickling; this becomes inefficient e.g. on numpy arrays. Consider the following z = numpy.zeros(1000, numpy.uint8) len(z.dumps()) len(cPickle.dumps(z.dumps())) The lengths are 1133 characters and 4249 characters respectively. z.dumps() reveals something like "\x00\x00" (actual zeros in string), but pickle seems to be using the string's repr() function, yielding "'\x00\x00'" (zeros being ascii zeros). i.e. ("0" in z.dumps() == False) and ("0" in cPickle.dumps(z.dumps()) == True)

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  • gae error:AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'user_is_member'

    - by zjm1126
    class Thread(db.Model): members = db.StringListProperty() def user_is_member(self, user): return str(user) in self.members and thread = Thread.get(db.Key.from_path('Thread', int(id))) is_member = thread.user_is_member(user) but the error is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\__init__.py", line 511, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\util.py", line 62, in check_login handler_method(self, *args) File "D:\zjm_code\forum_blog_gae\main.py", line 222, in get is_member = thread.user_is_member(user) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'user_is_member' why ? thanks

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  • How to create a non-persistent Elixir/SQLAlchemy object?

    - by siebert
    Hi, because of legacy data which is not available in the database but some external files, I want to create a SQLAlchemy object which contains data read from the external files, but isn't written to the database if I execute session.flush() My code looks like this: try: return session.query(Phone).populate_existing().filter(Phone.mac == ident).one() except: return self.createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(ident) def createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(self, ident): # Some code to read necessary data from file deleted.... phone = Phone() phone.mac = foo phone.data = bar phone.state = "Read from legacy file" phone.purchaseOrderPosition = self.getLegacyOrder(ident) # SQLAlchemy magic doesn't seem to work here, probably because we don't insert the created # phone object into the database. So we set the id fields manually. phone.order_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_id phone.order_position_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_position_id return phone Everything works fine except that on a session.flush() executed later in the application SQLAlchemy tries to write the created Phone object to the database (which fortunatly doesn't succeed, because phone.state is longer than the data type allows), which breaks the function which issues the flush. Is there any way to prevent SQLAlchemy from trying to write such an object? Ciao, Steffen

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  • error in fetching url data

    - by Rahul s
    from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp import util from google.appengine.ext import db from google.appengine.api import urlfetch class TrakHtml(db.Model): hawb = db.StringProperty(required=False) htmlData = db.TextProperty() class MainHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): Traks = list() Traks.append('93332134') #Traks.append('91779831') #Traks.append('92782244') #Traks.append('38476214') for st in Traks : trak = TrakHtml() trak.hawb = st url = 'http://etracking.cevalogistics.com/eTrackResultsMulti.aspx?sv='+st result = urlfetch.fetch(url) self.response.out.write(result.read()) trak.htmlData = result.read() trak.put() result.read() is not giving whole file , it giving some portion. trak.htmlData is a textproparty() so it have to store whole file and i want that only

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  • What is the difference between type.__getattribute__ and object.__getattribute__?

    - by Neil G
    Given: In [37]: class A: ....: f = 1 ....: In [38]: class B(A): ....: pass ....: In [39]: getattr(B, 'f') Out[39]: 1 Okay, that either calls super or crawls the mro? In [40]: getattr(A, 'f') Out[40]: 1 This is expected. In [41]: object.__getattribute__(A, 'f') Out[41]: 1 In [42]: object.__getattribute__(B, 'f') --------------------------------------------------------------------------- AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-42-de76df798d1d> in <module>() ----> 1 object.__getattribute__(B, 'f') AttributeError: 'type' object has no attribute 'f' What is getattribute not doing that getattr does? In [43]: type.__getattribute__(B, 'f') Out[43]: 1 What?! type.__getattribute__ calls super but object's version doesn't? In [44]: type.__getattribute__(A, 'f') Out[44]: 1

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  • Serving large generated files using Google App Engine?

    - by John Carter
    Hiya, Presently I have a GAE app that does some offline processing (backs up a user's data), and generates a file that's somewhere in the neighbourhood of 10 - 100 MB. I'm not sure of the best way to serve this file to the user. The two options I'm considering are: Adding some code to the offline processing code that 'spoofs' it as a form upload to the blob store, and going thru the normal blobstore process to serve the file. Having the offline processing code store the file somewhere off of GAE, and serving it from there. Is there a much better approach I'm overlooking? I'm guessing this is functionality that isn't well suited to GAE. I had thought of storing in the datastore as db.Text or Dd.Blob but there I encounter the 1 MB limit. Any input would be appreciated,

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  • manyToManyField question

    - by dotty
    Hay guys, I'm writing a simple app which logs recipes. I'm working out my models and have stumbled across a problem My Dish models needs to have many Ingredients. This is no problem because i would do something like this ingredients = models.ManyToManyfield(Ingredient) No problems, my dish now can have many ingrendients. However, the problem is that the ingredient needs to come in different quantities. I.E 4 eggs, 7 tablespoons sugar My Ingredient Model is very simple at the moment class Ingredient(models.Model): name = models.TextField(blank=False) slug = models.SlugField(blank=True) How would i go about work out this problem? What fields would i need to add, would i need to use a 'through' attribute on my ManyToManyfield to solve this problem?

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  • What is an efficient way to erase substrings?

    - by Legend
    I have a long string and a set of <end-index, string> list like the following: long_sentence = "This is a long long long long sentence" indices = [[6, "is"], [8, "is a"], [18, "long"], [23, "long"]] An element 6, "is" indicates that 6 is the end index of the word "is" in the string. I want to get the following string in the end: >> print long_sentence This .... long ......... long sentence" I tried an approach like this: temp = long_sentence for i in indices: temp = temp[:int(i[0]) - len(i[1])] + '.'*(len(i[1])+1) + temp[i[0]+1:] While this seems to be working, it is taking exceptionally long time (more than 6 hours on 5000 strings inside a 300 MB file). Is there a way to speed this up?

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  • how to create a theme with QT

    - by Moayyad Yaghi
    hello im looking for a way to make my pyqt interface look nicer by adding a theme to it. im new to Qt and i still have no idea how to add a custom theme for widgets.. so how is that possible ? and is it possible through qt designer ? sorry for my bad english , its my third language. i hope the idea is clear enough . please let me know if something was unclear .. thanks in advace

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  • better way of handling nested list

    - by laspal
    Hi, I have list my_list = [ [1,2,3,4,5,6], [1,3,4],[34,56,56,56]] for item in my_list: var1,var2,var3,var4,var5,var6 = None if len(item) ==1: var1 = item[0] if len(item) == 2: var1 = item[0] var2 = item[1] if len(item) == 3: var1 = item[0] var2 = item[1] var3 = item[2] if len(item) == 4: var1 = item[0] var2 = item[1] var3 = item[2] var4 = item[3] fun(var1,var2,var3,var4,var5,var6) I have a function def fun(var1, var2 = None, var3 = None, var4 = None, var5=None, var6= None) Depending upon the values in my inner list. I am passing it to function. I hope I made it clear. Thanks

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  • problem on strings, tuple strings

    - by suresh
    Write a function, called constrainedMatchPair which takes three arguments: a tuple representing starting points for the first substring, a tuple representing starting points for the second substring, and the length of the first substring. The function should return a tuple of all members (call it n) of the first tuple for which there is an element in the second tuple (call it k) such that n+m+1 = k, where m is the length of the first substring. Complete the definition def constrainedMatchPair(firstMatch,secondMatch,length):

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  • How do I use a string as a keyword argument?

    - by Issac Kelly
    Specifically, I'm trying to use a string to arbitrairly filter the ORM. I've tried exec and eval solutions, but I'm running into walls. The code below doesn't work, but it's the best way I know how to explain where I'm trying to go from gblocks.models import Image f = 'image__endswith="jpg"' # Would be scripted in another area, but passed as text <user input> d = Image.objects.filter(f) #for the non-django pythonistas: d = Image.objects.filter(image__endswith="jpg") # would be the non-dynamic equivalent.

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  • subplot matplotlib wrong syntax

    - by madptr
    I am using matplotlib to subplot in a loop. For instance, i would like to subplot 49 data sets, and from the doc, i implemented it this way; import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt X1=list(range(0,10000,1)) X1 = [ x/float(10) for x in X1 ] nb_mix = 2 parameters = [] for i in range(49): param = [] Y = [0] * len(X1) for j in range(nb_mix): mean = 5* (1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) * 0.5 ) var = 10* (1 + np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) scale = 5* ( 1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1) * 0.5 ) Y = [ Y[k] + scale * np.exp(-((X1[k] - mean)/float(var))**2) for k in range(len(X1)) ] param = param + [[mean, var, scale]] ax = plt.subplot(7, 7, i + 1) ax.plot(X1, Y) parameters = parameters + [param] ax.show() However, i have an index out of range error from i=0 onwards. Where can i do better to have it works ? Thanks

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  • Interesting task using random numbers only

    - by psihodelia
    Given any number of the random real numbers from the interval [0,1] is there exist any method to construct a floating point number with zero decimal part? Your algorithm can use only random() function calls and no variables or constants. No constants and variables are allowed, no type casting is allowed. You can use for/while, if/else or any other programming language operands.

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  • standard geographic tilizing/binning method?

    - by monkut
    I'm trying to learn and understand more about mapping and displaying values on a map. (GIS) At the moment I'M looking to take some values and apply those values to a tile or bin on a map. Ideally I'd like the tile sizes to be uniform, like 100 meters, 500 meters, etc. Is there a standard method for creating uniform tile sizes? Or Are what are common accepted method to deal with this kind of data display? (Currently I'm using geodjango and it's related toolset geos, proj4, etc)

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  • Django - partially validating form

    - by aeter
    I'm new to Django, trying to process some forms. I have this form for entering information (creating a new ad) in one template: class Ad(models.Model): ... category = models.CharField("Category",max_length=30, choices=CATEGORIES) sub_category = models.CharField("Subcategory",max_length=4, choices=SUBCATEGORIES) location = models.CharField("Location",max_length=30, blank=True) title = models.CharField("Title",max_length=50) ... I validate it with "is_valid()" just fine. Basically for the second validation (another template) I want to validate only against "category" and "sub_category": In another template, I want to use 2 fields from the same form ("category" and "sub_category") for filtering information - and now the "is_valid()" method would not work correctly, cause it validates the entire form, and I need to validate only 2 fields. I have tried with the following: ... if request.method == 'POST': # If a filter for data has been submitted: form = AdForm(request.POST) try: form = form.clean() category = form.category sub_category = form.sub_category latest_ads_list = Ad.objects.filter(category=category) except ValidationError: latest_ads_list = Ad.objects.all().order_by('pub_date') else: latest_ads_list = Ad.objects.all().order_by('pub_date') form = AdForm() ... but it doesn't work. How can I validate only the 2 fields category and sub_category?

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