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  • How to get more detail from an exception?

    - by cusimar9
    I have a .NET 4.0 web application which implements an error handler within the Application_Error event of Global.asax. When an exception occurs this intercepts it and sends me an email including a variety of information like the logged in user, the page the error occurred on, the contents of the session etc. This is all great but there is some fundamental detail missing which I seem unable to locate. For instance, this is a subset of an error I would receive and the associated stack trace: Source: Telerik.Web.UI Message: Selection out of range Parameter name: value Stack trace: at Telerik.Web.UI.RadComboBox.PerformDataBinding(IEnumerable dataSource) at Telerik.Web.UI.RadComboBox.OnDataSourceViewSelectCallback(IEnumerable data) at System.Web.UI.DataSourceView.Select(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments, DataSourceViewSelectCallback callback) at Telerik.Web.UI.RadComboBox.OnDataBinding(EventArgs e) at Telerik.Web.UI.RadComboBox.PerformSelect() at System.Web.UI.WebControls.BaseDataBoundControl.DataBind() at Telerik.Web.UI.RadComboBox.DataBind() at System.Web.UI.WebControls.BaseDataBoundControl.EnsureDataBound() at Telerik.Web.UI.RadComboBox.OnPreRender(EventArgs e) at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) Now as lovely as this is I could do with knowing a) the name of the control and b) the value which caused the control to be 'out of range'. Any suggestions about how I could get this sort of information? I've run this in debug mode and the objects passed to Global.asax don't seem to hold any more detail that I can see.

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  • Saving a list of items in Application State ASP.NET MVC ?

    - by Calibre2010
    Hi Guys, I'm having a bit of trouble with knowing how I can save items from a list I have in Application state in the global.asax as- Application[""]. My controller basically takes in some user input, I then pass this to another classes Method as parameters it gets added to a list all the time. This data thats getting added to the list I want to store it, but without using a db. By using Application State. . I have been instantiating this class and calling its method to return the list of items but I dont think Application State is saving it. Here is what I have so far. . protected void Application_Start() { RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); TimeLineInformation t = new TimeLineInformation(); IList<SWTimeEnvInfoDTO> g = t.getInfo(); Application["AppID"] = g; } ^ Global.asax IList<SWTimeEnvInfoDTO> result = new List<SWTimeEnvInfoDTO>(); public void returnTimeLineInfo(string SWrelease, string EnvName, DateTime SDate, DateTime EDate) { SWTimeEnvInfoDTO myDTO = new SWTimeEnvInfoDTO(); myDTO.softwareReleaseName = SWrelease; myDTO.environmentName = EnvName; myDTO.StartDate = SDate; myDTO.EndDate = EDate; result.Add(myDTO); getInfo(); } public IList<SWTimeEnvInfoDTO> getInfo() { return result; } ^ class im calling The SWTimeEnvInfoDTO type has get and set methods for the data. I am calling the application from a View as well. It works with a string Application["AppID"] = "fgt"; and shows this once i read it from my view.

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  • Shows how to use the new Tasks namespace to download multiple documents in parallel.

    In C# 4.0, Task parallelism is the lowest-level approach to parallelization with PFX. The classes for working at this level are defined in the System.Threading.Tasks namespace.  read moreBy Peter BrombergDid you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • How to set robots.txt globally in nginx for all virtual hosts

    - by anup
    I am trying to set robots.txt for all virtual hosts under nginx http server. I was able to do it in Apache by putting the following in main httpd.conf: <Location "/robots.txt"> SetHandler None </Location> Alias /robots.txt /var/www/html/robots.txt I tried doing something similar with nginx by adding the lines given below (a) within nginx.conf and (b) as include conf.d/robots.conf location ^~ /robots.txt { alias /var/www/html/robots.txt; } I have tried with '=' and even put it in one of the virtual host to test it. Nothing seemed to work. What am I missing here? Is there another way to achieve this?

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  • ASP.Net Session_Start event not firing

    - by Jazza
    I have an ASP.Net 2.0 application in which the Session_Start event is not firing in my Global.asax file. Can anyone tell why this is happening and how I can get it working? The application worked fine on my Windows XP development machine, but stopped working when deployed to the server (Win Server 2003/IIS 6/ASP.Net 2.0). I'm not sure if this is relevant, but the server also hosts a SharePoint installation (WSS 3.0) which I know does change some settings at the default web site level.

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  • How to make and use first object in Objective C to store sender tag

    - by dbonneville
    I started with a sample program that simply sets up a UIView with some buttons on it. Works great. I want to access the sender tag from each button and save it. My first thought was to save it to a global variable but I couldn't get it to work right. I thought the best way would be to create an object with one property and synthesize it so I can get or set it as needed. First, I created GlobalGem.h: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface GlobalGem : NSObject { int gemTag; } @property int gemTag; -(void) print; @end Then I created GlobalGem.m: #import "GlobalGem.h" @implementation GlobalGem @synthesize gemTag; -(void) print { NSLog(@"gemTag value is %i", gemTag); } @end The sample code I worked from doesn't do anything I can see in "main" where the program initializes. They just have their methods and are set up to handle IBOutlet actions. I want to use this object in the IBOutlet methods. But I don't know where to create the object. In the viewDidLoad, I tried this: GlobalGem *aGem = [[GlobalGem alloc]init]; [aGem print]; I added reference to the .h file of course. The print method works. In the nslog I get "gemTag value is 0". But now I want to use the instance aGem in some of the IBOutlet actions. For instance, if I put this same method in one of the outlet actions like this: - (IBAction)touchButton:(id)sender { [aGem print]; } ...I get a build error saying that "aGem is undeclared". Yes, I'm new to objective c and am very confused. Is the instance I created, aGem, in the viewDidLoad not accessible outside of that method? How would I create an instance of a Class that I can store a variable value that any of the IBOutlet methods can access? All the buttons need to be able to store their sender tag in the instance aGem and I'm stuck. As I mentioned earlier, I was able to write the sender tag to a global variable I declared in the UIView .h file that came with the program, but I ran into issues using it. Where am I off?

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  • Python: How to make a cross-module variable?

    - by Dan Homerick
    The __debug__ variable is handy in part because it affects every module. If I want to create another variable that works the same way, how would I do it? The variable (let's be original and call it 'foo') doesn't have to be truly global, in the sense that if I change foo in one module, it is updated in others. I'd be fine if I could set foo before importing other modules and then they would see the same value for it.

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  • Python __import__ parameter confusion

    - by CMC
    I'm trying to import a module, while passing some global variables, but it does not seem to work: File test_1: test_2 = __import__("test_2", {"testvar": 1}) File test_2: print testvar This seems like it should work, and print a 1, but I get the following error when I run test_1: Traceback (most recent call last): File ".../test_1.py", line 1, in <module> print testvar NameError: name 'testvar' is not defined What am I doing wrong?

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  • word Application.AddIns.Add throws 'Word cannot open this document template'

    - by Vinay B R
    Hi, I have a template document with a simple macro to insert a file into a document. When i try to load this template file using Application.Addins.Add i am getting an error saying 'Word cannot open this document template'. wordApplication.AddIns.Add( %template file path%, ref trueObj ); This works fine on some machines. Also is there any way to make sure that we load the template file as a global Template always.

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  • Adding nodes dynamically and global_groups in Erlang

    - by ZeissS
    Erlang support to partition its nodes into groups using the global_group module. Further, Erlang supports adding nodes on the fly to the node-network. Are these two features usable with each other? As far as I understand, you have to name every node on startup to use the global groups.

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  • How do I 'globally' catch exceptions thrown in object instances.

    - by SleepyBobos
    I am currently writing a winforms application (C#). I am making use of the Enterprise Library Exception Handling Block, following a fairly standard approach from what I can see. IE : In the Main method of Program.cs I have wired up event handler to Application.ThreadException event etc. This approach works well and handles the applications exceptional circumstances. In one of my business objects I throw various exceptions in the Set accessor of one of the objects properties set { if (value > MaximumTrim) throw new CustomExceptions.InvalidTrimValue("The value of the minimum trim..."); if (!availableSubMasterWidthSatisfiesAllPatterns(value)) throw new CustomExceptions.InvalidTrimValue("Another message..."); _minimumTrim = value; } My logic for this approach (without turning this into a 'when to throw exceptions' discussion) is simply that the business objects are responsible for checking business rule constraints and throwing an exception that can bubble up and be caught as required. It should be noted that in the UI of my application I do explictly check the values that the public property is being set to (and take action there displaying friendly dialog etc) but with throwing the exception I am also covering the situation where my business object may not be used by a UI eg : the Property is being set by another business object for example. Anyway I think you all get the idea. My issue is that these exceptions are not being caught by the handler wired up to Application.ThreadException and I don't understand why. From other reading I have done the Application.ThreadException event and it handler "... catches any exception that occurs on the main GUI thread". Are the exceptions being raised in my business object not in this thread? I have not created any new threads. I can get the approach to work if I update the code as follows, explicity calling the event handler that is wired to Application.ThreadException. This is the approach outlined in Enterprise Library samples. However this approach requires me to wrap any exceptions thrown in a try catch, something I was trying to avoid by using a 'global' handler to start with. try { if (value > MaximumTrim) throw new CustomExceptions.InvalidTrimValue("The value of the minimum..."); if (!availableSubMasterWidthSatisfiesAllPatterns(value)) throw new CustomExceptions.InvalidTrimValue("Another message"); _minimumTrim = value; } catch (Exception ex) { Program.ThreadExceptionHandler.ProcessUnhandledException(ex); } I have also investigated using wiring a handler up to AppDomain.UnhandledException event but this does not catch the exceptions either. I would be good if someone could explain to me why my exceptions are not being caught by my global exception handler in the first code sample. Is there another approach I am missing or am I stuck with wrapping code in try catch, shown above, as required?

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  • Redirect in Application_Error redundant if using customErrors?

    - by Ek0nomik
    If I have a customErrors section in my Web.config that says to redirect to Error.html, then putting code in the Application_Error method in the Global.asax to redirect to Error.html is redundant is it not? Technically, I could bypass the Web.config by redirecting to a different page in the Application_Error method if I wanted to, but since I don't want to go to a separate page I don't think I need the code.

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  • Pass variables between separate instances of ruby (without writing to a text file or database)

    - by boulder_ruby
    Lets say I'm running a long worker-script in one of several open interactive rails consoles. The script is updating columns in a very, very, very large table of records. I've muted the ActiveRecord logger to speed up the process, and instruct the script to output some record of progress so I know how roughly how long the process is going to take. That is what I am currently doing and it would look something like this: ModelName.all.each_with_index do |r, i| puts i if i % 250 ...runs some process... r.save end Sometimes its two nested arrays running, such that there would be multiple iterators and other things running all at once. Is there a way that I could do something like this and access that variable from a separate rails console? (such that the variable would be overwritten every time the process is run without much slowdown) records = ModelName.all $total = records.count records.each_with_index do |r, i| $i = i ...runs some process... r.save end meanwhile mid-process in other console puts "#{($i/$total * 100).round(2)}% complete" #=> 67.43% complete I know passing global variables from one separate instance of ruby to the next doesn't work. I also just tried this to no effect as well unix console 1 $X=5 echo {$X} #=> 5 unix console 2 echo {$X} #=> "" Lastly, I also know using global variables like this is a major software design pattern no-no. I think that's reasonable, but I'd still like to know how to break that rule if I'd like. Writing to a text file obviously would work. So would writing to a separate database table or something. That's not a bad idea. But the really cool trick would be sharing a variable between two instances without writing to a text file or database column. What would this be called anyway? Tunneling? I don't quite know how to tag this question. Maybe bad-idea is one of them. But honestly design-patterns isn't what this question is about.

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  • Diving into OpenStack Network Architecture - Part 2 - Basic Use Cases

    - by Ronen Kofman
      rkofman Normal rkofman 4 138 2014-06-05T03:38:00Z 2014-06-05T05:04:00Z 3 2735 15596 Oracle Corporation 129 36 18295 12.00 Clean Clean false false false false EN-US X-NONE HE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;} In the previous post we reviewed several network components including Open vSwitch, Network Namespaces, Linux Bridges and veth pairs. In this post we will take three simple use cases and see how those basic components come together to create a complete SDN solution in OpenStack. With those three use cases we will review almost the entire network setup and see how all the pieces work together. The use cases we will use are: 1.       Create network – what happens when we create network and how can we create multiple isolated networks 2.       Launch a VM – once we have networks we can launch VMs and connect them to networks. 3.       DHCP request from a VM – OpenStack can automatically assign IP addresses to VMs. This is done through local DHCP service controlled by OpenStack Neutron. We will see how this service runs and how does a DHCP request and response look like. In this post we will show connectivity, we will see how packets get from point A to point B. We first focus on how a configured deployment looks like and only later we will discuss how and when the configuration is created. Personally I found it very valuable to see the actual interfaces and how they connect to each other through examples and hands on experiments. After the end game is clear and we know how the connectivity works, in a later post, we will take a step back and explain how Neutron configures the components to be able to provide such connectivity.  We are going to get pretty technical shortly and I recommend trying these examples on your own deployment or using the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview. Understanding these three use cases thoroughly and how to look at them will be very helpful when trying to debug a deployment in case something does not work. Use case #1: Create Network Create network is a simple operation it can be performed from the GUI or command line. When we create a network in OpenStack the network is only available to the tenant who created it or it could be defined as “shared” and then it can be used by all tenants. A network can have multiple subnets but for this demonstration purpose and for simplicity we will assume that each network has exactly one subnet. Creating a network from the command line will look like this: # neutron net-create net1 Created a new network: +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field                     | Value                                | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up            | True                                 | | id                        | 5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c | | name                      | net1                                 | | provider:network_type     | vlan                                 | | provider:physical_network | default                              | | provider:segmentation_id  | 1000                                 | | shared                    | False                                | | status                    | ACTIVE                               | | subnets                   |                                      | | tenant_id                 | 9796e5145ee546508939cd49ad59d51f     | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ Creating a subnet for this network will look like this: # neutron subnet-create net1 10.10.10.0/24 Created a new subnet: +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Field            | Value                                          | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | {"start": "10.10.10.2", "end": "10.10.10.254"} | | cidr             | 10.10.10.0/24                                  | | dns_nameservers  |                                                | | enable_dhcp      | True                                           | | gateway_ip       | 10.10.10.1                                     | | host_routes      |                                                | | id               | 2d7a0a58-0674-439a-ad23-d6471aaae9bc           | | ip_version       | 4                                              | | name             |                                                | | network_id       | 5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c           | | tenant_id        | 9796e5145ee546508939cd49ad59d51f               | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ We now have a network and a subnet, on the network topology view this looks like this: Now let’s dive in and see what happened under the hood. Looking at the control node we will discover that a new namespace was created: # ip netns list qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c   The name of the namespace is qdhcp-<network id> (see above), let’s look into the namespace and see what’s in it: # ip netns exec qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo     inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 12: tap26c9b807-7c: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN     link/ether fa:16:3e:1d:5c:81 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 10.10.10.3/24 brd 10.10.10.255 scope global tap26c9b807-7c     inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe1d:5c81/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever   We see two interfaces in the namespace, one is the loopback and the other one is an interface called “tap26c9b807-7c”. This interface has the IP address of 10.10.10.3 and it will also serve dhcp requests in a way we will see later. Let’s trace the connectivity of the “tap26c9b807-7c” interface from the namespace.  First stop is OVS, we see that the interface connects to bridge  “br-int” on OVS: # ovs-vsctl show 8a069c7c-ea05-4375-93e2-b9fc9e4b3ca1     Bridge "br-eth2"         Port "br-eth2"             Interface "br-eth2"                 type: internal         Port "eth2"             Interface "eth2"         Port "phy-br-eth2"             Interface "phy-br-eth2"     Bridge br-ex         Port br-ex             Interface br-ex                 type: internal     Bridge br-int         Port "int-br-eth2"             Interface "int-br-eth2"         Port "tap26c9b807-7c"             tag: 1             Interface "tap26c9b807-7c"                 type: internal         Port br-int             Interface br-int                 type: internal     ovs_version: "1.11.0"   In the picture above we have a veth pair which has two ends called “int-br-eth2” and "phy-br-eth2", this veth pair is used to connect two bridge in OVS "br-eth2" and "br-int". In the previous post we explained how to check the veth connectivity using the ethtool command. It shows that the two are indeed a pair: # ethtool -S int-br-eth2 NIC statistics:      peer_ifindex: 10 . .   #ip link . . 10: phy-br-eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 . . Note that “phy-br-eth2” is connected to a bridge called "br-eth2" and one of this bridge's interfaces is the physical link eth2. This means that the network which we have just created has created a namespace which is connected to the physical interface eth2. eth2 is the “VM network” the physical interface where all the virtual machines connect to where all the VMs are connected. About network isolation: OpenStack supports creation of multiple isolated networks and can use several mechanisms to isolate the networks from one another. The isolation mechanism can be VLANs, VxLANs or GRE tunnels, this is configured as part of the initial setup in our deployment we use VLANs. When using VLAN tagging as an isolation mechanism a VLAN tag is allocated by Neutron from a pre-defined VLAN tags pool and assigned to the newly created network. By provisioning VLAN tags to the networks Neutron allows creation of multiple isolated networks on the same physical link.  The big difference between this and other platforms is that the user does not have to deal with allocating and managing VLANs to networks. The VLAN allocation and provisioning is handled by Neutron which keeps track of the VLAN tags, and responsible for allocating and reclaiming VLAN tags. In the example above net1 has the VLAN tag 1000, this means that whenever a VM is created and connected to this network the packets from that VM will have to be tagged with VLAN tag 1000 to go on this particular network. This is true for namespace as well, if we would like to connect a namespace to a particular network we have to make sure that the packets to and from the namespace are correctly tagged when they reach the VM network. In the example above we see that the namespace interface “tap26c9b807-7c” has vlan tag 1 assigned to it, if we examine OVS we see that it has flows which modify VLAN tag 1 to VLAN tag 1000 when a packet goes to the VM network on eth2 and vice versa. We can see this using the dump-flows command on OVS for packets going to the VM network we see the modification done on br-eth2: #  ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-eth2 NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4):  cookie=0x0, duration=18669.401s, table=0, n_packets=857, n_bytes=163350, idle_age=25, priority=4,in_port=2,dl_vlan=1 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1000,NORMAL  cookie=0x0, duration=165108.226s, table=0, n_packets=14, n_bytes=1000, idle_age=5343, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=2 actions=drop  cookie=0x0, duration=165109.813s, table=0, n_packets=1671, n_bytes=213304, idle_age=25, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL   For packets coming from the interface to the namespace we see the following modification: #  ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-int NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4):  cookie=0x0, duration=18690.876s, table=0, n_packets=1610, n_bytes=210752, idle_age=1, priority=3,in_port=1,dl_vlan=1000 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1,NORMAL  cookie=0x0, duration=165130.01s, table=0, n_packets=75, n_bytes=3686, idle_age=4212, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=1 actions=drop  cookie=0x0, duration=165131.96s, table=0, n_packets=863, n_bytes=160727, idle_age=1, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL   To summarize we can see that when a user creates a network Neutron creates a namespace and this namespace is connected through OVS to the “VM network”. OVS also takes care of tagging the packets from the namespace to the VM network with the correct VLAN tag and knows to modify the VLAN for packets coming from VM network to the namespace. Now let’s see what happens when a VM is launched and how it is connected to the “VM network”. Use case #2: Launch a VM Launching a VM can be done from Horizon or from the command line this is how we do it from Horizon: Attach the network: And Launch Once the virtual machine is up and running we can see the associated IP using the nova list command : # nova list +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ | ID                                   | Name         | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks        | +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ | 3707ac87-4f5d-4349-b7ed-3a673f55e5e1 | Oracle Linux | ACTIVE | None       | Running     | net1=10.10.10.2 | +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ The nova list command shows us that the VM is running and that the IP 10.10.10.2 is assigned to this VM. Let’s trace the connectivity from the VM to VM network on eth2 starting with the VM definition file. The configuration files of the VM including the virtual disk(s), in case of ephemeral storage, are stored on the compute node at/var/lib/nova/instances/<instance-id>/. Looking into the VM definition file ,libvirt.xml,  we see that the VM is connected to an interface called “tap53903a95-82” which is connected to a Linux bridge called “qbr53903a95-82”: <interface type="bridge">       <mac address="fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87"/>       <source bridge="qbr53903a95-82"/>       <target dev="tap53903a95-82"/>     </interface>   Looking at the bridge using the brctl show command we see this: # brctl show bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces qbr53903a95-82          8000.7e7f3282b836       no              qvb53903a95-82                                                         tap53903a95-82    The bridge has two interfaces, one connected to the VM (“tap53903a95-82 “) and another one ( “qvb53903a95-82”) connected to “br-int” bridge on OVS: # ovs-vsctl show 83c42f80-77e9-46c8-8560-7697d76de51c     Bridge "br-eth2"         Port "br-eth2"             Interface "br-eth2"                 type: internal         Port "eth2"             Interface "eth2"         Port "phy-br-eth2"             Interface "phy-br-eth2"     Bridge br-int         Port br-int             Interface br-int                 type: internal         Port "int-br-eth2"             Interface "int-br-eth2"         Port "qvo53903a95-82"             tag: 3             Interface "qvo53903a95-82"     ovs_version: "1.11.0"   As we showed earlier “br-int” is connected to “br-eth2” on OVS using the veth pair int-br-eth2,phy-br-eth2 and br-eth2 is connected to the physical interface eth2. The whole flow end to end looks like this: VM è tap53903a95-82 (virtual interface)è qbr53903a95-82 (Linux bridge) è qvb53903a95-82 (interface connected from Linux bridge to OVS bridge br-int) è int-br-eth2 (veth one end) è phy-br-eth2 (veth the other end) è eth2 physical interface. The purpose of the Linux Bridge connecting to the VM is to allow security group enforcement with iptables. Security groups are enforced at the edge point which are the interface of the VM, since iptables nnot be applied to OVS bridges we use Linux bridge to apply them. In the future we hope to see this Linux Bridge going away rules.  VLAN tags: As we discussed in the first use case net1 is using VLAN tag 1000, looking at OVS above we see that qvo41f1ebcf-7c is tagged with VLAN tag 3. The modification from VLAN tag 3 to 1000 as we go to the physical network is done by OVS  as part of the packet flow of br-eth2 in the same way we showed before. To summarize, when a VM is launched it is connected to the VM network through a chain of elements as described here. During the packet from VM to the network and back the VLAN tag is modified. Use case #3: Serving a DHCP request coming from the virtual machine In the previous use cases we have shown that both the namespace called dhcp-<some id> and the VM end up connecting to the physical interface eth2  on their respective nodes, both will tag their packets with VLAN tag 1000.We saw that the namespace has an interface with IP of 10.10.10.3. Since the VM and the namespace are connected to each other and have interfaces on the same subnet they can ping each other, in this picture we see a ping from the VM which was assigned 10.10.10.2 to the namespace: The fact that they are connected and can ping each other can become very handy when something doesn’t work right and we need to isolate the problem. In such case knowing that we should be able to ping from the VM to the namespace and back can be used to trace the disconnect using tcpdump or other monitoring tools. To serve DHCP requests coming from VMs on the network Neutron uses a Linux tool called “dnsmasq”,this is a lightweight DNS and DHCP service you can read more about it here. If we look at the dnsmasq on the control node with the ps command we see this: dnsmasq --no-hosts --no-resolv --strict-order --bind-interfaces --interface=tap26c9b807-7c --except-interface=lo --pid-file=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/pid --dhcp-hostsfile=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/host --dhcp-optsfile=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/opts --leasefile-ro --dhcp-range=tag0,10.10.10.0,static,120s --dhcp-lease-max=256 --conf-file= --domain=openstacklocal The service connects to the tap interface in the namespace (“--interface=tap26c9b807-7c”), If we look at the hosts file we see this: # cat  /var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/host fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87,host-10-10-10-2.openstacklocal,10.10.10.2   If you look at the console output above you can see the MAC address fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87 which is the VM MAC. This MAC address is mapped to IP 10.10.10.2 and so when a DHCP request comes with this MAC dnsmasq will return the 10.10.10.2.If we look into the namespace at the time we initiate a DHCP request from the VM (this can be done by simply restarting the network service in the VM) we see the following: # ip netns exec qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c tcpdump -n 19:27:12.191280 IP 0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87, length 310 19:27:12.191666 IP 10.10.10.3.bootps > 10.10.10.2.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 325   To summarize, the DHCP service is handled by dnsmasq which is configured by Neutron to listen to the interface in the DHCP namespace. Neutron also configures dnsmasq with the combination of MAC and IP so when a DHCP request comes along it will receive the assigned IP. Summary In this post we relied on the components described in the previous post and saw how network connectivity is achieved using three simple use cases. These use cases gave a good view of the entire network stack and helped understand how an end to end connection is being made between a VM on a compute node and the DHCP namespace on the control node. One conclusion we can draw from what we saw here is that if we launch a VM and it is able to perform a DHCP request and receive a correct IP then there is reason to believe that the network is working as expected. We saw that a packet has to travel through a long list of components before reaching its destination and if it has done so successfully this means that many components are functioning properly. In the next post we will look at some more sophisticated services Neutron supports and see how they work. We will see that while there are some more components involved for the most part the concepts are the same. @RonenKofman

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  • Server.Transfer("error_404.aspx") in Application_Error returns a blank page

    - by qntmfred
    I look for HttpExceptions in the Application_Error sub of my global.asx Sub Application_Error(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Dim ex As Exception = HttpContext.Current.Server.GetLastError() If ex IsNot Nothing Then If TypeOf (ex) Is HttpUnhandledException Then If ex.InnerException Is Nothing Then Server.Transfer("error.aspx", False) End If ex = ex.InnerException End If If TypeOf (ex) Is HttpException Then Dim httpCode As Integer = CType(ex, HttpException).GetHttpCode() If httpCode = 404 Then Server.ClearError() Server.Transfer("error_404.aspx", False) End If End If End If End Sub I can step through this code and confirm it does hit the Server.Transfer("error_404.aspx"), as well as the Page_Load of error_404.aspx, but all it shows is a blank page.

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  • Access variables from a number of sources

    - by mac_55
    I'm creating my first game, and I've currently set up a 'GameState' class, to store player health etc. inside. This class is currently instantiated from the AppDelegate as I need to access it from all over my game. This is fine. For each class I'm working in, I can access the app delegate, and then find the GameState object... however, it seems very messy. I'm tempted to find a way (I'm still a newbie) to define the GameState instance as being some sort of global variable so that I can access it from all over with ease... but my little bit of reading on variable scope makes me uneasy about doing this, even if I knew how. Any ideas of the best way to define and access this class? It'll be used for everything from player health, to items they've found, any personalisation etc. Thanks!

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  • Objective-C : enum like Java (int values and many others for each enum)

    - by Oliver
    In Java, you can make an enum having multiples values. In objective-C, this cannot be done easily. I've read many pages about this but I didn't found anything satisfying that would allow me to use enums by a simple way and to keep the enum declaration and their different values in the same file. I would like to write something like this in a enums.h : // ======================================== typedef enum {eRED, eGREEN, eBLUE} ColorEnum; int colorValues[] = { 0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF }; NSArray *colorNames = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Red color", @"light green", @"Deep blue", nil]; // ======================================== and be able to use thoses global variables to manage my stuff anywhere like : int color = colorValues[eRED]; But I don't know how to write this. I have compile errors like "ColorValues" is defines many times. Or if I just use "static", I have many "ColorValues" not used in .m file... Could you help me ?

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  • INSERT INTO temporary table from sp_executsql

    - by gotqn
    Generally, I am bulding dynamic SQL statement that is executing using sp_executsql like this: EXEC sp_executesql @TempSQLStatement I need to insert the return result row set in something (table variable or temporary table), but I am getting the following error: Msg 208, Level 16, State 0, Line 1746 Invalid object name '#TempTable'. after executing this: INSERT INTO #TempTable EXEC sp_executesql @TempSQLStatement From what I have read, I believe the issue is caused because I am not specifying the columns of the temporary table, but I am not able to do this because the return columns count varies. I have read that I can use global temporary tables, but I have done this before and wonder is there an other way to do that.

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  • Python How to make a cross-module function?

    - by Evan
    I want to be able to call a global function from an imported class, for example In file PetStore.py class AnimalSound(object): def __init__(self): if 'makenoise' in globals(): self.makenoise = globals()['makenoise'] else: self.makenoise = lambda: 'meow' def __str__(self): return self.makenoise() Then when I test in the Python Interpreter >>> def makenoise(): ... return 'bark' ... >>> from PetStore import AnimalSound >>> sound = AnimalSound() >>> sound.makenoise() 'meow' I get a 'meow' instead of 'bark'. I have tried using the solutions provided in python-how-to-make-a-cross-module-variable with no luck.

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  • PHP How to access constant defined outside class?

    - by Ashley Ward
    I have defined some constants eg: define('DB_HOSTNAME', 'localhost', true); define('DB_USERNAME', 'root', true); define('DB_PASSWORD', 'root', true); define('DB_DATABASE', 'authtest', true); now when I try to do this: class Auth{ function AuthClass() { $this->db_link = mysql_connect(DB_HOSTNAME, DB_USERNAME, DB_PASSWORD) or die(mysql_error()); } } I get an error. Why is this and what do I need to do? See, I've tried using (for example) global DB_HOSTNAME but this fails with an error.

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  • JavaScript's Associative Array / Object can't be read in functions

    - by Matrym
    At the very beginning of the javascript file, I have: var lbp = {}; lbp.defaults = { minLength: 40 }; I can successfully alert it afterwards, with: alert(lbp.defaults.minLength); But as soon as I put it inside a function, when I alert, I get "Undefined". What gives, and how do I avoid this? Is it absolutely necessary to pass this variable into each function, for example, by doing: function(lbp) { alert(lbp.defaults.minLength); } I would have thought that defining it first, it would attain global scope and not be required to be passed in? Thanks in advance for enlightening me :)

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  • ViewState Vs Session ... maintaining object through page lifecycle

    - by Kyle
    Can someone please explain the difference between ViewState and Session? More specifically, I'd like to know the best way to keep an object available (continuously setting members through postbacks) throughout the lifecycle of my page. I currently use Sessions to do this, but I'm not sure if it's the best way. For example: SearchObject searchObject; protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if(!IsPostBack) { searchObject = new SearchObject(); Session["searchObject"] = searchObject; } else { searchObject = (SearchObject)Session["searchObject"]; } } that allows me to use my searchObject anywhere else on my page but it's kind of cumbersome as I have to reset my session var if I change any properties etc. I'm thinking there must be a better way to do this so that .NET doesn't re-instantiate the object each time the page loads, but also puts it in the global scope of the Page class? Please advise. TIA

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  • Problem with httpContext.RewritePath on IIS 7

    - by PNR
    I am using httpContext.RewritePath in Global.asax for som URLrewriting, and it works very well in my development environment on the Cassini server. But when I copy it to the production server, witch is a IIS 7 it isn't working. I have also tried to use Context.Server.TransferRequest but thne I get the error: "This operation requires IIS integrated pipeline mode." on both Cassini and IIS 7, and on IIS 7 the website is running in "Integreret" mode in the AppPool. I rewrite all urls on the website like /[The main menuname]/[pagename].aspx fx from /web/thesite.aspx?mainmenu=manager to /manager/thesite.aspx OR /web/theOtherSite.aspx?mainmenu=about to /about/theOtherSite.aspx And so on... Thanks very much in advance!

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