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  • SEO FAQ For Small Business 7 of 10 - How Long For SEO Results? (SEO Results Time Frame)

    The hours and effort needed to increase the visibility of your small business website depend greatly on your marketing plan and which keyword you're going after. A year-long optimization campaign is not unheard of for a large site. If your site is less than three or four months old, or the domain is expiring in less than a year, you may have issues with high rank despite your best efforts as these are 'red flags' to the search engines.

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  • SEO Copywriting - Embracing Google's Mayday Update

    SEO copywriting has changed dramatically over the past two or three years. Then, it was all meta tags and keyword density. Now, SEO copywriting is more about quality inbound links and useful content that reads smoothly. Google's 2010 Mayday algorithm update also emphasises quality content at the expense of 'long-tail keywords' whose demise is spelt in a single, simple term: 'irrelevance'.

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  • The Basics of Search Engine Optimization

    What is search engine optimization? Search engine optimization or 'SEO' for short is method of using keywords or phrases of keywords that are targeted for your site helping it to rank high in the search engine results. What this means is that when someone types a keyword or phrase that you have chosen to target your site should come out on top if done right.

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  • Working on Primary Keywords

    Keyword optimization can be considered as one of the most important ways to increase a site's ranking. A higher rank is somewhat tantamount to the number of sales made. Thus, these are crucial.

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  • Hiring a Professional SEO Content Writer

    Content writing is the process of developing a content using the relevant & targeted keyword of the page. If you being optimize with SEO friendly content, it is very sure that the website is going to rank well and retain to that position for longer and also can create a soft impact in the mind of the readers.

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  • How to Increase Traffic to Websites by Using Keywords

    Keywords play an important role in order to increase traffic to websites. Every page on the Internet is indexed with some keywords and the search engines check the Internet pages with the keyword that you would have entered to search for any particular data or article data.

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  • Qualities to Look For in an SEO Company

    A good SEO company will use the latest findings about ranking algorithms, will monitor positions for optimized pages and will also be able to show some results. But any SEO company should start with keyword research and good quality content. This is a prerequisite for high ranking.

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  • When it Comes to SEO, Length Matters

    Search engine optimizing your website can sometimes seem counter-intuitive. The common misconception is to try and associate every potential keyword with your website. Wrong! It's not about quantity, it's about quality long tail phrases. Here's what you need to know.

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  • Will RSS Benefit My SEO?

    We continue with the back to basics guide. This week takes a look at how a news feed regularly updated with keyword rich content will greatly benefit your SEO campaign.

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  • The Essentials of Good SEO Techniques

    SEO are website applications which help to increase traffic to a person's website. For the SEO to work effectively there are a few techniques which it needs and some of them are: domain and file names, this is the name of your site, it should be easy to remember, pronounce and spell and should have words from your primary keyword phrase.

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  • SEO Always Necessary Or Not Really?

    SEO or Search Engine Optimization is a tactic used by companies and advertisers to get a website at the top of search engine results pages. The beauty of this tactic is that the results are more sustainable than almost any other form of advertising. In other words once a website has attained a top position on a search engine for a given keyword, the website will remain there or there about for time to come.

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  • How an SEO Company Optimizes a Business

    Search engine optimization or SEO enhances a business by generating traffic on a web site. Increased traffic is generated when a website is displayed at the very beginning of search results when a keyword/s is entered into a search engine, like Google.

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  • Kinds of Keywords

    One of the most important element in your blog or website is keyword. With proper use, this element will surely put you in higher rankings and it will surely generate more traffic. But before anything else, let's take a look at the two kinds of keywords.

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  • JPA 2?EJB 3.1?JSF 2????????! WebLogic Server 12c?????????Java EE 6??????|WebLogic Channel|??????

    - by ???02
    2012?2???????????????WebLogic Server 12c?????????Java EE 6?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Enterprise Pack for Eclipse 12c??WebLogic Server 12c(???)????Java EE 6??????3??????????????????????????????JPA 2.0??????????·?????????EJB 3.1???????·???????????????(???)???????O/R?????????????JPA 2.0　Java EE 6????????????????????Web?????????????3?????(3????)???????·????????????·????????????????????????????????JPA(Java Persistence API) 2.0???EJB(Enterprise JavaBeans) 3.1???JSF(JavaServer Faces) 2.0????3????????????????·???????????JPA??Java??????????????·?????????????O/R?????????????????????·???????????EJB?Session Bean??????????????????·??????????????????????JSF???????????????????????????????????????　??????JPA????Oracle Database??EMPLOYEES?????Java??????????????????????Entity Bean??????XML?????????????????????????XML????????????????????????????????????????????????????·?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Java EE 6??????JPA 2.0??????????·????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????　?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Enterprise Pack for Eclipse(OEPE)??????File????????New?-?Other???????　??????New??????????????????????????Web?-?Dynamic Web Project???????Next????????????????Dynamic Web Project?????????????Project name????OOW???????????Target Runtime????New Runtime?????????　???New Server Runtime Environment???????????????Oracle?-?Oracle WebLogic Server 12c(12.1.1)???????Next???????????????????????????WebLogic home????C:\Oracle\Middleware\wlserver_12.1???????Finish?????????????WebLogic Home????????????????????????Java home?????????????????????Finish??????????????????????Dynamic Web Project????????????????Finish??????????????????JPA 2.0??????????·??????　???????????????JPA 2.0???????????????·??????????????????Eclipse??Project Explorer?(??????·???)?????????OOW?????????????????????????????·???????????????Properties?????????????????·???·????????????????????????????Project Facets?????????????JPA??????(?????????????Details?????JPA 2.0?????????????????????)???????????????????Further configuration available?????????　???Modify Faceted Project??????????????????????????????????Connection????????????????????????????Add Connection?????????　??????New Connection Profile????????????????Connection Profile Type????Oracle Database Connection??????Next????????????　???Specify a Driver and Connection Details???????Drivers????Oracle Database 10g Driver Default???????????Properties?????????????????????SIDxeHostlocalhostPort number1521User nameHRPasswordhr　???????????Test Connection??????????????????Ping Succeeded!?????????????????????????????Finish???????????Modify Faceted Project????????OK????????????????Properties for OOW????????OK??????????????????　?????????Eclipse????????????????OOW?????????????????·???????????????JPA Tools?-?Generate Entities from Tables...???????　????Generate Custom Entities???????????????????????????????Schema????HR??????Tables????EMPLOYEES???????????Next????????????　???????????Next???????????Customize Default Entity Generation??????Package????model???????Finish?????????????JPQL??????????　?????????Oracle Database??EMPLOYEES??????????????????·????model.Employee.java?????????????????????????????????·?????OOW????Java Resources?-?src?-?model???????Employee.java????????????????????????????????·???Employee????(Employee.java)?package model; import java.io.Serializable; import java.math.BigDecimal; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Set; import javax.persistence.Column;<...?...>/**  * The persistent class for the EMPLOYEES database table.  *  */ @Entity  // ?@Table(name="EMPLOYEES")  // ?// Apublic class Employee implements Serializable { 　　　　　　　private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 　　　　　　@Id  // ?　　　　　　　@Column(name="EMPLOYEE_ID") 　　　　　　　private long employeeId; 　　　　　　　@Column(name="COMMISSION_PCT") 　　　　　　　private BigDecimal commissionPct; 　　　　　　　@Column(name="DEPARTMENT_ID") 　　　　　　　private BigDecimal departmentId; 　　　　　　　private String email; 　　　　　　　@Column(name="FIRST_NAME") 　　　　　　　private String firstName; 　　　　　　@Temporal( TemporalType.DATE)  //?　　　　　　　@Column(name="HIRE_DATE") 　　　　　　　private Date hireDate; 　　　　　　　@Column(name="JOB_ID") 　　　　　　　private String jobId; 　　　　　　　@Column(name="LAST_NAME") 　　　　　　　private String lastName; 　　　　　　　@Column(name="PHONE_NUMBER") 　　　　　　　private String phoneNumber; 　　　　　　　private BigDecimal salary; 　　　　　　　//bi-directional many-to-one association to Employee<...?...>} 　???????????????·???????????????????????????????????????????@Table(name="")??????@Table???????????????????????????????????????　?????????????????????????????????????·????????????????　?????????????????????????????SQL?Data??????????　???????????????A?????JPA?????????JPQL(Java Persistence Query Language)?????????????JPQL?????SQL???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Employee.selectByNameEmployee??firstName????????????????????employeeId?????????　?????????????????????import java.util.Date;import java.util.Set;import javax.persistence.Column;<...?...>/**  * The persistent class for the EMPLOYEES database table.  *  */ @Entity  // ?@Table(name="EMPLOYEES")  // ?@NamedQueries({　　　　　　　@NamedQuery(name="Employee.selectByName" , query="select e from Employee e where e.firstName like :name order by e.employeeId")})<...?...>　?????????·??????OOW?-?JPA Content?-?persistent.xml??????Connection???????????????Database????JTA data source:???jdbc/test????????????????????????Java EE 6??????JPA 2.0???????????????????????????????????·??????????????????????????????????????SQL????????????????????????·????????????·??????????????XML??????????????????1??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????EJB 3.1????????·???????????EJB 3.1????????·?????????????????EJB 3.1?Stateless Session Bean?????·????????????????·???????????????????·???????????????????　EJB3.1?????JPA 2.0???????????·???????????????????????XML???????????????????????????????EJB 3.1?????????·????EJB??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????　????????EJB 3.1?Session Bean?????·????????????????????????????????????????????????????public List<Employee> getEmp(String keyword)firstName????????????Employee??????　????????????????????·???????????OOW????????????·???????????????New?-?Other???????????????????????????????????EJB?-?Session Bean(EJB 3.x)??????NEXT????????????????????Create EJB 3.x Session Bean?????????????Java Package????ejb???class name????EmpLogic???????????State Type????Stateless?????????No-interface???????????????????????Finish????????????　?????????Stateless Session Bean??????·?????EmpLogic.java????????????????????EmpLogic????·????????EJB?????????????Stateless Session Bean?????????@Stateless?????????????????????????????????????EmpLogic????(EmpLogic.java)?package ejb;import javax.ejb.LocalBean;import javax.ejb.Stateless;<...?...>import model.Employee;@Stateless@LocalBeanpublic class EmpLogic {　　　　　　　public EmpLogic() {　　　　　　　}}　??????????????????????????????????????·???????????????????????import??????????????????EmpLogic??????????????????????????·???????????????????????import????????(EmpLogic.java)?package ejb;import javax.ejb.LocalBean;import javax.ejb.Stateless;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;  // ?import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;  // ?<...?...>import model.Employee;@Stateless@LocalBeanpublic class EmpLogic {　　　　　　@PersistenceContext(unitName = "OOW")  // ?　　　　　　private EntityManager em;  // ?　　　　　　　public EmpLogic() {　　　　　　　}}　?????????·???????JPA???????????????????·????????????????????????????CRUD???????????????????·????????????EntityManager???????????????????????????1????????????????·???????????????????????@PersistenceContext?????unitName?????????????persistence.xml????persistence-unit???name??????????????　???????EmpLogic?????·???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????EmpLogic????????·???????(EmpLogic.java)?package ejb;import java.util.List;  // ? import javax.ejb.LocalBean;import javax.ejb.Stateless;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;  // ? import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;  // ? <...?...>import model.Employee;@Stateless@LocalBeanpublic class EmpLogic {　　　　　　　@PersistenceContext(unitName = "OOW")  // ? 　　　　　　　private EntityManager em;  // ? 　　　　　　　public EmpLogic() {　　　　　　　}　　　　　　@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")  // ?　　　　　　public List<Employee> getEmp(String keyword) {  // ?　　　　　　　　　　　　　StringBuilder param = new StringBuilder();  // ?　　　　　　　　　　　　　param.append("%");  // ?　　　　　　　　　　　　　param.append(keyword);  // ?　　　　　　　　　　　　　param.append("%");  // ?　　　　　　　　　　　　　return em.createNamedQuery("Employee.selectByName")  // ?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.setParameter("name", param.toString()).getResultList();  // ?　　　　　　}}　???EJB 3.1???Stateless Session Bean??????????　???JSF 2.0???????????????????????????????????????????????????JAX-RS????RESTful?Web??????????????????????

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  • What's the difference between Host and HostName in SSH Config?

    - by Bill Jobs
    The man page says this: Host Host Restricts the following declarations (up to the next Host keyword) to be only for those hosts that match one of the patterns given after the keyword. If more than one pattern is provided, they should be separated by whitespace. A single `*' as a pattern can be used to provide global defaults for all hosts. The host is the hostname argument given on the command line (i.e. the name is not converted to a canonicalized host name before matching). A pattern entry may be negated by prefixing it with an exclamation mark (`!'). If a negated entry is matched, then the Host entry is ignored, regardless of whether any other patterns on the line match. Negated matches are therefore useful to provide exceptions for wildcard matches. See PATTERNS for more information on patterns. HostName HostName Specifies the real host name to log into. This can be used to specify nicknames or abbreviations for hosts. If the hostname contains the character sequence `%h', then this will be replaced with the host name specified on the command line (this is useful for manipulating unqualified names). The default is the name given on the com- mand line. Numeric IP addresses are also permitted (both on the command line and in HostName specifications). For example, when I want to create an SSH Config for GitHub, what should Host and HostName be respectively?

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  • How can I get an AdWords ad to show up for a specific term ASAP?

    - by Eric
    I have a very specific situation... I have a client who has a site, backed by a celebrity, selling a comment product.... so imagine my site is all about "Martha Stewart used cars" (that's not it-- but you get the idea). My client wants to see their site show up ASAP in Google search results. While I'm waiting for organic search to kick in and recognize my site, index it properly, etc, I want to buy some adwords for keywords like "Martha Stewart used cars" and "Martha Stewart used car" and so forth and have the ads show up on the 1st page of search results. I've done this. The problem is that many, many other advertisers have set up ads on the keyword "used cars" so my Martha-specific ads never are shown. Even when I bid specifically on the keyword phrase "Martha Stewart used cars" and I enter that directly into Google, it doesn't show my ad. SO MY QUESTION.... how/what can I do to get my ads to show... or really, can I do anything else to get my client's site to show on the result page? (I'm not interested in anything black-hat or illegal; I'm just trying to throw some resources at this situation so when those folks looking SPECIFICALLY for "Martha Stewart used cars" will get to the site quickly.) thanks-- Eric

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  • Unexpected behaviour in a Lotus Notes programmable table

    - by Mark B
    I'm designing a workflow database in Lotus Notes 6.0.3 (soon upgrading to 8.5), and my OS is Windows XP. I have recently tried converting a tabbed table into a programmable one. This was so that I could control which tab was displayed to the user when it was opened, so that they were presented with the most appropriate one for that document's progress through the workflow. That part of it works! One of the tabs features a radio button that controls visibility of the next tab, and a pair of cascading dialogue boxes. One contains the static list "Person":"Team", and the other has a formula based on the first: view:=@If(PeerReview = "Team"; "GroupNames"; "GroupMembers"); @Unique(@DbColumn(""; ""; view; 1)) The dialogue boxes have the property "Refresh fields on keyword change" selected. The behaviour that I wasn't expecting is this. If the radio button is set to "Yes" and a value is selected in one of the dialogue boxes, the table opens the next tab. If the radio button is set to "No" and a value is selected in one of the dialogue boxes, the entire table is hidden. I can duplicate the latter by switching off the "Refresh fields on keyword change" property on the dialogue boxes and instead pressing F9 after selecting a value. I have no idea why the former occurs, though. The table is called "RFCInfo", and I have a field on the form called "$RFCInfo" which is editable, hidden from all users who aren't me and initially set by a Postopen script, which I can post if necessary - it's essentially a Select Case statement that looks at a particular item value and returns the name of the table row relating to that value. Can anyone offer any pointers?

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  • Subscript out of range error in VBScript script

    - by user3912
    I'm trying to move my entire User folder in Windows Vista to a non-system partition. To do so with a minimum hassle I'm following the directions provided at Ben's Blog, specifically the VBScript he provides. However executing the script throws up an error which I can't resolve myself. Here's the VBScript code followed by the text file it works from, and finally my error message. How do I correct the problem? VBScript Code: '# Perform dir /a c:\users > c:\dir.txt '# place this script file in c:\ too '# double click to run it '# run resulting script.bat from recovery mode repprefix = " Directory of..." ' Modify to your language sourcedrive = "C:\" targetdrive = "D:\" altsourcedrive = "C:\" 'leave same as target drive unless otherwise indicated alttargetdrive = "E:\" 'leave same as target drive unless otherwise indicated inname = "dir.txt" outname = "script.bat" userroot = "Users" set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") ' construct batch commands for saving rights, then link, the recreating rights Function GetCommand(curroot, line, typ, keyword) ' first need to get source and target pos = Instr(line, keyword) + Len(keyword) tuple = Trim(Mid(line, pos)) arr = Split(tuple, "[") oldtarget = Replace(arr(1), "]", "") oldlink = curroot & "\" & Trim(arr(0)) ' need to determine if we are pointing back to old disk newlink = replace(oldlink, sourcedrive, targetdrive) if(Instr(oldtarget, sourcedrive & userroot)) then newtarget = Replace(oldtarget, sourcedrive, targetdrive) else newtarget = oldtarget ' still pointing to original target end if ' comment out = "echo " & newlink & " --- " & newtarget & vbCrLf ' save permissions out = out & "icacls """ & replace(oldlink, sourcedrive, altsourcedrive) & """ /L /save " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf ' create link newlink = replace(newlink, targetdrive, alttargetdrive) if typ = "junction" then out = out & "mklink /j """ & newlink & """ """ & newtarget & """" & vbCrLf else ' typ = "symlink" out = out & "mklink /d """ & newlink & """ """ & newtarget & """" & vbCrLf end if 'set hidden attribute out = out & "attrib +h """ & newlink & """ /L" & vbCrLf ' apply permissions shortlink = Left(newlink, InstrRev(newlink, "\") - 1) 'icacls works strangely - non-orthogonal for restore out = out & "icacls """ & shortlink & """ /L /restore " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf GetCommand = out & vbCrLf End Function Sub WriteToFile(file, text) ForWriting = 2 Create = true set outfile = fso.OpenTextFile(file, ForWriting, Create) Call outfile.Write(text) Call outfile.Close() End Sub outtext = "ROBOCOPY " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " " & alttargetdrive & userroot & " /E /COPYALL /XJ" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf set intext = fso.OpenTextFile(inname) while not intext.AtEndOfStream line = intext.ReadLine() if Instr(line, repprefix) then curroot = Replace(line, repprefix, "") elseif Instr(line, juncname) then outtext = outtext & GetCommand(curroot, line, "junction", juncname) elseif Instr(line, linkname) then outtext = outtext & GetCommand(curroot, line, "symlink", linkname) end if Wend outtext = outtext & "icacls " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " /L /save " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "ren " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " _" & userroot & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "mklink /j " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " " & targetdrive & userroot & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "icacls " & altsourcedrive & " /L /restore " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" Call intext.Close() Call WriteToFile(outname, outtext) MsgBox("Done writing to " & outname) dir.txt: Volume in drive C is ACER Volume Serial Number is 08D7-C0CC Directory of c:\users 07/16/2009 12:29 PM {DIR} . 07/16/2009 12:29 PM {DIR} .. 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {SYMLINKD} All Users [C:\ProgramData] 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {DIR} Default 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {JUNCTION} Default User [C:\Users\Default] 08/21/2008 08:37 AM 174 desktop.ini 11/02/2006 08:50 AM {DIR} Public 07/19/2009 08:54 PM {DIR} Steve 1 File(s) 174 bytes 7 Dir(s) 5,679,947,776 bytes free Error Message: Windows Script Host Script: C:\user location.vbs Line: 25 Char: 2 Error: Subscript out of range: '[number: 1]' Code: 800A0009 Source: Microsoft VBScript runtime error (In the VBScript script that I'm using on my system, I believe that 'Line 25' corresponds to the line beginning with oldtarget = Replace(arr(1), "]", "").

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  • Subscript out of range error in VBScript script

    - by SteveW
    I'm trying to move my entire User folder in Windows Vista to a non-system partition. To do so with a minimum hassle I'm following the directions provided at Ben's Blog, specifically the VBScript he provides. However executing the script throws up an error which I can't resolve myself. Here's the VBScript code followed by the text file it works from, and finally my error message. How do I correct the problem? VBScript Code: '# Perform dir /a c:\users > c:\dir.txt '# place this script file in c:\ too '# double click to run it '# run resulting script.bat from recovery mode repprefix = " Directory of..." ' Modify to your language sourcedrive = "C:\" targetdrive = "D:\" altsourcedrive = "C:\" 'leave same as target drive unless otherwise indicated alttargetdrive = "E:\" 'leave same as target drive unless otherwise indicated inname = "dir.txt" outname = "script.bat" userroot = "Users" set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") ' construct batch commands for saving rights, then link, the recreating rights Function GetCommand(curroot, line, typ, keyword) ' first need to get source and target pos = Instr(line, keyword) + Len(keyword) tuple = Trim(Mid(line, pos)) arr = Split(tuple, "[") oldtarget = Replace(arr(1), "]", "") oldlink = curroot & "\" & Trim(arr(0)) ' need to determine if we are pointing back to old disk newlink = replace(oldlink, sourcedrive, targetdrive) if(Instr(oldtarget, sourcedrive & userroot)) then newtarget = Replace(oldtarget, sourcedrive, targetdrive) else newtarget = oldtarget ' still pointing to original target end if ' comment out = "echo " & newlink & " --- " & newtarget & vbCrLf ' save permissions out = out & "icacls """ & replace(oldlink, sourcedrive, altsourcedrive) & """ /L /save " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf ' create link newlink = replace(newlink, targetdrive, alttargetdrive) if typ = "junction" then out = out & "mklink /j """ & newlink & """ """ & newtarget & """" & vbCrLf else ' typ = "symlink" out = out & "mklink /d """ & newlink & """ """ & newtarget & """" & vbCrLf end if 'set hidden attribute out = out & "attrib +h """ & newlink & """ /L" & vbCrLf ' apply permissions shortlink = Left(newlink, InstrRev(newlink, "\") - 1) 'icacls works strangely - non-orthogonal for restore out = out & "icacls """ & shortlink & """ /L /restore " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf GetCommand = out & vbCrLf End Function Sub WriteToFile(file, text) ForWriting = 2 Create = true set outfile = fso.OpenTextFile(file, ForWriting, Create) Call outfile.Write(text) Call outfile.Close() End Sub outtext = "ROBOCOPY " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " " & alttargetdrive & userroot & " /E /COPYALL /XJ" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf set intext = fso.OpenTextFile(inname) while not intext.AtEndOfStream line = intext.ReadLine() if Instr(line, repprefix) then curroot = Replace(line, repprefix, "") elseif Instr(line, juncname) then outtext = outtext & GetCommand(curroot, line, "junction", juncname) elseif Instr(line, linkname) then outtext = outtext & GetCommand(curroot, line, "symlink", linkname) end if Wend outtext = outtext & "icacls " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " /L /save " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "ren " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " _" & userroot & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "mklink /j " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " " & targetdrive & userroot & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "icacls " & altsourcedrive & " /L /restore " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" Call intext.Close() Call WriteToFile(outname, outtext) MsgBox("Done writing to " & outname) dir.txt: Volume in drive C is ACER Volume Serial Number is 08D7-C0CC Directory of c:\users 07/16/2009 12:29 PM {DIR} . 07/16/2009 12:29 PM {DIR} .. 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {SYMLINKD} All Users [C:\ProgramData] 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {DIR} Default 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {JUNCTION} Default User [C:\Users\Default] 08/21/2008 08:37 AM 174 desktop.ini 11/02/2006 08:50 AM {DIR} Public 07/19/2009 08:54 PM {DIR} Steve 1 File(s) 174 bytes 7 Dir(s) 5,679,947,776 bytes free Error Message: Windows Script Host Script: C:\user location.vbs Line: 25 Char: 2 Error: Subscript out of range: '[number: 1]' Code: 800A0009 Source: Microsoft VBScript runtime error (In the VBScript script that I'm using on my system, I believe that 'Line 25' corresponds to the line beginning with oldtarget = Replace(arr(1), "]", "").

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  • Getting Started with TypeScript – Classes, Static Types and Interfaces

    - by dwahlin
    I had the opportunity to speak on different JavaScript topics at DevConnections in Las Vegas this fall and heard a lot of interesting comments about JavaScript as I talked with people. The most frequent comment I heard from people was, “I guess it’s time to start learning JavaScript”. Yep – if you don’t already know JavaScript then it’s time to learn it. As HTML5 becomes more and more popular the amount of JavaScript code written will definitely increase. After all, many of the HTML5 features available in browsers have little to do with “tags” and more to do with JavaScript (web workers, web sockets, canvas, local storage, etc.). As the amount of JavaScript code being used in applications increases, it’s more important than ever to structure the code in a way that’s maintainable and easy to debug. While JavaScript patterns can certainly be used (check out my previous posts on the subject or my course on Pluralsight.com), several alternatives have come onto the scene such as CoffeeScript, Dart and TypeScript. In this post I’ll describe some of the features TypeScript offers and the benefits that they can potentially offer enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. It’s important to note that while TypeScript has several great features, it’s definitely not for everyone or every project especially given how new it is. The goal of this post isn’t to convince you to use TypeScript instead of standard JavaScript….I’m a big fan of JavaScript. Instead, I’ll present several TypeScript features and let you make the decision as to whether TypeScript is a good fit for your applications. TypeScript Overview Here’s the official definition of TypeScript from the http://typescriptlang.org site: “TypeScript is a language for application-scale JavaScript development. TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. Any browser. Any host. Any OS. Open Source.” TypeScript was created by Anders Hejlsberg (the creator of the C# language) and his team at Microsoft. To sum it up, TypeScript is a new language that can be compiled to JavaScript much like alternatives such as CoffeeScript or Dart. It isn’t a stand-alone language that’s completely separate from JavaScript’s roots though. It’s a superset of JavaScript which means that standard JavaScript code can be placed in a TypeScript file (a file with a .ts extension) and used directly. That’s a very important point/feature of the language since it means you can use existing code and frameworks with TypeScript without having to do major code conversions to make it all work. Once a TypeScript file is saved it can be compiled to JavaScript using TypeScript’s tsc.exe compiler tool or by using a variety of editors/tools. TypeScript offers several key features. First, it provides built-in type support meaning that you define variables and function parameters as being “string”, “number”, “bool”, and more to avoid incorrect types being assigned to variables or passed to functions. Second, TypeScript provides a way to write modular code by directly supporting class and module definitions and it even provides support for custom interfaces that can be used to drive consistency. Finally, TypeScript integrates with several different tools such as Visual Studio, Sublime Text, Emacs, and Vi to provide syntax highlighting, code help, build support, and more depending on the editor. Find out more about editor support at http://www.typescriptlang.org/#Download. TypeScript can also be used with existing JavaScript frameworks such as Node.js, jQuery, and others and even catch type issues and provide enhanced code help. Special “declaration” files that have a d.ts extension are available for Node.js, jQuery, and other libraries out-of-the-box. Visit http://typescript.codeplex.com/SourceControl/changeset/view/fe3bc0bfce1f#samples%2fjquery%2fjquery.d.ts for an example of a jQuery TypeScript declaration file that can be used with tools such as Visual Studio 2012 to provide additional code help and ensure that a string isn’t passed to a parameter that expects a number. Although declaration files certainly aren’t required, TypeScript’s support for declaration files makes it easier to catch issues upfront while working with existing libraries such as jQuery. In the future I expect TypeScript declaration files will be released for different HTML5 APIs such as canvas, local storage, and others as well as some of the more popular JavaScript libraries and frameworks. Getting Started with TypeScript To get started learning TypeScript visit the TypeScript Playground available at http://www.typescriptlang.org. Using the playground editor you can experiment with TypeScript code, get code help as you type, and see the JavaScript that TypeScript generates once it’s compiled. Here’s an example of the TypeScript playground in action:   One of the first things that may stand out to you about the code shown above is that classes can be defined in TypeScript. This makes it easy to group related variables and functions into a container which helps tremendously with re-use and maintainability especially in enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. While you can certainly simulate classes using JavaScript patterns (note that ECMAScript 6 will support classes directly), TypeScript makes it quite easy especially if you come from an object-oriented programming background. An example of the Greeter class shown in the TypeScript Playground is shown next: class Greeter { greeting: string; constructor (message: string) { this.greeting = message; } greet() { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; } } Looking through the code you’ll notice that static types can be defined on variables and parameters such as greeting: string, that constructors can be defined, and that functions can be defined such as greet(). The ability to define static types is a key feature of TypeScript (and where its name comes from) that can help identify bugs upfront before even running the code. Many types are supported including primitive types like string, number, bool, undefined, and null as well as object literals and more complex types such as HTMLInputElement (for an <input> tag). Custom types can be defined as well. The JavaScript output by compiling the TypeScript Greeter class (using an editor like Visual Studio, Sublime Text, or the tsc.exe compiler) is shown next: var Greeter = (function () { function Greeter(message) { this.greeting = message; } Greeter.prototype.greet = function () { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; }; return Greeter; })(); Notice that the code is using JavaScript prototyping and closures to simulate a Greeter class in JavaScript. The body of the code is wrapped with a self-invoking function to take the variables and functions out of the global JavaScript scope. This is important feature that helps avoid naming collisions between variables and functions. In cases where you’d like to wrap a class in a naming container (similar to a namespace in C# or a package in Java) you can use TypeScript’s module keyword. The following code shows an example of wrapping an AcmeCorp module around the Greeter class. In order to create a new instance of Greeter the module name must now be used. This can help avoid naming collisions that may occur with the Greeter class.   module AcmeCorp { export class Greeter { greeting: string; constructor (message: string) { this.greeting = message; } greet() { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; } } } var greeter = new AcmeCorp.Greeter("world"); In addition to being able to define custom classes and modules in TypeScript, you can also take advantage of inheritance by using TypeScript’s extends keyword. The following code shows an example of using inheritance to define two report objects:   class Report { name: string; constructor (name: string) { this.name = name; } print() { alert("Report: " + this.name); } } class FinanceReport extends Report { constructor (name: string) { super(name); } print() { alert("Finance Report: " + this.name); } getLineItems() { alert("5 line items"); } } var report = new FinanceReport("Month's Sales"); report.print(); report.getLineItems();   In this example a base Report class is defined that has a variable (name), a constructor that accepts a name parameter of type string, and a function named print(). The FinanceReport class inherits from Report by using TypeScript’s extends keyword. As a result, it automatically has access to the print() function in the base class. In this example the FinanceReport overrides the base class’s print() method and adds its own. The FinanceReport class also forwards the name value it receives in the constructor to the base class using the super() call. TypeScript also supports the creation of custom interfaces when you need to provide consistency across a set of objects. The following code shows an example of an interface named Thing (from the TypeScript samples) and a class named Plane that implements the interface to drive consistency across the app. Notice that the Plane class includes intersect and normal as a result of implementing the interface.   interface Thing { intersect: (ray: Ray) => Intersection; normal: (pos: Vector) => Vector; surface: Surface; } class Plane implements Thing { normal: (pos: Vector) =>Vector; intersect: (ray: Ray) =>Intersection; constructor (norm: Vector, offset: number, public surface: Surface) { this.normal = function (pos: Vector) { return norm; } this.intersect = function (ray: Ray): Intersection { var denom = Vector.dot(norm, ray.dir); if (denom > 0) { return null; } else { var dist = (Vector.dot(norm, ray.start) + offset) / (-denom); return { thing: this, ray: ray, dist: dist }; } } } }   At first glance it doesn’t appear that the surface member is implemented in Plane but it’s actually included automatically due to the public surface: Surface parameter in the constructor. Adding public varName: Type to a constructor automatically adds a typed variable into the class without having to explicitly write the code as with normal and intersect. TypeScript has additional language features but defining static types and creating classes, modules, and interfaces are some of the key features it offers. So is TypeScript right for you and your applications? That’s a not a question that I or anyone else can answer for you. You’ll need to give it a spin to see what you think. In future posts I’ll discuss additional details about TypeScript and how it can be used with enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. In the meantime, I’m in the process of working with John Papa on a new Typescript course for Pluralsight that we hope to have out in December of 2012.

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