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• Static NAT in AWS's Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

  - by user1050797

  Currently in a VPC with a public and a private subnet, all internet bound traffic from the private subnet could be routed via an NAT instance. The NAT instance will port address translate the packet's source IP to use the NAT instance's elastic IP, so the public server can reply to this public address. This is a PAT mechanism. My question is there a way for me to do a static NAT on my NAT instance -- Using the same NAT instance to static NAT an unassociated but reserved elastic IP to a private subnet host. This NAT instance will behave like a physical firewall doing static nat'ing for a bunch of private ip's.

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• Debian Unstable + Postfix 2.6.5 + dkim-filter 2.8.2 issue

  - by kura

  I have Postfix installed on Debian Unstable, as the title states, the system is completely up-to-date, I have tried to get DKIM signatures working on outgoing mail using dkim-filter 2.8.2. I couldn't use the default Debian way of doing things with sockets, instead I used the Ubuntu way: SOCKET="inet:12345@localhost"` I have the following in my postfix/main.cf milter_default_action = accept milter_protocol = 6 smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12345 non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12345 All is fine except I get the following message I start DKIM in mail.log: dkim-filter[22029]: can't configure DKIM library; continuing And when it tries to sign mails I get the following error: postfix/cleanup[22042]: warning: milter inet:localhost:12345: can't read SMFIC_EOH reply packet header: Success And then dkim-filter daemon stops. I've looked through Google but found no actual way to fix this that works for me. I have this working fine on an Ubuntu server but would love to get it working on Debian too.

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• Duplicate IP address detection with multiple NICs

  - by sfink

  I am using arping -D to detect duplicate IP addresses within a network when setting up servers. (The network is controlled by someone else, and we have had many issues with IP allocation in the past.) It works fine as long as my host has a single NIC on a given VLAN, but when my host has more than one (I have one with 9 NICs on one VLAN and 1 on the other), arping -D always returns false collisions. The problem is that all 9 of my NICs respond to an ARP request for any of the IPs on those NICs. (These are real physical NICs, not aliases or anything.) I send out one ARP request packet, and get 9 ARP is-at ARP replies, one for each MAC address. I could implement my own solution by sniffing packets and checking for any replies with a MAC address other than the local NICs', but it seems like there ought to be an easier way.

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• Gre Tunnel Cisco Linux traffic forwarding

  - by mezgani

  I setup a gre tunnel a cisco router and a Linux machine, the tunnel interface in the Linux box named pic. Well i have to forward traffic coming from cisco through the Linux box. the rules i've set in the Linux box is described as follow: echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -A INPUT -p 47 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i pic -o ppp0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -o pic -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE I see the traffic coming from tunnel and forwarded to internet but no reply from sent packet. May i miss something like a routing rule.

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• Rsyslog mail module not working

  - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur

  Hi *, I would like to email snort alerts from my Debian Lenny fw. Syslog is sending log messages from the firewalls to a central rsyslog. On my central rsyslog, I got something like : $ModLoad ommail $ActionMailSMTPServer server.company.local $ActionMailFrom [email protected] $ActionMailTo [email protected] $ActionExecOnlyOnceEveryInterval 1 $template mailSubject,"[SNORT] Alert from %hostname%" $template mailBody,"Snort message\r\nmsg='%msg%'" $ActionMailSubject mailSubject if $msg regexp 'snort[[0-9]]: [[0-9]:[0-9]:[0-9]].*' then ommail:;mailBody But I doesn't get any mails, I even can trigger snort with something like ping -s 1400, it logs things like following but still no mail ! 2010-01-08T09:25:58+00:00 Hostname snort[4429]: [1:499:4] ICMP Large ICMP Packet [Classification: Potentially Bad Traffic] [Priority: 2]: {ICMP} ip_dest - ip_src Any idea ?

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• TCP/IP- what is it exactly?

  - by OckhamsRazor

  I know that this question sounds stupid, but over all these years, I still have difficulty explaining TCP/IP to people. I don't completely get it myself, and even after reading up on it, the distinction is not very clear. What I get so far is that IP deals with networks while TCP involves delivery of messages over that network. I'm not totally convinced though. Also, they reside on different layers of the Internet architecture. Could anyone disambiguate this distinction using a simple analogy or examples? Also, I read this somewhere The difference is that TCP is responsible for the data delivery of a packet and IP is responsible for the logical addressing. In other words, IP obtains the address and TCP guarantees delivery of data to that address. Is this correct? Thanks for helping me out. One last thing- Where does the ethernet come in all of this?

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• how I can Specifying tcpreplay speed

  - by herzl shemuelian

  I am tring to Specify tcpreplay speed but I can't do it this is my detail of test: $tcpreplay -V tcpreplay version: 3.4.4 (build 2450) 1)$ tcpreplay -i %0 -p 100 -L 500 _udp_only.pcap Actual: 500 packets (42247 bytes) sent in 5.05 seconds.Rated: 8365.7 bps, 0.06 Mbps, 99.01 pps s 2)$ tcpreplay -i %0 -p 1000 -L 5000 _udp_only.pcap Actual: 5000 packets (427710 bytes) sent in 5.19 seconds. Rated: 82410.4 bps, 0.63 Mbps, 963.39 pps //here is problem I stay in 966.00 pps 3)$ tcpreplay -i %0 -p 10000 -L 50000 _udp_only.pcap Actual: 50000 packets (4322559 bytes) sent in 51.76 seconds.Rated: 83511.6 bps, 0.64 Mbps, 966.00 pps I have same problem when I try to Specify --mbps for 8600 packets 86 byte avg for each packet -M0.086 -L 860 ---- Rated: 10812.9 bps, 0.08 Mbps, 127.22 pps -M0.86 -L 860 ---- Rated: 83062.5 bps, 0.63 Mbps, 977.27 pps -M0.86 -L 8600 ---- Rated: 82554.9 bps, 0.63 Mbps, 965.21 pps why and how I can to Specify speed? I use OS windows7

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• ICMP - TTL - Trace Route

  - by dbasnett

  I asked this question at Stack Overflow and then thought this may be the better place to ask. Given the following situation: PC --- |aa RTR1 bb| --- |aa RTR2 bb| --- |aa RTR3 bb| etc Each of the |aa rtr bb| is meant to be a router with two ports aa and bb. My question is this. When you do a trace route from PC which router port address should respond with time to live exceeded in transit message? I seem to remember being taught to think of the router as being in as many parts as ports, so that in my scenario when aa is forwarding the packet to bb and decrements the ttl to 0, it will be the address of the aa port in the failure message. I am trying to find the definitive answer. Thanks.

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• dhcpd: varying vendor-class-identifier

  - by jessicah

  I'm having trouble selectively sending parameters in response to a DHCP Inform packet using groups (or even without, just using host declarations) for bootp stuff. My configuration file right now looks like: subnet 130.123.131.128 netmask 255.255.255.128 { allow unknown-clients; } host dev-mac-09 { option vendor-class-identifier "example-identifier"; hardware ethernet 10:9a:dd:51:ff:83; } If I put vendor-class-identifier in the global scope, using tcpdump I can see that the client receives the vendor class option successfully. If I take it out, and just keep it in the host scope (or group scope), the client never receives the option. Specifying option dhcp-parameter-request list 60 doesn't help either. I did try using a class definition inside a group, but then it applied even if the host wasn't a part of the group. As an aside, how do I get detailed logging? At least something to indicate what groups and things got used to generate the response to the client.

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• Windows DNS Server 2008 R2 fallaciously returns SERVFAIL

  - by Easter Sunshine

  I have a Windows 2008 R2 domain controller which is also a DNS server. When resolving certain TLDs, it returns a SERVFAIL: $ dig bogus. ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1 <<>> bogus. ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 31919 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;bogus. IN A I get the same result for a real TLD like com. when querying the DC as shown above. Compare to a BIND server that is working as expected: $ dig bogus. @128.59.59.70 ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1 <<>> bogus. @128.59.59.70 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 30141 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;bogus. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 10800 IN SOA a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2012012501 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 18 msec ;; SERVER: 128.59.59.70#53(128.59.59.70) ;; WHEN: Wed Jan 25 14:09:14 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 98 Similarly, when I query my Windows DNS server with dig . any, I get a SERVFAIL but the BIND servers return the root zone as expected. This sounds similar to the issue described in http://support.microsoft.com/kb/968372 except I am using two forwarders (128.59.59.70 from above as well as 128.59.62.10) and falling back to root hints so the preconditions to expose the issue are not the same. Nevertheless, I also applied the MaxCacheTTL registry fix as described and restarted DNS and the whole server as well but the problem persists. The problem occurs on all domain controllers in this domain and has occurred since half a year ago, even though the servers are getting automatic Windows updates. EDIT Here is a debug log. The client is 160.39.114.110, which is my workstation. 1/25/2012 2:16:01 PM 0E08 PACKET 000000001EA6BFD0 UDP Rcv 160.39.114.110 2e94 Q [0001 D NOERROR] A (5)bogus(0) UDP question info at 000000001EA6BFD0 Socket = 508 Remote addr 160.39.114.110, port 49710 Time Query=1077016, Queued=0, Expire=0 Buf length = 0x0fa0 (4000) Msg length = 0x0017 (23) Message: XID 0x2e94 Flags 0x0100 QR 0 (QUESTION) OPCODE 0 (QUERY) AA 0 TC 0 RD 1 RA 0 Z 0 CD 0 AD 0 RCODE 0 (NOERROR) QCOUNT 1 ACOUNT 0 NSCOUNT 0 ARCOUNT 0 QUESTION SECTION: Offset = 0x000c, RR count = 0 Name "(5)bogus(0)" QTYPE A (1) QCLASS 1 ANSWER SECTION: empty AUTHORITY SECTION: empty ADDITIONAL SECTION: empty 1/25/2012 2:16:01 PM 0E08 PACKET 000000001EA6BFD0 UDP Snd 160.39.114.110 2e94 R Q [8281 DR SERVFAIL] A (5)bogus(0) UDP response info at 000000001EA6BFD0 Socket = 508 Remote addr 160.39.114.110, port 49710 Time Query=1077016, Queued=0, Expire=0 Buf length = 0x0fa0 (4000) Msg length = 0x0017 (23) Message: XID 0x2e94 Flags 0x8182 QR 1 (RESPONSE) OPCODE 0 (QUERY) AA 0 TC 0 RD 1 RA 1 Z 0 CD 0 AD 0 RCODE 2 (SERVFAIL) QCOUNT 1 ACOUNT 0 NSCOUNT 0 ARCOUNT 0 QUESTION SECTION: Offset = 0x000c, RR count = 0 Name "(5)bogus(0)" QTYPE A (1) QCLASS 1 ANSWER SECTION: empty AUTHORITY SECTION: empty ADDITIONAL SECTION: empty Every option in the debug log box was checked except "filter by IP". By contrast, when I query, say, accounts.google.com, I can see the DNS server go out to its forwarder (128.59.59.70, for example). In this case, I didn't see any packets going out from my DNS server even though bogus. was not in the cache (the debug log was already running and this is the first time I queried this server for bogus. or any TLD). It just returned SERVFAIL without consulting any other DNS server, as in the Microsoft KB article linked above.

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• Data transfer to my own computer from a website host by the same computer

  - by gunbuster363

  Hi all, I have a question about using a web site host in my computer, say Computer A, using any web server hosting application e.g : apache. I connect to my website in my very same computer A, and request to download a file of size 1Mb, in otherwords, I am connecting to my own computer and want to download a file in my computer. In addition, my internet access is bound by a proxy server in a way of gateway. The questions are - does the file transfer really exist? Or is it a local file copying between 2 location? Will my data packet go through the proxy, to the internet, and go back to the proxy and return to me? Thanks everyone who are watching this question.

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• How well will ntpd work when the latency is highly variable?

  - by JP Anderson

  I have an application where we are using some non-standard networking equipment (cannot be changed) that goes into a dormant state between traffic bursts. The network latency is very high for the first packet since it's essentially waking the system, waiting for it to reconnect, and then making the first round-trip. Subsequent messages (provided they are within the next minute or so) are much faster, but still highly-latent. A typical set of pings will look like 2500ms, 900ms, 880ms, 885ms, 900ms, 890ms, etc. Given that NTP uses several round trips before computing the offset, how well can I expect ntpd to work over this kind of link? Will the initially slow first round trip be ignored based on the much different (and faster) following messages to/from the ntp server? Thanks and Regards.

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• How to configure a gateway virtual machine

  - by user225706

  I have a VM-host configured with eth0 (10.145.73.207) and eth1(192.168.101.231), and three VMs connecting the Internet through NAT, with the default gateway of 192.168.122.1. Now I want to configure VM2 as a gateway. I added eth0 (192.168.122.63) and eth1 (172.16.1.109) for VM2. It can connect to the Internet with each of them. I changed the default gateway of VM1 from 192.168.122.1 to 192.168.122.63. However, when I traceroute google.com on VM1, it shows that the packet only reaches 192.168.122.63, no further. Any help is appreciated. Thanks.

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• Raw socket sendto() failure in OS X

  - by user37278

  When I open a raw socket is OS X, construct my own udp packet (headers and data), and call sendto(), I get the error "Invalid Argument". Here is a sample program "rawudp.c" from the web site http://www.tenouk.com/Module43a.html that demonstrates this problem. The program (after adding string and stdlib #includes) runs under Fedora 10 but fails with "Invalid Argument" under OS X. Can anyone suggest why this fails in OS X? I have looked and looked and looked at the sendto() call, but all the parameters look good. I'm running the code as root, etc. Is there perhaps a kernel setting that prevents even uid 0 executables from sending packets through raw sockets in OS X Snow Leopard? Thanks.

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• Bug in CDP implementation

  - by Suraj

  We are developing a Linux based ethernet switch which has 6 ports. We are done with CDP protocol. I have connected a Cisco device to port 2. When I quiery for the Cisco device, I get the reply and instead of getting lan1 (port 1 - lan0 .. port 6 = lan5), I always get the interface name as eth0. The same is the case for all the ports. What changes are required to get the correct interface name? I will be very thankful for the information. The snap packet is received in the routine snap_rcv() in the file "linux._2.6.XX/net/802/psnap.c"; Regards, Suraj..

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• Ping isn't acting accurate?

  - by Earlz

  I've been trying to diagnose some latency issues with my internet connection. I've been lagging out of online video games and such, which of course could be their server's fault. So, I've been running ping some. It doesn't indicate anything unusual, but it does act a bit strange. I can start it with something like ping internethost -i 0.1 so that it will send a ton of packets, and every 10-20 seconds it will appear to just freeze for 2 or 3 seconds. The packets are still being received in the right order though, and there is no packet loss. The weirdest thing is that after the little freeze up, it will usually just report a ping time that is about 10-30ms higher than the average. How does this happen? Is ping still being accurate? I'm using Arch Linux. The host I'm pinging is my website, which shouldn't be doing any kind of ping slowing or filtering.

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• Rsyslog mail module not working

  - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur

  I would like to email snort alerts from my Debian Lenny fw. Syslog is sending log messages from the firewalls to a central rsyslog. On my central rsyslog, I got something like : $ModLoad ommail $ActionMailSMTPServer server.company.local $ActionMailFrom [email protected] $ActionMailTo [email protected] $ActionExecOnlyOnceEveryInterval 1 $template mailSubject,"[SNORT] Alert from %hostname%" $template mailBody,"Snort message\r\nmsg='%msg%'" $ActionMailSubject mailSubject if $msg regexp 'snort[[0-9]]: [[0-9]:[0-9]:[0-9]].*' then ommail:;mailBody But I doesn't get any mails, I even can trigger snort with something like ping -s 1400, it logs things like following but still no mail ! 2010-01-08T09:25:58+00:00 Hostname snort[4429]: [1:499:4] ICMP Large ICMP Packet [Classification: Potentially Bad Traffic] [Priority: 2]: {ICMP} ip_dest - ip_src Any idea ?

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• Windows 7 Machine Makes Router Drop -All- Wireless Connections [closed]

  - by Hammer Bro.

  Note: I accidentally originally posted this question over at SuperUser, and I still think the issue is caused by some low-level networking practice of Windows 7, but I think the expertise here would be more apt to figuring it out. Apologies for the cross-post. Some background: My home network consists of my Desktop, a two-month old Windows 7 (x64) machine which is online most frequently (N-spec), as well as three other Windows XP laptops (all G) that only connect every now and then (one for work, one for Netflix, and the other for infrequent regular laptop uses). I used to have a Belkin F5D8236-4 wireless router, and everything worked great. A week ago, however, I found out that the Belkin absolutely in no way would establish a VPN connection, something that has become important for work. So I bought a Netgear WNR3500v2/U/L. The wireless was acting a little sketchy at first for just the Windows 7 machine, but I thought it had something to do with 802.11N and I was in a hurry so I just fished up an ethernet cable and disabled the computer's wireless. It has now become apparent, though, that whenever the Windows 7 machine is connected to the router, all wireless connections become unstable. I was using my work laptop for a solid six hours today with no trouble, having multiple SSH connections open over VPN and streaming internet radio in the background. Then, within two minutes of turning on this Windows 7 box, I had lost all connectivity over the wireless. And I was two feet away from the router. The same sort of thing happens on all of the other laptops -- Netflix can be playing stuff all weekend, but if I come up here and do things on this (W7) computer, the streaming will be dead within ten minutes. So here are my basic observations: If the Windows 7 machine is off, then all connections will have a Signal Strength of Very Good or Excellent and a Speed of 48-54 Mbps for an indefinite amount of time. Shortly after the Windows 7 machine is turned on, all wireless connections will experience a consistent decline in Speed down to 1.0 Mbps, eventually losing their connection entirely. These machines will continue to maintain 70% signal strength, as observed by themselves and router. Once dropped, a wireless connection will have difficulty reconnecting. And, if a connection manages to become established, it will quickly drop off again. The Windows 7 machine itself will continue to function just fine if it's using a wired connection, although it will experience these same issues over the wireless. All of the drivers and firmwares are up to date, and this happened both with the stock Netgear firmware as well as the (current) DD-WRT. What I've tried: Making sure each computer is being assigned a distinct IP. (They are.) Disabling UPnP and Stateful Packet Inspection on the router. Disabling Network Sharing, SSDP Discovery, TCP/IP NetBios Helper and Computer Browser services on the Windows 7 machine. Disabling QoS Packet Scheduler, IPv6, and Link Layer Topology Discovery options on my ethernet controller (leaving only Client for Microsoft Networks, File and Printer Sharing, and IPv4 enabled). What I think: It seems awfully similar to the problems discussed in detail at http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/wsk/thread/1064e397-9d9b-4ae2-bc8e-c8798e591915 (which was both the most relevant and concrete information I could dig up on the internet). I still think that something the Windows 7 IP stack (or just Operating System itself) is doing is giving the router fits. However, I could be wrong, because I have two key differences. One is that most instances of this problem are reported as the entire router dying or restarting, and mine still works just fine over the wired connection. The other is that it's a new router, tested with both the factory firmware and the (I assume) well-maintained DD-WRT project. Even if Windows 7 is still secretly sending IPv6 packets or the TCP Window Scaling implementation that I hear Vista caused some trouble with (even though I've tried my best to disable anything fancy), this router should support those functions. I don't want to get a new or a replacement router unless someone can convince me that this is a defective unit. But the problem seems too specific and predictable by my instincts to be a hardware hiccup. And I don't want to deal with the inevitable problems that always seem to take half a day to resolve when getting a new router, since I'm frantically working (including tomorrow) to complete a project by next week's deadline. Plus, I think in the worst case scenario, I could keep this router connected directly to the modem, disable its wireless entirely, and connect the old Belkin to it directly. That should allow me to still use VPN (although I'll have to plug my work laptop directly into that router), and then maintain wireless connections for all of the other computers. But that feels so wrong to me. Anyone have any ideas what the cause and possible solution could be? Clarifications: The Windows 7 machine is directly connected via an ethernet cable to the router for everything above. But while it is online, all other computers' wireless connections become unusable. It is not an issue of signal strength or interference -- no other devices within scanning range are using Channel 1, and the problem will affect computers that are literally feet away from the router with 95% signal strength.

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• WOL not working

  - by Maciej Swic

  I have a Marvell Yukon integrated NIC and i have installed the WOL package on my freeBSD-based NAS. I'm trying to wake my PC using the command "wol M:A:C:A:D:D:R". Command line spits back that it is "waking" however nothing happens. I found no reference to WOL whatsoever in BIOS and i enabled Magic Packet WOL in windows on that interface. Also double-checked MAC addr and that i entered it in the correct format in "wol". I'm on Windows 7. What next? =/

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• ubuntu ssh does not connect

  - by bocca

  SSH won't be able to establish a connection to our server Here's the output of ssh -vvv: ssh -v -v -v 11.11.11.11 OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to 11.11.11.11 [11.11.11.11] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 133/256 debug2: bits set: 486/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /root/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 1 debug1: Host '11.11.11.11' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug2: bits set: 497/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /root/.ssh/identity ((nil)) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/identity debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: debug3: packet_send2: adding 64 (len 57 padlen 7 extra_pad 64) debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug3: tty_make_modes: ospeed 38400 debug3: tty_make_modes: ispeed 38400 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env ORBIT_SOCKETDIR debug3: Ignored env SSH_AGENT_PID debug3: Ignored env SHELL debug3: Ignored env TERM debug3: Ignored env XDG_SESSION_COOKIE debug3: Ignored env GTK_RC_FILES debug3: Ignored env WINDOWID debug3: Ignored env USER debug3: Ignored env LS_COLORS debug3: Ignored env GNOME_KEYRING_SOCKET debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK debug3: Ignored env USERNAME debug3: Ignored env SESSION_MANAGER debug3: Ignored env MAIL debug3: Ignored env PATH debug3: Ignored env DESKTOP_SESSION debug3: Ignored env PWD debug3: Ignored env GDM_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT debug3: Ignored env GNOME_KEYRING_PID debug1: Sending env LANG = en_CA.UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug3: Ignored env GDM_LANG debug3: Ignored env GDMSESSION debug3: Ignored env HISTCONTROL debug3: Ignored env SPEECHD_PORT debug3: Ignored env HOME debug3: Ignored env SHLVL debug3: Ignored env GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME debug3: Ignored env XDG_DATA_DIRS debug3: Ignored env DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS debug3: Ignored env LESSOPEN debug3: Ignored env DISPLAY debug3: Ignored env LESSCLOSE debug3: Ignored env XAUTHORITY debug3: Ignored env COLORTERM debug3: Ignored env _ debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel_input_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 0 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152 debug2: channel_input_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: shell request accepted on channel 0

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• My IIS server won't serve SSL sites to some browsers

  - by sbleon

  (Update: This is now cross-posted at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3355000. This is the more appropriate forum, but StackOverflow gets a lot more traffic.) I've got an IIS 6.0 server that won't serve pages over SSL to some browsers. In Webkit-based browsers on OS X 10.6, I can't load pages at all. In MSIE 8 on Windows XP SP3, I can load pages, but it will sometimes hang downloading images or sending POSTs. Working: Firefox 3.6 (OS X + Windows) Chrome (Windows) Partially Working: MSIE 8 (works sometimes, but hangs up, especially on POSTs) Not Working: Chrome 5 (OS X) Safari 5 (OS X) Mobile Safari (iOS 4) On OS X (the easiest platform for me to test on), Chrome and Firefox both negotiate the same TLS Cipher, but Chrome hangs on or after the post-negotiation handshake. Chrome packet capture (via ssldump): 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 cipher suites Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc012 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0x2f TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 Unknown value 0x35 TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0x39 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.3106 (0.2620) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= bb 0e 00 00 7a 7e 07 50 5e 78 48 cf 43 5a f7 4d d2 ed 72 8f ff 1d 9e 74 66 74 03 b3 bb 92 8d eb cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL Certificate ServerHelloDone 1 3 0.3196 (0.0090) C>S Handshake ClientKeyExchange 1 4 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 5 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S Handshake [hang, no more data transmitted] Firefox packet capture: 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 resume [32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipher suites Unknown value 0xff Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0x88 Unknown value 0x87 Unknown value 0x39 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0x84 Unknown value 0x35 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0x45 Unknown value 0x44 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0x96 Unknown value 0x41 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Unknown value 0x2f Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc012 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xfeff TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.0983 (0.0497) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL 1 3 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C ChangeCipherSpec 1 4 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C Handshake 1 5 0.1019 (0.0035) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 6 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S Handshake 1 7 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S application_data 1 8 0.2460 (0.1440) S>C application_data 1 9 0.3108 (0.0648) S>C application_data 1 10 0.3650 (0.0542) S>C application_data 1 11 0.4188 (0.0537) S>C application_data 1 12 0.4580 (0.0392) S>C application_data 1 13 0.4831 (0.0251) S>C application_data [etc] Update: Here's a Wireshark capture from the server end. What's going on with those two much-delayed RST packets? Is that just IIS terminating what it perceives as a non-responsive connection? 19 10.129450 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [SYN] Seq=0 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=3 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 20 10.129517 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=0 TSV=0 TSER=0 21 10.168596 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 22 10.172950 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Hello 23 10.173267 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 24 10.173297 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 25 10.385180 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=2897 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250191 TSER=163006 26 10.385235 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TLSv1 Server Hello, Certificate, Server Hello Done 27 10.424682 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=4215 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250192 TSER=163008 28 10.435245 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Key Exchange 29 10.438522 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Change Cipher Spec 30 10.438553 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=421 Win=65115 Len=0 TSV=163008 TSER=699250192 31 10.449036 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Encrypted Handshake Message 32 10.580652 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=65078 Len=0 TSV=163010 TSER=699250192 7312 57.315338 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50644 [RST, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=0 Len=0 19531 142.316425 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [RST, ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=0 Len=0

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• HTTP Non-persistent connection and objects splitting

  - by Fabio Carello

  I hope this is the right board for my question about HTTP protocol with non-persistent connections. Suppose a single request for a html object that requires to be split in two different HTML response messages. My question is quite simple: do the connection will be closed after the first packet dispatch and then the other one will be sent on a new connection? I can't figure out if the non-persistent connection is applied at "single object level" (does't care if on multiples messages) or for every single message. Thanks for your answers!

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• Confusion about HSRP Groups

  - by Kyle Brandt

  If I have a router that has several LANs on it, and each of these LAN is attached to a second router, do I need to use different HSRP groups for each LAN? With this set up, each virtual gateway will be on a Layer 2 segment. And within a router, no interface will have multiple gateways. So, For example: Router 1: F0/0: ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.1.1 F2/0: ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.2.1 Router 2: F0/0: ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.1.1 F2/0: ip address 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.2.1 Will this work, or do I need standby 1 ip 192.168.2.1 on the F2/0 interfaces? Since according to the RFC, the group number of the packet is in the HSRP multicast packets, my guess is that I don't need different groups, and that multiple groups are only needed when they are all on the same Layer 2 segment. However, I haven't been able to find this setup....

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• Firewall blocks FTP PASV response

  - by harper

  0 down vote favorite I have an FTP server that supports passive server mode (using PASV command). This works fine with Windows XP. When I want to access this server from Windows Vista or Windows 7 with firewall enabled I experience a immediate connection shutdown. A reset packet is sent to the server, the socket is signaled that the server had reset the connection (what is not true). The problem disappears when the firewall is disabled. Connections to other FTP servers work correctly. The difference is that the servers response to PASV does not enclose the address field with parentheses. This is legal as documented in RFC-959 and RFC-1132. How can I configure the firewall to stop this bad behavior?

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• How to share internet over VPN and inside a virtual machine (Windows)?

  - by mountrix

  ` My final goal is to have a virtual machine at work in which anything that happen inside (tcp, udp, ping, ...) will use the Internet connection of a computer at home. So, if inside this VM should I open an Internet browser to a site such as "show my IP", my home IP should be printed. I am also looking for a way to debug/develop a software inside this VM, but I would like to tunnel only the connections of this software, not the full graphical interface, this is why a Remote Desktop solution won't fit me. The connection between the both computer should be secured somehow, like in a SSH tunnel. This ultimately should allow me to have a portable VM in which I can connect to whatever networks I have access at home, in a secure way. This is my configuration: At work, I have a LAN-connected desktop computer, with Windows 7 Professional Edition as a host [computer W] On this same computer, I have a Virtual Box machine running Windows XP [computer V] At home, I have a laptop computer, running Windows 7 Home Edition [computer H] This laptop is connected to a Livebox 2 broadband modem by Wifi. What I am trying to do is to sit at work in front of the virtual machine [V], and connect to a webpage as if the request was issued from the laptop [H] at home, and the data should be securely tunneled between the both. But if I am using internet directly inside [W], it should use the normal LAN interface at work. To achieve my goal, I first try using VPN, than SSH tunneling, without success. I first tried to install Teamviewer between [W] and [H]. This is working fine, I can send files, share desktop, etc. Teamviewer has a VPN mode that creates a new VPN network interface with its own IP, both on computer [W] and [H]. This allowed me to connect [H] as a network computer inside [W] and I was able to share files, but not to share Internet. At this point, I tried to use from [W] the Internet as if I was at home. I setup a route (using route add from command line in [W]) in order to instruct each packet going to a given website to pass by the new VPN interface on [W], with the hope it will be forwarded to [H], but the webpage was simply inaccessible. I then tried to setup a Windows VPN connection between [W] and [H], using the Windows 7 VPN feature. [H] was the server and [W] the client. But it failed: I got the "Unable to join a remote PC while trying to VPN" 720 Error when I was setting up the client on [W]. I think the problem is the Livebox 2 that could blocks the packets. But I am not sure of this: 1) with Teamviewer it works fine, 2) Livebox 2 has a configuration page for port mapping that gives the proper configuration to map VPN ports as an example so I guess that it should allow it, 3) I opened the ports 1723 (TCP) and 500 (UDP) according to some forums. Virtual box has a network configuration parameter in which I can use the VPN network interface created by Teamviewer as a bridged connection. This is suppose to work in the sense that all packets issued by the virtual machine [V] is supposed to go directly to [H]. But I had no internet connection inside [V]. Using the NAT mode, [V] has internet. For me this is the feature that I look for: filtering all connections from the virtual box application to the VPN network interface, and the remaining should use the normal LAN interface. Apart from the build-in feature of VBox, I even do not know if it is possible to route the packet from a given application to a given interface. Finally I tried also SSH tunneling, but this is not the solution I looked for. Using an external SSH server (Linux), I was able to create a localhost connection on [W] (or [V]), using something like 'ssh -N -D server[H]' in order to allow a web browser located in [W] to connect to any website using the SOCKS 5 proxy created locally (SOCKS is a build-in feature of SSH). But repeating the same operation on windows, using a windows SSH server inside [W] (I tried freeSSHd), it failed: SFTP worked, but not the SOCKS tunneling, it was like the browser in [H] did not find internet. Finally only Teamviewer looked able to create a VPN between [W] and [H], but I am not able to use it, as I want, I mean using the Internet connection of [H] sitting in front of [W]. I also tried to bridge the VPN interface and the wifi interface inside [H], but it blocked my laptop, and I tried also the Internet Connection Sharing, trying to share on [H] the wifi connection over the VPN interface. This fails also, but it seems because Teamviewer actually use the wifi interface to be able to provide the VPN link, so I guess I am creating a recursive loop. I do not know what to try next... Thank you for any advice!!

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