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  • Can the following Domain Entity contain logic for creating/deleting other entities?

    - by user702769
    a) As far as I understand it, in most cases Domain Model DM doesn't contain code for creating/deleting domain entities, but instead it is the job of layers ( ie service layer or UI layer ) on top of DM to create/delete domain entities? b) Domain entities are modelled after real world entities. Assuming particular real world entity being abstracted does have the functionality of creating/deleting other real world entities, then I assume the domain entity abstracting this real world entity could also contain logic for creating/deleting other entities? class RobotDestroyerCreator { ... void heavyThinking() { ... if(...) unitOfWork.registerDelete(robot); ... if(...) { var robotNew = new Robot(...); unitOfWork.registerNew(robotNew); { ... } } Thank you

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  • S&OP best practices that can help your organization be more responsive and effective

    - by user717691
    If you want to increase revenue by quickly responding to market changes or want to ensure that your operating plans drive towards corporate financial goals, you need real-time sales and operations planning.Watch the replay of our recent Webcast to hear Christopher Neff from NCR Corporation discuss how NCR Corporation is leveraging Oracle's Real-Time Sales and Operations Planning solutions. Learn best practices that can help your organization be more responsive and effective. Discover how Oracle's comprehensive suite of best-in-class capabilities can: Synchronize plans and actions across the extended enterprise Maximize profits with the ability to sense, influence, and fulfill demand with industry leading demand management and real-time sales & operations Drive tactical decisions into operational planning and execution, while monitoring performance Profitably balance supply, demand, and budgets Move planning processes from periodic and reactive to real-time, iterative and proactive Register now for the on demand Webcast! http://www.oracle.com/webapps/dialogue/ns/dlgwelcome.jsp?p_ext=Y&p_dlg_id=8664804&src=6811174&Act=99NCR Corporation is a leader in Self Service Solution such as POS Solutions, Payment and Imaging Systems.

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  • How do you verify that your prototype/application meets the requirements?

    - by Roflcoptr
    Recently I wrote an small prototype that uses some relatively new technology. Now I wanted to verify if this prototype is usefull and could be used in real world example. But now I have a problem, how can I do that? Normally, it would be a good thing to compare the prototype with already existing similar applications and compare if you perform better, provide better usability, etc. Since I'm not aware of something similar, this is quite difficult Normally, I would see if the requirements of the customers are met. But there aren't any real requirements and no real customers. It as just an idea. So the problem is, how can I get feedback on my prototype to see how it is accepted by potential users and what should be improved in a real implementation?

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  • SEO Providers - Freelancers, Professionals, Or Spam Artists?

    Again, many of these offers you'll receive look legit enough. They come complete from a real email address, with a realistic name, a real phone number, and all of the other necessary credentials to look respectable. Sure, they're real people on the other end of the line, but unlike most reputable freelancers in the SEO business, these folks have chosen to use dubious tactics (sending mass emails and spam) to thousands and thousands of people in the hopes that one or two follow up and fall into the trap.

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  • New Secure Website with Apache Reverse Proxy

    - by jtnire
    I wish to set up a new website that will be accessed by users using HTTPS. I think it is good practise to put the "real" web server in a seperate subnet, and then install an Apache Reverse Proxy in a DMZ. My question is, where should I put the SSL cert(s)? Should I a) Use a self-signed cert on the "real" web server, and a proper cert on the reverse proxy? b) Use 2 real certs on both the "real" web server and the reverse proxy? c) Don't use any cert on the "real" web server, and use a proper cert on the reverse proxy? I'd like to use a) or c), if possible. I also don't want anyone's browser complaining of a self-signed cert. Thanks

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  • Unity, Unrealistic Sphere On Inclined Plane

    - by user1086516
    So I am trying to model a ball rolling down an inclined surface in Unity based on what I am observing in real life but it is still quite off. In Unity it takes the ball about 3 seconds to travel from a place to another specified place where in real life it only takes 1 second. The ball isn't as fast to react to the incline as in real life (even though I have tried giving the ball and surface low or zero friction values) The ball does not accelerate as nearly as fast as it does in real life What do I do to give the ball more realistic behavior ? I have tried messing around with mass, physics materials, drag, and angular drag on the ball and surface but it doesn't seem to be helping.

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  • ORACLE MASTER Expert ??????!11g R2 RAC ????????

    - by M.Morozumi
    Oracle Certified Expert, Oracle Real Application Clusters 11g and Grid Infrastructure Administrator ??????????(2012/4/12~) -------------------------------------------------------------------- 2012?4?12???OPN ?????????(OPN Certified Specialist)??????Oracle Database 11g???????????? ?????????Oracle Certified Expert, Oracle Real Application Clusters 11g and Grid Infrastructure Administrator ???????????????????? ?Oracle Certified Expert, Oracle Real Application Clusters 11g and Grid Infrastructure Administrator?????????????5? ????Oracle University? Web???????????????????????? -------------------------------------------------------------------- ???????????! Oracle Certified Expert, Oracle Real Application Clusters 11g and Grid Infrastructure Administrator ????????????????????! ?????????????????

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  • Calling a jQuery plugin inside itself

    - by Real Tuty
    I am trying to create a comet like thing. I have a plugin that collects data from a php page. The problem is that i dont know how to call the plugin inside itself. If it were a function i could go like this: function j () {setTimeout(j(), 1000);}, but i am using a jQuery plugin. Here is my plugin code: (function($) { $.fn.watch = function(ops) { var $this_ = this, setngs = $.extend({ 'type' : 'JSON', 'query' : 'GET', 'url' : '', 'data' : '', 'wait' : 1000 }, ops); if (setngs.type === '') { return false; } else if (setngs.query === '') { return false; } else if (setngs.url === '') { return false; } else if (setngs.wait === '') { return false; } else if (setngs.wait === 0) { setngs.wait = 1000; } var xhr = $.ajax({ type : setngs.query, dataType : setngs.type, url : setngs.url, success : function(data) { var i = 0; for (i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { var html = $this_.html(), str = '<li class="post" id="post-' + data[i].id + '"><div class="inner"><div class="user">' + data[i].user + '</div><div class="body">' + data[i].body + '</div></div></li>'; $this_.html(str + html); } setTimeout($this_, 1000); } }); }; })(jQuery); where it says setTimeout($this_, 1000); this is where im having trouble. I don't know what to call the plugin as. $this_ is what I thought might work but I am wrong. That is what i need to replace. Thanks for your help.

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  • Calculating and saving space in Postgresql

    - by punkish
    I have a table in Pg like so CREATE TABLE t ( a BIGSERIAL NOT NULL, -- 8 b b SMALLINT, -- 2 b c SMALLINT, -- 2 b d REAL, -- 4 b e REAL, -- 4 b f REAL, -- 4 b g INTEGER, -- 4 b h REAL, -- 4 b i REAL, -- 4 b j SMALLINT, -- 2 b k INTEGER, -- 4 b l INTEGER, -- 4 b m REAL, -- 4 b CONSTRAINT a_pkey PRIMARY KEY (a) ) The above adds up to 50 bytes per row. My experience is that I need another 40% to 50% for system overhead, without even any user-created indexes to the above. So, about 75 bytes per row. I will have many, many rows in the table, potentially upward of 145 billion rows, so the table is going to be pushing 13-14 Terabytes. What tricks, if any, could I use to compact this table? My possible ideas below -- Convert the REAL values to INTEGERs. If they can stored as SMALLINT, that is a saving of 2 bytes per field. Convert the columns b .. m into an array. I don't need to search on those columns, but I do need to be able to return one column's value at a time. So, if I need column g, I could do something like SELECT a, arr[5] FROM t; Would I save space with the array option? Would there be a speed penalty? Any other ideas?

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  • Using C struct without including header file

    - by shams
    My basic problem is that I want to use some structs and functions defined in a header file by not including that header file in my code. The header file is generated by a tool. Since I don't have access to the header file, I can't include it in my program. Here's a simple example of my scenario: first.h #ifndef FIRST_H_GUARD #define FIRST_H_GUARD typedef struct ComplexS { float real; float imag; } Complex; Complex add(Complex a, Complex b); // Other structs and functions #endif first.c #include "first.h" Complex add(Complex a, Complex b) { Complex res; res.real = a.real + b.real; res.imag = a.imag + b.imag; return res; } my_program.c // I cannot/do not want to include the first.h header file here // but I want to use the structs and functions from the first.h #include <stdio.h> int main() { Complex a; a.real = 3; a.imag = 4; Complex b; b.real = 6; b.imag = 2; Complex c = add(a, b); printf("Result (%4.2f, %4.2f)\n", c.real, c.imag); return 0; } My intention is to build an executable for my_program and then use the linker to link up the executables. Is what I want to achieve possible in C?

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  • Why we can't we overload "=" using friend function?

    - by ashish-sangwan
    Why it is not allowed to overload "=" using friend function? I have written a small program but it is giving error. class comp { int real; int imaginary; public: comp(){real=0; imaginary=0;} void show(){cout << "Real="<<real<<" Imaginary="<<imaginary<<endl;} void set(int i,int j){real=i;imaginary=j;} friend comp operator=(comp &op1,const comp &op2); }; comp operator=(comp &op1,const comp &op2) { op1.imaginary=op2.imaginary; op1.real=op2.real; return op1; } int main() { comp a,b; a.set(10,20); b=a; b.show(); return 0; } The compilation gives the following error :- [root@dogmatix stackoverflow]# g++ prog4.cpp prog4.cpp:11: error: ‘comp operator=(comp&, const comp&)’ must be a nonstatic member function prog4.cpp:14: error: ‘comp operator=(comp&, const comp&)’ must be a nonstatic member function prog4.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: prog4.cpp:25: error: ambiguous overload for ‘operator=’ in ‘b = a’ prog4.cpp:4: note: candidates are: comp& comp::operator=(const comp&) prog4.cpp:14: note: comp operator=(comp&, const comp&)

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  • can't install mysql-devel on centos 6.5

    - by Latheesan Kanes
    I need mysql-devel package to be installed on my CentOS 6.5 running Percona 5.5 (already installed & running). When I try to install the devel package like this: yum --enablerepo=remi install mysql-devel I get the following error: Error: Package: mysql-devel-5.5.37-1.el6.remi.i686 (remi) Requires: real-mysql-libs(x86-32) = 5.5.37-1.el6.remi Available: mysql-libs-5.5.36-1.el6.remi.i686 (remi) real-mysql-libs(x86-32) = 5.5.36-1.el6.remi Available: mysql-libs-5.5.37-1.el6.remi.i686 (remi) real-mysql-libs(x86-32) = 5.5.37-1.el6.remi Error: Package: mysql-5.5.37-1.el6.remi.i686 (remi) Requires: real-mysql-libs(x86-32) = 5.5.37-1.el6.remi Available: mysql-libs-5.5.36-1.el6.remi.i686 (remi) real-mysql-libs(x86-32) = 5.5.36-1.el6.remi Available: mysql-libs-5.5.37-1.el6.remi.i686 (remi) real-mysql-libs(x86-32) = 5.5.37-1.el6.remi Error: mysql conflicts with Percona-Server-client-55-5.5.37-rel35.0.el6.i686 Here's what's currently installed on my server: [root@server1 ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql php-mysqlnd.i686 5.4.29-1.el6.remi @remi [root@server1 ~]# yum list installed | grep percona Percona-Server-client-55.i686 5.5.37-rel35.0.el6 @percona Percona-Server-server-55.i686 5.5.37-rel35.0.el6 @percona Percona-Server-shared-55.i686 5.5.37-rel35.0.el6 @percona [root@server1 ~]# Any ideas how to fix this dependency error?

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  • cpu load measure with hyperthreading on linux

    - by dronus
    How can I get the true usage of a multicore hyperthreading enabled cpu? For example lets consider a 2 core CPU, expressing 4 virtual cores. A single threaded workload would now show up as 100% in top, as one core of the virtual cores is completely used. The CPU and top work as expected, like there would be 4 real cores. With two threads however, the things get arkward: If all works well, they are balanced to the two real cores, so we got 200% usage: Two times 100% and two idle virtual cores, and are using all of the available CPU power. Seems ok to me. However, if the two threads would run on a single real core, they would show up as using two times 100%, that makes 200% virtual core usage. But on the real side, that would be one core sharing its power on the two threads, which are then using only one half of the total CPU power. So the usage numbers shown by top can not be used to measure the total CPU workload. I also wonder how hyperthreading balances two virtual on a real core. If two threads take a different amount of cycles, would the virtual cores 'adapt' so that both show a 100% load even if the real load differ?

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  • objective-c Add to/Edit .plist file

    - by Dave
    Does writeToFile:atomically, add data to an existing .plist? Is it possible to modify a value in a .plist ? SHould the app be recompiled to take effect the change? I have a custom .plist list in my app. The structure is as below: <array> <dict> <key>Title</key> <string>MyTitle</string> <key>Measurement</key> <dict> <key>prop1</key> <real>28.86392</real> <key>prop2</key> <real>75.12451</real> </dict> <key>Distance</key> <dict> <key>prop3</key> <real>37.49229</real> <key>prop4</key> <real>58.64502</real> </dict> </dict> </array> The array tag holds multiple items with same structure. I need to add items to the existing .plist. Is that possible? I can write a UIView to do just that, if so. *EDIT - OK, I just tried to writetofile hoping it would atleast overwrite if not add to it. Strangely, the following code selects different path while reading and writing. NSString *rootPath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) objectAtIndex:0]; The .plist file is in my project. I can read from it. When I write to it, it is creating a .plist file and saving it in my /users/.../library/! Does this make sense to anyone?

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  • IPvsadm not equally balancing on wlc scheduler

    - by davidsmalley
    For some reason, ipvsadm does not seem to be equally balancing the connections between my real servers when using the wlc or lc schedulers. One real server gets absolutely hammered with requests while the others receive relatively few connections. My ldirectord.cf file looks like this: quiescent = yes autoreload = yes checktimeout = 10 checkinterval = 10 # *.site.com http virtual = 111.111.111.111:http real = 10.10.10.1:http ipip 10 real = 10.10.10.2:http ipip 10 real = 10.10.10.3:http ipip 10 real = 10.10.10.4:http ipip 10 real = 10.10.10.5:http ipip 10 scheduler = lc protocol = tcp service = http checktype = negotiate request = "/lb" receive = "Up and running" virtualhost = "site.com" fallback = 127.0.0.1:http The weird thing that I think may be causing the problem (but I'm really not sure) is that ipvsadm doesn't seem to be tracking active connections properly, they all appear as inactive connections IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn TCP 111.111.111.111:http lc -> 10.10.10.1:http Tunnel 10 0 10 -> 10.10.10.2:http Tunnel 10 0 18 -> 10.10.10.3:http Tunnel 10 0 3 -> 10.10.10.4:http Tunnel 10 0 10 -> 10.10.10.5:http Tunnel 10 0 5 If I do ipvsadm -Lnc then I see lots of connections but only ever in ESTABLISHED & FIN_WAIT states. I was using ldirectord previously on a Gentoo based load balancer and the activeconn used to be accurate, since moving to Ubuntu 10.4 LTS something seems to be different. # ipvsadm -v ipvsadm v1.25 2008/5/15 (compiled with popt and IPVS v1.2.1) So, is ipvsadm not tracking active connections properly and thus making load balancing work incorrectly and if so, how do I get it to work properly again? Edit: It gets weirder, if I cat /proc/net/ip_vs then it looks like the correct activeconns are there IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn TCP B86A9732:0050 rr -> 0AB42453:0050 Tunnel 10 1 24 -> 0AB4321D:0050 Tunnel 10 0 23 -> 0AB426B2:0050 Tunnel 10 2 25 -> 0AB4244C:0050 Tunnel 10 2 22 -> 0AB42024:0050 Tunnel 10 2 23

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  • Defining a Class in Objective C, XCode

    - by Brett
    Hello; I am new to Objective C, and am trying to write a class that defines a complex number. The code seems fine but when I print to the console, my values for instance variables are 0. Here is the code: // // ComplexNumber.h // Mandelbrot Set // // Created by Brett on 10-06-02. // Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. // #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <stdio.h> @interface ComplexNumber : NSObject { double real; double imaginary; } // Getters -(double) real; -(double) imaginary; // Setters -(void)setReal: (double) a andImaginary: (double) b; //Function -(ComplexNumber *)squared; @end // // ComplexNumber.m // Mandelbrot Set // // Created by Brett on 10-06-02. // Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. // #import "ComplexNumber.h" #import <math.h> #import <stdio.h> @implementation ComplexNumber -(double)real{ return self->real; } -(double)imaginary{ return self->imaginary; } -(void)setReal: (double) a andImaginary: (double) b{ self->real=a; self->imaginary=b; } -(ComplexNumber *)squared{ double a = pow(real,2); double b = pow(imaginary, 2); double c = 2*real*imaginary; ComplexNumber *d; [d setReal:(a-b) andImaginary: c]; return d; } @end In the App Delegate for debugging purposes I added: - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { ComplexNumber *testNumber = [[ComplexNumber alloc] init]; [testNumber setReal:55.0 andImaginary:30.0]; NSLog(@"%d", testNumber.real); // Override point for customization after app launch [window addSubview:viewController.view]; [window makeKeyAndVisible]; return YES; } But the console returns 0 everytime. Help?

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  • Having trouble with a small example from school

    - by Kalec
    The example is from a course, it's for comparing two objects in java: public class Complex { ... public boolean equals (Object obj) { if (obj instanceof Complex) { // if obj is "Complex" (complex number) Complex c = (Complex) obj // No idea return (real == c.real) && (imag == c.imag); // I'm guessing real means [this].real } return false; } } So, my question is: "what does this: Complex c = (Complex) obj actually mean" ? Also I've worked with python and c++, java is new for me.

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  • Some questions regarding Hostname

    - by user481913
    I just bought a new VPS hosting plan and i have a few questions. Hope someone here can clear the doubts for me. 1) Is it necessary to have a real domain for a vps hostname? I suppose i can just use a non-real domain like anydomain.com and something like 'server' for the computer name. Therefore i'll end up with something like server.anydomain.com as the vps's hostname. I want to do this for the sake of putting in a hostname to configure the vps to get it going . So, since this non-real domain name does not need to be publicly accessible i don't need to register or own it and instead access the server by the ip address. Is that correct? But i suppose that this also depends upon if my web host allows that? 2)I would also like to run some real sites with real domain names on this vps, so can i just configure the zone file on the primary nameserver and make entries for these domains and point an A record at the Vps's IP to make them publicly accessible over the internet? For example for my 1st domain i could make an entry like this: $TTL 86400 mydomain1.com. IN SOA ns1.mywebhost.com. \ admin.mydomain1.com. ( 2004011522 ; Serial no., based on date 21600 ; Refresh after 6 hours 3600 ; Retry after 1 hour 604800 ; Expire after 7 days 3600 ; Minimum TTL of 1 hour ) server IN A 200._._._ ns1.mywebhost.com. IN A 216._._._ ns2.mywebhost.com. IN A 205._._._ @ IN NS ns1.mywebhost.com. @ IN NS ns2.mywebhost.com. @ IN MX 10 server www IN CNAME server server IN CNAME @ (so this particular line tells the nameserver to point the url mydomain1.com to server.anydomain.com at the particular ip addresss in the A record.... is that right?) Similarly for my 2nd domain i could have a similar entry : $TTL 86400 mydomain2.com. IN SOA ns1.mywebhost.com. \ admin.mydomain2.com. (..... ............................so on........ ......................................... ......................................... ......................................... ......................................... ......................................... Is that correct? 3) Suppose for my vps hostname, i ignorantly chose a domain that someone else alreadys owns , however i think that it won't affect the public accessibility of the real domain or website since only the real owner of the domain has the rights to provide for the nameservers addresses in the TLD registeries through his Domian Registerar? Is that correct? 4)Can i change my vps's hostname later? Would this create any complications?

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  • OTN ???? ?????? ???????

    - by Yusuke.Yamamoto
    Database ?? Database ??????? Database ?????????? Java WebLogic Server/????????·???? SOA/BPM/????? ???????/???? ID??/?????? ?????EPM/BI EPM/BI ??????? EPM/BI ???? OS/??? ???? ????? MySQL Database ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ORACLE MASTER??Master??ORACLE MASTER Bronze?Bronze DBA11g? ??(WMV)??(MP4)2011/6/22 ORACLE MASTER??Master??ORACLE MASTER Bronze?11g SQL??????(WMV)??(MP4)2011/3/9 ORACLE MASTER??Master??ORACLE MASTER Silver?Silver DBA11g???(WMV)??(MP4)2010/3/2 ORACLE MASTER??Master??ORACLE MASTER Silver?Silver DBA11g?[10g-11g???] ??(WMV)??(MP4)2012/4/23 ORACLE MASTER??Master??ORACLE MASTER Gold DBA11g ??(WMV)??(MP4)2011/2/23 ORACLE MASTER??Master??ORACLE MASTER Gold ?Gold DBA11g ????[??]??(WMV)??(MP4)2012/4/23 ORACLE MASTER??Master??30?????? ORACLE MASTER??????(WMV)??(MP4)2012/9/3 Oracle Database???????????????!Oracle??????????!???(WMV)??(MP4)2010/9/8 Oracle Database???????????????????!? Oracle?? ?????(WMV)??(MP4)2011/4/13 Oracle Database???????????????????!? Oracle?? ??????????(WMV)??(MP4)2011/4/20 Oracle Database???????????????????????????!? ??????????-?????(WMV)??(MP4)2012/2/20 Oracle Database???????????????????????????!? ??????????-?????(WMV)??(MP4)2012/2/20 Oracle Database????????????60???????!?????????????·???????? ??(WMV)??(MP4)2011/5/17 Oracle Database???Step by Step?????!? Oracle Database 11g -?????????-??(WMV)??(MP4)2009/12/17 Oracle Database???Step by Step?????!? OracleDatabase11g -???????????(WMV)??(MP4)2009/12/24 Oracle Database???Step by Step?????!? Oracle Database 11g -?????????(WMV)??(MP4)2009/12/10 Oracle Database DBA?????????????????!???????????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/12/21 Oracle Database DBA?????????????????!????????·??????????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/11/16 Oracle Database DBA?????????????????!???????·????????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/12/15 Oracle Database DBA?????????????????!???????????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/7/21 Oracle Database DBA?????????????????!?Export/Import?????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/9/8 Oracle Database DBA??????????????????!??????????????(WMV)??(MP4)2011/7/20 Oracle Database DBA?????????·????????!!????????!?????????SQL????????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/11/24 Oracle Database DBA?????????·?????????SQL????????????!SQL????????(WMV)??(MP4)2012/1/23 Oracle Database DBA?????????·????????!!???????·??????~DiskI/O?????????~??(WMV)??(MP4)2011/3/9 Oracle Database DBA?????????·????????!!???????·??????~SQL???????~??(WMV)??(MP4)2011/9/20 Oracle Database DBA?????????·????????!???????·??????-Statspack??-??(WMV)??(MP4)2010/7/28 Oracle Database DBA?????????·????????!!???????·??????~??????????~??(WMV)??(MP4)2010/8/4 Oracle Database DBA?????????·????????!!???????·??????-?????????-??(WMV)??(MP4)2010/7/14 Oracle Database DBA?????????·?????? ??!????????????? ??????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/7/7 Oracle Database DBA?????????·????????!????????????? ??????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/7/7 Oracle Database DBA?????????·????????!! ????????DB ??????Tips??(WMV)??(MP4)2010/8/5 Oracle Database DBA??????????!!??????~Oracle Database???~??(WMV)??(MP4)2010/8/31 Oracle Database DBA??????????!!??????~OracleDatabase????~??(WMV)??(MP4)2010/8/24 Oracle Database DBA???????????????????????????????????????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/4/27 Oracle Database DBA????????&?????????????·???? - ?????RMAN??????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/10/13 Oracle Database DBA????????&???????!!??????·????-???????????-??(WMV)??(MP4)2010/9/8 Oracle Database DBA????????&???????!??????·???? ~?????? VS RMAN ?????????~??(WMV)??(MP4)2012/1/23 Oracle Database DBA????????&???????!??????·???? ~????????????~??(WMV)??(MP4)2011/7/27 Oracle Database DBA????????&?????????????????-???????????????????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/10/6 Oracle Database Developer??????????????? Oracle SQL????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/10/20 Oracle Database Developer??????????????? Oracle PL/SQL????(WMV)??(MP4)2012/1/23 Oracle Database Developer????????!!PL/SQL????????(WMV)??(MP4)2011/03 Oracle Database Developer?????????????????????(WMV)??(MP4)2011/5/25 Oracle Database Developer??Java??java???!??(WMV)??(MP4)2009/11/26 Database ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? DB???????????????!Oracle Database????????(WMV)??(MP4)2010/5/12 DB???????????????????? Oracle Enterprise Manager??(WMV)??(MP4)2012/1/23 DB??????????!Oracle Enterprise Manager???????????????? ??(WMV)??(MP4)2012/1/23 DB??????????!Oracle Enterprise Manager??????????????·?????? ??(WMV)??(MP4)2012/1/23 DB?????????????(UX)????????????????????(WMV)??(MP4)2011/4/6 DB???????????????????????????????Oracle Enterprise Manager??????!??(WMV)??(MP4)2012/1/23 DB???JP1??????????????????????!JP1???????????(WMV)??(MP4)2011/6/9 DB???JP1JP1???????!DB????????·??????!??(WMV)??(MP4)2011/1/12 DB???SAP"SAP on Oracle Database"???Tips??(WMV)??(MP4)2011/1/12 DB?????????????????! 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  • obiee memory usage

    - by user554629
    Heap memory is a frequent customer topic. Here's the quick refresher, oriented towards AIX, but the principles apply to other unix implementations. 1. 32-bit processes have a maximum addressability of 4GB; usable application heap size of 2-3 GB.  On AIX it is controlled by an environment variable: export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x080000000   # 2GB ( The leading zero is deliberate, not required )   1a. It is  possible to get 3.25GB  heap size for a 32-bit process using @DSA (Discontiguous Segment Allocation)     export LDR_CNTRL=MAXDATA=0xd0000000@DSA  # 3.25 GB 32-bit only        One side-effect of using AIX segments "c" and "d" is that shared libraries will be loaded privately, and not shared.        If you need the additional heap space, this is worth the trade-off.  This option is frequently used for 32-bit java.   1b. 64-bit processes have no need for the @DSA option. 2. 64-bit processes can double the 32-bit heap size to 4GB using: export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x100000000  # 1 with 8-zeros    2a. But this setting would place the same memory limitations on obiee as a 32-bit process    2b. The major benefit of 64-bit is to break the binds of 32-bit addressing.  At a minimum, use 8GB export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x200000000  # 2 with 8-zeros    2c.  Many large customers are providing extra safety to their servers by using 16GB: export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x400000000  # 4 with 8-zeros There is no performance penalty for providing virtual memory allocations larger than required by the application.  - If the server only uses 2GB of space in 64-bit ... specifying 16GB just provides an upper bound cushion.    When an unexpected user query causes a sudden memory surge, the extra memory keeps the server running. 3.  The next benefit to 64-bit is that you can provide huge thread stack sizes for      strange queries that might otherwise crash the server.      nqsserver uses fast recursive algorithms to traverse complicated control structures.    This means lots of thread space to hold the stack frames.    3a. Stack frames mostly contain register values;  64-bit registers are twice as large as 32-bit          At a minimum you should  quadruple the size of the server stack threads in NQSConfig.INI          when migrating from 32- to 64-bit, to prevent a rogue query from crashing the server.           Allocate more than is normally necessary for safety.    3b. There is no penalty for allocating more stack size than you need ...           it is just virtual memory;   no real resources  are consumed until the extra space is needed.    3c. Increasing thread stack sizes may require the process heap size (MAXDATA) to be increased.          Heap space is used for dynamic memory requests, and for thread stacks.          No performance penalty to run with large heap and thread stack sizes.           In a 32-bit world, this safety would require careful planning to avoid exceeding 2GM usable storage.     3d. Increasing the number of threads also may require additional heap storage.          Most thread stack frames on obiee are allocated when the server is started,          and the real memory usage increases as threads run work. Does 2.8GB sound like a lot of memory for an AIX application server? - I guess it is what you are accustomed to seeing from "grandpa's applications". - One of the primary design goals of obiee is to trade memory for services ( db, query caches, etc) - 2.8GB is still well under the 4GB heap size allocated with MAXDATA=0x100000000 - 2.8GB process size is also possible even on 32-bit Windows applications - It is not unusual to receive a sudden request for 30MB of contiguous storage on obiee.- This is not a memory leak;  eventually the nqsserver storage will stabilize, but it may take days to do so. vmstat is the tool of choice to observe memory usage.  On AIX vmstat will show  something that may be  startling to some people ... that available free memory ( the 2nd column ) is always  trending toward zero ... no available free memory.  Some customers have concluded that "nearly zero memory free" means it is time to upgrade the server with more real memory.   After the upgrade, the server again shows very little free memory available. Should you be concerned about this?   Many customers are !!  Here is what is happening: - AIX filesystems are built on a paging model.   If you read/write a  filesystem block it is paged into memory ( no read/write system calls ) - This filesystem "page" has its own "backing store" on disk, the original filesystem block.   When the system needs the real memory page holding the file block, there is no need to "page out".    The page can be stolen immediately, because the original is still on disk in the filesystem. - The filesystem  pages tend to collect ... every filesystem block that was ever seen since    system boot is available in memory.  If another application needs the file block, it is retrieved with no physical I/O. What happens if the system does need the memory ... to satisfy a 30MB heap request by nqsserver, for example? - Since the filesystem blocks have their own backing store ( not on a paging device )   the kernel can just steal any filesystem block ... on a least-recently-used basis   to satisfy a new real memory request for "computation pages". No cause for alarm.   vmstat is accurately displaying whether all filesystem blocks have been touched, and now reside in memory.   Back to nqsserver:  when should you be worried about its memory footprint? Answer:  Almost never.   Stop monitoring it ... stop fussing over it ... stop trying to optimize it. This is a production application, and nqsserver uses the memory it requires to accomplish the job, based on demand. C'mon ... never worry?   I'm from New York ... worry is what we do best. Ok, here is the metric you should be watching, using vmstat: - Are you paging ... there are several columns of vmstat outputbash-2.04$ vmstat 3 3 System configuration: lcpu=4 mem=4096MB kthr    memory              page              faults        cpu    ----- ------------ ------------------------ ------------ -----------  r  b    avm   fre  re  pi  po  fr   sr  cy  in   sy  cs us sy id wa  0  0 208492  2600   0   0   0   0    0   0  13   45  73  0  0 99  0  0  0 208492  2600   0   0   0   0    0   0   9   12  77  0  0 99  0  0  0 208492  2600   0   0   0   0    0   0   9   40  86  0  0 99  0 avm is the "available free memory" indicator that trends toward zerore   is "re-page".  The kernel steals a real memory page for one process;  immediately repages back to original processpi  "page in".   A process memory page previously paged out, now paged back in because the process needs itpo "page out" A process memory block was paged out, because it was needed by some other process Light paging activity ( re, pi, po ) is not a concern for worry.   Processes get started, need some memory, go away. Sustained paging activity  is cause for concern.   obiee users are having a terrible day if these counters are always changing. Hang on ... if nqsserver needs that memory and I reduce MAXDATA to keep the process under control, won't the nqsserver process crash when the memory is needed? Yes it will.   It means that nqsserver is configured to require too much memory and there are  lots of options to reduce the real memory requirement.  - number of threads  - size of query cache  - size of sort But I need nqsserver to keep running. Real memory is over-committed.    Many things can cause this:- running all application processes on a single server    ... DB server, web servers, WebLogic/WebSphere, sawserver, nqsserver, etc.   You could move some of those to another host machine and communicate over the network  The need for real memory doesn't go away, it's just distributed to other host machines. - AIX LPAR is configured with too little memory.     The AIX admin needs to provide more real memory to the LPAR running obiee. - More memory to this LPAR affects other partitions. Then it's time to visit your friendly IBM rep and buy more memory.

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  • Understanding the memory consumption on iPhone

    - by zoul
    Hello! I am working on a 2D iPhone game using OpenGL ES and I keep hitting the 24 MB memory limit – my application keeps crashing with the error code 101. I tried real hard to find where the memory goes, but the numbers in Instruments are still much bigger than what I would expect. I ran the application with the Memory Monitor, Object Alloc, Leaks and OpenGL ES instruments. When the application gets loaded, free physical memory drops from 37 MB to 23 MB, the Object Alloc settles around 7 MB, Leaks show two or three leaks a few bytes in size, the Gart Object Size is about 5 MB and Memory Monitor says the application takes up about 14 MB of real memory. I am perplexed as where did the memory go – when I dig into the Object Allocations, most of the memory is in the textures, exactly as I would expect. But both my own texture allocation counter and the Gart Object Size agree that the textures should take up somewhere around 5 MB. I am not aware of allocating anything else that would be worth mentioning, and the Object Alloc agrees. Where does the memory go? (I would be glad to supply more details if this is not enough.) Update: I really tried to find where I could allocate so much memory, but with no results. What drives me wild is the difference between the Object Allocations (~7 MB) and real memory usage as shown by Memory Monitor (~14 MB). Even if there were huge leaks or huge chunks of memory I forget about, the should still show up in the Object Allocations, shouldn’t they? I’ve already tried the usual suspects, ie. the UIImage with its caching, but that did not help. Is there a way to track memory usage “debugger-style”, line by line, watching each statement’s impact on memory usage? What I have found so far: I really am using that much memory. It is not easy to measure the real memory consumption, but after a lot of counting I think the memory consumption is really that high. My fault. I found no easy way to measure the memory used. The Memory Monitor numbers are accurate (these are the numbers that really matter), but the Memory Monitor can’t tell you where exactly the memory goes. The Object Alloc tool is almost useless for tracking the real memory usage. When I create a texture, the allocated memory counter goes up for a while (reading the texture into the memory), then drops (passing the texture data to OpenGL, freeing). This is OK, but does not always happen – sometimes the memory usage stays high even after the texture has been passed on to OpenGL and freed from “my” memory. This means that the total amount of memory allocated as shown by the Object Alloc tool is smaller than the real total memory consumption, but bigger than the real consumption minus textures (real – textures < object alloc < real). Go figure. I misread the Programming Guide. The memory limit of 24 MB applies to textures and surfaces, not the whole application. The actual red line lies a bit further, but I could not find any hard numbers. The consensus is that 25–30 MB is the ceiling. When the system gets short on memory, it starts sending the memory warning. I have almost nothing to free, but other applications do release some memory back to the system, especially Safari (which seems to be caching the websites). When the free memory as shown in the Memory Monitor goes zero, the system starts killing. I had to bite the bullet and rewrite some parts of the code to be more efficient on memory, but I am probably still pushing it. I

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  • Right-Time Retail Part 3

    - by David Dorf
    This is part three of the three-part series.  Read Part 1 and Part 2 first. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Right-Time Marketing Real-time isn’t just about executing faster; it extends to interactions with customers as well. As an industry, we’ve spent many years analyzing all the data that’s been collected. Yes, that data has been invaluable in helping us make better decisions like where to open new stores, how to assort those stores, and how to price our products. But the recent advances in technology are now making it possible to analyze and deliver that data very quickly… fast enough to impact a potential sale in near real-time. Let me give you two examples. Salesmen in car dealerships get pretty good at sizing people up. When a potential customer walks in the door, it doesn’t take long for the salesman to figure out the revenue at stake. Is this person a real buyer, or just looking for a fun test drive? Will this person buy today or three months from now? Will this person opt for the expensive packages, or go bare bones? While the salesman certainly asks some leading questions, much of information is discerned through body language. But body language doesn’t translate very well over the web. Eloqua, which was acquired by Oracle earlier this year, reads internet body language. By tracking the behavior of the people visiting your web site, Eloqua categorizes visitors based on their propensity to buy. While Eloqua’s roots have been in B2B, we’ve been looking at leveraging the technology with ATG to target B2C. Knowing what sites were previously visited, how often the customer has been to your site recently, and how long they’ve spent searching can help understand where the customer is in their purchase journey. And knowing that bit of information may be enough to help close the deal with a real-time offer, follow-up email, or online customer service pop-up. This isn’t so different from the days gone by when the clerk behind the counter of the corner store noticed you were lingering in a particular aisle, so he walked over to help you compare two products and close the sale. You appreciated the personalized service, and he knew the value of the long-term relationship. Move that same concept into the digital world and you have Oracle’s CX Suite, a cloud-based offering of end-to-end customer experience tools, assembled primarily from acquisitions. Those tools are Oracle Marketing (Eloqua), Oracle Commerce (ATG, Endeca), Oracle Sales (Oracle CRM On Demand), Oracle Service (RightNow), Oracle Social (Collective Intellect, Vitrue, Involver), and Oracle Content (Fatwire). We are providing the glue that binds the CIO and CMO together to unleash synergies that drive the top-line higher, and by virtue of the cloud-approach, keep costs at bay. My second example of real-time marketing takes place in the store but leverages the concepts of Web marketing. In 1962 the decline of personalized service in retail began. Anyone know the significance of that year? That’s when Target, K-Mart, and Walmart each opened their first stores, and over the succeeding years the industry chose scale over personal service. No longer were you known as “Jane with the snotty kid so make sure we check her out fast,” but you suddenly became “time-starved female age 20-30 with kids.” I’m not saying that was a bad thing – it was the right thing for our industry at the time, and it enabled a huge amount of growth, cheaper prices, and more variety of products. But scale alone is no longer good enough. Today’s sophisticated consumer demands scale, experience, and personal attention. To some extent we’ve delivered that on websites via the magic of cookies, your willingness to log in, and sophisticated data analytics. What store manager wouldn’t love a report detailing all the visitors to his store, where they came from, and which products that examined? People trackers are getting more sophisticated, incorporating infrared, video analytics, and even face recognition. (Next time you walk in front on a mannequin, don’t be surprised if it’s looking back.) But the ultimate marketing conduit is the mobile phone. Since each mobile phone emits a unique number on WiFi networks, it becomes the cookie of the physical world. Assuming congress keeps privacy safeguards reasonable, we’ll have a win-win situation for both retailers and consumers. Retailers get to know more about the consumer’s purchase journey, and consumers get higher levels of service with the retailer. When I call my bank, a couple things happen before the call is connected. A reverse look-up on my phone number identifies me so my accounts can be retrieved from Siebel CRM. Then the system anticipates why I’m calling based on recent transactions. In this example, it sees that I was just charged a foreign currency fee, so it assumes that’s the reason I’m calling. It puts all the relevant information on the customer service rep’s screen as it connects the call. When I complain about the fee, the rep immediately sees I’m a great customer and I travel lots, so she suggests switching me to their traveler’s card that doesn’t have foreign transaction fees. That technology is powered by a product called Oracle Real-Time Decisions, a rules engine built to execute very quickly, basically in the time it takes the phone to ring once. So let’s combine the power of that product with our new-found mobile cookie and provide contextual customer interactions in real-time. Our first opportunity comes when a customer crosses a pre-defined geo-fence, typically a boundary around the store. Context is the key to our interaction: that’s the customer (known or anonymous), the time of day and day of week, and location. Thomas near the downtown store on a Wednesday at noon means he’s heading to lunch. If he were near the mall location on a Saturday morning, that’s a completely different context. But on his way to lunch, we’ll let Thomas know that we’ve got a new shipment of ASICS running shoes on display with a simple text message. We used the context to look-up Thomas’ past purchases and understood he was an avid runner. We used the fact that this was lunchtime to select the type of message, in this case an informational message instead of an offer. Thomas enters the store, phone in hand, and walks to the shoe department. He scans one of the new ASICS shoes using the convenient QR Codes we provided on the shelf-tags, but then he starts scanning low-end Nikes. Each scan is another opportunity to both learn from Thomas and potentially interact via another message. Since he historically buys low-end Nikes and keeps scanning them, he’s likely falling back into his old ways. Our marketing rules are currently set to move loyal customer to higher margin products. We could have set the dials to increase visit frequency, move overstocked items, increase basket size, or many other settings, but today we are trying to move Thomas to higher-margin products. We send Thomas another text message, this time it’s a personalized offer for 10% off ASICS good for 24 hours. Offering him a discount on Nikes would be throwing margin away since he buys those anyway. We are using our marketing dollars to change behavior that increases the long-term value of Thomas. He decides to buy the ASICS and scans the discount code on his phone at checkout. Checkout is yet another opportunity to interact with Thomas, so the transaction is sent back to Oracle RTD for evaluation. Since Thomas didn’t buy anything with the shoes, we’ll print a bounce-back coupon on the receipt offering 30% off ASICS socks if he returns within seven days. We have successfully started moving Thomas from low-margin to high-margin products. In both of these marketing scenarios, we are able to leverage data in near real-time to decide how best to interact with the customer and lead to an increase in the lifetime value of the customer. The key here is acting at the moment the customer shows interest using the context of the situation. We aren’t pushing random products at haphazard times. We are tailoring the marketing to be very specific to this customer, and it’s the technology that allows this to happen in near real-time. Conclusion As we enable more right-time integrations and interactions, retailers will begin to offer increased service to their customers. Localized and personalized service at scale will drive loyalty and lead to meaningful revenue growth for the retailers that execute well. Our industry needs to support Commerce Anywhere…and commerce anytime as well.

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  • Twitter traffic might not be what it seems

    - by Piet
    Are you using bit.ly stats to measure interest in the links you post on twitter? I’ve been hearing for a while about people claiming to get the majority of their traffic originating from twitter these days. Now, I’ve been playing with the twitter ruby gem recently, doing various experiments which I’ll not go into detail here because they could be regarded as spamming… if I’d conduct them on a large scale, that is. It’s scary to see people actually engaging with @replies crafted with some regular expressions and eliza-like trickery on status updates found using the twitter api. I’m wondering how Twitter is going to contain the coming spam-flood. When posting links I used bit.ly as url shortener, since this one seems to be the de-facto standard on twitter. A nice thing about bit.ly is that it shows some basic stats about the redirects it performs for your shortened links. To my surprise, most links posted almost immediately resulted in several visitors. Now, seeing that I was posting the links together with some information concerning what the link is about, I concluded that the people who were actually clicking the links should be very targeted visitors. This felt a bit like free adwords, and I suddenly started to understand why everyone was raving about getting traffic from twitter. How wrong I was! (and I think several 1000 online marketers with me) On the destination site I used a traffic logging solution that works by including a little javascript snippet in your pages. It seemed that somehow all visitors disappeared after the bit.ly redirect and before getting to the site, because I was hardly seeing any visitors there. So I started investigating what was happening: by looking at the logfiles of the destination site, and by making my own ’shortened’ urls by doing redirects using a very short domain name I own. This way, I could check the apache access_log before the redirects. Most user agents turned out to be bots without a doubt. Here’s an excerpt of user-agents awk’ed from apache’s access_log for a time period of about one hour, right after posting some links: AideRSS 2.0 (postrank.com) Java/1.6.0_13 Java/1.6.0_14 libwww-perl/5.816 MLBot (www.metadatalabs.com/mlbot) Mozilla/4.0 (compatible;MSIE 5.01; Windows -NT 5.0 - real-url.org) Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Twitturls; +http://twitturls.com) Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Viralheat Bot/1.0; +http://www.viralheat.com/) Mozilla/5.0 (Danger hiptop 4.6; U; rv:1.7.12) Gecko/20050920 Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-us; rv:1.9.0.2) Gecko/2008092313 Ubuntu/9.04 (jaunty) Firefox/3.5 OpenCalaisSemanticProxy PycURL/7.18.2 PycURL/7.19.3 Python-urllib/1.17 Twingly Recon twitmatic Twitturly / v0.6 Wget/1.10.2 (Red Hat modified) Wget/1.11.1 (Red Hat modified) Of the few user-agents that seem ‘real’ at first, half are originating from an ip-address used by Amazon EC2. And I doubt people are setting op proxies on there. Oh yeah, Googlebot (the real deal, from a legit google owned address) is sucking up posted links like fresh oysters. I guess google is trying to make sure in advance to never be beaten by twitter in the ‘realtime search’ department. Actually, I think it’d be almost stupid NOT to post any new pages/posts/websites on Twitter, it must be one of the fastest ways to get a Googlebot visit. Same experiment with a real, established twitter account Now, because I was posting the url’s either as ’status’ messages or directed @people, on a test-account with hardly any (human) followers, I checked again using the twitter accounts from a commercial site I’m involved with. These accounts all have between 500 and 1000 targeted (I think) followers. I checked the destination access_logs and also added ‘my’ redirect after the bit.ly redirect: same results, although seemingly a bit higher real visitor/bot ratio. Btw: one of these account was ‘punished’ with a 1 week lock recently because the same (1 one!) status update was sent that was sent right before using another account. They got an email explaining the lock because the account didn’t act according to their TOS. I can’t find anything in their TOS about it, can you? I don’t think Twitter is on the right track punishing a legit account, knowing the trickery I had been doing with it’s api went totally unpunished. I might be wrong though, I often am. On the other hand: this commercial site reported targeted traffic and actual signups from visitors coming from Twitter. The ones that are really real visitors are also very targeted. I’m just not sure if the amount of work involved could hold up against an adwords campaign. Reposting the same link over and over again helps On thing I noticed: It helps to keep on reposting the same links with regular intervals. I guess most people only look at their first page when checking out recent posts of the ones they’re following, or don’t look too far back when performing a search. Now, this probably isn’t according to the twitter TOS. Actually, it might be spamming but no-one is obligated to follow anyone else of course. This way, I was getting more real visitors and less bots. To my surprise (when my programmer’s hat is on) there were still repeated visits from the same bots coming from the same ip-addresses. Did they expect to find something else when visiting for a 2nd or 3rd time? (actually,this gave me an idea: you can’t change a link once it’s posted, but you can change where it redirects to) Most bots were smart enough not to follow the same link again though. Are you successful in getting real visitors from Twitter? Are you only relying on bit.ly to provide traffic stats?

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  • Right-Time Retail Part 1

    - by David Dorf
    This is the first in a three-part series. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Right-Time Revolution Technology enables some amazing feats in retail. I can order flowers for my wife while flying 30,000 feet in the air. I can order my groceries in the subway and have them delivered later that day. I can even see how clothes look on me without setting foot in a store. Who knew that a TV, diamond necklace, or even a car would someday be as easy to purchase as a candy bar? Can technology make a mattress an impulse item? Wake-up and your back is hurting, so you rollover and grab your iPad, then a new mattress is delivered the next day. Behind the scenes the many processes are being choreographed to make the sale happen. This includes moving data between systems with the least amount for friction, which in some cases is near real-time. But real-time isn’t appropriate for all the integrations. Think about what a completely real-time retailer would look like. A consumer grabs toothpaste off the shelf, and all systems are immediately notified so that the backroom clerk comes running out and pushes the consumer aside so he can replace the toothpaste on the shelf. Such a system is not only cost prohibitive, but it’s also very inefficient and ineffectual. Retailers must balance the realities of people, processes, and systems to find the right speed of execution. That’ what “right-time retail” means. Retailers used to sell during the day and count the money and restock at night, but global expansion and the Web have complicated that simplistic viewpoint. Our 24hr society demands not only access but also speed, which constantly pushes the boundaries of our IT systems. In the last twenty years, there have been three major technology advancements that have moved us closer to real-time systems. Networking is the first technology that drove the real-time trend. As systems became connected, it became easier to move data between them. In retail we no longer had to mail the daily business report back to corporate each day as the dial-up modem could transfer the data. That was soon replaced with trickle-polling, when sale transactions were occasionally sent from stores to corporate throughout the day, often through VSAT. Then we got terrestrial networks like DSL and Ethernet that allowed the constant stream of data between stores and corporate. When corporate could see the sales transactions coming from stores, it could better plan for replenishment and promotions. That drove the need for speed into the supply chain and merchandising, but for many years those systems were stymied by the huge volumes of data. Nordstrom has 150 million SKU/Store combinations when planning (RPAS); The Gap generates 110 million price changes during end-of-season (RPM); Argos does 1.78 billion calculations executed each day for replenishment planning (AIP). These areas are now being alleviated by the second technology, storage. The typical laptop disk drive runs at 5,400rpm with PCs stepping up to 7,200rpm and servers hitting 15,000rpm. But the platters can only spin so fast, so to squeeze more performance we’ve had to rely on things like disk striping. Then solid state drives (SSDs) were introduced and prices continue to drop. (Augmenting your harddrive with a SSD is the single best PC upgrade these days.) RAM continues to be expensive, but compressing data in memory has allowed more efficient use. So a few years back, Oracle decided to build a box that incorporated all these advancements to move us closer to real-time. This family of products, often categorized as engineered systems, combines the hardware and software so that they work together to provide better performance. How much better? If Exadata powered a 747, you’d go from New York to Paris in 42 minutes, and it would carry 5,000 passengers. If Exadata powered baseball, games would last only 18 minutes and Boston’s Fenway would hold 370,000 fans. The Exa-family enables processing more data in less time. So with faster networks and storage, that brings us to the third and final ingredient. If we continue to process data in traditional ways, we won’t be able to take advantage of the faster networks and storage. Enter what Harvard calls “The Sexiest Job of the 21st Century” – the data scientist. New technologies like the Hadoop-powered Oracle Big Data Appliance, Oracle Advanced Analytics, and Oracle Endeca Information Discovery change the way in which we organize data. These technologies allow us to extract actionable information from raw data at incredible speeds, often ad-hoc. So the foundation to support the real-time enterprise exists, but how does a retailer begin to take advantage? The most visible way is through real-time marketing, but I’ll save that for part 3 and instead begin with improved integrations for the assets you already have in part 2.

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