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  • Unit testing and mocking email sender in Python with Google AppEngine

    - by CVertex
    I'm a newbie to python and the app engine. I have this code that sends an email based on request params after some auth logic. in my Unit tests (i'm using GAEUnit), how do I confirm an email with specific contents were sent? - i.e. how do I mock the emailer with a fake emailer to verify send was called? class EmailHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def bad_input(self): self.response.set_status(400) self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain' self.response.out.write("<html><body>bad input </body></html>") def get(self): to_addr = self.request.get("to") subj = self.request.get("subject") msg = self.request.get("body") if not mail.is_email_valid(to_addr): # Return an error message... # self.bad_input() pass # authenticate here message = mail.EmailMessage() message.sender = "[email protected]" message.to = to_addr message.subject = subj message.body = msg message.send() self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain' self.response.out.write("<html><body>success!</body></html>") And the unit tests, import unittest from webtest import TestApp from google.appengine.ext import webapp from email import EmailHandler class SendingEmails(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.application = webapp.WSGIApplication([('/', EmailHandler)], debug=True) def test_success(self): app = TestApp(self.application) response = app.get('http://localhost:8080/[email protected]&body=blah_blah_blah&subject=mySubject') self.assertEqual('200 OK', response.status) self.assertTrue('success' in response) # somehow, assert email was sent

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  • How to poll a file in /sys

    - by Bjoern
    Hi, I am stuck reading a file in /sys/ which contains the light intensity in Lux of the ambient light sensor on my Nokia N900 phone. See thread on talk.maemo.org here I tried to use pyinotify to poll the file but this looks some kind of wrong to me since the file is alway "process_IN_OPEN", "process_IN_ACCESS" and "process_IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE" I basically want to get the changes ASAP and if something changed trigger an event, execute a class... Here's the code I tried, which works, but not as I expected (I was hoping for process_IN_MODIFY to be triggered): #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # import os, time, pyinotify import pyinotify ambient_sensor = '/sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-2/2-0029/lux' wm = pyinotify.WatchManager() # Watch Manager mask = pyinotify.ALL_EVENTS def action(self, the_event): value = open(the_event.pathname, 'r').read().strip() return value class EventHandler(pyinotify.ProcessEvent): def process_IN_ACCESS(self, event): print "ACCESS event:", action(self, event) def process_IN_ATTRIB(self, event): print "ATTRIB event:", action(self, event) def process_IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE(self, event): print "CLOSE_NOWRITE event:", action(self, event) def process_IN_CLOSE_WRITE(self, event): print "CLOSE_WRITE event:", action(self, event) def process_IN_CREATE(self, event): print "CREATE event:", action(self, event) def process_IN_DELETE(self, event): print "DELETE event:", action(self, event) def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event): print "MODIFY event:", action(self, event) def process_IN_OPEN(self, event): print "OPEN event:", action(self, event) #log.setLevel(10) notifier = pyinotify.ThreadedNotifier(wm, EventHandler()) notifier.start() wdd = wm.add_watch(ambient_sensor, mask) wdd time.sleep(5) notifier.stop() Thanks for any hints, suggestions and examples Kind regards Bjoern

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  • wxpython: adding panel to wx.Frame disables/conflicts with wx.Frame's OnPaint?!

    - by sdaau
    Hi all, I just encountered this strange situation: I found an example, where wx.Frame's OnPaint is overridden, and a circle is drawn. Funnily, as soon as I add even a single panel to the frame, the circle is not drawn anymore - in fact, OnPaint is not called at all anymore ! Can anyone explain me if this is the expected behavior, and how to correctly handle a wx.Frame's OnPaint, if the wx.Frame has child panels ? Small code example is below.. Thanks in advance for any answers, Cheers! The code: #!/usr/bin/env python # http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/programming-9/wxwidgets-wxpython-drawing-problems-with-onpaint-event-703946/ import wx class MainWindow(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, title, size=wx.DefaultSize): wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, wx.ID_ANY, title, wx.DefaultPosition, size) self.circles = list() self.displaceX = 30 self.displaceY = 30 circlePos = (self.displaceX, self.displaceY) self.circles.append(circlePos) ## uncommenting either only first, or both of ## the commands below, causes OnPaint *not* to be called anymore! #~ self.panel = wx.Panel(self, wx.ID_ANY) #~ self.mpanelA = wx.Panel(self.panel, -1, size=(200,50)) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint) def OnPaint(self, e): print "OnPaint called" dc = wx.PaintDC(self) dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.BLUE)) dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(wx.BLUE)) # Go through the list of circles to draw all of them for circle in self.circles: dc.DrawCircle(circle[0], circle[1], 10) def main(): app = wx.App() win = MainWindow(None, "Draw delayed circles", size=(620,460)) win.Show() app.MainLoop() if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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  • Simple continuously running XMPP client in python

    - by tom
    I'm using python-xmpp to send jabber messages. Everything works fine except that every time I want to send messages (every 15 minutes) I need to reconnect to the jabber server, and in the meantime the sending client is offline and cannot receive messages. So I want to write a really simple, indefinitely running xmpp client, that is online the whole time and can send (and receive) messages when required. My trivial (non-working) approach: import time import xmpp class Jabber(object): def __init__(self): server = 'example.com' username = 'bot' passwd = 'password' self.client = xmpp.Client(server) self.client.connect(server=(server, 5222)) self.client.auth(username, passwd, 'bot') self.client.sendInitPresence() self.sleep() def sleep(self): self.awake = False delay = 1 while not self.awake: time.sleep(delay) def wake(self): self.awake = True def auth(self, jid): self.client.getRoster().Authorize(jid) self.sleep() def send(self, jid, msg): message = xmpp.Message(jid, msg) message.setAttr('type', 'chat') self.client.send(message) self.sleep() if __name__ == '__main__': j = Jabber() time.sleep(3) j.wake() j.send('[email protected]', 'hello world') time.sleep(30) The problem here seems to be that I cannot wake it up. My best guess is that I need some kind of concurrency. Is that true, and if so how would I best go about that? EDIT: After looking into all the options concerning concurrency, I decided to go with twisted and wokkel. If I could, I would delete this post.

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  • Multiple errors while adding searching to app

    - by Thijs
    Hi, I'm fairly new at iOS programming, but I managed to make a (in my opinion quite nice) app for the app store. The main function for my next update will be a search option for the app. I followed a tutorial I found on the internet and adapted it to fit my app. I got back quite some errors, most of which I managed to fix. But now I'm completely stuck and don't know what to do next. I know it's a lot to ask, but if anyone could take a look at the code underneath, it would be greatly appreciated. Thanks! // // RootViewController.m // GGZ info // // Created by Thijs Beckers on 29-12-10. // Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. // #import "RootViewController.h" // Always import the next level view controller header(s) #import "CourseCodes.h" @implementation RootViewController @synthesize dataForCurrentLevel, tableViewData; #pragma mark - #pragma mark View lifecycle // OVERRIDE METHOD - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Go get the data for the app... // Create a custom string that points to the right location in the app bundle NSString *pathToPlist = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"SCSCurriculum" ofType:@"plist"]; // Now, place the result into the dictionary property // Note that we must retain it to keep it around dataForCurrentLevel = [[NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:pathToPlist] retain]; // Place the top level keys (the program codes) in an array for the table view // Note that we must retain it to keep it around // NSDictionary has a really useful instance method - allKeys // The allKeys method returns an array with all of the keys found in (this level of) a dictionary tableViewData = [[[dataForCurrentLevel allKeys] sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(caseInsensitiveCompare:)] retain]; //Initialize the copy array. copyListOfItems = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; // Set the nav bar title self.title = @"GGZ info"; //Add the search bar self.tableView.tableHeaderView = searchBar; searchBar.autocorrectionType = UITextAutocorrectionTypeNo; searching = NO; letUserSelectRow = YES; } /* - (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewWillAppear:animated]; } */ /* - (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidAppear:animated]; } */ /* - (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewWillDisappear:animated]; } */ /* - (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidDisappear:animated]; } */ //RootViewController.m - (void) searchBarTextDidBeginEditing:(UISearchBar *)theSearchBar { searching = YES; letUserSelectRow = NO; self.tableView.scrollEnabled = NO; //Add the done button. self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [[[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemDone target:self action:@selector(doneSearching_Clicked:)] autorelease]; } - (NSIndexPath *)tableView :(UITableView *)theTableView willSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { if(letUserSelectRow) return indexPath; else return nil; } //RootViewController.m - (void)searchBar:(UISearchBar *)theSearchBar textDidChange:(NSString *)searchText { //Remove all objects first. [copyListOfItems removeAllObjects]; if([searchText length] &gt; 0) { searching = YES; letUserSelectRow = YES; self.tableView.scrollEnabled = YES; [self searchTableView]; } else { searching = NO; letUserSelectRow = NO; self.tableView.scrollEnabled = NO; } [self.tableView reloadData]; } //RootViewController.m - (void) searchBarSearchButtonClicked:(UISearchBar *)theSearchBar { [self searchTableView]; } - (void) searchTableView { NSString *searchText = searchBar.text; NSMutableArray *searchArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (NSDictionary *dictionary in listOfItems) { NSArray *array = [dictionary objectForKey:@"Countries"]; [searchArray addObjectsFromArray:array]; } for (NSString *sTemp in searchArray) { NSRange titleResultsRange = [sTemp rangeOfString:searchText options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch]; if (titleResultsRange.length &gt; 0) [copyListOfItems addObject:sTemp]; } [searchArray release]; searchArray = nil; } //RootViewController.m - (void) doneSearching_Clicked:(id)sender { searchBar.text = @""; [searchBar resignFirstResponder]; letUserSelectRow = YES; searching = NO; self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = nil; self.tableView.scrollEnabled = YES; [self.tableView reloadData]; } //RootViewController.m - (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView { if (searching) return 1; else return [listOfItems count]; } // Customize the number of rows in the table view. - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section { if (searching) return [copyListOfItems count]; else { //Number of rows it should expect should be based on the section NSDictionary *dictionary = [listOfItems objectAtIndex:section]; NSArray *array = [dictionary objectForKey:@"Countries"]; return [array count]; } } - (NSString *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section { if(searching) return @""; if(section == 0) return @"Countries to visit"; else return @"Countries visited"; } // Customize the appearance of table view cells. - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell"; UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier]; if (cell == nil) { cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease]; } // Set up the cell... if(searching) cell.text = [copyListOfItems objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; else { //First get the dictionary object NSDictionary *dictionary = [listOfItems objectAtIndex:indexPath.section]; NSArray *array = [dictionary objectForKey:@"Countries"]; NSString *cellValue = [array objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; cell.text = cellValue; } return cell; } - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { //Get the selected country NSString *selectedCountry = nil; if(searching) selectedCountry = [copyListOfItems objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; else { NSDictionary *dictionary = [listOfItems objectAtIndex:indexPath.section]; NSArray *array = [dictionary objectForKey:@"Countries"]; selectedCountry = [array objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; } //Initialize the detail view controller and display it. DetailViewController *dvController = [[DetailViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"DetailView" bundle:[NSBundle mainBundle]]; dvController.selectedCountry = selectedCountry; [self.navigationController pushViewController:dvController animated:YES]; [dvController release]; dvController = nil; } //RootViewController.m - (void) searchBarTextDidBeginEditing:(UISearchBar *)theSearchBar { //Add the overlay view. if(ovController == nil) ovController = [[OverlayViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"OverlayView" bundle:[NSBundle mainBundle]]; CGFloat yaxis = self.navigationController.navigationBar.frame.size.height; CGFloat width = self.view.frame.size.width; CGFloat height = self.view.frame.size.height; //Parameters x = origion on x-axis, y = origon on y-axis. CGRect frame = CGRectMake(0, yaxis, width, height); ovController.view.frame = frame; ovController.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor]; ovController.view.alpha = 0.5; ovController.rvController = self; [self.tableView insertSubview:ovController.view aboveSubview:self.parentViewController.view]; searching = YES; letUserSelectRow = NO; self.tableView.scrollEnabled = NO; //Add the done button. self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [[[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemDone target:self action:@selector(doneSearching_Clicked:)] autorelease]; } // Override to allow orientations other than the default portrait orientation. - (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { // Return YES for supported orientations. return YES; } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { // Releases the view if it doesn't have a superview. [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Relinquish ownership any cached data, images, etc that aren't in use. } - (void)viewDidUnload { // Relinquish ownership of anything that can be recreated in viewDidLoad or on demand. // For example: self.myOutlet = nil; } - (void)dealloc { [dataForCurrentLevel release]; [tableViewData release]; [super dealloc]; } #pragma mark - #pragma mark Table view methods // DATA SOURCE METHOD - (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView { return 1; } // DATA SOURCE METHOD - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section { // How many rows should be displayed? return [tableViewData count]; } // DELEGATE METHOD - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Cell reuse block static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell"; UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier]; if (cell == nil) { cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease]; } // Configure the cell's contents - we want the program code, and a disclosure indicator cell.textLabel.text = [tableViewData objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; cell.accessoryType = UITableViewCellAccessoryDisclosureIndicator; return cell; } //RootViewController.m - (void)searchBar:(UISearchBar *)theSearchBar textDidChange:(NSString *)searchText { //Remove all objects first. [copyListOfItems removeAllObjects]; if([searchText length] &gt; 0) { [ovController.view removeFromSuperview]; searching = YES; letUserSelectRow = YES; self.tableView.scrollEnabled = YES; [self searchTableView]; } else { [self.tableView insertSubview:ovController.view aboveSubview:self.parentViewController.view]; searching = NO; letUserSelectRow = NO; self.tableView.scrollEnabled = NO; } [self.tableView reloadData]; } //RootViewController.m - (void) doneSearching_Clicked:(id)sender { searchBar.text = @""; [searchBar resignFirstResponder]; letUserSelectRow = YES; searching = NO; self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = nil; self.tableView.scrollEnabled = YES; [ovController.view removeFromSuperview]; [ovController release]; ovController = nil; [self.tableView reloadData]; } // DELEGATE METHOD - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // In any navigation-based application, you follow the same pattern: // 1. Create an instance of the next-level view controller // 2. Configure that instance, with settings and data if necessary // 3. Push it on to the navigation stack // In this situation, the next level view controller is another table view // Therefore, we really don't need a nib file (do you see a CourseCodes.xib? no, there isn't one) // So, a UITableViewController offers an initializer that programmatically creates a view // 1. Create the next level view controller // ======================================== CourseCodes *nextVC = [[CourseCodes alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewStylePlain]; // 2. Configure it... // ================== // It needs data from the dictionary - the "value" for the current "key" (that was tapped) NSDictionary *nextLevelDictionary = [dataForCurrentLevel objectForKey:[tableViewData objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]]; nextVC.dataForCurrentLevel = nextLevelDictionary; // Set the view title nextVC.title = [tableViewData objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; // 3. Push it on to the navigation stack // ===================================== [self.navigationController pushViewController:nextVC animated:YES]; // Memory manage it [nextVC release]; } /* // Override to support conditional editing of the table view. - (BOOL)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView canEditRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Return NO if you do not want the specified item to be editable. return YES; } */ /* // Override to support editing the table view. - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView commitEditingStyle:(UITableViewCellEditingStyle)editingStyle forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete) { // Delete the row from the data source. [tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade]; } else if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleInsert) { // Create a new instance of the appropriate class, insert it into the array, and add a new row to the table view. } } */ /* // Override to support rearranging the table view. - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView moveRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)fromIndexPath toIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)toIndexPath { } */ /* // Override to support conditional rearranging of the table view. - (BOOL)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView canMoveRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Return NO if you do not want the item to be re-orderable. return YES; } */ @end

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  • python gui generate math equation

    - by Nero Dietrich
    I have a homework question for one specific item with python GUIs. My goal is to create a GUI that asks a random mathematical equation and if the equation is evaluated correctly, then I will receive a message stating that it is correct. My main problem is finding out where to place my statements so that they show up in the labels; I have 1 textbox which generates the random equation, the next textbox is blank for me to enter the solution, and then an "Enter" button at the end to evaluate my solution. It looks like this: [randomly generated equation][Empty space to enter solution] [ENTER] I've managed to get the layout and the evaluate parameters, but I don't know where to go from here. This is my code so far: class Equation(Frame): def __init__(self,parent=None): Frame.__init__(self, parent) self.pack() Equation.make_widgets(self) Equation.new_problem(self) def make_widgets(self): Label(self).grid(row=0, column=1) ent = Entry(self) ent.grid(row=0, column=1) Label(self).grid(row=0, column=2) ent = Entry(self) ent.grid(row=0, column=2) Button(self, text='Enter', command=self.evaluate).grid(row=0, column=3) def new_problem(self): pass def evaluate(self): result = eval(self.get()) self.delete(0, END) self.insert(END, result) print('Correct')

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  • Getting unhandled error and connection get lost when a client tries to communicate with chat server in twisted

    - by user2433888
    from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol,Factory from twisted.internet import reactor class ChatServer(Protocol): def connectionMade(self): print "A Client Has Connected" self.factory.clients.append(self) print"clients are ",self.factory.clients self.transport.write('Hello,Welcome to the telnet chat to sign in type aim:YOUR NAME HERE to send a messsage type msg:YOURMESSAGE '+'\n') def connectionLost(self,reason): self.factory.clients.remove(self) self.transport.write('Somebody was disconnected from the server') def dataReceived(self,data): #print "data is",data a = data.split(':') if len(a) > 1: command = a[0] content = a[1] msg="" if command =="iam": self.name + "has joined" elif command == "msg": ma=sg = self.name + ":" +content print msg for c in self.factory.clients: c.message(msg) def message(self,message): self.transport.write(message + '\n') factory = Factory() factory.protocol = ChatServer factory.clients = [] reactor.listenTCP(80,factory) print "Iphone Chat server started" reactor.run() The above code is running succesfully...but when i connect the client (by typing telnet localhost 80) to this chatserver and try to write message ,connection gets lost and following errors occurs : Iphone Chat server started A Client Has Connected clients are [<__main__.ChatServer instance at 0x024AC0A8>] Unhandled Error Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\python\log.py", line 84, in callWithLogger return callWithContext({"system": lp}, func, *args, **kw) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\python\log.py", line 69, in callWithContext return context.call({ILogContext: newCtx}, func, *args, **kw) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\python\context.py", line 118, in callWithContext return self.currentContext().callWithContext(ctx, func, *args, **kw) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\python\context.py", line 81, in callWithContext return func(*args,**kw) --- --- File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\selectreactor.py", line 150, in _doReadOrWrite why = getattr(selectable, method)() File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\tcp.py", line 199, in doRead rval = self.protocol.dataReceived(data) File "D:\chatserverultimate.py", line 21, in dataReceived content = a[1] exceptions.IndexError: list index out of range Where am I going wrong?

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  • tk: how to invoke it just to display something, and return to the main program?

    - by max
    Sorry for the noob question but I really don't understand this. I'm using python / tkinter and I want to display something (say, a canvas with a few shapes on it), and keep it displayed until the program quits. I understand that no widgets would be displayed until I call tkinter.tk.mainloop(). However, if I call tkinter.tk.mainloop(), I won't be able to do anything else until the user closes the main window. I don't need to monitor any user input events, just display some stuff. What's a good way to do this without giving up control to mainloop? EDIT: Is this sample code reasonable: class App(tk.Tk): def __init__(self, sim): self.sim = sim # link to the simulation instance self.loop() def loop(): self.redraw() # update all the GUI to reflect new simulation state sim.next_step() # advance simulation another step self.after(0, self.loop) def redraw(): # get whatever we need from self.sim, and put it on the screen EDIT2 (added after_idle): class App(tk.Tk): def __init__(self, sim): self.sim = sim # link to the simulation instance self.after_idle(self.preloop) def preloop(): self.after(0, self.loop) def loop(): self.redraw() # update all the GUI to reflect new simulation state sim.next_step() # advance simulation another step self.after_idle(self.preloop) def redraw(): # get whatever we need from self.sim, and put it on the screen

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  • How to lazy load a data structure (python)

    - by Anton Geraschenko
    I have some way of building a data structure (out of some file contents, say): def loadfile(FILE): return # some data structure created from the contents of FILE So I can do things like puppies = loadfile("puppies.csv") # wait for loadfile to work kitties = loadfile("kitties.csv") # wait some more print len(puppies) print puppies[32] In the above example, I wasted a bunch of time actually reading kitties.csv and creating a data structure that I never used. I'd like to avoid that waste without constantly checking if not kitties whenever I want to do something. I'd like to be able to do puppies = lazyload("puppies.csv") # instant kitties = lazyload("kitties.csv") # instant print len(puppies) # wait for loadfile print puppies[32] So if I don't ever try to do anything with kitties, loadfile("kitties.csv") never gets called. Is there some standard way to do this? After playing around with it for a bit, I produced the following solution, which appears to work correctly and is quite brief. Are there some alternatives? Are there drawbacks to using this approach that I should keep in mind? class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE self.F = None def __getattr__(self,name): if not self.F: print "loading %s" % self.FILE self.F = loadfile(self.FILE) return object.__getattribute__(self.F, name) What might be even better is if something like this worked: class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE def __getattr__(self,name): self = loadfile(self.FILE) # this never gets called again # since self is no longer a # lazyload instance return object.__getattribute__(self, name) But this doesn't work because self is local. It actually ends up calling loadfile every time you do anything.

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  • Tkinter, Python: How do I save text entered in the Entry widget? How do I move a label?

    - by user3692825
    I am a newbie at programming and my program is not stellar but hopefully it's ok because I have only been using it for a couple days now. I am having trouble in my class "Recipie". In this class I am having trouble saving the text in my Entry widget. I know to use the .get() option but when I try to print it, it doesn't (whether it is within that defined method or not). So that is my main concern. I want it to save the text entered as a string when I press the button: b. My other minor question is, how can I move the label. When I have tried I have used the height and width options, but that just expands the label. I want to move the text to create a title above my Entry boxes. Is label the right widget to use or would it be easier to use a message box widget? So it would look like, for example (but like 8 pixels down and 20 to the right): ingredients textbox button labeled as: add an ingredient And I am not sure the option .pack(side="...") or .place(anchor="...") are the right options to use for my buttons or entry boxes or labels. Any help is greatly appreciated!!! And if you could add comments to your code explaining what you did, that would be so helpful. Thank you!!! import Tkinter class Recipie(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self) self.title("New Recipie") self.geometry("500x500") def name(self): name = Tkinter.Label(self, text="Title:", width=39) name.place(anchor="nw") insert_name = Tkinter.Entry(self) insert_name.pack() insert_name.focus_set() def ingredients(self): e = Tkinter.Entry(self) e.pack() e.focus_set() def addingredient(self): but = Tkinter.Button(self, text="Add Ingredients", width=15, command=self.ingredients) but.pack(side="bottom") def procedure(self): txt = Tkinter.Label(self, text="List the Steps:") txt.place(anchor="n") p = Tkinter.Entry(self) p.place(anchor="nw") p.focus_set() def savebutton(self): print insert_name.get() print e.get() print p.get() b = Tkinter.Button(self, text="Save Recipie", width=15, command=savebutton) top = Recipie() top.mainloop()

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  • signed applet automatically running as insecure

    - by Terje Dahl
    My application is deployed as a self-signed applet to several thousand users at more than 50 schools across the country (in Norway). The user is presented with the standard Java security warning asking if they will accept the signature. When they do, the applet runs perfectly. However, about half a year ago a group of 7 school, all under a common IT department, stopped getting the security warning. In stead the applet loads and starts running in untrusted mode, without first giving the user an option to accept or reject the signature. The problem is on Windows machines, and only when the machine is connected to the schools network. If they take the same machine home with them, the program functions as it should, with security warnings and everything. I know little about Window systems in general, but I would think it would be some sort of policy-file or something that is loaded when a machine hooks up to/through the schools network. Furthermore, the problem only started occurring in these 7 schools after changes made after a security breach they had a while back. The IT department is stumped. I am stumped. Any thoughts, comments, suggestions?

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  • Self join in Entity Framework

    - by Waheed
    Hi, I want to have following type of query in entity frame work SELECT c2.* FROM Category c1 INNER JOIN Category c2 ON c1.CategoryID = c2.ParentCategoryID WHERE c1.ParentCategoryID is NULL How to do the above work in Entity framework...

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  • RegEx match open tags except XHTML self-contained tags

    - by Jeff
    I need to match all of these opening tags: <p> <a href="foo"> But not these: <br /> <hr class="foo" /> I came up with this and wanted to make sure I've got it right. I am only capturing the a-z. <([a-z]+) *[^/]*?> I believe it says: Find a less-than, then Find (and capture) a-z one or more times, then Find zero or more spaces, then Find any character zero or more times, greedy, except /, then Find a greater-than Do I have that right? And more importantly, what do you think? =) EDIT: Hmm, which answer to mark as correct? For the record, ALL the answers are appreciated. Many thanks!

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  • Build and render infinite hierarchical category tree from self-referential category table

    - by FreshCode
    I have a Categories table in which each category has a ParentId that can refer to any other category's CategoryId that I want to display as multi-level HTML list, like so: <ul class="tree"> <li>Parent Category <ul> <li>1st Child Category <!-- more sub-categories --> </li> <li>2nd Child Category <!-- more sub-categories --> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> Presently I am recursively rendering a partial view and passing down the next category. It works great, but it's wrong because I'm executing queries in a view. How can I render the list into a tree object and cache it for quick display every time I need a list of all hierarchical categories?

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  • Maintaining both sides of self-referential many-to-many relationship in Grails domain object

    - by Ali G
    I'm having some problems getting a many-to-many relationship working in grails. Is there anything obviously wrong with the following: class Person { static hasMany = [friends: Person] static mappedBy = [friends: 'friends'] String name List friends = [] String toString() { return this.name } } class BootStrap { def init = { servletContext -> Person bob = new Person(name: 'bob').save() Person jaq = new Person(name: 'jaq').save() jaq.friends << bob println "Bob's friends: ${bob.friends}" println "Jaq's friends: ${jaq.friends}" } } I'd expect Bob to be friends with Jaq and vice-versa, but I get the following output at startup: Running Grails application.. Bob's friends: [] Jaq's friends: [Bob] (I'm using Grails 1.2.0)

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  • teaching my self Z/OS assembler?

    - by Jared
    'I've interned at a company that does a lot of mainframe work. Most of my mainframe experience has been using Java and Unix System Services. I've had some experience with the ISPF interface and C but none with assembler. I’m graduating shortly and will be taking an independent study my last semester. I’d like to stick with the mainframe and was wondering what resources could teach me mainframe assembler? Note I don’t have experience writing assembler for any platform but do understand binary, hex, and have a theoretical understanding of registers.

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  • has_many :through on self?

    - by Glex
    I have a User model. A user can be either a dj, a club, or a clubber (this is controlled by the User#account_type attribute). A club can have many djs, and a dj can have many users: enumerated_attribute :account_type, %w(^clubber dj club), :nil => false do label :clubber => "Clubber" label :dj => "DJ" label :club => "Club" end has_many :dj_club_relationships, :class_name => "User", :dependent => :destroy has_many :dj_user_relationships, :dependent => :destroy has_many :djs, :through => :dj_club_relationships, :class_name => "User" has_many :users, :through => :dj_user_relationships However, this doesn't work as well as expected, since Rails doesn't know, for example, that it needs to destroy all dj_club_relationships with club_id when the user being destroyed is a club, and with dj_id when the user is a dj. How can I help rails know about it?

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  • Help me finish this Python self-challenge.

    - by Hamish Grubijan
    This is not a homework. I saw this article praising Linq library and how great it is for doing combinatorics stuff, and I thought to myself: Python can do it in a more readable fashion. After half hour of dabbing with Python I failed. Please finish where I left off. Also, do it in the most Pythonic and efficient way possible please. from itertools import permutations from operator import mul from functools import reduce glob_lst = [] def divisible(n): return (sum(j*10^i for i,j in enumerate(reversed(glob_lst))) % n == 0) oneToNine = list(range(1, 10)) twoToNine = oneToNine[1:] for perm in permutations(oneToNine, 9): for n in twoToNine: glob_lst = perm[1:n] #print(glob_lst) if not divisible(n): continue else: # Is invoked if the loop succeeds # So, we found the number print(perm) Thanks!

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  • How to upgrade self-hosted wordpress and installed plugins of live site to latest availalbe versions

    - by jitendra
    I have to upgrade a running wordpress site's wordpress CMS and some installed plugins.and some plugins which i want to upgrade has been modified before to achieve something. http://is.gd/b5j9h How to upgrade Wordpress to latest without loosing anything, any post, comments? What precautions should i take? How should i take backup of all things? Should i take backup of database also? How to upgraded modified plugins without loosing functionality?

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  • Explicit script end tag always converted to self-closing

    - by Jonas
    I'm using xslt to transform xml to an aspx file. In the xslt, I have a script tag to include a jquery.js file. To get it to work with IE, the script tag must have an explicit closing tag. For some reason, this doesn't work with xslt below. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:msxsl="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" exclude-result-prefixes="msxsl" xmlns:asp="remove"> <xsl:output method="html"/> <xsl:template match="/"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>TEST</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.2.6.js"></script> But if I change the script tag as shown below, it works. <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.2.6.js"> // <![CDATA[ // ]]> </script> I thought that the <xsl:output method="html" /> would do the trick, but it doesn't seem to work? /Jonas

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  • Self closing Html Generic Control?

    - by Chalkey
    I am writing a bit of code to add a link tag to the head tag in the code behind... i.e. HtmlGenericControl css = new HtmlGenericControl("link"); css.Attributes["rel"] = "Stylesheet"; css.Attributes["type"] = "text/css"; css.Attributes["href"] = String.Format("/Assets/CSS/{0}", cssFile); to try and achieve something like... <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/CSS/Blah.css" /> I am using the HtmlGenericControl to achieve this... the issue I am having is that the control ultimatly gets rendered as... <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/CSS/Blah.css"></link> I cant seem to find what I am missing to not render the additional </link>, I assumed it should be a property on the object. Am I missing something or is this just not possible with this control? Thanks

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  • WCF Self-hosted service, client clean-up on service stop

    - by Sentax
    Hi everyone, I'm curious to know how I would go about setting up my service to stop cleanly on the server the service will be installed on. For example when I have many clients connecting and doing operations every minute and I want to shut-down the service for maintenance, how can I do this in the "OnStop" event of the service to then let the main service host to deny any new client connections and let the current connections finish before it actually shuts down its services to the client, this will ensure data isn't corrupted on the server as the server shuts down. Right now I'm not setup as a singleton because I need scalability in the service. So I would have to somehow get my service host to do this independently of knowing how many instances are created of the service class. I hope I explain myself good enough, if not, let me know, I'll try to explain better. Thanks, Scott

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  • What is a good git server frontend for self hosted git repositories

    - by Ritesh M Nayak
    I am planning on deploying git for a project I am currently working on and was wondering if there are any free softwares that provide an easy to use web view of the git repository. I am primarily interested in using the front end to track changes, see diff information etc. There is a list of such front ends available here. Does anyone have any experience with any of these ? Which one would you suggest An open source clone of github would do just fine actually :D but I know thats too much to ask .

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  • J: Self-reference in bubble sort tacit implementation

    - by Yasir Arsanukaev
    Hello people! Since I'm beginner in J I've decided to solve a simple task using this language, in particular implementing the bubblesort algorithm. I know it's not idiomatically to solve such kind of problem in functional languages, because it's naturally solved using array element transposition in imperative languages like C, rather than constructing modified list in declarative languages. However this is the code I've written: (((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#)) ^: # Let's apply it to an array: (((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#)) ^: # 5 3 8 7 2 2 3 5 7 8 The thing that confuses me is $: referring to the statement within the outermost parentheses. Help says that: $: denotes the longest verb that contains it. The other book (~ 300 KiB) says: 3+4 7 5*20 100 Symbols like + and * for plus and times in the above phrases are called verbs and represent functions. You may have more than one verb in a J phrase, in which case it is constructed like a sentence in simple English by reading from left to right, that is 4+6%2 means 4 added to whatever follows, namely 6 divided by 2. Let's rewrite my code snippet omitting outermost ()s: ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) ^: # 5 3 8 7 2 2 3 5 7 8 Reuslts are the same. I couldn't explain myself why this works, why only ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) is treated as the longest verb for $: but not the whole expression ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) ^: # and not just (<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.), because if ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) is a verb, it should also form another verb after conjunction with #, i. e. one might treat the whole sentence (first snippet) as a verb. Probably there's some limit for the verb length limited by one conjunction. Look at the following code (from here): factorial =: (* factorial@<:) ^: (1&<) factorial 4 24 factorial within expression refers to the whole function, i. e. (* factorial@<:) ^: (1&<). Following this example I've used a function name instead of $:: bubblesort =: (((<./@(2&{.)), bubblesort@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#)) ^: # bubblesort 5 3 8 7 2 2 3 5 7 8 I expected bubblesort to refer to the whole function, but it doesn't seem true for me since the result is correct. Also I'd like to see other implementations if you have ones, even slightly refactored. Thanks.

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  • Self Assessment Tests for Programmers

    - by THX1138.6
    I want to help the Dev team identify areas of knowledge (practical and theoretical) that they can work on. Though I am big believer in focusing on people's strengths being a good programmer requires (I think) being challenged by concepts and ideas that don't always come naturally. We work largely in the web app space using PHP & MySQL but better skills in data modelling, query optimisation, use of MVC and OOP etc. would help the team and the company a lot. I want to help the Dev team manage their careers, explore and expand their skills sets. Be all they can be and better than they were previously. I know its an idealistic goal but work must be about more than simply getting the work done. There should be some time to review, to learn, to grow and get better. Any thoughts, ideas, opinions and directions to tests or similar resources would be greatly appreciated.

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