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  • Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

    - by Morlock
    Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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  • PHP => Alternative to session data?

    - by Armz
    i have a Web Application where Cookies and Session are both important. Since the Web Application is load balanced on different server, i am looking for suggestions to Alternative Store for the Session data that all server will be able to access. Some sessions could live up to severals days. The solutions that come to my mind: - Native PHP Sessions (this is the one i want to stop using) - MySQL Database - Serialize and write to a file (i want to avoid this, for performances) - Memcache (however it could become very big or older data getting knocked out) Thanks in advance!

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  • Set Hibernate session's flush mode in Spring

    - by glaz666
    I am writing integration tests and in one test method I'd like to write some data to DB and then read it. @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:applicationContext.xml"}) @TransactionConfiguration() @Transactional public class SimpleIntegrationTest { @Resource private DummyDAO dummyDAO; /** * Tries to store {@link com.example.server.entity.DummyEntity}. */ @Test public void testPersistTestEntity() { int countBefore = dummyDAO.findAll().size(); DummyEntity dummyEntity = new DummyEntity(); dummyDAO.makePersistent(dummyEntity); //HERE SHOULD COME SESSION.FLUSH() int countAfter = dummyDAO.findAll().size(); assertEquals(countBefore + 1, countAfter); } } As you can see between storing and reading data, the session should be flushed because the default FushMode is AUTO thus no data can be actually stored in DB. Question: Can I some how set FlushMode to ALWAYS in session factory or somewhere else to avoid repeating session.flush() call? All DB calls in DAO goes with HibernateTemplate instance. Thanks in advance.

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  • iPhone - How to use #define in Universal app

    - by Satyam svv
    I'm creating universal app that runs oniphone and ipad. I'm using #define to create CGRect. And I want to use two different #define - one for iPhone and one for iPad. How can I declare them so that correct one will be picked by universal app.......... I think I've to update little more description to avoid confusion. I've a WPConstants.h file where I'm declaring all the #define as below #define PUZZLE_TOPVIEW_RECT CGRectMake(0, 0, 480, 100) #define PUZZLE_MIDDLEVIEW_RECT CGRectMake(0, 100, 480, 100) #define PUZZLE_BOTTOMVIEW_RECT CGRectMake(0, 200, 480, 100) The above ones are for iphone. Similarly for iPad I want to have different #define How can I proceed further?

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  • [C#] How to create a constructor of a class that return a collection of instances of that class?

    - by codemonkie
    My program has the following class definition: public sealed class Subscriber { private subscription; public Subscriber(int id) { using (DataContext dc = new DataContext()) { this.subscription = dc._GetSubscription(id).SingleOrDefault(); } } } ,where _GetSubscription() is a sproc which returns a value of type ISingleResult<_GetSubscriptionResult> Say, I have a list of type List<int> full of 1000 ids and I want to create a collection of subscribers of type List<Subscriber>. How can I do that without calling the constructor in a loop for 1000 times? Since I am trying to avoid switching the DataContext on/off so frequently that may stress the database. TIA.

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  • Android how do I wait until a service is actually connected?

    - by Ryan
    I have an Activity calling a Service defined in IDownloaderService.aidl: public class Downloader extends Activity { IDownloaderService downloader = null; // ... In Downloader.onCreate(Bundle) I tried to bindService Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(this, DownloaderService.class); if (bindService(serviceIntent, sc, BIND_AUTO_CREATE)) { // ... and within the ServiceConnection object sc I did this public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { Log.w("XXX", "onServiceConnected"); downloader = IDownloaderService.Stub.asInterface(service); // ... By adding all kinds of Log.xx I found that the code after if(bindService(...)) actually goes BEFORE ServiceConnection.onServiceConnected is being called - that is, when downloader is still null - which gets me into trouble. All the samples in ApiDemos avoid this timing problem by only calling services when triggered by user actions. But what should I do to right use this service after bindService succeeds? How can I wait for ServiceConnection.onServiceConnected being called reliably?

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  • Passing message over network

    - by Sylvestre Equy
    Hi, I'm currently trying to develop a message-oriented networking framework and I'm a bit stuck on the internal mechanism. Here are the problematic interfaces : public interface IMessage { } public class Connection { public void Subscribe<TMessage>(Action<TMessage> messageCallback); public void Send<TMessage>(TMessage message); } The Send method does not seem complicated, though the mechanism behind Subscribe seems a bit more painful. Obviously when receiving a message on one end of the connection, I'll have to invoke the appropriate delegate. Do you have any advice on how to read messages and easily detect their types ? By the way, I'd like to avoid to use MSMQ.

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  • JPA 2.0 Eclipse Link ... Composite primary keys

    - by Parhs
    I have two entities(actually more but it doenst matter) Exam and Exam_Normals Its a oneToMany relationship... The problem is that i need a primary key for Exams_Normals PK (Exam_ID Item) Item should be 1 2 3 4 5 etc.... But cant achieve it getting errors An alternative would be to: I cound use an IDENTITY and a ManyToOne relationship at Exam_Normals but that should be like PK(Exam_Normals_ID) and a reference to Exam and an extra collumn Item to keep an order.. SO 3 collumns But to avoid the alternative tried I tried with @IdClass and got errors Tried @EmbeddedID everything nothing works Any idea??

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  • c++ polymorphism and other function question

    - by aharont
    i have got this code: class father{ public: virtual void f() { cout<<1;} }; class son:public father{ public: void f() {cout<<2;} }; void test (father x){x.f();} int main(){ son s; test(s); } the question says: the output is '1', what is the rule about polymorphism that the programmer forgot and how can i fix it so the output would be '2'? there is another rule that the programmer forgot when he wrote the father class, and he need to add an empty function to avoid problems from other sons of the father class. what is the rule and what is the missing function? another question write the g function so the next code would run with no crashes int x=11; g(x)=22;

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  • How to enforce lazy loading of entities on certain conditions

    - by Samuel
    We have an JPA @Entity class (say User) which has a @ManyToOne reference (say Address) loaded using the EAGER option which in turn loads it's own @ManyToOne fields (say Country) in a EAGER fashion. We use the EntityQuery interface to count the list of User's based on a search criteria, during such a load all the @ManyToOne fields which have been marked as EAGER get loaded. But in order to perform a EntityQuery.resultCount(), I actually don't need to load the @ManyToOne fields. Is there a way to prevent loading of the EAGER fields in such cases so that we can avoid the unnecessary joins?

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  • What's the easiest way to implement background downloading in Wicket?

    - by David Moles
    I've got a simple Wicket form that lets users select some data and then download a ZIP file (generated on the fly) containing what they asked for. Currently the form button's onSubmit() method looks something like this: public void onSubmit() { IResourceStream stream = /* assemble the data they asked for ... */ ; ResourceStreamRequestTarget target = new ResourceStreamRequestTarget(stream); target.setFileName("download.zip"); RequestCycle.get().setRequestTarget(target); } This works, but of course the request stops there and it's impossible to display any other feedback to the user. What I'd like to have is something like the typical "Your requested download [NAME] should begin automatically. If not, click this link." Ideally, still displaying the same page, so the user can immediately select some different data and download that as well. I imagine it's possible to do this using Wicket's Ajax classes, but I've managed to avoid having to use them so far, and it's not immediately obvious to me how. What's my quickest way out, here?

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  • Safari on the iPhone & iPad gives colour feedback on touch, I want to stop this.

    - by Owen
    Clicking on an element which has a Javascript handler makes the element go have a 'grey overlay'. This is normally fine but I'm using event delegation to handle the touchdown events of many child elements. Because of the delegation the 'grey overlay' is appearing over the parent element and looks bad and confusing. I could attach event handlers to the individual elements to avoid the problem but this would be computationally very wasteful. I'd rather have some webkit css property that I can override to turn it off. I already have visual feedback in my app so the 'grey overlay' is not needed. Any ideas?

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  • website is very slow on IE

    - by Bhupi
    Hi, I need to know what can be the main reasons (apart from the basics like grouping CSS selectors, reducing image size, using image sprite etc.) which makes a website slow on Internet Explorer, because my website works fine on the others like FF, chrome etc. Is it the huge use of Javascript framework (ie. jQuery, extjs, prototype)? Is it because of the use of plugins based on JS framework? Should I use core javascript and remove the use of any js framework? Should I try to avoid using jQuery(document).ready()? in case of jQuery framework? Above some of the questions which I know and please answer the questions which I couldn't ask because of lesser knowledge about these. I need to make my website perform well on IE (6,7,8) also please suggest. Thanks

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  • How to handle dependency files in a cross-platform manner?

    - by Brian Knoblauch
    I'm working on updating an old app. It has some dependency files that live in the same directory as the app. Obviously this broke when Windows Vista came out (since it violates the API and Vista/7 now enforce that (XP didn't)). Ideally, I'd like to avoid hardcoding anything into the app for just Windows. I can live with that if I have to though. I've already been down that path with pulling the APPDATA and LOCALAPPDATA environment variables, but that doesn't help any since they just give you the current user area... I need these to live somewhere accessible for all users, and I'd like to obey the Windows API expectations that they go into the all user appdata area. Suggestions?

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  • replacing values in formated file with python

    - by froggy
    I have a string see attached file like that and i would like to modify it using a function Giving section name parameter name and value to set Also in case i want to modify several parameters for a same section how can i have position in file to avoid scanning x time for a same section and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question an and other to pass my question d other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my questionand other to pass my question and other to pass my question

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  • How do you compose DataTemplates / link to a child datatemplate in WPF?

    - by Gishu
    Here's the problem. Given a large/intricate datatemplate A, which has 3 sections - General, Properties, Misc. Imagine 3 grids for each. Now I need to reuse the Properties section of the above Datatemplate in another place. Reasons: To avoid redundancy + ensure that further updates to the datatemplate are applied identically to all usages. So I guess what I am asking for is an ability to slot in a link to a child DataTemplate in a parent Datatemplate. What's the best way to go about this ? I found one way to do this.. but I'm not sure if its the right way or the best.. Posting it as an answer below so that it can be rated.

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  • NHibernate SchemaUpdate adding existing foreign keys again?

    - by afsharm
    I'm using SchemaUpdate to synchronize my hbms with existing database. Database has recently created based on hbms and is completely up-to-date. But SchemaUpdate generates all foreign key constraints again. For example suppose you have Student and Teacher. Student has association to Teacher with name ArtTeacher. ArtTeacher is a foreign key from Student to Teacher. Suppose database is up-to-date and currently holde Student, Teacher and their foreign key relation. So HBM and Database are equivalent. Know SchemaUpdate must not do anything but when I see its generated scripts, it re-produce that foreign key again. Why this happens? Is there any way to avoid it?

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  • Is there any way to store full size image returned from camera activity in internal memory ?

    - by SimpleGuy
    I am using Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,Uri.fromFile(externalFileObj)); intent to call default camera activity. To get full image you need to specify intent.putExtra(). But this always requires URI that works only for external storage files. I tried to create a temp.jpg image in internal memory and pass its URI Uri.fromFile(new File(getFilesDir() + "/temp.jpg")); but the camera activity won't return back after the image is captured. So there is no way to get Full size image from default camera application in our activity without using any external storage ? Assuming that the device do not have SD card or currently in use is there no way I can avoid using it ? Yes I know we can create our own camerapreview surface but I want to use the default camera application as it is natural with many more options. Thanks.

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  • Mono on OS X Compatible with MSVC 2010 peers?

    - by Chris
    I'm to begin .NET development at work but have the option of using MonoDevelop/Mono on OS X instead of MSVC 2010 on Windows and would prefer it because of my familiarity with OS X. We are likely going to use a number of popular frameworks, such as NHibernate and Castle DI - my question to those of you familiar with .NET development and Mono: will I be at much of a disadvantage? Are there strong incompatibilities or, with some "paper cuts", the two systems are roughly compatible? Again, my colleagues will be using MSVC 2010 and we intend on working on the same codebases together. Thanks for any insight you can give to this .NET newbie. EDIT: I should note I'll primarily be doing development with MVC 2, which I understand does work with Mono, and will have some leeward in choosing frameworks, i.e. I can avoid highly incompatible frameworks.

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  • Is it a good practice to create a reference to application context and use it anywhere?

    - by kknight
    I have to use context in many places of my code such as database operations, preference operations, etc. I don't want to pass in context for every method. Is it a good practice to create a reference to application context at the main Activity and use it anywhere such as database operations? So, I don't need some many context in method parameters, and the code can avoid position memory leak due to use of Activity Context. public class MainActivity extends Activity { public static Context s_appContext; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); s_appContext = this.getApplicationContext();

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  • What happens to an instance of ServerSocket blocked inside accept(), when I drop all references to i

    - by Hanno Fietz
    In a multithreaded Java application, I just tracked down a strange-looking bug, realizing that what seemed to be happening was this: one of my objects was storing a reference to an instance of ServerSocket on startup, one thread would, in its main loop in run(), call accept() on the socket while the socket was still waiting for a connection, another thread would try to restart the component under some conditions, the restart process missed the cleanup sequence before it reached the initialization sequence as a result, the reference to the socket was overwritten with a new instance, which then wasn't able to bind() anymore the socket which was blocking inside the accept() wasn't accessible anymore, leaving a complete shutdown and restart of the application as the only way to get rid of it. Which leaves me wondering: with no references left to the ServerSocket instance, what would free the socket for a new connection? At what point would the ServerSocket become garbage collected? In general, what are good practices I can follow to avoid this type of bug?

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  • c# .net framework subtracting time-span from date

    - by smkngspcmn
    I want to subtract a time-span from a date-time object. Date is 1983/5/1 13:0:0 (y/m/d-h:m:s) Time span is 2/4/28-2:51:0 (y/m/d-h:m:s) I can use the native DateTime and TimeSpan objects to do this, after converting years and months of the time-span to days (assuming a 30 day month and a ~364 day year). new DateTime(1981,5,1,13,0,0).Subtract(new TimeSpan(878,13,51,0)); With this i get the result: {12/4/1978 11:09:00 PM} But this is not exactly what i expected. If i do this manually (assuming a 30 day month) i get 1981/0/3-10:9:0 This is pretty close to what i'm after except i shouldn't get 0 for month and year should be 1980. So can someone please show me how i can do this manually and avoid getting a 0 month value? Also why do i get a completely different value when i use native classes?

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  • Enterprise Library Validation Block - Should validation be placed on class or interface?

    - by Robert MacLean
    I am not sure where the best place to put validation (using the Enterprise Library Validation Block) is? Should it be on the class or on the interface? Things that may effect it Validation rules would not be changed in classes which inherit from the interface. Validation rules would not be changed in classes which inherit from the class. Inheritance will occur from the class in most cases - I suspect some fringe cases to inherit from the interface (but I would try and avoid it). The interface main use is for DI which will be done with the Unity block.

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  • Preprocessor directive to test if this is C or C++

    - by Collin
    I'm trying to find a standard macro which will test whether a header file is being compiled as C or as C++. The purpose of this is that the header may be included by either C or C++ code, and must behave slightly differently depending on which. Specifically: In C, I need this to be the code: extern size_t insert (const char*); In C++, I need this to be the code: extern "C" size_t insert (const char*); Additionally, is there a way to avoid putting #ifdef's around every declaration in the header?

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  • Typeclass instances for unnamed types in Scala

    - by ncreep
    How would one encode the following constraint in Scala (pseudocode)? def foo(x: T forSome { type T has a Numeric[T] instance in scope }) = { val n= implicitly[...] // obtain the Numeric instance for x n.negate(x) // and use it with x } In words: I need a type class instance for my input argument, but I don't care about the argument's type, I just need to obtain the instance and use it on my argument. It doesn't have to be an existential type, but I need to avoid type parameters in the def's signature. Thanks.

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